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Jiankang Xu,1,2,* Longyao Zhang,1,2,* Ping Wang,1,2 Chao Zhang,1,2 Shuqing Ji3 1Orthopedics Department, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Orthopedics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Jizhou District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Zhang, Orthopedics Department, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangchao2004.love@163.comObjective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major disabling human diseases. The related studies indicate a potential correlation between walking and OA. However, there is still a lack of evidence in genetics to support the correlation between walking and OA. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between walking and OA at the genetic level.Methods: The publicly available Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were used, with inverse variance weighting (IVW, the random-effects model) as the main analysis method, whereas MR-Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode as the secondary analysis methods. In addition, Cochran’s Q test, pleiotropy test, and MR-Egger intercept test were conducted to examine the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the outcome.Results: In the MR analysis, IVW results showed a negative correlation between types of physical activity in last 4 weeks: Walking for pleasure (not as a means of transport) and OA (KOA or HOA) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.3224, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1261 to 0.8243), and the difference was of statistical significance (P = 0.0181). Moreover, IVW results also revealed a negative correlation between types of physical activity in l

Chenyu Tang,1 Ping Lin,2 Yige Zhao,1 Panpan Wang,1 Ping Wang3 1Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gerontology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ping Wang, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Xihu Avenue No. 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13588812862, Email dermwang@aliyun.comPurpose: To summarize the clinical, histopathological and therapeutic features of senile gluteal dermatosis.Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 230 cases who visited the outpatient clinic of Hangzhou No. 3 People’s Hospital for skin lesions on the buttocks and hips from 2018.8– 2023.8 were included in the study, basic clinical information was collected, and they were subjected to physical examination of the buttocks and hips, and 36 cases were senile gluteal dermatosis, of which 7 underwent histopathological biopsy.Results: A total of 230 patients were included, of which 36 were diagnosed with geriatric buttock dermatosis, with a mean age of (84.2± 12.6) years, mean body mass index of (21.7± 3.8) kg/m2, and a male to female ratio of 2:1. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of the disease and age, gender, body mass index, sedentary time, type of chair used, and hypertension (P< 0.05). The severity of the lesions may be associated with longer sitting time and prolonged use of bamboo chairs (P< 0.05). Histopathologic changes were not specific. The skin lesions could subside after general treatment such as improvement of lifestyle, use of pressure-reducing air mattresses, salicylic acid cream, and moisturizing creams.Conclusion: Senile gluteal dermatosis is a common senile physical dermatosis, mainly manifested a

Huan-Huan Shen,1,2,&ast; Jie-Fei Peng,1,3,&ast; Ran-Ran Wang,4,&ast; Ping-Yu Wang,1,5 Jia-Xiang Zhang,1 Hong-Fang Sun,1 Yan Liang,1 Yan-Mei Li,6 Jiang-Nan Xue,7 You-Jie Li,1 Guang-Bin Sun,1,&ast; Shu-Yang Xie1,2,&ast; 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China; 2Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong, 264003, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Immune Rheumatism, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shu-Yang Xie; Guang-Bin Sun, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 535 6913010 ; +86 535 6913335, Fax +86 535 6913163, Email xieshuyang@bzmc.edu.cn; bingo@bzmc.edu.cnPurpose: The drug resistance and low response rates of immunotherapy limit its application. This study aimed to construct a new nanoparticle (CaCO3-polydopamine-polyethylenimine, CPP) to effectively deliver interleukin-12 (IL-12) and suppress cancer progress through immunotherapy.Methods: The size distribution of CPP and its zeta potential were measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS90. The morphology and electrophoresis tentative delay of CPP were analyzed using a JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope and an ul

Clouds affected by solar eclipses could influence the reflection of sunlight back into space and might change local precipitation patterns. Satellite cloud retrievals have so far not taken into account the lunar shadow, hindering a reliable spaceborne assessment of the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Here we use satellite cloud measurements during three solar eclipses between 2005 and 2016 that have been corrected for the partial lunar shadow together with large-eddy simulations to analyze the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Our corrected data reveal that, over cooling land surfaces, shallow cumulus clouds start to disappear at very small solar obscurations (~15%). Our simulations explain that the cloud response was delayed and was initiated at even smaller solar obscurations. We demonstrate that neglecting the disappearance of clouds during a solar eclipse could lead to a considerable overestimation of the eclipse-related reduction of net incoming solar radiation. These findings should spur cloud model simulations of the direct consequences of sunlight-intercepting geoengineering proposals, for which our results serve as a unique benchmark.

By using the \textit{Fermi}/GBM data of the X-ray bursts (XRBs) of SGR J1935+2154, we investigate the temporal clustering of the bursts and the cumulative distribution of the waiting time and fluence/flux. It is found that the bursts occurring in the episode hosting FRB 20200428 have obviously shorter waiting times than those in the other episodes. The general statistical properties of the XRBs further indicate they could belong to a self-organized critical (SOC) system (e.g., starquakes), making them very similar to the earthquake phenomena. Then, according to a unified scaling law between the waiting time and energy of the earthquakes as well as their aftershocks, we implement an analogy analysis on the XRBs and find that the FRB episode owns more dependent burst events than the other episodes. It is indicated that the FRB emission could be produced by the interaction between different burst events, which could correspond to a collision between different seismic/Alfven waves or different explosion outflows. Such a situation could appear when the magnetar enters into a global intensive activity period., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Clouds affected by solar eclipses could influence the reflection of sunlight back into space and might change local precipitation patterns. Satellite cloud retrievals have so far not taken into account the lunar shadow, hindering a reliable spaceborne assessment of the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Here we use satellite cloud measurements during three solar eclipses between 2005 and 2016 that have been corrected for the partial lunar shadow together with large-eddy simulations to analyze the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Our corrected data reveal that, over cooling land surfaces, shallow cumulus clouds start to disappear at very small solar obscurations. Our simulations explain that the cloud response was delayed and was initiated at even smaller solar obscurations. We demonstrate that neglecting the disappearance of clouds during a solar eclipse could lead to a considerable overestimation of the eclipse-related reduction of net incoming solar radiation. These findings should spur cloud model simulations of the direct consequences of sunlight-intercepting geoengineering proposals, for which our results serve as a unique benchmark.

The minimum variation timescale (MVT) and spectral lag of hundreds of X-ray bursts (XRBs) from soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) J1935+2154 were analyzed in detail for the first time in our recent work, which are important probes for studying the physical mechanism and radiation region. In this work, we investigate their differential and cumulative distributions carefully and find that they follow power-law models. Besides, the distributions of fluctuations in both parameters follow the Tsallis $q$-Gaussian distributions and the $q$ values are consistent for different scale intervals. Therefore, these results indicate that both parameters are scale-invariant, which provides new parameters for the study of self-organized criticality systems. Interestingly, we find that the $q$ values for MVT and spectral lag are similar with duration and fluence, respectively., Comment: accepted by MNRAS

Yufeng Liu,1,&ast; Yan Chen,2,&ast; Zhongwen Zhi,1,&ast; Ping Wang,1 Mengchao Wang,1 Qian Li,1 Yuqian Wang,1 Liandong Zhao,1 Chun Chen1 1Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223002, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurological Medicine, Siyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Siyang, Jiangsu, 223700, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chun Chen; Liandong Zhao, Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, No. 62, South Huaihai Road, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223002, People’s Republic of China, Email hongzecc@163.com; zld202109@163.comPurpose: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) usually complicates stroke and is linked to adverse prognoses. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and body weight index (TCBI) is a new and simple calculated nutrition index. This study seeks to investigate the association between TCBI and SAP incidence, along with its predictive value.Patients and Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-two patients with acute ischemic stroke were divided into SAP group and Non-SAP group. The TCBI was divided into three layers: T1, TCBI < 948.33; T2, TCBI 948.33– 1647.15; T3, TCBI > 1647.15. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between TCBI levels and the incidence of SAP. Furthermore, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was utilized to evaluate the influence of TCBI on the risk of SAP.Results: TCBI in the SAP group was markedly lower compared to that in the Non-SAP group (P < 0.001). The Logistic regression model revealed that, using T3 layer as the reference, T1 layer had the highest risk for SAP prevalence (OR = 2.962, 95% CI: 1.600– 5.485, P = 0.001), with confounding factors being controlled. The RCS model foun

Single‐crystalline inorganic semiconductor nanomembranes (NMs) have attracted great attention over the last decade, which poses great advantages to complex device integration. Applications in heterogeneous electronics and flexible electronics have been demonstrated with various semiconductor nanomembranes. Single‐crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN), as an ultrawide‐bandgap semiconductor with great potential in applications such as high‐power electronics has not been demonstrated in its NM forms. This very first report demonstrates the creation, transfer‐printing, and characteristics of the high‐quality single‐crystalline AlN NMs. This work successfully transfers the AlN NMs onto various foreign substrates. The crystalline quality of the NMs has been characterized by a broad range of techniques before and after the transfer‐printing and no degradation in crystal quality has been observed. Interestingly, a partial relaxation of the tensile stress has been observed when comparing the original as‐grown AlN epi and the transferred AlN NMs. In addition, the transferred AlN NMs exhibits the presence of piezoelectricity at the nanoscale, as confirmed by piezoelectric force microscopy. This work also comments on the advantages and the challenges of the approach. Potentially, the novel approach opens a viable path for the development of the AlN‐based heterogeneous integration and future novel electronics and optoelectronics.

Estimating robot pose and joint angles is significant in advanced robotics, enabling applications like robot collaboration and online hand-eye calibration.However, the introduction of unknown joint angles makes prediction more complex than simple robot pose estimation, due to its higher dimensionality.Previous methods either regress 3D keypoints directly or utilise a render&compare strategy. These approaches often falter in terms of performance or efficiency and grapple with the cross-camera gap problem.This paper presents a novel framework that bifurcates the high-dimensional prediction task into two manageable subtasks: 2D keypoints detection and lifting 2D keypoints to 3D. This separation promises enhanced performance without sacrificing the efficiency innate to keypoint-based techniques.A vital component of our method is the lifting of 2D keypoints to 3D keypoints. Common deterministic regression methods may falter when faced with uncertainties from 2D detection errors or self-occlusions.Leveraging the robust modeling potential of diffusion models, we reframe this issue as a conditional 3D keypoints generation task. To bolster cross-camera adaptability, we introduce theNormalised Camera Coordinate Space (NCCS), ensuring alignment of estimated 2D keypoints across varying camera intrinsics.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art render\&compare method and achieves higher inference speed.Furthermore, the tests accentuate our method's robust cross-camera generalisation capabilities.We intend to release both the dataset and code in https://nimolty.github.io/Robokeygen, Comment: Accepted by ICRA 2024

Due to the needs of road traffic flow monitoring and public safety management, video surveillance cameras are widely distributed in urban roads. However, the information captured directly by each camera is siloed, making it difficult to use it effectively. Vehicle re-identification refers to finding a vehicle that appears under one camera in another camera, which can correlate the information captured by multiple cameras. While license plate recognition plays an important role in some applications, there are some scenarios where re-identification method based on vehicle appearance are more suitable. The main challenge is that the data of vehicle appearance has the characteristics of high inter-class similarity and large intra-class differences. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately distinguish between different vehicles by relying only on vehicle appearance information. At this time, it is often necessary to introduce some extra information, such as spatio-temporal information. Nevertheless, the relative position of the vehicles rarely changes when passing through two adjacent cameras in the bridge scenario. In this paper, we present a vehicle re-identification method based on flock similarity, which improves the accuracy of vehicle re-identification by utilizing vehicle information adjacent to the target vehicle. When the relative position of the vehicles remains unchanged and flock size is appropriate, we obtain an average relative improvement of 204% on VeRi dataset in our experiments. Then, the effect of the magnitude of the relative position change of the vehicles as they pass through two cameras is discussed. We present two metrics that can be used to quantify the difference and establish a connection between them. Although this assumption is based on the bridge scenario, it is often true in other scenarios due to driving safety and camera location., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures

Large Language Models (LLMs), benefiting from the auto-regressive modelling approach performed on massive unannotated texts corpora, demonstrates powerful perceptual and reasoning capabilities. However, as for extending auto-regressive modelling to multi-modal scenarios to build Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs), there lies a great difficulty that the image information is processed in the LMM as continuous visual embeddings, which cannot obtain discrete supervised labels for classification. In this paper, we successfully perform multi-modal auto-regressive modeling with a unified objective for the first time. Specifically, we propose the concept of visual words, which maps the visual features to probability distributions over LLM's vocabulary, providing supervision information for visual modelling. We further explore the distribution of visual features in the semantic space within LMM and the possibility of using text embeddings to represent visual information. Experimental results and ablation studies on 5 VQA tasks and 4 benchmark toolkits validate the powerful performance of our proposed approach.

This paper addresses the escalating challenge of redundant data transmission in networks. The surge in traffic has strained backhaul links and backbone networks, prompting the exploration of caching solutions at the edge router. Existing work primarily relies on Markov Decision Processes (MDP) for caching issues, assuming fixed-time interval decisions; however, real-world scenarios involve random request arrivals, and despite the critical role of various file characteristics in determining an optimal caching policy, none of the related existing work considers all these file characteristics in forming a caching policy. In this paper, first, we formulate the caching problem using a semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) to accommodate the continuous-time nature of real-world scenarios allowing for caching decisions at random times upon file requests. Then, we propose a double deep Q-learning-based caching approach that comprehensively accounts for file features such as lifetime, size, and importance. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to a recent Deep Reinforcement Learning-based method. Furthermore, we extend our work to include a Transfer Learning (TL) approach to account for changes in file request rates in the SMDP framework. The proposed TL approach exhibits fast convergence, even in scenarios with increased differences in request rates between source and target domains, presenting a promising solution to the dynamic challenges of caching in real-world environments.

Variable speed limit (VSL) control is an established yet challenging problem to improve freeway traffic mobility and alleviate bottlenecks by customizing speed limits at proper locations based on traffic conditions. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have shown promising results in solving VSL control problems by interacting with sophisticated environments. However, the modeling of these methods ignores the inherent graph structure of the traffic state which can be a key factor for more efficient VSL control. Graph structure can not only capture the static spatial feature but also the dynamic temporal features of traffic. Therefore, we propose the DVS-RG: DRL-based differential variable speed limit controller with graph state representation. DVS-RG provides distinct speed limits per lane in different locations dynamically. The road network topology and traffic information(e.g., occupancy, speed) are integrated as the state space of DVS-RG so that the spatial features can be learned. The normalization reward which combines efficiency and safety is used to train the VSL controller to avoid excessive inefficiencies or low safety. The results obtained from the simulation study on SUMO show that DRL-RG achieves higher traffic efficiency (the average waiting time reduced to 68.44\%) and improves the safety measures (the number of potential collision reduced by 15.93\% ) compared to state-of-the-art DRL methods.

Video snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) aims to capture a sequence of video frames with only a single shot of a 2D detector, whose backbones rest in optical modulation patterns (also known as masks) and a computational reconstruction algorithm. Advanced deep learning algorithms and mature hardware are putting video SCI into practical applications. Yet, there are two clouds in the sunshine of SCI: i) low dynamic range as a victim of high temporal multiplexing, and ii) existing deep learning algorithms' degradation on real system. To address these challenges, this paper presents a deep optics framework to jointly optimize masks and a reconstruction network. Specifically, we first propose a new type of structural mask to realize motion-aware and full-dynamic-range measurement. Considering the motion awareness property in measurement domain, we develop an efficient network for video SCI reconstruction using Transformer to capture long-term temporal dependencies, dubbed Res2former. Moreover, sensor response is introduced into the forward model of video SCI to guarantee end-to-end model training close to real system. Finally, we implement the learned structural masks on a digital micro-mirror device. Experimental results on synthetic and real data validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. We believe this is a milestone for real-world video SCI. The source code and data are available at https://github.com/pwangcs/DeepOpticsSCI., Comment: Accepted at ICCV 2023

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a potential computational imaging technique which produces image by solving an illposed reconstruction problem from few measurements captured by a single-pixel detector. Deep learning has achieved impressive success on SPI reconstruction. However, previous poor reconstruction performance and impractical imaging model limit its real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a deep unfolding network with hybrid-attention Transformer on Kronecker SPI model, dubbed HATNet, to improve the imaging quality of real SPI cameras. Specifically, we unfold the computation graph of the iterative shrinkagethresholding algorithm (ISTA) into two alternative modules: efficient tensor gradient descent and hybrid-attention multiscale denoising. By virtue of Kronecker SPI, the gradient descent module can avoid high computational overheads rooted in previous gradient descent modules based on vectorized SPI. The denoising module is an encoder-decoder architecture powered by dual-scale spatial attention for high- and low-frequency aggregation and channel attention for global information recalibration. Moreover, we build a SPI prototype to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance. The source code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/Gang-Qu/HATNet-SPI., Comment: CVPR 2024

In this paper, we explore the potential of Snapshot Compressive Imaging (SCI) technique for recovering the underlying 3D scene representation from a single temporal compressed image. SCI is a cost-effective method that enables the recording of high-dimensional data, such as hyperspectral or temporal information, into a single image using low-cost 2D imaging sensors. To achieve this, a series of specially designed 2D masks are usually employed, which not only reduces storage requirements but also offers potential privacy protection. Inspired by this, to take one step further, our approach builds upon the powerful 3D scene representation capabilities of neural radiance fields (NeRF). Specifically, we formulate the physical imaging process of SCI as part of the training of NeRF, allowing us to exploit its impressive performance in capturing complex scene structures. To assess the effectiveness of our method, we conduct extensive evaluations using both synthetic data and real data captured by our SCI system. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach surpasses the state-of-the-art methods in terms of image reconstruction and novel view image synthesis. Moreover, our method also exhibits the ability to restore high frame-rate multi-view consistent images by leveraging SCI and the rendering capabilities of NeRF. The code is available at https://github.com/WU-CVGL/SCINeRF.

01 april 2023, Contains fulltext : 292526.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple genetic and environmental etiologies. The majority of patients are treated the same despite these differences. The cardiac transcriptome provides information on the patient's pathophysiology, which allows targeted therapy. Using clustering techniques on data from the genotype, phenotype, and cardiac transcriptome of patients with early- and end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, more homogeneous patient subgroups are identified based on shared underlying pathophysiology. Distinct patient subgroups are identified based on differences in protein quality control, cardiac metabolism, cardiomyocyte function, and inflammatory pathways. The identified pathways have the potential to guide future treatment and individualize patient care.

Background: The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution and increasing difficulty of control. However, knowledge about these traits is still limited. Results: We generated a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of A. ipsilon using PacBio and Hi-C technology with a contig N50 length of ~ 6.7 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that detoxification-associated gene families were highly expanded and induced after insects fed on specific host plants. Knockout of genes that encoded two induced ABC transporters using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced larval growth rate, consistent with their contribution to host adaptation. A comparative transcriptomic analysis between tethered-flight moths and migrating moths showed expression changes in the circadian rhythm gene AiCry2 involved in sensing photoperiod variations and may receipt magnetic fields accompanied by MagR and in genes that regulate the juvenile hormone pathway and energy metabolism, all involved in migration processes. Conclusions: This study provides valuable genomic resources for elucidating the mechanisms involved in moth migration and developing innovative control strategies.

We explore the quasiparticle model at finite chemical potential related to Ru-Keng Su's distinguished contributions to the topic. Besides, we discuss recent developments in the model, and in particular, one argues that the effective mass of the quasiparticle might attain a specific form as a function of momentum, in addition to its dependence on temperature and chemical potential. Unlike the approaches based on the properties of underlying symmetry or renormalization group, the momentum dependence emerges as a special solution to an integro-differential equation resulting from the underlying thermodynamic consistency. Moreover, this special solution to the problem is shown to be more general than previously explored in the literature. Instead of fitting to the lattice QCD data at vanishing chemical potential, in this work, we adopt a ``bottom-up'' approach by assuming some analytic ansatzes that are manifestly thermodynamically consistent. The remaining physical quantities are subsequently derived, and possible implications are also addressed., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

We briefly review the scientific contributions of the late Prof. Ru-Keng Su in his academic life. In the area of intermediate and high-energy nuclear physics, Su explored various topics in high-energy nuclear physics and particle physics, inclusively about the finite temperature field theory, effective models for nuclear and quark matter, soliton, and quasiparticle models, among others. In gravity and cosmology, Su's research primarily embraces black hole thermodynamics, quasinormal modes, cosmological microwave background radiation, modified theories of gravity, and AdS/CFT correspondence and its applications. Besides, many aspects of Su's distinguished impact on the Chinese academic physics community are discussed. We also summarize the biographical and academic career of Su. This article is an elaborated version of the memorial article that will be published in \href{https://www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry}{\it symmetry}., Comment: 10 pages and 2 figures

Changdong Wu,&ast; Ping Wang,&ast; Bin Wang, Muyesai Nijiati, Ming Hou Xinjiang Emergency Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ming Hou, Xinjiang Emergency Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91, Tian-chi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-9918563596, Email houming199@sina.comPurpose: To investigate the optimal target temperature of cooling intervention in heat stroke (HS) rats and explore the potential mechanisms of cooling intervention in alleviating heat stroke-induced damage.Materials and Methods: A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8/group), including control, HS[core body temperature (Tc)], HS(Tc-1°C) and HS(Tc+1°C) group. Heat stroke model was established in rats of HS(Tc), HS(Tc-1°C) and HS(Tc+1°C) group. Rats in HS(Tc) group were cooled to baseline core body temperature after establishing heat stroke model, HS(Tc-1°C) group to baseline core body temperature minus 1°C and HS(Tc+1°C) group to baseline core body temperature plus 1°C. We compared the histopathological changes of lung, liver and renal tissue, as well as cell apoptosis and expression of critical proteins in phosphatidylinositol 3´-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway.Results: Heat stroke caused the histopathological damage and cell apoptosis of lung, liver and renal tissue, which could be alleviated by cooling intervention to a certain extent. Notably, HS(Tc+1°C) group demonstrated a better effect on alleviating cell apoptosis although the differences were not significant. Heat stroke lead to the elevated expression of p-Akt, which subsequently induced the elevated expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, as well as the decreased expression of Bcl-2. Cooling intervention could reverse this trend. Notably, the expression level of Bax i

The endosymbiotic theory posits that ancient eukaryotic cells engulfed O2-consuming prokaryotes, which protected them against O2 toxicity. Previous studies have shown that cells lacking cytochrome c oxidase (COX), required for respiration, have increased DNA damage and reduced proliferation, which could be improved by reducing O2 exposure. With recently developed fluorescence lifetime microscopy-based probes demonstrating that the mitochondrion has lower [O2] than the cytosol, we hypothesized that the perinuclear distribution of mitochondria in cells may create a barrier for O2 to access the nuclear core, potentially affecting cellular physiology and maintaining genomic integrity. To test this hypothesis, we utilized myoglobin-mCherry fluorescence lifetime microscopy O2 sensors without subcellular targeting (cytosol) or with targeting to the mitochondrion or nucleus for measuring their localized O2 homeostasis. Our results showed that, similar to the mitochondria, the nuclear [O2] was reduced by ∼20 to 40% compared with the cytosol under imposed O2 levels of ∼0.5 to 18.6%. Pharmacologically inhibiting respiration increased nuclear O2 levels, and reconstituting O2 consumption by COX reversed this increase. Similarly, genetic disruption of respiration by deleting SCO2, a gene essential for COX assembly, or restoring COX activity in SCO2-/- cells by transducing with SCO2 cDNA replicated these changes in nuclear O2 levels. The results were further supported by the expression of genes known to be affected by cellular O2 availability. Our study reveals the potential for dynamic regulation of nuclear O2 levels by mitochondrial respiratory activity, which in turn could affect oxidative stress and cellular processes such as neurodegeneration and aging.

Yang Gou,&ast; Yongjie Tang,&ast; Shuiqing Liu, Siyu Cheng, Xiaojuan Deng, Qin Wen, Yimei Feng, Xiangui Peng, Ping Wang, Xi Zhang Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ping Wang, Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, Email wpii_2002@sina.comAbstract: The ETV6::PDGFRB fusion gene is commonly reported in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia, yet patients with ETV6::PDGFRB presenting myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms successively have not been reported. Here, we report the first case of a 35-year-old man with myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms harboring an ETV6::PDGFRB fusion gene who demonstrated poor response to imatinib. The patient was diagnosed with an ETV6::PDGFRB fusion gene myeloid neoplasm on initial diagnosis at our hospital. After 5 months of treatment with imatinib, he was diagnosed with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. ETV6::PDGFRB turned negative after increasing the dose of imatinib, but enlarged superficial lymph nodes reappeared the following year. Notably, the patient exhibited a worse response to imatinib treatment. This study describes this rare case and speculates on a possible mechanism.Keywords: ETV6, PDGFRB, fusion, myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms, imatinib

BACKGROUND: The PI3K/AKT pathway transduces the majority of the metabolic actions of insulin. In addition to cytosolic targets, insulin-stimulated phospho-AKT also translocates to mitochondria in the myocardium. Mouse models of diabetes exhibit impaired mitochondrial AKT signaling but the implications of this on cardiac structure and function is unknown. We hypothesized that loss of mitochondrial AKT signaling is a critical step in cardiomyopathy and reduces cardiac oxidative phosphorylation. METHODS: To focus our investigation on the pathophysiological consequences of this mitochondrial signaling pathway, we generated transgenic mouse models of cardiac-specific, mitochondria-targeting, dominant negative AKT1 (CAMDAKT) and constitutively active AKT1 expression (CAMCAKT). Myocardial structure and function were examined using echocardiography, histology, and biochemical assays. We further investigated the underlying effects of mitochondrial AKT1 on mitochondrial structure and function, its interaction with ATP synthase, and explored in vivo metabolism beyond the heart. RESULTS: Upon induction of dominant negative mitochondrial AKT1, CAMDAKT mice developed cardiac fibrosis accompanied by left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and ATP content were reduced, mitochondrial cristae structure was lost, and ATP synthase structure was compromised. Conversely, CAMCAKT mice were protected against development of diabetic cardiomyopathy when challenged with a high calorie diet. Activation of mitochondrial AKT1 protected cardiac function and increased fatty acid uptake in myocardium. In addition, total energy expenditure was increased in CAMCAKT mice, accompanied by reduced adiposity and reduced development of fatty liver. CONCLUSION: CAMDAKT mice modeled the effects of impaired mitochondrial signaling which occurs in the diabetic myocardium. Disruption of this pathway is a key step in the development of cardiomyopat

N6-Methyladenine (6mA) is a naturally occurring DNA modification in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Herein, we developed a deaminase-mediated sequencing (DM-seq) method for genome-wide mapping of 6mA at single-nucleotide resolution. The method capitalizes on the selective deamination of adenine, but not 6mA, in DNA mediated by an evolved adenine deaminase, ABE8e. By employing this method, we achieved genome-wide mapping of 6mA in Escherichia coli and in mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at single-nucleotide resolution. We found that the 6mA sites are mainly located in the GATC motif in the E. coli genome. We also identified 17 6mA sites in mtDNA of HepG2 cells, where all of the 6mA sites are distributed in the heavy strand of mtDNA. We envision that DM-seq will be a valuable tool for uncovering new functions of 6mA in DNA and for exploring its potential roles in mitochondria-related human diseases.

Background: The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution and increasing difficulty of control. However, knowledge about these traits is still limited. Results: We generated a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of A. ipsilon using PacBio and Hi-C technology with a contig N50 length of ~ 6.7 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that detoxification-associated gene families were highly expanded and induced after insects fed on specific host plants. Knockout of genes that encoded two induced ABC transporters using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced larval growth rate, consistent with their contribution to host adaptation. A comparative transcriptomic analysis between tethered-flight moths and migrating moths showed expression changes in the circadian rhythm gene AiCry2 involved in sensing photoperiod variations and may receipt magnetic fields accompanied by MagR and in genes that regulate the juvenile hormone pathway and energy metabolism, all involved in migration processes. Conclusions: This study provides valuable genomic resources for elucidating the mechanisms involved in moth migration and developing innovative control strategies.

The coupled vehicle-track system (CVTS) dynamics have been extensively investigated for decades. However, the calculation accuracy of prevailing vehicle-track coupling models needs to be improved in the high frequency range due to the inappropriate model simplification and neglect of material nonlinearity. In this study, we propose a refined numerical model of the CVTS that considers the nonlinear properties of the railpads and primary suspension using the fraction derivative Zener model. Furthermore, we more realistically simulate the wheelset, rail and railpad configuration with the elastic axle, solid finite element and surface-support models, respectively, and improve the computation efficiency by employing the mode superposition method. The results demonstrate that the refined CVTS model is more accurate than the classical model in simulating vehicle-track coupling dynamics above 2 kHz. In particular, there are significant differences in the dynamic response of the elastic wheelset model compared to the rigid model over a broad frequency range, with an 11% difference in the bogie acceleration response at the first dominant frequency. When the railpads are modeled using the surface-support model, the rail acceleration differences exceed 41% near 1 kHz and 44% near 2650 Hz, compared to the point-support model. Additionally, the rail response at various locations across the rail cross section can be calculated using the finite element method in this refined model. Overall. the proposed CVTS model provides high accuracy and efficiency for random vibration analysis, especially in the high frequency domain., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Railway Engineering

An analytical formula of the production cross section for $e^+ e^-$ annihilates to hadrons considering the initial state radiation is reported in the paper. Comparisons between the analytical formula and the direct integration of ISR shows good accuracy which satisfy the current experimental requirements. Besides, comparison in the cross section between the analytical formula and the calculation with ConExc Monte Carlo generator is also presented. The analytical formula greatly shorten the computing time which could be used for fitting procedure to extract the parameters of narrow charmonium resonances., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

This article presents a joint numerical study on the Multi Regime Burner configuration. The burner design consists of three concentric inlet streams, which can be operated independently with different equivalence ratios, allowing the operation of stratified flames characterized by different combustion regimes, including premixed, non-premixed, and multi-regime flame zones. Simulations were performed on three LES solvers based on different numerical methods. Combustion kinetics were simplified by using tabulated or reduced chemistry methods. Finally, different turbulent combustion modeling strategies were employed, covering geometrical, statistical, and reactor based approaches. Due to this significant scattering of simulation parameters, a conclusion on specific combustion model performance is impossible. However, with ten numerical groups involved in the numerical simulations, a rough statistical analysis is conducted: the average and the standard deviation of the numerical simulation are computed and compared against experiments. This joint numerical study is therefore a partial illustration of the community's ability to model turbulent combustion. This exercise gives the average performance of current simulations and identifies physical phenomena not well captured today by most modeling strategies. Detailed comparisons between experimental and numerical data along radial profiles taken at different axial positions showed that the temperature field is fairly well captured up to 60 mm from the burner exit. The comparison reveals, however, significant discrepancies regarding CO mass fraction prediction. Three causes may explain this phenomenon. The first reason is the higher sensitivity of carbon monoxide to the simplification of detailed chemistry, especially when multiple combustion regimes are encountered. The second is the bias introduced by artificial thickening, which overestimates the species’ mass production rate. This behavior has been illustrated by manufa, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Modeling password distributions is a fundamental problem in password security, benefiting the research and applications on password guessing, password strength meters, honey password vaults, etc. As one of the best segment-based password models, WordPCFG has been proposed to capture individual semantic segments (called words) in passwords. However, we find WordPCFG does not address well the ambiguity of password segmentation by maximum matching, leading to the unreasonable segmentation of many password and further the inaccuracy of modeling password distributions. To address the ambiguity, we improve WordPCFG by maximum probability segmentation with A*-like pruning algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved WordPCFG cracks 99.26%–99.95% passwords, with nearly 5.67%–18.01% improvement., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Cyber Security

This work addresses the contribution of the wavelength composition of the spectrum of the rail support stiffness profile to the expected long-term settlement. To that aim, purely harmonic stiffness variations of different wavelength are studied. The frequency-domain model with a double periodicity level previously developed by the first and last authors is adopted to embed the stiffness profile in one of the periodicity layers. Additional resonance velocities at which the resonance frequency of the track system coincides with the support-passing frequency or its multiples are found. The susceptibility to degradation is assessed both by quantifying the mechanical energy dissipated in the substructure under a moving train axle within one wavelength of the support stiffness variation, and the work performed by the wheel-rail contact force. It is shown that shorter wavelengths and larger standard deviations of varying ballast/subgrade stiffness result in an increasing energy dissipation in the substructure, and increase the work performed by the wheel-rail contact force, therefore leading to a reduced lifetime of the track. The energetic quantities increase for lower mean values of the stiffness profile, confirming the proneness of tracks on soft soils to degradation. The influence of varying stiffness vanishes for wavelengths of approximately 16 times the sleeper span, which is equivalent to a track length of about 10 m. High railpad stiffness values result in increased energy dissipation but the influence is limited. In general, an increasing train velocity amplifies the rate of track degradation, with no stabilizing trend in the high-speed regime (300 km/h)., Mechanics and Physics of Structures

This article presents a joint numerical study on the Multi Regime Burner configuration. The burner design consists of three concentric inlet streams, which can be operated independently with different equivalence ratios, allowing the operation of stratified flames characterized by different combustion regimes, including premixed, non-premixed, and multi-regime flame zones. Simulations were performed on three LES solvers based on different numerical methods. Combustion kinetics were simplified by using tabulated or reduced chemistry methods. Finally, different turbulent combustion modeling strategies were employed, covering geometrical, statistical, and reactor based approaches. Due to this significant scattering of simulation parameters, a conclusion on specific combustion model performance is impossible. However, with ten numerical groups involved in the numerical simulations, a rough statistical analysis is conducted: the average and the standard deviation of the numerical simulation are computed and compared against experiments. This joint numerical study is therefore a partial illustration of the community's ability to model turbulent combustion. This exercise gives the average performance of current simulations and identifies physical phenomena not well captured today by most modeling strategies. Detailed comparisons between experimental and numerical data along radial profiles taken at different axial positions showed that the temperature field is fairly well captured up to 60 mm from the burner exit. The comparison reveals, however, significant discrepancies regarding CO mass fraction prediction. Three causes may explain this phenomenon. The first reason is the higher sensitivity of carbon monoxide to the simplification of detailed chemistry, especially when multiple combustion regimes are encountered. The second is the bias introduced by artificial thickening, which overestimates the species’ mass production rate. This behavior has been illustrated by man

Jing Xu,1 Aijun Chen,1 Yuting Peng,1 Zhuyuan Wen,1,2 Kun Huang,1 Ping Wang1 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pediatric, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ping Wang, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, Email wang_ping@hospital.cqmu.edu.cnAbstract: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that manifests itself not only on the skin but also on various tissues and organs of the body. While some psoriasis co-morbidities have been investigated, little is known about its association with impairment of renal function. In 2005, the concept of psoriatic nephropathy was first introduced by Indian nephrologists, suggesting a potential relationship between psoriasis and kidney disease. Adalimumab, a fully human recombinant immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Here, we present a case of severe plaque psoriasis accompanied with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with adalimumab. Following the case presentation is a discussion of the relationship between psoriasis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) / ESRD and the possible role of biologics in psoriasis-related kidney damage. The aim of this report is to increase dermatologists’ awareness of psoriatic nephropathy as a complication of psoriasis and to raise awareness of the use of biologics in psoriasis.Keywords: psoriasis, end-stage kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, adalimumab, biologics

Jing Ma,1 Yi-Hui Hou,2 Zhe-Yan Liao,2 Zheng Ma,1 Xiao-Xuan Zhang,1 Jian-Li Wang,3 Yun-Bo Zhu,1 Hai-Lei Shan,1 Ping-Yue Wang,1 Cheng-Bo Li,1 Ying-Lei Lv,1 Yi-Lan Wei,1 Jie-Zhi Dou1 1Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jie-Zhi Dou, Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, No. 36 Nanyingzi Road, Chengde, People’s Republic of China, Email cyfydzj@126.comBackground: Microglia are closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) many years ago; however, the pathological mechanisms of AD remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether leptin affected microglia in the hippocampus of young and aged male APP/PS1 mice.Objective: In a transgenic model of AD, we investigated the association between intraperitoneal injection of leptin and microglia.Methods: We intraperitoneal injection of leptin (1mg/kg) every day for one week and analyzed inflammatory markers in microglia in the hippocampus of adult (6 months) and aged (12 months) APP/PS1 mice.Results: In all leptin treatment group, the brain Aβ levels were decrease. We found increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and microglial activation in the hippocampus of adult mice. Using aged mice as an experimental model for chronic neuroinflammation and leptin resistance, the number of Iba-1+ microglia and the levels of IL-1β/IL-6 in the hippocampus were greatly increased as compared to the adult. But between the leptin treatment and un-treatment, there were no difference.Conclusion: Leptin signaling would regulate the act

The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) contains detailed reports of adverse events following vaccine administration. However, efficiently and accurately searching for specific information from VAERS poses significant challenges, especially for medical experts. Natural language querying (NLQ) methods tackle the challenge by translating the input questions into executable queries, allowing for the exploration of complex databases with large amounts of information. Most existing studies focus on the relational database and solve the Text-to-SQL task. However, the capability of full-text for Text-to-SQL is greatly limited by the data structures and functionality of the SQL databases. In addition, the potential of natural language querying has not been comprehensively explored in the healthcare domain. To overcome these limitations, we investigate the potential of NoSQL databases, specifically Elasticsearch, and forge a new research direction for NLQ, which we refer to as Text-to-ESQ generation. This exploration requires us to re-design various aspects of NLQ, such as the target application and the advantages of NoSQL database. In our approach, we develop a two-stage controllable (TSC) framework consisting of a question-to-question (Q2Q) translation module and an ESQ condition extraction (ECE) module. These modules are carefully designed to efficiently retrieve information from the VEARS data stored in a NoSQL database. Additionally, we construct a dedicated question-ESQ pair dataset called VAERSESQ, to support the task in the healthcare domain. Extensive experiments were conducted on the VAERSESQ dataset to evaluate the proposed methods. The results, both quantitative and qualitative, demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach in generating queries for NoSQL databases, thus enabling efficient retrieval of VEARS data.

Xinmiao Hu,1– 3,&ast; Qian Wu,1,2,&ast; Qunfeng Lu,4,5,&ast; Jiangao Zhang,6 Xiaowei Yang,7 Wenjian Chen,3 Ping Wang,3 Qinglin Yu,3 Jingan Dong,3 Yan Sang8 1School of Medicine, Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 6Nantong Visionland Eye Hospital, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 7School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Nursing, Department of Computer Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Sang, Department of Computer Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13862915051, Email sangyan_cn@126.comPurpose: To identify the difficulties and burdens related to the experience of caring for children.Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in this qualitative study. Semi-structured and adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in mainland China. Interviews lasting 35– 90 minutes were conducted with 13 parental caregivers of youth with INS. The Colaizzi’s analysis was used in data analysis.Results: The mean age of parental caregivers was 40.3 ± 6.1 years, and the average caregiving year of 3.2 ± 3.3 years. Most INS patients were male (69.2%), had a mean age of 7.6 ± 4.2 years. Based on the analysis of the d

Longyao Zhang,1,2,&ast; Chao Zhang,1,2,&ast; Juntao Zhang,1,2 Aifeng Liu,1,2 Ping Wang,1,2 Jiankang Xu1,2 1Orthopedics Department, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Zhang, Orthopedics Department, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangchao2004.love@163.comBackground: With the development of population aging worldwide, sarcopenia and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), two age-related diseases, will continue to impose increasing medical and economic burdens on the society. Previous studies have discovered an association between the two, but the causality remains controversial, and it is difficult to eliminate confounding factors. Therefore, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to overcome these confounding factors and investigate the causal relationship between sarcopenia and KOA.Objective: The present work focused on assessing the causality between KOA and sarcopenia, so as to provide new strategies to prevent and treat these two conditions in clinic.Methods: We registered the title with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023421096). The two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted in two steps, with sarcopenia being the exposure whereas KOA being the outcome in the first step, and vice versa in the second step. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on low hand-grip strength (n=256,523), walking pace (n=459,915), appendicular lean mass (ALM, n=450,243), and KOA (n=403,124) were obtained from the UK Biobank. Methods such as the inverse variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median were utilized for assessing the causality of KOA with sarcopenia, an

The present study aims to add a novel data set on the incipient motion of a broader array of microplastic particles, on a live sediment bed comprised of finer sediment grains than those used by WS19. The incipient motion of 65 microplastic particle groups, having both regular (57) and irregular (eight) shapes, are investigated experimentally in a circular flume. Regular shapes considered include spheres, circular cylinders, circular disks, square plates, cubes, square prisms, rectangular prisms, tetrahedrons, and fibers. The present data set is combined with another from the literature, and the incipient motion conditions of the collective particles are systematically analyzed. After accounting for (1) differences in static friction as well as (2) hiding-exposure effects, reasonable agreement with the classical Shields curve for the incipient motion of sediments is achieved. These results provide deeper understanding of the fundamental transport properties and patterns of microplastic particles, on which is based the development of any successful management strategies.

Wave flume experiments investigating the cross-shore transport and accumulation patterns of non-buoyant microplastic particles under irregular waves propagating, shoaling and breaking on a live sediment bed are considered. Eighteen microplastic particle groups having variable shape, density and size are tested. The experiments considered a pre-developed singly-barred profile, reasonably representative of field conditions. Four different microplastic accumulation hotspots are identified: (1) the offshore toe of the breaker bar, (2) at the breaker bar, (3) the plateau region between the breaker bar and beach, and (4) the beach. The accumulation patterns primarily fall within three different particle Dean number regimes (ratio of the characteristic wave height to the product of the settling velocity and characteristic wave period). For the parameter space tested, the dominant transport direction generally depends on the importance of offshore-driving gravitational effects and onshore-driving effects associated with nonlinear wave shapes. Particle position relative to the jet of plunging breaking waves likewise plays a key role in determining the net transport direction, especially near the breaker bar. These results help to improve understanding of the transport mechanisms and accumulation patterns of microplastic particles in e.g. nearshore coastal environments is required, as a prerequisite to any successful management or mitigation strategies.

The early afterglow of a Gamma-ray burst (GRB) can provide critical information on the jet and progenitor of the GRB. The extreme brightness of GRB 221009A allows us to probe its early afterglow in unprecedented detail. In this letter, we report comprehensive observation results of the early afterglow of GRB 221009A (from $T_0$+660 s to $T_0$+1860 s, where $T_0$ is the \textit{Insight}-HXMT/HE trigger time) in X/$\gamma$-ray energy band (from 20 keV to 20 MeV) by \textit{Insight}-HXMT/HE, GECAM-C and \textit{Fermi}/GBM. We find that the spectrum of the early afterglow in 20 keV-20 MeV could be well described by a cutoff power-law with an extra power-law which dominates the low and high energy bands respectively. The cutoff power-law $E_{\rm peak}$ is $\sim$ 30 keV and the power-law photon index is $\sim$ 1.8 throughout the early afterglow phase. By fitting the light curves in different energy bands, we find that a significant achromatic break (from keV to TeV) is required at $T_0$ + 1246$^{+27}_{-26}$ s (i.e. 1021 s since the afterglow starting time $T_{\rm AG}$=$T_0$+225 s), providing compelling evidence of a jet break. Interestingly, both the pre-break and post-break decay slopes vary with energy, and these two slopes become closer in the lower energy band, making the break less identifiable. Intriguingly, the spectrum of the early afterglow experienced a slight hardening before the break and a softening after the break. These results provide new insights into the understanding of this remarkable GRB., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters on 19-Jan-2024, 11 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables

As a new member of the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) after GECAM-A and GECAM-B, GECAM-C (originally called HEBS), which was launched on board the SATech-01 satellite on July 27, 2022, aims to monitor and localize X-ray and gamma-ray transients from $\sim$ 6 keV to 6 MeV. GECAM-C utilizes a similar design to GECAM but operates in a more complex orbital environment. In this work, we utilize the secondary particles simultaneously produced by the cosmic-ray events on orbit and recorded by multiple detectors, to calibrate the relative timing accuracy between all detectors of GECAM-C. We find the result is 0.1 $\mu \rm s$, which is the highest time resolution among all GRB detectors ever flown and very helpful in timing analyses such as minimum variable timescale and spectral lags, as well as in time delay localization. Besides, we calibrate the absolute time accuracy using the one-year Crab pulsar data observed by GECAM-C and Fermi/GBM, as well as GECAM-C and GECAM-B. The results are $2.02\pm 2.26\ \mu \rm s$ and $5.82\pm 3.59\ \mu \rm s$, respectively. Finally, we investigate the spectral lag between the different energy bands of Crab pulsar observed by GECAM and GBM, which is $\sim -0.2\ {\rm \mu s\ keV^{-1}}$., Comment: submitted

The study of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and power density spectra (PDS) continuum properties can help shed light on the still illusive emission physics of magnetars and as a window into the interiors of neutron stars using asteroseismology. In this work, we employ a Bayesian method to search for the QPOs in the hundreds of X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 observed by {\it Insight}-HXMT, GECAM and Fermi/GBM from July 2014 to January 2022. Although no definitive QPO signal (significance $>3\sigma$) is detected in individual bursts or the averaged periodogram of the bursts grouped by duration, we identify several bursts exhibiting possible QPO at $\sim$ 40 Hz, which is consistent with that reported in the X-ray burst associated with FRB 200428. We investigate the PDS continuum properties and find that the distribution of the PDS slope in the simple power-law model peaks $\sim$ 2.5, which is consistent with other magnetars but higher than 5/3 commonly seen in gamma-ray bursts. Besides, the distribution of the break frequency in the broken power-law model peaks at $\sim$ 60 Hz. Finally, we report that the power-law index of PDS has an anti-correlation and power-law dependence on the burst duration as well as the minimum variation timescale., Comment: comments welcome

The minimum variation timescale (MVT) of soft gamma-ray repeaters can be an important probe to estimate the emission region in pulsar-like models, as well as the Lorentz factor and radius of the possible relativistic jet in gamma-ray burst (GRB)-like models, thus revealing their progenitors and physical mechanisms. In this work, we systematically study the MVTs of hundreds of X-ray bursts (XRBs) from SGR J1935+2154 observed by {\it Insight}-HXMT, GECAM and Fermi/GBM from July 2014 to Jan 2022 through the Bayesian Block algorithm. We find that the MVTs peak at $\sim$ 2 ms, corresponding to a light travel time size of about 600 km, which supports the magnetospheric origin in pulsar-like models. The shock radius and the Lorentz factor of the jet are also constrained in GRB-like models. Interestingly, the MVT of the XRB associated with FRB 200428 is $\sim$ 70 ms, which is longer than that of most bursts and implies its special radiation mechanism. Besides, the median of MVTs is 7 ms, shorter than the median MVTs of 40 ms and 480 ms for short GRBs or long GRBs, respectively. However, the MVT is independent of duration, similar to GRBs. Finally, we investigate the energy dependence of MVT and suggest that there is a marginal evidence for a power-law relationship like GRBs but the rate of variation is at least about an order of magnitude smaller. These features may provide an approach to identify bursts with a magnetar origin., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJS

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are energetic phenomena that have significant implications for understanding fundamental physics and the universe. Recent observations of FRB 121102, FRB 20220912A, and FRB 20201124A by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) showed high burst rates and distinctive energy distribution and temporal properties. In this study, we examine these observations to investigate the scale invariance of the waiting times between bursts for intervals longer than approximately 1 second. Our analysis revealed a unified scaling law for these longer intervals, which is similar to the behavior of solar flares. This discovery inspires us to suggest a dual analogy of the FRB scenario across the entire time intervals: with earthquake dynamics at subsecond scales and with solar flare dynamics beyond the one-second threshold. This threshold potentially aligns with the dynamic time scale of neutron star crusts, offering insight of the occurrence of FRBs into the internal processes of neutron stars.

The determination of the absolute and relative position of a spacecraft is critical for its operation, observations, data analysis, scientific studies, as well as deep space exploration in general. A spacecraft that can determine its own absolute position autonomously may perform more than that must rely on transmission solutions. In this work, we report an absolute navigation accuracy of $\sim$ 20 km using 16-day Crab pulsar data observed with $Fermi$ Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM). In addition, we propose a new method with the inverse process of the triangulation for joint navigation using repeated bursts like that from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 observed by the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) and GBM., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJS

Spectral lag of the low-energy photons with respect to the high-energy ones is a common astrophysical phenomenon (such as Gamma-ray bursts and the Crab pulsar) and may serve as a key probe to the underlying radiation mechanism. However, spectral lag in keV range of the magnetar bursts has not been systematically studied yet. In this work, we perform a detailed spectral lag analysis with the Li-CCF method for SGR J1935+2154 bursts observed by {\it Insight}-HXMT, GECAM and Fermi/GBM from July 2014 to Jan 2022. We discover that the spectral lags of about 61\% (non-zero significance >1$\sigma$) bursts from SGR J1935+2154 are linearly dependent on the photon energy ($E$) with $t_{\rm lag}(E)=\alpha (E/{\rm keV})+C$, which may be explained by a linear change of the temperature of the blackbody-emitting plasma with time. The distribution of the slope ($\alpha$) approximately follows a Gaussian function with mean and standard deviation of 0.02 ms/keV (i.e. high-energy photons arrive earlier) and 0.02 ms/keV, respectively. We also find that the distribution can be well fitted with three Gaussians with mean values of $\sim$ -0.009, 0.013 and 0.039 ms/keV, which may correspond to different origins of the bursts. These spectral lag features may have important implications on the magnetar bursts., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS

The brightest Gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, has spurred numerous theoretical investigations, with particular attention paid to the origins of ultra-high energy TeV photons during the prompt phase. However, analyzing the mechanism of radiation of photons in the $\sim$MeV range has been difficult because the high flux causes pile-up and saturation effects in most GRB detectors. In this letter, we present systematic modeling of the time-resolved spectra of the GRB using unsaturated data obtained from Fermi/GBM (precursor) and SATech-01/GECAM-C (main emission and flare). Our approach incorporates the synchrotron radiation model, which assumes an expanding emission region with relativistic speed and a global magnetic field that decays with radius, and successfully fits such a model to the observational data. Our results indicate that the spectra of the burst are fully in accordance with a synchrotron origin from relativistic electrons accelerated at a large emission radius. The lack of thermal emission in the prompt emission spectra supports a Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJL

The gamma-ray detectors (GRDs) of GECAM-C onborad SATech-01 satellite is designed to monitor gamma-ray transients all over the sky from 6 keV to 6 MeV. The energy response matrix is the key to do spectral measurements of bursts, which is usually generated from GEANT4 simulation and partially verified by the ground calibration. In this work, energy response matrix of GECAM-C GRD is cross-calibrated with Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT using a sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGRs). The calibration results show there is a good agreement between GECAM-C and other reasonably well calibrated instrument (i.e. Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT). We also find that different GRD detectors of GECAM-C also show consistency with each other. All these results indicate that GECAM-C GRD can provide reliable spectral measurements., Comment: preliminary version, will be updated soon

As a new member of GECAM mission, the GECAM-C (also called High Energy Burst Searcher, HEBS) is a gamma-ray all-sky monitor onboard SATech-01 satellite, which was launched on July 27th, 2022 to detect gamma-ray transients from 6 keV to 6 MeV, such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), high energy counterpart of Gravitational Waves (GWs) and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), and Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs). Together with GECAM-A and GECAM-B launched in December 2020, GECAM-C will greatly improve the monitoring coverage, localization, as well as temporal and spectral measurements of gamma-ray transients. GECAM-C employs 12 SiPM-based Gamma-Ray Detectors (GRDs) to detect gamma-ray transients . In this paper, we firstly give a brief description of the design of GECAM-C GRDs, and then focus on the on-ground tests and in-flight performance of GRDs. We also did the comparison study of the SiPM in-flight performance between GECAM-C and GECAM-B. The results show GECAM-C GRD works as expected and is ready to make scientific observations., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures