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Growing evidence shows that proactive content moderation supported by AI can help improve online discourse. However, we know little about designing these systems, how design impacts efficacy and user experience, and how people perceive proactive moderation across public and private platforms. We developed a mobile keyboard with built-in proactive content moderation which we tested (N=575) within a semi-functional simulation of a public and private communication platform. Where toxic content was detected, we used different interventions that embedded three design factors: timing, friction, and the presentation of the AI model output. We found moderation to be effective, regardless of the design. However, friction was a source of annoyance while prompts with no friction that occurred during typing were more effective. Follow-up interviews highlight the differences in how these systems are perceived across public and private platforms, and how they can offer more than moderation by acting as educational and communication support tools.

Torch relay is an important tradition of the Olympics and heralds the start of the Games. Robots applied in the torch relay activity can not only demonstrate the technological capability of humans to the world but also provide a sight of human lives with robots in the future. This article presents an aerial manipulator designed for the robot-to-robot torch relay task of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. This aerial manipulator system is composed of a quadrotor, a 3 DoF (Degree of Freedom) manipulator, and a monocular camera. This article primarily describes the system design and system control scheme of the aerial manipulator. The experimental results demonstrate that it can complete robot-to-robot torch relay task under the guidance of vision in the ice and snow field.

Time-optimal control of a multi-rotor remains an open problem due to the under-actuation and nonlinearity of its dynamics, which make it difficult to solve this problem directly. In this paper, the time-optimal control problem of the multi-rotor is studied. Firstly, a thrust limit optimal decomposition method is proposed, which can reasonably decompose the limited thrust into three directions according to the current state and the target state. As a result, the thrust limit constraint is decomposed as a linear constraint. With the linear constraint and decoupled dynamics, a time-optimal guidance trajectory can be obtained. Then, a cost function is defined based on the time-optimal guidance trajectory, which has a quadratic form and can be used to evaluate the time-optimal performance of the system outputs. Finally, based on the cost function, the time-optimal control problem is reformulated as an MPC (Model Predictive Control) problem. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

EEG-based emotion recognition is one of the hot research directions in the field of human-computer interaction. The traditional user-dependent models have had remarkable success. However, due to the individual differences, the generalization performance of traditional models is poor for user-independent emotion recognition. Therefore, this work proposes a two-step domain adversarial transfer learning based on typical subjects (TS-DATL) framework with pretraining and domain adversarial training. Pre-training is to find out several typical representative subjects in the training dataset and mark the data most similar to the target domain as the source domain. Domain adversarial training is to narrow the mapping gap between the source domain and the target domain on the common feature space. Experiments were conducted on a public dataset DEAP. The results show that TS-DATL framework successfully reduces the difference of EEG signals across subjects, and effectively improves the prediction accuracy of two emotional dimensions.

In recent years, many video tasks have achieved breakthroughs by utilizing the vision transformer and establishing spatial-temporal decoupling for feature extraction. Although multi-view 3D reconstruction also faces multiple images as input, it cannot immediately inherit their success due to completely ambiguous associations between unstructured views. There is not usable prior relationship, which is similar to the temporally-coherence property in a video. To solve this problem, we propose a novel transformer network for Unstructured Multiple Images (UMIFormer). It exploits transformer blocks for decoupled intra-view encoding and designed blocks for token rectification that mine the correlation between similar tokens from different views to achieve decoupled inter-view encoding. Afterward, all tokens acquired from various branches are compressed into a fixed-size compact representation while preserving rich information for reconstruction by leveraging the similarities between tokens. We empirically demonstrate on ShapeNet and confirm that our decoupled learning method is adaptable for unstructured multiple images. Meanwhile, the experiments also verify our model outperforms existing SOTA methods by a large margin. Code will be available at https://github.com/GaryZhu1996/UMIFormer., Comment: Accepted by ICCV 2023

Two journal-level indicators, respectively the mean ($m^i$) and the standard deviation ($v^i$) are proposed to be the core indicators of each journal and we show that quite several other indicators can be calculated from those two core indicators, assuming that yearly citation counts of papers in each journal follows more or less a log-normal distribution. Those other journal-level indicators include journal h index, journal one-by-one-sample comparison citation success index $S_j^i$, journal multiple-sample $K^i-K^j$ comparison success rate $S_{j,K^j}^{i,K^i }$, and minimum representative sizes $\kappa_j^i$ and $\kappa_i^j$, the average ranking of all papers in a journal in a set of journals($R^t$). We find that those indicators are consistent with those calculated directly using the raw citation data ($C^i=\{c_1^i,c_2^i,\dots,c_{N^i}^i \},\forall i$) of journals. In addition to its theoretical significance, the ability to estimate other indicators from core indicators has practical implications. This feature enables individuals who lack access to raw citation count data to utilize other indicators by simply using core indicators, which are typically easily accessible.

In the field of scientometrics, the subject classification system of academic journals holds great importance. Accurate identification and classification of "multidisciplinary" journals are crucial in revealing the scientific structure and evaluating journals. Based on data from the Web of Science database from 2016 to 2020, we calculated the disciplinary diversity of journals using the paper-level subject classification system, then conducted a systematic analysis of JCR multidisciplinary journals. Studies showed that most multidisciplinary journals have high disciplinary diversity, while non-multidisciplinary journals tend to have relatively lower diversity. Some multidisciplinary journals with low disciplinary diversities may misclassify disciplines. In addition, there are inconsistencies in the diversity of journal disciplines at different granularities. Our study also visually analyzed the four types of diversity distribution tendencies of multidisciplinary journals. Moreover, ten potential multidisciplinary journals were found in non-multidisciplinary categories.

Accurately assigning the document type of review articles in citation index databases like Web of Science(WoS) and Scopus is important. This study aims to investigate the document type assignation of review articles in web of Science, Scopus and Journals' website in a large scale. 27,616 papers from 160 journals from 10 review journal series indexed in SCI are analyzed. The document types of these papers labeled on journals' website, and assigned by WoS and Scopus are retrieved and compared to determine the assigning accuracy and identify the possible reasons of wrongly assigning. For the document type labeled on the website, we further differentiate them into explicit review and implicit review based on whether the website directly indicating it is review or not. We find that WoS and Scopus performed similarly, with an average precision of about 99% and recall of about 80%. However, there were some differences between WoS and Scopus across different journal series and within the same journal series. The assigning accuracy of WoS and Scopus for implicit reviews dropped significantly. This study provides a reference for the accuracy of document type assigning of review articles in WoS and Scopus, and the identified pattern for assigning implicit reviews may be helpful to better labeling on website, WoS and Scopus.

This paper study author simultaneously engaged in multiple affiliations based on bibliometric data covered in the Web of Science for the 2017-2021 period. Based on the affiliation information in publication records, we propose a general classification for multiple affiliations within-country or cross-country for analyzing authors' behavior in multiple affiliations and preferences of host countries across research fields. We find a decrease in publications led by international multi-affiliated authorship after 2020, and China has shown a falling trend after 2018. More G7 countries are active in fields like Social Sciences, Clinical and Life Sciences. China, India, and Russia are active in physical sciences-related fields. Countries prefer to affiliate with G7 countries, especially in Clinical and Life Sciences. These findings may provide more insights into the understanding of the behavior and productivity of multi-affiliated researchers in the current academic landscape.

Nowadays, transformer networks have demonstrated superior performance in many computer vision tasks. In a multi-view 3D reconstruction algorithm following this paradigm, self-attention processing has to deal with intricate image tokens including massive information when facing heavy amounts of view input. The curse of information content leads to the extreme difficulty of model learning. To alleviate this problem, recent methods compress the token number representing each view or discard the attention operations between the tokens from different views. Obviously, they give a negative impact on performance. Therefore, we propose long-range grouping attention (LGA) based on the divide-and-conquer principle. Tokens from all views are grouped for separate attention operations. The tokens in each group are sampled from all views and can provide macro representation for the resided view. The richness of feature learning is guaranteed by the diversity among different groups. An effective and efficient encoder can be established which connects inter-view features using LGA and extract intra-view features using the standard self-attention layer. Moreover, a novel progressive upsampling decoder is also designed for voxel generation with relatively high resolution. Hinging on the above, we construct a powerful transformer-based network, called LRGT. Experimental results on ShapeNet verify our method achieves SOTA accuracy in multi-view reconstruction. Code will be available at https://github.com/LiyingCV/Long-Range-Grouping-Transformer., Comment: Accepted to ICCV 2023

Deep learning technology has made great progress in multi-view 3D reconstruction tasks. At present, most mainstream solutions establish the mapping between views and shape of an object by assembling the networks of 2D encoder and 3D decoder as the basic structure while they adopt different approaches to obtain aggregation of features from several views. Among them, the methods using attention-based fusion perform better and more stable than the others, however, they still have an obvious shortcoming -- the strong independence of each view during predicting the weights for merging leads to a lack of adaption of the global state. In this paper, we propose a global-aware attention-based fusion approach that builds the correlation between each branch and the global to provide a comprehensive foundation for weights inference. In order to enhance the ability of the network, we introduce a novel loss function to supervise the shape overall and propose a dynamic two-stage training strategy that can effectively adapt to all reconstructors with attention-based fusion. Experiments on ShapeNet verify that our method outperforms existing SOTA methods while the amount of parameters is far less than the same type of algorithm, Pix2Vox++. Furthermore, we propose a view-reduction method based on maximizing diversity and discuss the cost-performance tradeoff of our model to achieve a better performance when facing heavy input amount and limited computational cost.

Since its first release in 2004, the CAS Journal Ranking, a ranking system of journals based on a citation impact indicator, has been widely used both in selecting journals when submitting manuscripts and conducting research evaluation in China This paper introduces an upgraded version of the CAS Journal Ranking released in 2020 and the corresponding improvements. We will discuss the following improvements: (1) the CWTS paper-level classification system, a fine-grained classification system, utilized for field normalization, (2) the Field Normalized Citation Success Index (FNCSI), an indicator which is robust against not only extremely highly cited publications, but also wrongly assigned document types, and (3) document type difference. In addition, this paper will present part of the ranking results and an interpretation of the features of the FNCSI indicator.

Researchers affiliated with multiple institutions are increasingly seen in current scientific environment. In this paper we systematically analyze the multi-affiliated authorship and its effect on citation impact, with focus on the scientific output of research collaboration. By considering the nationality of each institutions, we further differentiate the national multi-affiliated authorship and international multi-affiliated authorship and reveal their different patterns across disciplines and countries. We observe a large share of publications with multi-affiliated authorship (45.6%) in research collaboration, with a larger share of publications containing national multi-affiliated authorship in medicine related and biology related disciplines, and a larger share of publications containing international type in Space Science, Physics and Geosciences. To a country-based view, we distinguish between domestic and foreign multi-affiliated authorship to a specific country. Taking G7 and BRICS countries as samples from different S&T level, we find that the domestic national multi-affiliated authorship relate to more on citation impact for most disciplines of G7 countries, while domestic international multi-affiliated authorships are more positively influential for most BRICS countries.

This paper analyzes, using Web of Science publications and two time periods (2004-2006 and 2014-2016), the disciplinary structures in the three prestigious journals Nature, Science and PNAS, compared with two baselines: Non-NSP_Multi (multidisciplinary publications that have other source journals than Nature, Science and PNAS), and Non-Multi (publications assigned to other categories than Multidisciplinary). We analyze the profiles at two levels, journal and country. The results for the journal level show that for Nature and Science, the publications are considerably less concentrated to certain disciplines compared to PNAS. Biology is the dominant discipline for all the three journals. Nature and Science have similar publication shares in Medicine, Geosciences, Physics, Space science, and Chemistry. The publications of PNAS are highly concentrated to two disciplines: Biology and Medicine. Compared with Non-NSP_Multi and Non-Multi, the shares of Biology in NSP journals are higher, whereas the share of Medicine is lower. At the country level, 14 countries are included, among them the five BRICS countries. With respect to the NSP journals, the emphasis disciplines (in terms of world share of publications) of most countries other than USA are the disciplines in which USA has its weakest performance. The disciplinary structures of USA and of most of the other studied countries therefore tend to be different. Regarding Non-NSP_Multi and Non-Multi, the shapes of the disciplinary structures of the 14 countries can be roughly grouped into three groups, while there are more types of shapes for the countries in the NSP journals. For all five units of analysis, the discipline structures of most countries generally change only slightly between different time periods. The structures of some BRICS countries, however, change to a relatively large extent., QC 20181019

Herein, 1,6-Diaminohexane Dihydrochloride (1,6-DD) is introduced into perovskite precursors to fabricate the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. By regulating the concentration of 1,6-DD additive, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells is enhanced by 20%. The champion device achieves a relatively high PCE of 17% and an excellent fill factor of 80.1%. The PCE of the large-area (1 cm(2)) device also reaches to 13.68%. After exposure to the air for 16 days, the device with 1,6-DD additive still retains above 90% of the initial efficiency, exhibiting good stability. We demonstrate that a small amount of 1,6-DD affects the crystallization dynamic, yielding ideal perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain size. The two terminal -NH3+ groups passivates the vacancy defects at the perovskite crystal surface, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transportation effectively. Meanwhile, adjacent crystal surfaces are linked through the hexane alkyl chain of 1,6-DD molecule, which enhances the interaction between perovskite grains and anchors the microstructure of perovskite to some degree. Hydrophobic hexane alkyl chains also increase the moisture resistance of perovskite film. Thus, an easy and effective way is provided for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells., Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [61504097]; Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin [17JCYBJC21000]; National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project [2014YQ120351]

In this contribution, which builds on and develops a study that was published more than 10 years ago, we address the role of the Chinese Key Labs (KLs) in the international and national scientific arena. We give a short overview of the position of KLs in China, including their budget and manpower. Based on large numbers of Chinese publications obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) and the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), the KLs are compared across publication years to the rest of China (ChRest) with respect to publication output and citation impact. We also look at collaboration in terms of co-publishing between the KLs and the ChRest. As to publications in the WoS, we found that the contribution of KLs compared with the ChRest is slightly and irregularly increasing (using full counting as well as fractional counting), whereas a stronger increasing trend is observed for the corresponding contribution in the CSCD. We observed an increase in the number of collaborations between KLs and Chinese colleagues, regardless of database. For WoS and field normalized citation indicators, we obtained the expected results that researchers at KLs perform considerably better than other Chinese colleagues and, moreover, perform clearly better than database average. As such we may conclude that KLs have lived up to their promise and made real impact on the international arena., QC 20170801

QC 20171011

Several investigations to and approaches for categorizing academic journals/institutions/countries into different grades have been published in the past. To the best of our knowledge, most existing grading methods use either a weighted sum of quantitative indicators (including the case of one properly defined quantitative indicator) or quantified peer review results. Performance measurement is an important issue of concern for science and technology (S&T) management. In this paper we address this issue, leading to multi-level frontiers resulting from data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to grade selected countries/territories. We use research funding and researchers as input indicators, and take papers, citations and patents as output indicators. Our research results show that using DEA frontiers we can unite countries/territories by different grades. These grades reflect the corresponding countries' levels of performance with respect to multiple inputs and outputs. Furthermore, we use papers, citations and patents as single output (with research funding and researchers as inputs), respectively, to show country/territory grade changes. In order to increase the insight in this approach, we also incorporate a simple value judgment (that the number of citations is more important than the number of papers) as prior information into the DEA models to study the resulting changes of these Countries/Territories' performance grades., QC 20160414

In this work, we extend our previous work on largeness tracing among physicists to other fields, namely mathematics, economics and biomedical science. Overall, the results confirm our previous discovery, indicating that scientists in all these fields trace large topics. Surprisingly, however, it seems that researchers in mathematics tend to be more likely to trace large topics than those in the other fields. We also find that on average, papers in top journals are less largeness-driven. We compare researchers from the USA, Germany, Japan and China and find that Chinese researchers exhibit consistently larger exponents, indicating that in all these fields, Chinese researchers trace large topics more strongly than others. Further correlation analyses between the degree of largeness tracing and the numbers of authors, affiliations and references per paper reveal positive correlations -- papers with more authors, affiliations or references are likely to be more largeness-driven, with several interesting and noteworthy exceptions: in economics, papers with more references are not necessary more largeness-driven, and the same is true for papers with more authors in biomedical science. We believe that these empirical discoveries may be valuable to science policy-makers., Comment: 11 papges, 6 figures

Evaluating the quality of academic journal is becoming increasing important within the context of research performance evaluation. Traditionally, journals have been ranked by peer review lists such as that of the Association of Business Schools (UK) or though their journal impact factor (JIF). However, several new indicators have been developed, such as the h-index, SJR, SNIP and the Eigenfactor which take into account different factors and therefore have their own particular biases. In this paper we evaluate these metrics both theoretically and also through an empirical study of a large set of business and management journals. We show that even though the indicators appear highly correlated in fact they lead to large differences in journal rankings. We contextualize our results in terms of the UK's large scale research assessment exercise (the RAE/REF) and particularly the ABS journal ranking list. We conclude that no one indicator is superior but that the h-index (which includes the productivity of a journal) and SNIP (which aims to normalize for field effects) may be the most effective at the moment.

Evaluating the quality of academic journal is becoming increasing important within the context of research performance evaluation. Traditionally, journals have been ranked by peer review lists such as that of the Association of Business Schools (UK) or though their journal impact factor (JIF). However, several new indicators have been developed, such as the h-index, SJR, SNIP and the Eigenfactor which take into account different factors and therefore have their own particular biases. In this paper we evaluate these metrics both theoretically and also through an empirical study of a large set of business and management journals. We show that even though the indicators appear highly correlated in fact they lead to large differences in journal rankings. We contextualise our results in terms of the UK’s large scale research assessment exercise (the RAE/REF) and particularly the ABS journal ranking list. We conclude that no one indicator is superior but that the h-index (which includes the productivity of a journal) and SNIP (which aims to normalize for field effects) may be the most effective at the moment.

UnlabelledHuman papillomavirus (HPV) causes a number of neoplastic diseases in humans. Here, we show a complex normal HPV community in a cohort of 103 healthy human subjects, by metagenomics analysis of the shotgun sequencing data generated from the NIH Human Microbiome Project. The overall HPV prevalence was 68.9% and was highest in the skin (61.3%), followed by the vagina (41.5%), mouth (30%), and gut (17.3%). Of the 109 HPV types as well as additional unclassified types detected, most were undetectable by the widely used commercial kits targeting the vaginal/cervical HPV types. These HPVs likely represent true HPV infections rather than transitory exposure because of strong organ tropism and persistence of the same HPV types in repeat samples. Coexistence of multiple HPV types was found in 48.1% of the HPV-positive samples. Networking between HPV types, cooccurrence or exclusion, was detected in vaginal and skin samples. Large contigs assembled from short HPV reads were obtained from several samples, confirming their genuine HPV origin. This first large-scale survey of HPV using a shotgun sequencing approach yielded a comprehensive map of HPV infections among different body sites of healthy human subjects.ImportanceThis nonbiased survey indicates that the HPV community in healthy humans is much more complex than previously defined by widely used kits that are target selective for only a few high- and low-risk HPV types for cervical cancer. The importance of nononcogenic viruses in a mixed HPV infection could be for stimulating or inhibiting a coexisting oncogenic virus via viral interference or immune cross-reaction. Knowledge gained from this study will be helpful to guide the designing of epidemiological and clinical studies in the future to determine the impact of nononcogenic HPV types on the outcome of HPV infections.

The silver nanosheets (AgNSs) prepared via normal silver mirror reaction were used to improve the performance of organic solar cells. AgNSs with a size of about 100 nm in width and 10 nm in thickness formed a 3-D network on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. Organic solar cells with a structure of ITO/AgNSs/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM)/LiF/Al exhibited an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.60 +/- 0.01 V, short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 11.16 +/- 0.08 mA/cm(2), a fill factor (FF) of 53.69 +/- 0.92%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.60 +/- 0.06%. The PCEs of organic solar cells with 3-D AgNSs layers were 1.29 times that of the control device without 3-D AgNSs layer. We attributed the improvement of the efficiency to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by the 3-D network of AgNSs, which enhanced the light harvest of active layers, increased the probability of exciton generation and dissociation., Funding Agencies|NSFC|6087604660976048|Tianjin Natural Science Foundation|10ZCKFGX0190010SYSYJC2810012JCQNJC01300|Scientific Developing Foundation of Tianjin Education Commission|20100723|Tianjin Key Discipline of Material Physics and Chemistry

The enhanced performance of polymer solar cells based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend was achieved by using cesium acetate (CH3COOCs) as cathode buffer layer. Under 100 mW/cm(2) white light illumination, the device with 0.8 nm thick CH3COOCs as cathode buffer layer exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as (4.16 +/- 0.02) %. Compared to the control devices without cathode buffer layer and with LiF as cathode buffer layer, the PCE is enhanced similar to 100% and similar to 31%, respectively. The introduction of the CH3COOCs buffer layer effectively improves the photo-generated charge collection. The Kelvin Probe measurement shows that the work function of the CH3COOCs is estimated to be -4.0 eV, which has an ideal energy band match with PCBM and a good property for electron collection. The static contact angle results indicated that the CH3COOCs with the hydrophobic CH3COO- group has an improved wettability between the buffer layer and the hydrophobic organic active layer surface, resulting in better interfacial contact and reduced contact resistance. The improved performance may be attributed to the dissociation of semi-conducting CH3COOCs upon deposition to liberate Cs with a low work function, which reduces the interface resistance of the active layer and the cathode and enhances the interior electric field that may result in efficient charge transportation. Therefore, the CH3COOCs interlayer could be a promising alternative to LiF to improve the efficiency of the electron collection of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells., Funding Agencies|National Science Foundation of China|6087604660976048|Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education|209007|Tianjin Natural Science Council|10ZCKFGX0190012JCQNJC0130010SYSYJC28100|Scientific Developing Foundation of Tianjin Education Commission|20100723|Tianjin Key Discipline of Material Physics and Chemistry

The silver nanosheets (AgNSs) prepared via normal silver mirror reaction were used to improve the performance of organic solar cells. AgNSs with a size of about 100 nm in width and 10 nm in thickness formed a 3-D network on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. Organic solar cells with a structure of ITO/AgNSs/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM)/LiF/Al exhibited an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.60 +/- 0.01 V, short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 11.16 +/- 0.08 mA/cm(2), a fill factor (FF) of 53.69 +/- 0.92%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.60 +/- 0.06%. The PCEs of organic solar cells with 3-D AgNSs layers were 1.29 times that of the control device without 3-D AgNSs layer. We attributed the improvement of the efficiency to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by the 3-D network of AgNSs, which enhanced the light harvest of active layers, increased the probability of exciton generation and dissociation., Funding Agencies|NSFC|6087604660976048|Tianjin Natural Science Foundation|10ZCKFGX0190010SYSYJC2810012JCQNJC01300|Scientific Developing Foundation of Tianjin Education Commission|20100723|Tianjin Key Discipline of Material Physics and Chemistry

The enhanced performance of polymer solar cells based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend was achieved by using cesium acetate (CH3COOCs) as cathode buffer layer. Under 100 mW/cm(2) white light illumination, the device with 0.8 nm thick CH3COOCs as cathode buffer layer exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as (4.16 +/- 0.02) %. Compared to the control devices without cathode buffer layer and with LiF as cathode buffer layer, the PCE is enhanced similar to 100% and similar to 31%, respectively. The introduction of the CH3COOCs buffer layer effectively improves the photo-generated charge collection. The Kelvin Probe measurement shows that the work function of the CH3COOCs is estimated to be -4.0 eV, which has an ideal energy band match with PCBM and a good property for electron collection. The static contact angle results indicated that the CH3COOCs with the hydrophobic CH3COO- group has an improved wettability between the buffer layer and the hydrophobic organic active layer surface, resulting in better interfacial contact and reduced contact resistance. The improved performance may be attributed to the dissociation of semi-conducting CH3COOCs upon deposition to liberate Cs with a low work function, which reduces the interface resistance of the active layer and the cathode and enhances the interior electric field that may result in efficient charge transportation. Therefore, the CH3COOCs interlayer could be a promising alternative to LiF to improve the efficiency of the electron collection of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells., Funding Agencies|National Science Foundation of China|6087604660976048|Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education|209007|Tianjin Natural Science Council|10ZCKFGX0190012JCQNJC0130010SYSYJC28100|Scientific Developing Foundation of Tianjin Education Commission|20100723|Tianjin Key Discipline of Material Physics and Chemistry

ZnO is a promising material used as the electron transport layer in the inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs). However, the electrical or photoelectric properties of ZnO nanoparticles are governed by the surface states of the nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that the large number of hydroxyl (-OH) existed on the ZnO nanoparticles films have a vast impact on the performance of IOSCs with the structure of ITO/ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/MoO3/Ag. The surface hydroxyl groups depredate active layer via elevating photocatalytic activity of the ZnO, hence deteriorate the device performance. Experimental results show that hydroxyl groups can be effectively detached from ZnO film by annealing. Hydroxyl groups detach more with increasing annealing temperature, resulting in less degradation of the active layer. Therefore, the efficiency is significantly improved due to increased photo-current density and decreased series resistance of IOSCs. The best device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 3.05% after annealing at 150 degrees C.

Somatic copy number alteration (CNA) is a common phenomenon in cancer genome. Distinguishing significant consensus events (SCEs) from random background CNAs in a set of subjects has been proven to be a valuable tool to study cancer. In order to identify SCEs with an acceptable type I error rate, better computational approaches should be developed based on reasonable statistics and null distributions. In this article, we propose a new approach named TAGCNA for identifying SCEs in somatic CNAs that may encompass cancer driver genes. TAGCNA employs a peel-off permutation scheme to generate a reasonable null distribution based on a prior step of selecting tag CNA markers from the genome being considered. We demonstrate the statistical power of TAGCNA on simulated ground truth data, and validate its applicability using two publicly available cancer datasets: lung and prostate adenocarcinoma. TAGCNA identifies SCEs that are known to be involved with proto-oncogenes (e.g. EGFR, CDK4) and tumor suppressor genes (e.g. CDKN2A, CDKN2B), and provides many additional SCEs with potential biological relevance in these data. TAGCNA can be used to analyze the significance of CNAs in various cancers. It is implemented in R and is freely available at http://tagcna.sourceforge.net/.

We report the enhanced performance and stability of polymer solar cells based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend using lithium benzoate (C6H5COOLi) as cathode buffer layer between the active layer and the Al cathode. The effects of the C6H5COOLi thickness on the performance of polymer solar cell are also investigated. Under 100 mW/cm(2) white light illumination, the device with 1 nm thick C6H5COOLi as cathode buffer layer exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 3.41 +/- 0.07% and the device stability is greatly extended. Compared to the solar cell with LiF/AI cathode, the PCE is increased ca. 9.4%. Introduction of C6H5COOLi buffer layer effectively increases the shunt resistance and improves the photo-generated charge collection. The improved performance may attribute to the dissociation of semi-conducting C6H5COOLi upon deposition to liberate Li with a low work function, which reduces the interface resistance of the active layer and the cathode and enhances the interior electric field that may result in efficient charge transportion. In addition, the C6H5COOLi layer may serve as an effective oxygen and moisture diffusion barrier for the organic solar cells. Therefore. C6H5COOLi is a promising candidate as an interlayer to improve the efficiency of electron collection and to reduce the ambience influence on the stability of polymer solar cells.

Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor were fabricated and characterized. The oligothiophene derivative can absorb long wavelength photons of the solar radiation, which makes the solar cells with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1.4 have a decent short-circuit current density (12.4 mA/cm(2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.88 V) under AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is achieved, which is among the best PCEs of solution processed small molecule BHJ solar cells., Original Publication:Bin Yin, Liying Yang, Yongsheng Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Qingjin Qi, Fengling Zhang and Shougen Yin, Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on an oligothiophene derivative, 2010, Applied Physics Letters, (97), 2, 023303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460911Copyright: American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org

Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor were fabricated and characterized. The oligothiophene derivative can absorb long wavelength photons of the solar radiation, which makes the solar cells with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1.4 have a decent short-circuit current density (12.4 mA/cm(2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.88 V) under AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is achieved, which is among the best PCEs of solution processed small molecule BHJ solar cells., Original Publication:Bin Yin, Liying Yang, Yongsheng Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Qingjin Qi, Fengling Zhang and Shougen Yin, Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on an oligothiophene derivative, 2010, Applied Physics Letters, (97), 2, 023303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460911Copyright: American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org

Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor were fabricated and characterized. The oligothiophene derivative can absorb long wavelength photons of the solar radiation, which makes the solar cells with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1.4 have a decent short-circuit current density (12.4 mA/cm(2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.88 V) under AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is achieved, which is among the best PCEs of solution processed small molecule BHJ solar cells., Original Publication:Bin Yin, Liying Yang, Yongsheng Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Qingjin Qi, Fengling Zhang and Shougen Yin, Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on an oligothiophene derivative, 2010, Applied Physics Letters, (97), 2, 023303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460911Copyright: American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org

Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor were fabricated and characterized. The oligothiophene derivative can absorb long wavelength photons of the solar radiation, which makes the solar cells with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1.4 have a decent short-circuit current density (12.4 mA/cm(2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.88 V) under AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is achieved, which is among the best PCEs of solution processed small molecule BHJ solar cells., Original Publication:Bin Yin, Liying Yang, Yongsheng Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Qingjin Qi, Fengling Zhang and Shougen Yin, Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on an oligothiophene derivative, 2010, Applied Physics Letters, (97), 2, 023303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460911Copyright: American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org

The effect of cathode buffer layer on the stability of polymer solar cells with cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) as the cathode buffer layer was investigated. Compared with traditional devices using lithium fluoride (LiF) as buffer layer, the use of the Cs2CO3 layer has enhanced not only open-circuit voltages and power conversion efficiencies of the polymer solar cells due to better contact with the cathode but also the device stability. From results of stability test, we concluded that the inserted Cs2CO3 buffer layer is working as a better shielding and scavenging protector which prevents the intruding of oxygen and humidity into the active layer, thereby improving the lifetime of unpackaged devices.

Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor were fabricated and characterized. The oligothiophene derivative can absorb long wavelength photons of the solar radiation, which makes the solar cells with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1.4 have a decent short-circuit current density (12.4 mA/cm(2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.88 V) under AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is achieved, which is among the best PCEs of solution processed small molecule BHJ solar cells., Original Publication:Bin Yin, Liying Yang, Yongsheng Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Qingjin Qi, Fengling Zhang and Shougen Yin, Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on an oligothiophene derivative, 2010, Applied Physics Letters, (97), 2, 023303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460911Copyright: American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org

peer-reviewed, Introduction Epidemiological studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition associated with smoking are lacking. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome in smokers compared with non-smokers. Methods Stool samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 249 participants selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Bangladesh. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and sequenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The associations of smoking status and intensity of smoking with the relative abundance or the absence and presence of individual bacterial taxon from phylum to genus levels were examined. Results The relative abundance of bacterial taxa along the Erysipelotrichi-to-Catenibacterium lineage was significantly higher in current smokers compared to never smokers. The odds ratio comparing the mean relative abundance in current smokers with that in never smokers was 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 2.69) for the genus Catenibacterium and 1.89 (95% CI = 1.39 to 2.56) for the family Erysipelotrichaceae, the order Erysipelotrichale, and the class Erysipelotrichi ((FDR-adjusted p-values = 0.0008 to 0.01). A dose-response association was observed for each of these bacterial taxa. The presence of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly greater comparing current with never smokers (OR = 4.85, FDR-adjusted p-values = 0.04). Conclusions Our data in a Bangladeshi population are consistent with evidence of an association between smoking status and dosage with change in the gut bacterial composition. Implications This study for the first time examined the relationship between smoking and the gut microbiome composition. The data suggest that smoking status may play an important role in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially among individuals with higher levels of tobacco exposure.

peer-reviewed, The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) in both animal models and human studies. It is now generally accepted that bacteria are ubiquitous colonizers of all exposed human body surfaces, including the entire alimentary tract (5). Recently, the concept that a normal bacterial microbiota is essential for the development of inflammation-induced carcinoma has emerged from studies of well-known colonic bacterial microbiota. This review explores the evidence for a role of fusobacteria, an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium that has repeatedly been detected at colorectal tumor sites in higher abundance than surrounding histologically normal tissue. Mechanistic studies provide insight on the interplay between fusobacteria, other gut microbiota, barrier functions, and host responses. Studies have shown that fusobacteria activate host inflammatory responses designed to protect against pathogens that promote tumor growth. We discuss how future research identifying the pathophysiology underlying fusobacteria colon colonization during colorectal cancer may lead to new therapeutic targets for cancer. Furthermore, disease-protective strategies suppressing tumor development by targeting the local tumor environment via bacteria represent another exciting avenue for researchers and are highlighted in this review.