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1. International variation in evidence-based emergency department management of bronchiolitis: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Lirette, M-P, Kuppermann, N, Finkelstein, Y, Zemek, R, Plint, AC, Florin, TA, Babl, FE, Dalziel, S, Freedman, S, Roland, D, Lyttle, MD, Schnadower, D, Steele, D, Fernandes, RM, Stephens, D, Kharbanda, A, Johnson, DW, Macias, C, Benito, J, Schuh, S, Pediat, ERNPERN, Lirette, M-P, Kuppermann, N, Finkelstein, Y, Zemek, R, Plint, AC, Florin, TA, Babl, FE, Dalziel, S, Freedman, S, Roland, D, Lyttle, MD, Schnadower, D, Steele, D, Fernandes, RM, Stephens, D, Kharbanda, A, Johnson, DW, Macias, C, Benito, J, Schuh, S, and Pediat, ERNPERN

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the international variation in the use of evidence-based management (EBM) in bronchiolitis. We hypothesised that management consistent with full-EBM practices is associated with the research network of care, adjusted for patient-level characteristics. Secondary objectives were to determine the association between full-EBM and (1) hospitalisation and (2) emergency department (ED) revisits resulting in hospitalisation within 21 days. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 38 paediatric EDs belonging to the Paediatric Emergency Research Network in Canada, USA, Australia/New Zealand UK/Ireland and Spain/Portugal. PATIENTS: Otherwise healthy infants 2-11 months old diagnosed with bronchiolitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December, 2013. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was management consistent with full-EBM, that is, no bronchodilators/corticosteroids/antibiotics, no chest radiography or laboratory testing. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisations during the index and subsequent ED visits. RESULTS: 1137/2356 (48.3%) infants received full-EBM (ranging from 13.2% in Spain/Portugal to 72.3% in UK/Ireland). Compared with the UK/Ireland, the adjusted ORs (aOR) of full-EBM receipt were lower in Spain/Portugal (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29), Canada (aOR 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.31) and USA (aOR 0.16 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.35). EBM was less likely in infants with dehydration (aOR 0.49 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.71)), chest retractions (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.91)) and nasal flaring (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.92)). EBM was associated with reduced odds of hospitalisation at the index visit (aOR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.98)) but not at revisits (aOR 1.17 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.85)). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with bronchiolitis frequently do not receive full-EBM ED management, particularly those outside of the UK/Ireland. Furthermore, there is marked variation in full-EBM between paediatric emergency networks, and full-EBM delivery i

Published
2022

2. Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Maas, A, Menon, D, Manley, G, Abrams, M, Åkerlund, C, Andelic, N, Aries, M, Bashford, T, Bell, M, Bodien, Y, Brett, B, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Clark, D, Clasby, B, Cooper, D, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dams-O'Connor, K, De Keyser, V, Diaz-Arrastia, R, Ercole, A, van Essen, T, Falvey, É, Ferguson, A, Figaji, A, Fitzgerald, M, Foreman, B, Gantner, D, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gravesteijn, B, Guiza, F, Gupta, D, Gurnell, M, Haagsma, J, Hammond, F, Hawryluk, G, Hutchinson, P, van der Jagt, M, Jain, S, Jiang, J, Kent, H, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Lecky, F, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Markowitz, A, Mccrea, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mikolić, A, Mondello, S, Mukherjee, P, Nelson, D, Nelson, L, Newcombe, V, Okonkwo, D, Orešič, M, Peul, W, Pisică, D, Polinder, S, Ponsford, J, Puybasset, L, Raj, R, Robba, C, Røe, C, Rosand, J, Schueler, P, Sharp, D, Smielewski, P, Stein, M, von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Temkin, N, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, I, Espin, A, Turgeon, A, Unterberg, A, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, Verheyden, J, Vyvere, T, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Wisniewski, S, Younsi, A, Yue, J, Yuh, E, Zeiler, F, Zeldovich, M, Zemek, R, Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Manley, Geoffrey T, Abrams, Mathew, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Andelic, Nada, Aries, Marcel, Bashford, Tom, Bell, Michael J, Bodien, Yelena G, Brett, Benjamin L, Büki, András, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clark, David, Clasby, Betony, Cooper, D Jamie, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dams-O'Connor, Kristen, De Keyser, Véronique, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Falvey, Éanna, Ferguson, Adam R, Figaji, Anthony, Fitzgerald, Melinda, Foreman, Brandon, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Guiza, Fabian, Gupta, Deepak, Gurnell, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hammond, Flora M, Hawryluk, Gregory, Hutchinson, Peter, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Jain, Sonia, Jain, Swati, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kent, Hope, Kolias, Angelos, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lecky, Fiona, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Markowitz, Amy, McCrea, Michael, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mikolić, Ana, Mondello, Stefania, Mukherjee, Pratik, Nelson, David, Nelson, Lindsay D, Newcombe, Virginia, Okonkwo, David, Orešič, Matej, Peul, Wilco, Pisică, Dana, Polinder, Suzanne, Ponsford, Jennie, Puybasset, Louis, Raj, Rahul, Robba, Chiara, Røe, Cecilie, Rosand, Jonathan, Schueler, Peter, Sharp, David J, Smielewski, Peter, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Temkin, Nancy, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Ilias, Espin, Abel Torres, Turgeon, Alexis F, Unterberg, Andreas, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, Verheyden, Jan, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Wang, Kevin K W, Wiegers, Eveline J A, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, Wisniewski, Stephen R, Younsi, Alexander, Yue, John, Yuh, Esther L, Zeiler, Frederick A, Zeldovich, Marina, Zemek, Roger, Maas, A, Menon, D, Manley, G, Abrams, M, Åkerlund, C, Andelic, N, Aries, M, Bashford, T, Bell, M, Bodien, Y, Brett, B, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Clark, D, Clasby, B, Cooper, D, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dams-O'Connor, K, De Keyser, V, Diaz-Arrastia, R, Ercole, A, van Essen, T, Falvey, É, Ferguson, A, Figaji, A, Fitzgerald, M, Foreman, B, Gantner, D, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gravesteijn, B, Guiza, F, Gupta, D, Gurnell, M, Haagsma, J, Hammond, F, Hawryluk, G, Hutchinson, P, van der Jagt, M, Jain, S, Jiang, J, Kent, H, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Lecky, F, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Markowitz, A, Mccrea, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mikolić, A, Mondello, S, Mukherjee, P, Nelson, D, Nelson, L, Newcombe, V, Okonkwo, D, Orešič, M, Peul, W, Pisică, D, Polinder, S, Ponsford, J, Puybasset, L, Raj, R, Robba, C, Røe, C, Rosand, J, Schueler, P, Sharp, D, Smielewski, P, Stein, M, von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Temkin, N, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, I, Espin, A, Turgeon, A, Unterberg, A, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, Verheyden, J, Vyvere, T, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Wisniewski, S, Younsi, A, Yue, J, Yuh, E, Zeiler, F, Zeldovich, M, Zemek, R, Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Manley, Geoffrey T, Abrams, Mathew, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Andelic, Nada, Aries, Marcel, Bashford, Tom, Bell, Michael J, Bodien, Yelena G, Brett, Benjamin L, Büki, András, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clark, David, Clasby, Betony, Cooper, D Jamie, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dams-O'Connor, Kristen, De Keyser, Véronique, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Falvey, Éanna, Ferguson, Adam R, Figaji, Anthony, Fitzgerald, Melinda, Foreman, Brandon, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Guiza, Fabian, Gupta, Deepak, Gurnell, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hammond, Flora M, Hawryluk, Gregory, Hutchinson, Peter, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Jain, Sonia, Jain, Swati, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kent, Hope, Kolias, Angelos, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lecky, Fiona, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Markowitz, Amy, McCrea, Michael, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mikolić, Ana, Mondello, Stefania, Mukherjee, Pratik, Nelson, David, Nelson, Lindsay D, Newcombe, Virginia, Okonkwo, David, Orešič, Matej, Peul, Wilco, Pisică, Dana, Polinder, Suzanne, Ponsford, Jennie, Puybasset, Louis, Raj, Rahul, Robba, Chiara, Røe, Cecilie, Rosand, Jonathan, Schueler, Peter, Sharp, David J, Smielewski, Peter, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Temkin, Nancy, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Ilias, Espin, Abel Torres, Turgeon, Alexis F, Unterberg, Andreas, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, Verheyden, Jan, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Wang, Kevin K W, Wiegers, Eveline J A, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, Wisniewski, Stephen R, Younsi, Alexander, Yue, John, Yuh, Esther L, Zeiler, Frederick A, Zeldovich, Marina, and Zemek, Roger

Published
2022

3. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Maas, A, Menon, D, Adelson, P, Andelic, N, Bell, M, Belli, A, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Coburn, M, Cooper, D, Crowder, A, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Diaz arrastia, R, Dreier, J, Duhaime, A, Ercole, A, Van Essen, T, Feigin, V, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gonzalez lara, L, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Hartings, J, Hill, S, Jiang, J, Ketharanathan, N, Kompanje, E, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Levin, H, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manley, G, Marsteller, J, Mascia, L, Mcfadyen, C, Mondello, S, Newcombe, V, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Peul, W, Piercy, J, Polinder, S, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, T, Rossaint, R, Smielewski, P, Söderberg, J, Stanworth, S, Stein, M, Von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Synnot, A, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Tibboel, D, Videtta, W, Wang, K, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Yaffe, K, Adams, H, Agnoletti, V, Allanson, J, Amrein, K, Andaluz, N, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Van As, A, Audibert, G, Azaševac, A, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Baciu, C, Badenes, R, Barlow, K, Bartels, R, Bauerfeind, U, Beauchamp, M, Beer, D, Beer, R, Belda, F, Bellander, B, Bellier, R, Benali, H, Benard, T, Beqiri, V, Beretta, L, Bernard, F, Bertolini, G, Bilotta, F, Blaabjerg, M, Den Boogert, H, Boutis, K, Bouzat, P, Brooks, B, Brorsson, C, Bullinger, M, Burns, E, Calappi, E, Cameron, P, Carise, E, Castaño león, A, Causin, F, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Christie, B, Cnossen, M, Coles, J, Collett, J, Della Corte, F, Craig, W, Csato, G, Csomos, A, Curry, N, Dahyot fizelier, C, Dawes, H, Dematteo, C, Depreitere, B, Dewey, D, Van Dijck, J, Đilvesi, Đ, Dippel, D, Dizdarevic, K, Donoghue, E, Duek, O, Dulière, G, Dzeko, A, Eapen, G, Emery, C, English, S, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feng, J, Fergusson, D, Figaji, A, Fleming, J, Foks, K, Francony, G, Freedman, S, Freo, U, Frisvold, S, Gagnon, I, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Giraud, B, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gómez López, P, Gordon, W, Gradisek, P, Gravel, J, Griesdale, D, Grossi, F, Haagsma, J, Håberg, A, Haitsma, I, Van Hecke, W, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Van Heugten, C, Hoedemaekers, C, Höfer, S, Horton, L, Hui, J, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Van Der Jagt, M, Jankowski, S, Janssens, K, Jelaca, B, Jones, K, Kamnitsas, K, Kaps, R, Karan, M, Katila, A, Kaukonen, K, De Keyser, V, Kivisaari, R, Kolias, A, Kolumbán, B, Kolundžija, K, Kondziella, D, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kramer, A, Kutsogiannis, D, Kyprianou, T, Lagares, A, Lamontagne, F, Latini, R, Lauzier, F, Lazar, I, Ledig, C, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lozano, A, Macdonald, S, Major, S, Manara, A, Manhes, P, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Masala, A, Masson, S, Mattern, J, Mcfadyen, B, Mcmahon, C, Meade, M, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Moore, L, Morgado Correia, M, Morganti kossmann, M, Muehlan, H, Mukherjee, P, Murray, L, Van Der Naalt, J, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Nieboer, D, Noirhomme, Q, Nyirádi, J, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Oldenbeuving, A, Ortolano, F, Osmond, M, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Pichon, N, Piippo karjalainen, A, Pili floury, S, Pirinen, M, Ple, H, Poca, M, Posti, J, Van Praag, D, Ptito, A, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Real, R, Reed, N, Rhodes, J, Robertson, C, Rocka, S, Røe, C, Røise, O, Roks, G, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, De Ruiter, G, Sacchi, M, Sahakian, B, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Salvato, G, Sánchez porras, R, Sándor, J, Sangha, G, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schneider, K, Schnyer, D, Schöhl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Sir, Ö, Skandsen, T, Smeets, D, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stevanovic, A, Stevens, R, Sundström, N, Taccone, F, Takala, R, Tanskanen, P, Taylor, M, Telgmann, R, Temkin, N, Teodorani, G, Thomas, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Turgeon, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valadka, A, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Verheyden, J, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vleggeert lankamp, C, Vogt, L, Volovici, V, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Van Waesberghe, J, Wessels, L, Wildschut, E, Williams, G, Winkler, M, Wolf, S, Wood, G, Xirouchaki, N, Younsi, A, Zaaroor, M, Zelinkova, V, Zemek, R, Zumbo, F, CITERIO, GIUSEPPE, VARGIOLU, ALESSIA, Zumbo, F., Maas, A, Menon, D, Adelson, P, Andelic, N, Bell, M, Belli, A, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Coburn, M, Cooper, D, Crowder, A, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Diaz arrastia, R, Dreier, J, Duhaime, A, Ercole, A, Van Essen, T, Feigin, V, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gonzalez lara, L, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Hartings, J, Hill, S, Jiang, J, Ketharanathan, N, Kompanje, E, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Levin, H, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manley, G, Marsteller, J, Mascia, L, Mcfadyen, C, Mondello, S, Newcombe, V, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Peul, W, Piercy, J, Polinder, S, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, T, Rossaint, R, Smielewski, P, Söderberg, J, Stanworth, S, Stein, M, Von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Synnot, A, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Tibboel, D, Videtta, W, Wang, K, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Yaffe, K, Adams, H, Agnoletti, V, Allanson, J, Amrein, K, Andaluz, N, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Van As, A, Audibert, G, Azaševac, A, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Baciu, C, Badenes, R, Barlow, K, Bartels, R, Bauerfeind, U, Beauchamp, M, Beer, D, Beer, R, Belda, F, Bellander, B, Bellier, R, Benali, H, Benard, T, Beqiri, V, Beretta, L, Bernard, F, Bertolini, G, Bilotta, F, Blaabjerg, M, Den Boogert, H, Boutis, K, Bouzat, P, Brooks, B, Brorsson, C, Bullinger, M, Burns, E, Calappi, E, Cameron, P, Carise, E, Castaño león, A, Causin, F, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Christie, B, Cnossen, M, Coles, J, Collett, J, Della Corte, F, Craig, W, Csato, G, Csomos, A, Curry, N, Dahyot fizelier, C, Dawes, H, Dematteo, C, Depreitere, B, Dewey, D, Van Dijck, J, Đilvesi, Đ, Dippel, D, Dizdarevic, K, Donoghue, E, Duek, O, Dulière, G, Dzeko, A, Eapen, G, Emery, C, English, S, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feng, J, Fergusson, D, Figaji, A, Fleming, J, Foks, K, Francony, G, Freedman, S, Freo, U, Frisvold, S, Gagnon, I, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Giraud, B, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gómez López, P, Gordon, W, Gradisek, P, Gravel, J, Griesdale, D, Grossi, F, Haagsma, J, Håberg, A, Haitsma, I, Van Hecke, W, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Van Heugten, C, Hoedemaekers, C, Höfer, S, Horton, L, Hui, J, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Van Der Jagt, M, Jankowski, S, Janssens, K, Jelaca, B, Jones, K, Kamnitsas, K, Kaps, R, Karan, M, Katila, A, Kaukonen, K, De Keyser, V, Kivisaari, R, Kolias, A, Kolumbán, B, Kolundžija, K, Kondziella, D, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kramer, A, Kutsogiannis, D, Kyprianou, T, Lagares, A, Lamontagne, F, Latini, R, Lauzier, F, Lazar, I, Ledig, C, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lozano, A, Macdonald, S, Major, S, Manara, A, Manhes, P, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Masala, A, Masson, S, Mattern, J, Mcfadyen, B, Mcmahon, C, Meade, M, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Moore, L, Morgado Correia, M, Morganti kossmann, M, Muehlan, H, Mukherjee, P, Murray, L, Van Der Naalt, J, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Nieboer, D, Noirhomme, Q, Nyirádi, J, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Oldenbeuving, A, Ortolano, F, Osmond, M, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Pichon, N, Piippo karjalainen, A, Pili floury, S, Pirinen, M, Ple, H, Poca, M, Posti, J, Van Praag, D, Ptito, A, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Real, R, Reed, N, Rhodes, J, Robertson, C, Rocka, S, Røe, C, Røise, O, Roks, G, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, De Ruiter, G, Sacchi, M, Sahakian, B, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Salvato, G, Sánchez porras, R, Sándor, J, Sangha, G, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schneider, K, Schnyer, D, Schöhl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Sir, Ö, Skandsen, T, Smeets, D, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stevanovic, A, Stevens, R, Sundström, N, Taccone, F, Takala, R, Tanskanen, P, Taylor, M, Telgmann, R, Temkin, N, Teodorani, G, Thomas, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Turgeon, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valadka, A, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Verheyden, J, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vleggeert lankamp, C, Vogt, L, Volovici, V, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Van Waesberghe, J, Wessels, L, Wildschut, E, Williams, G, Winkler, M, Wolf, S, Wood, G, Xirouchaki, N, Younsi, A, Zaaroor, M, Zelinkova, V, Zemek, R, Zumbo, F, CITERIO, GIUSEPPE, VARGIOLU, ALESSIA, and Zumbo, F.

Abstract

Executive summary A concerted effort to tackle the global health problem posed by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is long overdue. TBI is a public health challenge of vast, but insufficiently recognised, proportions. Worldwide, more than 50 million people have a TBI each year, and it is estimated that about half the world’s population will have one or more TBIs over their lifetime. TBI is the leading cause of mortality in young adults and a major cause of death and disability across all ages in all countries, with a disproportionate burden of disability and death occurring in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It has been estimated that TBI costs the global economy approximately $US400 billion annually. Deficiencies in prevention, care, and research urgently need to be addressed to reduce the huge burden and societal costs of TBI. This Commission highlights priorities and provides expert recommendations for all stakeholders— policy makers, funders, health-care professionals, researchers, and patient representatives—on clinical and research strategies to reduce this growing public health problem and improve the lives of people with TBI. The epidemiology of TBI is changing: in high-income countries, the number of elderly people with TBI is increasing, mainly due to falls, while in LMICs, the burden of TBI from road traffic incidents is increasing. Data on the frequency of TBI and TBI-related deaths and on the economic impact of brain trauma are often incomplete and vary between countries. Improved, accurate epidemiological monitoring and robust healtheconomic data collection are needed to inform healthcare policy and prevention programmes. Highly developed and coordinated systems of care are crucial for management of patients with TBI. However, in practice, implementation of such frameworks varies greatly and disconnects exist in the chain of care. Optimisation of systems of care should be high on the policy agenda and could yield substantial gains in terms

Published
2017

4. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

5. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

6. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

7. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

8. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

9. Interactions in a tritrophic acarine predator-prey metapopulation system III:Effects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on host plant condition

Author

Nachman, Gösta, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gösta, and Zemek, R.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: January, 2002, Spider mites are serious pests on many economically important plant species, because they may reduce plant productivity and, at high mite densities, overexploit and even kill the host plants. We have conducted a series of greenhouse experiments to quantify the effects of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) on host plants (Phaseolusvulgaris). The average amount of chlorophyll per cm2 leaf area was used as a measure of plant condition. It was shown that chlorophyll concentration decreases with plant age and intensity of spider mite feeding. Damage caused by spider mites was assessed visually, using the Leaf Damage Index (LDI) defined by, and a mathematical relationship between the visual measurements and the amount of chlorophyll/cm2 was fitted to data. The relationship may serve as a short-cut to estimate overall plant injury, expressed as the relative loss of chlorophyll/cm2 leaf area caused by spider mites (D). D takes values between 0 (no injury) and 1 (all leaves dead). A highly significant positive relationship between the instantaneous spider mite density and D was found, even though D is expected to reflect the cumulated density of mites (mite-days). A model of plant growth incorporating information about plant age and D predicts that plant area has a maximum when plant age is about 60 days, and that plant area decreases exponentially with an increase in D.

Published
2002

10. Interactions in a tritrophic acarine predator-prey metapopulation system III:Effects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on host plant condition

Author

Nachman, Gösta, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gösta, and Zemek, R.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: January, 2002, Spider mites are serious pests on many economically important plant species, because they may reduce plant productivity and, at high mite densities, overexploit and even kill the host plants. We have conducted a series of greenhouse experiments to quantify the effects of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) on host plants (Phaseolusvulgaris). The average amount of chlorophyll per cm2 leaf area was used as a measure of plant condition. It was shown that chlorophyll concentration decreases with plant age and intensity of spider mite feeding. Damage caused by spider mites was assessed visually, using the Leaf Damage Index (LDI) defined by, and a mathematical relationship between the visual measurements and the amount of chlorophyll/cm2 was fitted to data. The relationship may serve as a short-cut to estimate overall plant injury, expressed as the relative loss of chlorophyll/cm2 leaf area caused by spider mites (D). D takes values between 0 (no injury) and 1 (all leaves dead). A highly significant positive relationship between the instantaneous spider mite density and D was found, even though D is expected to reflect the cumulated density of mites (mite-days). A model of plant growth incorporating information about plant age and D predicts that plant area has a maximum when plant age is about 60 days, and that plant area decreases exponentially with an increase in D.

Published
2002

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