Search

Conductive polymer is studied intensively in the last several decades. Due to its eminent properties, such as high electronic and ionic conductivity, flexible, stretchable, easy to process and so on, it is widely employed in the flexible electronics and energy storage devices.The multichannel flexible concentric – ring dry electrodes for electrophysiological recordings is developed. Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate is utilized as the interface layer to lower the impedance and noise level. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. Build on this flexible electrode, we develope a platform to systematically study the effects of electrical stimulation upon the inflammation phase and the activation of signaling mediators. With the help of flexible electrode, this platform enable studies of in-vivo immune cell response of electrical stimulation in the molecular level. We find that low frequency electrical stimulation increase phosphorylation of Erk proteins in recruited leukocytes, identifying a signaling pathway that is activated during the healing process. Besides the application of conductive polymer in flexible electrode, we demonstrate a new type of faradaic electrode material comprised of a very narrow bandgap donor−acceptor conductive polymer in electrochemical supercapacitor. Due to its charge delocalization in the reduced state, the anode retain 90% of its initial capacitance after 2000 full charge – discharge cycles, which exceeds other n-dopable organic materials and is practical for commercial use. Redox cycling processes are monitored in situ by optoelectronic measurements due to the polymer’s electrochromism to separate chemical versus physical degradation mechanisms. Asymmetric supercapacitors is fabricated using this n-dopable polymer in combination with p-type PEDOT:PSS operate within a 3 V potential

Conductive polymer is studied intensively in the last several decades. Due to its eminent properties, such as high electronic and ionic conductivity, flexible, stretchable, easy to process and so on, it is widely employed in the flexible electronics and energy storage devices.The multichannel flexible concentric – ring dry electrodes for electrophysiological recordings is developed. Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate is utilized as the interface layer to lower the impedance and noise level. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. Build on this flexible electrode, we develope a platform to systematically study the effects of electrical stimulation upon the inflammation phase and the activation of signaling mediators. With the help of flexible electrode, this platform enable studies of in-vivo immune cell response of electrical stimulation in the molecular level. We find that low frequency electrical stimulation increase phosphorylation of Erk proteins in recruited leukocytes, identifying a signaling pathway that is activated during the healing process. Besides the application of conductive polymer in flexible electrode, we demonstrate a new type of faradaic electrode material comprised of a very narrow bandgap donor−acceptor conductive polymer in electrochemical supercapacitor. Due to its charge delocalization in the reduced state, the anode retain 90% of its initial capacitance after 2000 full charge – discharge cycles, which exceeds other n-dopable organic materials and is practical for commercial use. Redox cycling processes are monitored in situ by optoelectronic measurements due to the polymer’s electrochromism to separate chemical versus physical degradation mechanisms. Asymmetric supercapacitors is fabricated using this n-dopable polymer in combination with p-type PEDOT:PSS operate within a 3 V potential

Wound healing is a complex process involving diverse changes in multiple cell types where the application of electric fields has been shown to accelerate wound closure. To define the efficacy of therapies based on electric fields, it would be valuable to have a platform to systematically study the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) upon the inflammation phase and the activation of signaling mediators. Here, an in vivo ES model in which flexible electrodes are applied to an animal model for monitoring inflammation in a wound is reported on. Subcutaneous implants of polyvinyl alcohol sponges elicit inflammation response as defined by the infiltration of leukocytes. The wound site is subjected to electric fields using two types of additively fabricated flexible electrode arrays. The sponges are then harvested for flow cytometry analysis to identify changes in the phosphorylation state of intracellular targets. This platform enables studies of molecular mechanisms, as it shows that an application of low-frequency ES ≤0.5 Hz increases phosphorylation of Erk proteins in recruited leukocytes, identifying a signaling pathway that is activated during the healing process.

Wound healing is a complex process involving diverse changes in multiple cell types where the application of electric fields has been shown to accelerate wound closure. To define the efficacy of therapies based on electric fields, it would be valuable to have a platform to systematically study the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) upon the inflammation phase and the activation of signaling mediators. Here, an in vivo ES model in which flexible electrodes are applied to an animal model for monitoring inflammation in a wound is reported on. Subcutaneous implants of polyvinyl alcohol sponges elicit inflammation response as defined by the infiltration of leukocytes. The wound site is subjected to electric fields using two types of additively fabricated flexible electrode arrays. The sponges are then harvested for flow cytometry analysis to identify changes in the phosphorylation state of intracellular targets. This platform enables studies of molecular mechanisms, as it shows that an application of low-frequency ES ≤0.5 Hz increases phosphorylation of Erk proteins in recruited leukocytes, identifying a signaling pathway that is activated during the healing process.

The multichannel concentric-ring electrodes are stencil printed on stretchable elastomers modified to improve adhesion to skin and minimize motion artifacts for electrophysiological recordings of electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. These dry electrodes with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate interface layer are optimized to show lower noise level than that of commercial gel disc electrodes. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. This work shows a new fabrication approach to integrate and create designs that enhance spatial resolution for high-quality electrophysiology monitoring devices.

The multichannel concentric-ring electrodes are stencil printed on stretchable elastomers modified to improve adhesion to skin and minimize motion artifacts for electrophysiological recordings of electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. These dry electrodes with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate interface layer are optimized to show lower noise level than that of commercial gel disc electrodes. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. This work shows a new fabrication approach to integrate and create designs that enhance spatial resolution for high-quality electrophysiology monitoring devices.