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We investigated the potential of an extract of Lycopodium obscurum L.; stigmastane-3-oxo-21-oic acid (SA), to enhance osteogensis of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. SA at a concentration of 16 µM was found to have no significant effect upon the viability of the cells, thus concentrations of 8 µM and 16 µM of SA were used in all further experiments. Both concentrations of SA had an inhibitory affect upon alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) after 8 days incubation, however, after 16 days activity was restored to control levels. However Alizarin red S staining showed increased levels of mineralization for both concentrations after 16 days culture. Real time PCR showed inhibition of genes Runx2 and Osterix genes responsible for the up-regulation of ALP. However early time point (8 days) up-regulation of bone matrix mineralization genes OPN and OCN, and late time point (16 days) up-regulation of both Jun-D and Fra-2 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced. These results suggest a potential me-chanism of SA in enhancing bone fracture healing is through the up-regulating bone matrix minera-lization.

In this paper, an electrochemical (EC) method to activate 316L stainless steel (denoted as 316L) surface for biomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings was reported. After EC treatment, a gel-like Ca-P film with a thickness of 150 nm was generated on the stainless steel surface after treatment, which was composed of amorphous phase of calcium phosphate with a large number of crystal nuclei of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) inside. This Ca-P thin film is the main factor that causes Ca-P formation under biomimetic condition. The effectiveness of EC treatment was also compared with alkali heat (AH) pretreatment in producing biomimetic coating on 316L. A uniform Ca-P coating formed on EC treated samples after samples were immersed in saturated calcium solution (SCS) for several hours, while only some island-like deposits were found on the sample surface with AH treatment followed by immersion in SCS for several days. This work has explored a novel and effective pretreatment method to activate 316L implant surface, which can be expected to be applied to activate other metal implants.

In this paper, an electrochemical (EC) method to activate 316L stainless steel (denoted as 316L) surface for biomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings was reported. After EC treatment, a gel-like Ca-P film with a thickness of 150 nm was generated on the stainless steel surface after treatment, which was composed of amorphous phase of calcium phosphate with a large number of crystal nuclei of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) inside. This Ca-P thin film is the main factor that causes Ca-P formation under biomimetic condition. The effectiveness of EC treatment was also compared with alkali heat (AH) pretreatment in producing biomimetic coating on 316L. A uniform Ca-P coating formed on EC treated samples after samples were immersed in saturated calcium solution (SCS) for several hours, while only some island-like deposits were found on the sample surface with AH treatment followed by immersion in SCS for several days. This work has explored a novel and effective pretreatment method to activate 316L implant surface, which can be expected to be applied to activate other metal implants.

In this paper, an electrochemical (EC) method to activate 316L stainless steel (denoted as 316L) surface for biomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings was reported. After EC treatment, a gel-like Ca-P film with a thickness of 150 nm was generated on the stainless steel surface after treatment, which was composed of amorphous phase of calcium phosphate with a large number of crystal nuclei of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) inside. This Ca-P thin film is the main factor that causes Ca-P formation under biomimetic condition. The effectiveness of EC treatment was also compared with alkali heat (AH) pretreatment in producing biomimetic coating on 316L. A uniform Ca-P coating formed on EC treated samples after samples were immersed in saturated calcium solution (SCS) for several hours, while only some island-like deposits were found on the sample surface with AH treatment followed by immersion in SCS for several days. This work has explored a novel and effective pretreatment method to activate 316L implant surface, which can be expected to be applied to activate other metal implants.