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Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation of antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on the development, optimization and evaluation of antibiofilm potential of clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The optimized NE was selected through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and was found to be stable. The particle size and drug content of LFX-NE was found to be 18.84 ± 0.5 nm and 99.2 ± 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity with 16-fold and 8-fold reduction in MIC of LFX against P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. LFX-NE was able to eradicate pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition of quorum sensing activity. LFX-NE was found to be non-irritant and cytocompatible as confirmed by HET-CAM test and safety study in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This study demonstrates the potential of LFX-NE in possible treatment of non-healing wounds inflicted with bacterial biofilm.

Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation of antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on the development, optimization and evaluation of antibiofilm potential of clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The optimized NE was selected through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and was found to be stable. The particle size and drug content of LFX-NE was found to be 18.84 ± 0.5 nm and 99.2 ± 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity with 16-fold and 8-fold reduction in MIC of LFX against P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. LFX-NE was able to eradicate pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition of quorum sensing activity. LFX-NE was found to be non-irritant and cytocompatible as confirmed by HET-CAM test and safety study in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This study demonstrates the potential of LFX-NE in possible treatment of non-healing wounds inflicted with bacterial biofilm.

The interaction of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viral pathogens remains an active area of inquiry. Non-pharmaceutical interventions resulted in historically low levels of respiratory viral pathogen infection rates during 2020. In this report, we present evidence that Rhinovirus and SARS-COV-2 demonstrated a negative correlation in their distribution over a period of 98 weeks since the declaration of the pandemic. Rhinovirus infections allow a unique insight into the circulation patterns of SARS-COV-2.

The interaction of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viral pathogens remains an active area of inquiry. Non-pharmaceutical interventions resulted in historically low levels of respiratory viral pathogen infection rates during 2020. In this report, we present evidence that Rhinovirus and SARS-COV-2 demonstrated a negative correlation in their distribution over a period of 98 weeks since the declaration of the pandemic. Rhinovirus infections allow a unique insight into the circulation patterns of SARS-COV-2.

Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation of antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on the development, optimization and evaluation of antibiofilm potential of clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The optimized NE was selected through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and was found to be stable. The particle size and drug content of LFX-NE was found to be 18.84 ± 0.5 nm and 99.2 ± 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity with 16-fold and 8-fold reduction in MIC of LFX against P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. LFX-NE was able to eradicate pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition of quorum sensing activity. LFX-NE was found to be non-irritant and cytocompatible as confirmed by HET-CAM test and safety study in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This study demonstrates the potential of LFX-NE in possible treatment of non-healing wounds inflicted with bacterial biofilm.

In the recent years, the environment friendly lubricants have been using worldwide. Vegetable oils-based lubricants are the best substitute of the mineral and synthetic lubricant. In view of this present study concerns on tribological investigation of bitter almonds oil containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 as surfactant.  Four different volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) used for nano lubricant formulation and the ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 is 2:1. The tribological investigation of formulated Bitte almond oil-based nano lubricant on Four ball tribotester using ASTM 4172B. Bitter almonds oils containing 0.02 vol. fraction nanoparticles showed minimum average wear scar diameter and coefficient of friction.

In the recent years, the environment friendly lubricants have been using worldwide. Vegetable oils-based lubricants are the best substitute of the mineral and synthetic lubricant. In view of this present study concerns on tribological investigation of bitter almonds oil containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 as surfactant.  Four different volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) used for nano lubricant formulation and the ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 is 2:1. The tribological investigation of formulated Bitte almond oil-based nano lubricant on Four ball tribotester using ASTM 4172B. Bitter almonds oils containing 0.02 vol. fraction nanoparticles showed minimum average wear scar diameter and coefficient of friction.

In the recent years, the environment friendly lubricants have been using worldwide. Vegetable oils-based lubricants are the best substitute of the mineral and synthetic lubricant. In view of this present study concerns on tribological investigation of bitter almonds oil containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 as surfactant.  Four different volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) used for nano lubricant formulation and the ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles and Triton X-100 is 2:1. The tribological investigation of formulated Bitte almond oil-based nano lubricant on Four ball tribotester using ASTM 4172B. Bitter almonds oils containing 0.02 vol. fraction nanoparticles showed minimum average wear scar diameter and coefficient of friction.

Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation of antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on the development, optimization and evaluation of antibiofilm potential of clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The optimized NE was selected through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and was found to be stable. The particle size and drug content of LFX-NE was found to be 18.84 ± 0.5 nm and 99.2 ± 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity with 16-fold and 8-fold reduction in MIC of LFX against P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. LFX-NE was able to eradicate pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition of quorum sensing activity. LFX-NE was found to be non-irritant and cytocompatible as confirmed by HET-CAM test and safety study in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This study demonstrates the potential of LFX-NE in possible treatment of non-healing wounds inflicted with bacterial biofilm.

Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation of antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on the development, optimization and evaluation of antibiofilm potential of clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The optimized NE was selected through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and was found to be stable. The particle size and drug content of LFX-NE was found to be 18.84 ± 0.5 nm and 99.2 ± 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity with 16-fold and 8-fold reduction in MIC of LFX against P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. LFX-NE was able to eradicate pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition of quorum sensing activity. LFX-NE was found to be non-irritant and cytocompatible as confirmed by HET-CAM test and safety study in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This study demonstrates the potential of LFX-NE in possible treatment of non-healing wounds inflicted with bacterial biofilm.

The use of microscopic techniques for the identification of medicinal plants is one of the best practices and an important quality control tool for standardization. Stomata are important organs for the study of phylogenetic relationships including plant origin, evolution, and classification. Allium wallichii (A. wallichii) Kunth, is one of the threatened medicinal herbs having important nutraceutical, medicinal and therapeutic value. The plant is one of the neglected species of Allium and has not been thoroughly investigated pharmacognostically. Therefore, current research work was designed to investigate the stomata types, stomata number and stomatal index through quantitative microscopy. The result presented in the current research will provide a routine identification method for A. wallichii with the allied species of Allium.

We present here a new insight into the chemical reactivity and bioactivity of dopamine (DA) and gallic acid (GA) and their hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates. Our data suggest that HA-GA scaffolds are superior to HA-DA, with higher oxidation kinetics, improved tissue adhesive properties, and radical scavenging ability with a lower pro-inflammatory response.

We present here a new insight into the chemical reactivity and bioactivity of dopamine (DA) and gallic acid (GA) and their hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates. Our data suggest that HA-GA scaffolds are superior to HA-DA, with higher oxidation kinetics, improved tissue adhesive properties, and radical scavenging ability with a lower pro-inflammatory response.

We present here a new insight into the chemical reactivity and bioactivity of dopamine (DA) and gallic acid (GA) and their hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates. Our data suggest that HA-GA scaffolds are superior to HA-DA, with higher oxidation kinetics, improved tissue adhesive properties, and radical scavenging ability with a lower pro-inflammatory response.

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone (DEX) are commonly administered to cancer patients along with anticancer drugs, however, the effect of DEX on human cancers is poorly understood. In this article, we have tailored self-assembled nanoparticles derived from hyaluronic acid (HA) wherein, anti-inflammatory DEX was used as a hydrophobic moiety for inducing amphiphilicity. The HA-DEX micelles were subsequently loaded with chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX) (HA-DEX-DOX) and was utilized to deliver drug cargo to human cancer cells expressing different levels of CD44 receptors. We found that DEX suppressed the cytotoxicity of DOX in HCT116, while it synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. When we tested DOX and HA-DEX-DOX in an ex-vivo human whole blood, we found activation of complement and the coagulation cascade in one group of donors. Encapsulation of DOX within the nanoparticle core eliminated such deleterious side-effects. The HADEX-DOX also polarized bone-marrow-derived anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype with the upregulation of the cytokines TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-1 beta.

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) is important cytotoxic anti-cancer agents, are widely used to treat various solid tumours. Both may cause moderate or severe neurotoxicity, but ocular neurotoxicity is also occasionally reported. Aims and objectives: 1) To study the demography of patients presenting with paclitaxel induced maculopathy at tertiary centre, 2) Various presentation and clinical manifestation of patients. 3) Establish a specific cause-effect relationship between paclitaxel and ocular complications. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients who are aged between 30-60 year and who were prescribed Paclitaxel chemotherapy for the various carcinoma and reported to the OPD of Eye Department of Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of hospitals, Bikaner. Eye screening was done before and After chemotherapy. Visual acuity was checked and OCT was done to check any macular oedema. Result: Maximum (24%) study population belongs to 51-55 years age group and mean age of study population was 49.34 ± 8.56 years. 64% were females. 58% belongs to rural area. 22 Patients (44%) of study population had carcinoma since past 3-6 Years. Maximum study population had Breast carcinoma (54%), followed by Lung carcinoma (12%). Before paclitaxel treatment visual acuity was 6/6-6/9 in 48 eyes while 6/9-6/12 and 6/12-6/18 in 32 and 20 eyes respectively. After paclitaxel therapy visual acuity was decreased in 2 Eyes. Conclusion: CME is a complication of paclitaxel. Physician should be aware of visual complaints when prescribing paclitaxel. Prompt diagnosis and discontinuation of the drug help visual recovery.

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) is important cytotoxic anti-cancer agents, are widely used to treat various solid tumours. Both may cause moderate or severe neurotoxicity, but ocular neurotoxicity is also occasionally reported. Aims and objectives: 1) To study the demography of patients presenting with paclitaxel induced maculopathy at tertiary centre, 2) Various presentation and clinical manifestation of patients. 3) Establish a specific cause-effect relationship between paclitaxel and ocular complications. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients who are aged between 30-60 year and who were prescribed Paclitaxel chemotherapy for the various carcinoma and reported to the OPD of Eye Department of Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of hospitals, Bikaner. Eye screening was done before and After chemotherapy. Visual acuity was checked and OCT was done to check any macular oedema. Result: Maximum (24%) study population belongs to 51-55 years age group and mean age of study population was 49.34 ± 8.56 years. 64% were females. 58% belongs to rural area. 22 Patients (44%) of study population had carcinoma since past 3-6 Years. Maximum study population had Breast carcinoma (54%), followed by Lung carcinoma (12%). Before paclitaxel treatment visual acuity was 6/6-6/9 in 48 eyes while 6/9-6/12 and 6/12-6/18 in 32 and 20 eyes respectively. After paclitaxel therapy visual acuity was decreased in 2 Eyes. Conclusion: CME is a complication of paclitaxel. Physician should be aware of visual complaints when prescribing paclitaxel. Prompt diagnosis and discontinuation of the drug help visual recovery.

We present here a new insight into the chemical reactivity and bioactivity of dopamine (DA) and gallic acid (GA) and their hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates. Our data suggest that HA-GA scaffolds are superior to HA-DA, with higher oxidation kinetics, improved tissue adhesive properties, and radical scavenging ability with a lower pro-inflammatory response.

We present here a new insight into the chemical reactivity and bioactivity of dopamine (DA) and gallic acid (GA) and their hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates. Our data suggest that HA-GA scaffolds are superior to HA-DA, with higher oxidation kinetics, improved tissue adhesive properties, and radical scavenging ability with a lower pro-inflammatory response.

Alcohol abuse is a major health problem in India and world at large. For the past thirty to forty years alcohol consumption has increased tremendously. The transition to college involves major individual and contextual change in every domain of life; at the same time, heavy drinking and associated problems increase during this transition. For most students, heavy drinking and associated problems tend to peak during college amid the abundance of explicit and subtle expectations and opportunities to drink. In a few short years, the excessive drinking and concomitant negative consequences experienced by many students that would likely reflect diagnosable alcohol misuse at other points in the life span simply run their course and stop. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 140 million people throughout the world suffer from alcohol dependence. Most alcoholics develop alcoholism during adolescence. Non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted for this study to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescents towards alcoholism. A data was obtained from 60 late adolescents and the sample was selected by using convenient sampling method. The tool used for the study was structured interview schedule. The data was analyzed and interpreted by using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that among 60 adolescents, 61 percent were having moderately adequate knowledge, 31.7 percent were having inadequate knowledge and only 6.7 percent were having adequate knowledge. Out of 60 adolescents, majority of the adolescents 60 percent were having favorable attitude, 25 percent were having most favorable attitude and only 15 percent were having unfavorable attitude. Credible, evidence based educational campaigns in the mass media about the consequences of alcohol abuse have been recommended to prevent alcohol abuse amongst adolescents. Keywords: Alcoholism, Adolescent, Knowledge, Attitude.

Introduction and Aim- Traffic police personnel are suffering from many health hazards like skin irritations, varicose veins, arthropathy, photosensitivity, lung diseases, certain cardiovascular diseases, cancers etc due to their nature of duty. The aim of study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution among traffic policemen working at Udaipur District. Methods- A descriptive study was conducted in Udaipur District and sample size was 60 traffic policemen who were working at traffic intersections. Structured knowledge questionnaire, likert scale and observational practice checklist was used as tools for data collection. Results- The findings of the study revealed that most of the traffic policemen (75%) had average knowledge, 86.5% had favourable attitude and all traffic policemen had poor practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution. There was positive co-relation between knowledge & practices and attitude & practices. Place of posting and attended any educational programme on traffic pollution and its health hazards had association with knowledge of traffic policemen and no association of attitude and practice with demographic variables. Discussion- It was concluded that traffic policemen had average knowledge, favourable attitude and poor practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practices, traffic pollution, health hazards, traffic policemen

Alcohol abuse is a major health problem in India and world at large. For the past thirty to forty years alcohol consumption has increased tremendously. The transition to college involves major individual and contextual change in every domain of life; at the same time, heavy drinking and associated problems increase during this transition. For most students, heavy drinking and associated problems tend to peak during college amid the abundance of explicit and subtle expectations and opportunities to drink. In a few short years, the excessive drinking and concomitant negative consequences experienced by many students that would likely reflect diagnosable alcohol misuse at other points in the life span simply run their course and stop. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 140 million people throughout the world suffer from alcohol dependence. Most alcoholics develop alcoholism during adolescence. Non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted for this study to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescents towards alcoholism. A data was obtained from 60 late adolescents and the sample was selected by using convenient sampling method. The tool used for the study was structured interview schedule. The data was analyzed and interpreted by using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that among 60 adolescents, 61 percent were having moderately adequate knowledge, 31.7 percent were having inadequate knowledge and only 6.7 percent were having adequate knowledge. Out of 60 adolescents, majority of the adolescents 60 percent were having favorable attitude, 25 percent were having most favorable attitude and only 15 percent were having unfavorable attitude. Credible, evidence based educational campaigns in the mass media about the consequences of alcohol abuse have been recommended to prevent alcohol abuse amongst adolescents. Keywords: Alcoholism, Adolescent, Knowledge, Attitude.

Introduction and Aim- Traffic police personnel are suffering from many health hazards like skin irritations, varicose veins, arthropathy, photosensitivity, lung diseases, certain cardiovascular diseases, cancers etc due to their nature of duty. The aim of study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution among traffic policemen working at Udaipur District. Methods- A descriptive study was conducted in Udaipur District and sample size was 60 traffic policemen who were working at traffic intersections. Structured knowledge questionnaire, likert scale and observational practice checklist was used as tools for data collection. Results- The findings of the study revealed that most of the traffic policemen (75%) had average knowledge, 86.5% had favourable attitude and all traffic policemen had poor practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution. There was positive co-relation between knowledge & practices and attitude & practices. Place of posting and attended any educational programme on traffic pollution and its health hazards had association with knowledge of traffic policemen and no association of attitude and practice with demographic variables. Discussion- It was concluded that traffic policemen had average knowledge, favourable attitude and poor practices regarding health hazards management against traffic pollution. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practices, traffic pollution, health hazards, traffic policemen

Dragon fruit based ready to serve drink (RTS) was formulated using dragon fruit (60-80% v/v), grape juice (0-10% v/v) and sugar syrup (2-6% v/v). The juice concentrations were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) following box-behnken design (BBD) for obtaining blended RTS drink with higher functional and nutritional characteristics like total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenol content, colour and sensory evaluation. Results showed that there was significant (P<0.01) effect of incorporating grape juice and sugar syrup which further improved the organoleptic properties of the blended RTS.Optimum juice percentages obtained for the best blend formulation were,dragon fruit (70%), grape juice (5%) and sugar syrup (3%), respectively. The beverage was observed to be acceptable in terms of its nutritional value and overall acceptability.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complexes (NHC-Ir) were developed/found to be a highly reactive catalyst for N-monoalkylation of amides with alcohols via hydrogen transfer. The reaction produced the desired product in high isolated yields using a wide range of substrates with low catalyst loading and short reaction times.

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins.

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

New bicyclic pyridine-phosphane ligands were prepared, and their iridium complexes were evaluated in asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted olefins with non-coordinating and weakly coordinating substituents. The iridium catalysts showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity for both types of olefins., AuthorCount:4

Accurate ship navigation is very essential forsaving fuel as well time. In order to achieve accurate tracking inunmanned ship navigation various controllers like PID,Predictive and Adaptive controllers are used. Each one ishaving its own merits and demerits but the Predictive controllerprovides better tracking. The only major limitation ofPredictive and Adaptive controllers is that they arecomputationally heavy. In order to reduce the computationaltime, researches have come up with various matrix inversiontechniques [7]. In this work an attempt is made to evaluate theperformance of PID and Predictive controllers in terms oftracking efficiency and computational time. Computationalresult evaluated using mat lab shows that Predictive controllerwith matrix inversion technique provides better tracking andtakes less time.

Accurate ship navigation is very essential forsaving fuel as well time. In order to achieve accurate tracking inunmanned ship navigation various controllers like PID,Predictive and Adaptive controllers are used. Each one ishaving its own merits and demerits but the Predictive controllerprovides better tracking. The only major limitation ofPredictive and Adaptive controllers is that they arecomputationally heavy. In order to reduce the computationaltime, researches have come up with various matrix inversiontechniques [7]. In this work an attempt is made to evaluate theperformance of PID and Predictive controllers in terms oftracking efficiency and computational time. Computationalresult evaluated using mat lab shows that Predictive controllerwith matrix inversion technique provides better tracking andtakes less time.