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1. WSV2023 - The second meeting of the world society for virology: One health - One world - One virology

Author: Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S. [0000-0002-3148-6782], Murovska, Modra [0000-0003-0971-1784], Söderlund-Venermo, Maria [0000-0002-4582-8317], Vakharia, V.N. [0000-0002-0955-3010], Gladue, D. P. [0000-0002-7894-0233], Moore, Matthew [0000-0002-5393-0733], Alonso Martí, Covadonga [0000-0002-0862-6177], Abdelwahab, Sayed [0000-0002-9636-7485], Venter, Marietjie [0000-0003-2696-824X], Malik, Yashpal [0000-0002-2832-4854], Zhengli, Shi [0000-0002-7309-6838], Saxena, Shailendra [0000-0003-2856-4185], Varma, Anupam [0000-0002-6797-5748], Kuhn, Richard [0000-0003-4148-1026], Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S., Murovska, Modra, Söderlund-Venermo, Maria, Vakharia, V.N., Wilson, William C., Gladue, D. P., Moore, Matthew, Alonso Martí, Covadonga, Abdelwahab, Sayed, Venter, Marietjie, Malik, Yashpal, Zhengli, Shi, Saxena, Shailendra, Varma, Anupam, Kuhn, Richard, Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S. [0000-0002-3148-6782], Murovska, Modra [0000-0003-0971-1784], Söderlund-Venermo, Maria [0000-0002-4582-8317], Vakharia, V.N. [0000-0002-0955-3010], Gladue, D. P. [0000-0002-7894-0233], Moore, Matthew [0000-0002-5393-0733], Alonso Martí, Covadonga [0000-0002-0862-6177], Abdelwahab, Sayed [0000-0002-9636-7485], Venter, Marietjie [0000-0003-2696-824X], Malik, Yashpal [0000-0002-2832-4854], Zhengli, Shi [0000-0002-7309-6838], Saxena, Shailendra [0000-0003-2856-4185], Varma, Anupam [0000-0002-6797-5748], Kuhn, Richard [0000-0003-4148-1026], Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S., Murovska, Modra, Söderlund-Venermo, Maria, Vakharia, V.N., Wilson, William C., Gladue, D. P., Moore, Matthew, Alonso Martí, Covadonga, Abdelwahab, Sayed, Venter, Marietjie, Malik, Yashpal, Zhengli, Shi, Saxena, Shailendra, Varma, Anupam, and Kuhn, Richard
Abstract: The Second International Conference of the World Society for Virology (WSV), hosted by Riga Stradiņš University, was held in Riga, Latvia, on June 15-17th, 2023. It prominently highlighted the recent advancements in different disciplines of virology. The conference had fourteen keynote speakers covering diverse topics, including emerging virus pseudotypes, Zika virus vaccine development, herpesvirus capsid mobility, parvovirus invasion strategies, influenza in animals and birds, West Nile virus and Marburg virus ecology, as well as the latest update in animal vaccines. Discussions further explored SARS-CoV-2 RNA replicons as vaccine candidates, SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals, and the significance of plant viruses in the 'One Health' paradigm. The presence of the presidents from three virology societies, namely the American, Indian, and Korean Societies for Virology, highlighted the event's significance. Additionally, past president of the American Society for Virology (ASV), formally declared the partnership between ASV and WSV during the conference.
Published: 2024

2. The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Author: Environmental Sciences, Clements, Hayley S., Do Linh San, Emmanuel, Hempson, Gareth, Linden, Birthe, Maritz, Bryan, Monadjem, Ara, Reynolds, Chevonne, Siebert, Frances, Stevens, Nicola, Biggs, Reinette, De Vos, Alta, Blanchard, Ryan, Child, Matthew, Esler, Karen J., Hamann, Maike, Loft, Ty, Reyers, Belinda, Selomane, Odirilwe, Skowno, Andrew L., Tshoke, Tshegofatso, Abdoulaye, Diarrassouba, Aebischer, Thierry, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Alexander, Graham J., Ali, Abdullahi H., Allan, David G., Amoako, Esther E., Angedakin, Samuel, Aruna, Edward, Avenant, Nico L., Badjedjea, Gabriel, Bakayoko, Adama, Bamba-kaya, Abraham, Bates, Michael F., Bates, Paul J. J., Belmain, Steven R., Bennitt, Emily, Bradley, James, Brewster, Chris A., Brown, Michael B., Brown, Michelle, Bryja, Josef, Butynski, Thomas M., Carvalho, Filipe, Channing, Alan, Chapman, Colin A., Cohen, Callan, Cords, Marina, Cramer, Jennifer D., Cronk, Nadine, Cunneyworth, Pamela M. K., Dalerum, Fredrik, Danquah, Emmanuel, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., de Blocq, Andrew D., De Jong, Yvonne A., Demos, Terrence C., Denys, Christiane, Djagoun, Chabi A. M. S., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Drouilly, Marine, du Toit, Johan T., Ehlers Smith, David A., Ehlers Smith, Yvette C., Eiseb, Seth J., Fashing, Peter J., Ferguson, Adam W., Fernández-García, José M., Finckh, Manfred, Fischer, Claude, Gandiwa, Edson, Gaubert, Philippe, Gaugris, Jerome Y., Gibbs, Dalton J., Gilchrist, Jason S., Gil-Sánchez, Jose M., Githitho, Anthony N., Goodman, Peter S., Granjon, Laurent, Grobler, J. Paul, Gumbi, Bonginkosi C., Gvozdik, Vaclav, Harvey, James, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hayder, Firas, Hema, Emmanuel M., Herbst, Marna, Houngbédji, Mariano, Huntley, Brian J., Hutterer, Rainer, Ivande, Samuel T., Jackson, Kate, Jongsma, Gregory F. M., Juste, Javier, Kadjo, Blaise, Kaleme, Prince K., Kamugisha, Edwin, Kaplin, Beth A., Kato, Humphrey N., Kiffner, Christian, Kimuyu, Duncan M., Kityo, Robert M., Kouamé, N’goran G., Kouete T, Marcel, le Roux, Aliza, Lee, Alan T. K., Lötter, Mervyn C., Lykke, Anne Mette, MacFadyen, Duncan N., Macharia, Gacheru P., Madikiza, Zimkitha J. K., Mahlaba, Themb’alilahlwa A. M., Mallon, David, Mamba, Mnqobi L., Mande, Claude, Marchant, Rob A., Maritz, Robin A., Markotter, Wanda, McIntyre, Trevor, Measey, John, Mekonnen, Addisu, Meller, Paulina, Melville, Haemish I., Mganga, Kevin Z., Mills, Michael G. L., Minnie, Liaan, Missoup, Alain Didier, Mohammad, Abubakr, Moinde, Nancy N., Moise, Bakwo Fils E., Monterroso, Pedro, Moore, Jennifer F., Musila, Simon, Nago, Sedjro Gilles A., Namoto, Maganizo W., Niang, Fatimata, Nicolas, Violaine, Nkenku, Jerry B., Nkrumah, Evans E., Nono, Gonwouo L., Norbert, Mulavwa M., Nowak, Katarzyna, Obitte, Benneth C., Okoni-Williams, Arnold D., Onongo, Jonathan, O’Riain, M. Justin, Osinubi, Samuel T., Parker, Daniel M., Parrini, Francesca, Peel, Mike J. S., Penner, Johannes, Pietersen, Darren W., Plumptre, Andrew J., Ponsonby, Damian W., Porembski, Stefan, Power, R. John, Radloff, Frans G. T., Rambau, Ramugondo V., Ramesh, Tharmalingam, Richards, Leigh R., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rollinson, Dominic P., Rovero, Francesco, Saleh, Mostafa A., Schmiedel, Ute, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Scholte, Paul, Serfass, Thomas L., Shapiro, Julie Teresa, Shema, Sidney, Siebert, Stefan J., Slingsby, Jasper A., Sliwa, Alexander, Smit-Robinson, Hanneline A., Sogbohossou, Etotepe A., Somers, Michael J., Spawls, Stephen, Streicher, Jarryd P., Swanepoel, Lourens, Tanshi, Iroro, Taylor, Peter J., Taylor, William A., te Beest, Mariska, Telfer, Paul T., Thompson, Dave I., Tobi, Elie, Tolley, Krystal A., Turner, Andrew A., Twine, Wayne, Van Cakenberghe, Victor, Van de Perre, Frederik, van der Merwe, Helga, van Niekerk, Chris J. G., van Wyk, Pieter C. V., Venter, Jan A., Verburgt, Luke, Veron, Geraldine, Vetter, Susanne, Vorontsova, Maria S., Wagner, Thomas C., Webala, Paul W., Weber, Natalie, Weier, Sina M., White, Paula A., Whitecross, Melissa A., Wigley, Benjamin J., Willems, Frank J., Winterbach, Christiaan W., Woodhouse, Galena M., Environmental Sciences, Clements, Hayley S., Do Linh San, Emmanuel, Hempson, Gareth, Linden, Birthe, Maritz, Bryan, Monadjem, Ara, Reynolds, Chevonne, Siebert, Frances, Stevens, Nicola, Biggs, Reinette, De Vos, Alta, Blanchard, Ryan, Child, Matthew, Esler, Karen J., Hamann, Maike, Loft, Ty, Reyers, Belinda, Selomane, Odirilwe, Skowno, Andrew L., Tshoke, Tshegofatso, Abdoulaye, Diarrassouba, Aebischer, Thierry, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Alexander, Graham J., Ali, Abdullahi H., Allan, David G., Amoako, Esther E., Angedakin, Samuel, Aruna, Edward, Avenant, Nico L., Badjedjea, Gabriel, Bakayoko, Adama, Bamba-kaya, Abraham, Bates, Michael F., Bates, Paul J. J., Belmain, Steven R., Bennitt, Emily, Bradley, James, Brewster, Chris A., Brown, Michael B., Brown, Michelle, Bryja, Josef, Butynski, Thomas M., Carvalho, Filipe, Channing, Alan, Chapman, Colin A., Cohen, Callan, Cords, Marina, Cramer, Jennifer D., Cronk, Nadine, Cunneyworth, Pamela M. K., Dalerum, Fredrik, Danquah, Emmanuel, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., de Blocq, Andrew D., De Jong, Yvonne A., Demos, Terrence C., Denys, Christiane, Djagoun, Chabi A. M. S., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Drouilly, Marine, du Toit, Johan T., Ehlers Smith, David A., Ehlers Smith, Yvette C., Eiseb, Seth J., Fashing, Peter J., Ferguson, Adam W., Fernández-García, José M., Finckh, Manfred, Fischer, Claude, Gandiwa, Edson, Gaubert, Philippe, Gaugris, Jerome Y., Gibbs, Dalton J., Gilchrist, Jason S., Gil-Sánchez, Jose M., Githitho, Anthony N., Goodman, Peter S., Granjon, Laurent, Grobler, J. Paul, Gumbi, Bonginkosi C., Gvozdik, Vaclav, Harvey, James, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hayder, Firas, Hema, Emmanuel M., Herbst, Marna, Houngbédji, Mariano, Huntley, Brian J., Hutterer, Rainer, Ivande, Samuel T., Jackson, Kate, Jongsma, Gregory F. M., Juste, Javier, Kadjo, Blaise, Kaleme, Prince K., Kamugisha, Edwin, Kaplin, Beth A., Kato, Humphrey N., Kiffner, Christian, Kimuyu, Duncan M., Kityo, Robert M., Kouamé, N’goran G., Kouete T, Marcel, le Roux, Aliza, Lee, Alan T. K., Lötter, Mervyn C., Lykke, Anne Mette, MacFadyen, Duncan N., Macharia, Gacheru P., Madikiza, Zimkitha J. K., Mahlaba, Themb’alilahlwa A. M., Mallon, David, Mamba, Mnqobi L., Mande, Claude, Marchant, Rob A., Maritz, Robin A., Markotter, Wanda, McIntyre, Trevor, Measey, John, Mekonnen, Addisu, Meller, Paulina, Melville, Haemish I., Mganga, Kevin Z., Mills, Michael G. L., Minnie, Liaan, Missoup, Alain Didier, Mohammad, Abubakr, Moinde, Nancy N., Moise, Bakwo Fils E., Monterroso, Pedro, Moore, Jennifer F., Musila, Simon, Nago, Sedjro Gilles A., Namoto, Maganizo W., Niang, Fatimata, Nicolas, Violaine, Nkenku, Jerry B., Nkrumah, Evans E., Nono, Gonwouo L., Norbert, Mulavwa M., Nowak, Katarzyna, Obitte, Benneth C., Okoni-Williams, Arnold D., Onongo, Jonathan, O’Riain, M. Justin, Osinubi, Samuel T., Parker, Daniel M., Parrini, Francesca, Peel, Mike J. S., Penner, Johannes, Pietersen, Darren W., Plumptre, Andrew J., Ponsonby, Damian W., Porembski, Stefan, Power, R. John, Radloff, Frans G. T., Rambau, Ramugondo V., Ramesh, Tharmalingam, Richards, Leigh R., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rollinson, Dominic P., Rovero, Francesco, Saleh, Mostafa A., Schmiedel, Ute, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Scholte, Paul, Serfass, Thomas L., Shapiro, Julie Teresa, Shema, Sidney, Siebert, Stefan J., Slingsby, Jasper A., Sliwa, Alexander, Smit-Robinson, Hanneline A., Sogbohossou, Etotepe A., Somers, Michael J., Spawls, Stephen, Streicher, Jarryd P., Swanepoel, Lourens, Tanshi, Iroro, Taylor, Peter J., Taylor, William A., te Beest, Mariska, Telfer, Paul T., Thompson, Dave I., Tobi, Elie, Tolley, Krystal A., Turner, Andrew A., Twine, Wayne, Van Cakenberghe, Victor, Van de Perre, Frederik, van der Merwe, Helga, van Niekerk, Chris J. G., van Wyk, Pieter C. V., Venter, Jan A., Verburgt, Luke, Veron, Geraldine, Vetter, Susanne, Vorontsova, Maria S., Wagner, Thomas C., Webala, Paul W., Weber, Natalie, Weier, Sina M., White, Paula A., Whitecross, Melissa A., Wigley, Benjamin J., Willems, Frank J., Winterbach, Christiaan W., and Woodhouse, Galena M.
Published: 2024

3. Identification and evolution of ICE-PmuST394: a novel integrative conjugative element in Pasteurella multocida ST394

Author: Roy Chowdhury, Piklu, Alhamami, Tamara, Venter, Henrietta, Veltman, Tania, Carr, Mandi, Mollinger, Joanne L., Trott, Darren J, Djordjevic, Steven P, Roy Chowdhury, Piklu, Alhamami, Tamara, Venter, Henrietta, Veltman, Tania, Carr, Mandi, Mollinger, Joanne L., Trott, Darren J, and Djordjevic, Steven P
Abstract: The emergence of macrolide and tetracycline resistance within Pasteurella multocida isolated from feedlot cattle and the dominance of ST394 in Australia was reported recently.To establish the genetic context of the resistance genes in P. multocida 17BRD-035, the ST394 reference genome, and conduct a molecular risk assessment of their ability to disperse laterally.A bioinformatic analysis of the P. multocida 17BRD-035 genome was conducted to determine if integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) carrying resistance genes, which hamper antibiotic treatment options locally, are in circulation in Australian feedlots.A novel element, ICE-PmuST394, was characterized in P. multocida 17BRD-035. It was also identified in three other isolates (two ST394s and a ST125) in Australia and is likely present in a genome representing P. multocida ST79 from the USA. ICE-PmuST394 houses a resistance module carrying two variants of the blaROB gene, blaROB-1 and blaROB-13, and the macrolide esterase gene, estT. The resistance gene combination on ICE-PmuST394 confers resistance to ampicillin and tilmicosin, but not to tulathromycin and tildipirosin. Our analysis suggests that ICE-PmuST394 is circulating both by clonal expansion and horizontal transfer but is currently restricted to a single feedlot in Australia.ICE-PmuST394 carries a limited number of unusual antimicrobial resistance genes but has hotspots that facilitate genomic recombination. The element is therefore amenable to hosting more resistance genes, and therefore its presence (or dispersal) should be regularly monitored. The element has a unique molecular marker, which could be exploited for genomic surveillance purposes locally and globally.
Published: 2024

4. No Evidence for an Association of HIV and Antiviral Treatment With Changes in Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in the Ndlovu Cohort Study

Author: Global Health team 1, Global Health, MS Interne Geneeskunde, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Verstraeten, Rita, Vos-Seda, Alinda G, Boateng, Daniel, Scheuermaier, Karine, Tempelman, Hugo, Barth, Roos E, Devillé, Walter, Coutinho, Roel A, Venter, Francois, Grobbee, Diederick E, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, Global Health team 1, Global Health, MS Interne Geneeskunde, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Verstraeten, Rita, Vos-Seda, Alinda G, Boateng, Daniel, Scheuermaier, Karine, Tempelman, Hugo, Barth, Roos E, Devillé, Walter, Coutinho, Roel A, Venter, Francois, Grobbee, Diederick E, and Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
Published: 2024

5. The Maternal Diet Index and Offspring Microbiota at 1 Month of Life: Insights from the Mediterranean Birth Cohort MAMI

Author: European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Generalitat Valenciana, 0000-0003-3652-9558, #NODATA#, 0000-0003-2602-7036, 0000-0002-6204-4864, 0000-0002-7473-5355, Cabrera-Rubio, Raúl, Pickett-Nairne, Kaci, González-Solares, Sonia, Collado, María Carmen, Venter, Carina, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Generalitat Valenciana, 0000-0003-3652-9558, #NODATA#, 0000-0003-2602-7036, 0000-0002-6204-4864, 0000-0002-7473-5355, Cabrera-Rubio, Raúl, Pickett-Nairne, Kaci, González-Solares, Sonia, Collado, María Carmen, and Venter, Carina
Abstract: Background: Maternal diet during pregnancy may play a role in infant health outcomes via the maternal microbiota. We assessed the association of the maternal diet index for the Mediterranean area (MDI-med) with infant gut microbiota at 1 month of life. Methods: The MAMI study is a longitudinal birth cohort in the Mediterranean area. In this work, a cross-sectional study, including 120 mother-infant dyads with available maternal diet and infant microbiota at 1-month-old data, was undertaken. The MDI developed in the US (MDI-US) was adapted for the MAMI cohort (MDI-med). Stratification based on extreme values resulted (22 in the "lower" MDI-med group and 23 in the "upper" group from the mean). Relative microbial abundances and alpha (microbial richness and diversity indexes) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis distance matrix) were compared between the groups. Results: Higher maternal daily vegetable intake and lower red meat intake were the characteristics of the "upper" MDI-med group. Significantly lower microbial diversity (Shannon and InvSimpson index (p = 0.01)), but no changes in richness (Chao1 index) nor in beta-diversity, using Bray-Curtis distance, were observed in the "upper" group, compared to the "lower" MDI-med group. A higher relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus (Actinomycetota phylum) was associated with maternal daily vegetable and yogurt intake. Conclusion: Reduced infant microbial diversity at 1 month of age was associated with "upper" MDI-med scores. Higher maternal intakes of vegetables and yogurt were associated with higher relative abundances of the Bifidobacterium genus in the infant gut. Further studies are needed to understand the link between pregnancy diet, infant microbiota, and health outcomes.
Published: 2024

6. TeV flaring activity of the AGN PKS 0625-354 in November 2018

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Davids, I. D., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Davids, I. D., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Most gamma-ray detected active galactic nuclei are blazars with one of their relativistic jets pointing towards the Earth. Only a few objects belong to the class of radio galaxies or misaligned blazars. Here, we investigate the nature of the object PKS 0625-354, its gamma-ray flux and spectral variability and its broad-band spectral emission with observations from H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and UVOT taken in November 2018. The H.E.S.S. light curve above 200 GeV shows an outburst in the first night of observations followed by a declining flux with a halving time scale of 5.9 h. The gamma gamma-opacity constrains the upper limit of the angle between the jet and the line of sight to similar to 10 degrees. The broad-band spectral energy distribution shows two humps and can be well fitted with a single-zone synchrotron self Compton emission model. We conclude that PKS 0625-354, as an object showing clear features of both blazars and radio galaxies, can be classified as an intermediate active galactic nuclei. Multi-wavelength studies of such intermediate objects exhibiting features of both blazars and radio galaxies are sparse but crucial for the understanding of the broad-band emission of gamma-ray detected active galactic nuclei in general.
Published: 2024
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7. Towards estimating the number of strains that make up a natural bacterial population

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Max Planck Society, Universidad de Las Islas Baleares, Projekt DEAL, Viver, Tomeu [0000-0001-8868-9292], Rosselló-Mora, Ramón [0000-0001-8253-3107], Viver, Tomeu, Conrad, Roth E., Rodriguez-R, Luis M., Ramírez, Ana S., Venter, Stephanus N., Rocha-Cárdenas, Jairo, Llabrés, Mercè, Amann, Rudolf, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Rosselló-Mora, Ramón, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Max Planck Society, Universidad de Las Islas Baleares, Projekt DEAL, Viver, Tomeu [0000-0001-8868-9292], Rosselló-Mora, Ramón [0000-0001-8253-3107], Viver, Tomeu, Conrad, Roth E., Rodriguez-R, Luis M., Ramírez, Ana S., Venter, Stephanus N., Rocha-Cárdenas, Jairo, Llabrés, Mercè, Amann, Rudolf, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., and Rosselló-Mora, Ramón
Abstract: What a strain is and how many strains make up a natural bacterial population remain elusive concepts despite their apparent importance for assessing the role of intra-population diversity in disease emergence or response to environmental perturbations. To advance these concepts, we sequenced 138 randomly selected Salinibacter ruber isolates from two solar salterns and assessed these genomes against companion short-read metagenomes from the same samples. The distribution of genome-aggregate average nucleotide identity (ANI) values among these isolates revealed a bimodal distribution, with four-fold lower occurrence of values between 99.2% and 99.8% relative to ANI >99.8% or <99.2%, revealing a natural “gap” in the sequence space within species. Accordingly, we used this ANI gap to define genomovars and a higher ANI value of >99.99% and shared gene-content >99.0% to define strains. Using these thresholds and extrapolating from how many metagenomic reads each genomovar uniquely recruited, we estimated that –although our 138 isolates represented about 80% of the Sal. ruber population– the total population in one saltern pond is composed of 5,500 to 11,000 genomovars, the great majority of which appear to be rare in-situ. These data also revealed that the most frequently recovered isolate in lab media was often not the most abundant genomovar in-situ, suggesting that cultivation biases are significant, even in cases that cultivation procedures are thought to be robust. The methodology and ANI thresholds outlined here should represent a useful guide for future microdiversity surveys of additional microbial species.
Published: 2024

8. An ANI gap within bacterial species that advances the definitions of intra-species units

Author: National Science Foundation (US), Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), University of Innsbruck, Viver, Tomeu [0000-0001-8868-9292], Rosselló-Mora, Ramón [0000-0001-8253-3107], Rodriguez-R, Luis M., Conrad, Roth E., Viver, Tomeu, Feistel, Dorian J., Lindner, Blake G., Venter, Stephanus N., Orellana, Luis H., Amann, Rudolf, Rosselló-Mora, Ramón, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., National Science Foundation (US), Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), University of Innsbruck, Viver, Tomeu [0000-0001-8868-9292], Rosselló-Mora, Ramón [0000-0001-8253-3107], Rodriguez-R, Luis M., Conrad, Roth E., Viver, Tomeu, Feistel, Dorian J., Lindner, Blake G., Venter, Stephanus N., Orellana, Luis H., Amann, Rudolf, Rosselló-Mora, Ramón, and Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.
Abstract: Large-scale surveys of prokaryotic communities (metagenomes), as well as isolate genomes, have revealed that their diversity is predominantly organized in sequence-discrete units that may be equated to species. Specifically, genomes of the same species commonly show genome-aggregate average nucleotide identity (ANI) >95% among themselves and ANI <90% to members of other species, while genomes showing ANI 90%–95% are comparatively rare. However, it remains unclear if such “discontinuities” or gaps in ANI values can be observed within species and thus used to advance and standardize intra-species units. By analyzing 18,123 complete isolate genomes from 330 bacterial species with at least 10 genome representatives each and available long-read metagenomes, we show that another discontinuity exists between 99.2% and 99.8% (midpoint 99.5%) ANI in most of these species. The 99.5% ANI threshold is largely consistent with how sequence types have been defined in previous epidemiological studies but provides clusters with ~20% higher accuracy in terms of evolutionary and gene-content relatedness of the grouped genomes, while strains should be consequently defined at higher ANI values (>99.99% proposed). Collectively, our results should facilitate future micro-diversity studies across clinical or environmental settings because they provide a more natural definition of intra-species units of diversity., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘María de Maeztu Unit of Excelence’ accreditation (CEX2021-001198-M).
Published: 2024

9. Unveiling extended gamma-ray emission around HESS J1813-178

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitt, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitt, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Abstract: HESS J1813$-$178 is a very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source spatially coincident with the young and energetic pulsar PSR J1813$-$1749 and thought to be associated with its pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Recently, evidence for extended high-energy emission in the vicinity of the pulsar has been revealed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. This motivates revisiting the HESS J1813$-$178 region, taking advantage of improved analysis methods and an extended data set. Using data taken by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment and the Fermi-LAT, we aim to describe the $\gamma$-ray emission in the region with a consistent model, to provide insights into its origin. We performed a likelihood-based analysis on 32 hours of H.E.S.S. data and 12 years of Fermi-LAT data and fit a spectro-morphological model to the combined datasets. These results allowed us to develop a physical model for the origin of the observed $\gamma$-ray emission in the region. In addition to the compact very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission centered on the pulsar, we find a significant yet previously undetected component along the Galactic plane. With Fermi-LAT data, we confirm extended high-energy emission consistent with the position and elongation of the extended emission observed with H.E.S.S. These results establish a consistent description of the emission in the region from GeV energies to several tens of TeV. This study suggests that HESS J1813$-$178 is associated with a $\gamma$-ray PWN powered by PSR J1813$-$1749. A possible origin of the extended emission component is inverse Compton emission from electrons and positrons that have escaped the confines of the pulsar and form a halo around the PWN., Comment: 13+5 pages, 13+11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: T.Wach, A.Mitchell, V.Joshi, P.Chamb\'ery
Published: 2024

10. Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Filipović, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Harding, A., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Filipović, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., and Harding, A.
Abstract: The Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy $\gamma$ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula's $\gamma$-ray emission between 1 GeV and $\sim$100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package Gammapy, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing $\gamma$-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties., Comment: 18+6 pages, 15+2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: M. Meyer, L. Mohrmann, T. Unbehaun. v2: after A&A language editing
Published: 2024

11. Curvature in the very-high energy gamma-ray spectrum of M87

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bulik C., Bylund, T., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Collins, T., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Fegan, S., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Lypova, I., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Pensec, U., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zilberman, P., Zywucka, N., Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bulik C., Bylund, T., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Collins, T., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Fegan, S., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Lypova, I., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Pensec, U., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zilberman, P., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: The radio galaxy M87 is a variable very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray source, exhibiting three major flares reported in 2005, 2008, and 2010. Despite extensive studies, the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission is yet to be understood. In this study, we investigate the VHE gamma-ray spectrum of M87 during states of high gamma-ray activity, utilizing 20.2$\,$ hours the H.E.S.S. observations. Our findings indicate a preference for a curved spectrum, characterized by a log-parabola model with extra-galactic background light (EBL) model above 0.3$\,$TeV at the 4$\sigma$ level, compared to a power-law spectrum with EBL. We investigate the degeneracy between the absorption feature and the EBL normalization and derive upper limits on EBL models mainly sensitive in the wavelength range 12.4$\,$$\mu$m - 40$\,$$\mu$m., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Victor Barbosa Martins, Rahul Cecil, Iryna Lypova, Manuel Meyer, Perri Zilberman. Supplementary material: https://zenodo.org/records/10781524
Published: 2024

12. Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaou, M., Breuhau, M., Brose, R., Brown, A. M., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzman, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaou, M., Breuhau, M., Brose, R., Brown, A. M., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzman, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Abstract: SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system with collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), finding an energy-dependent shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission of the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate the gamma rays are produced by inverse-Compton scattering. Modelling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs and conclude that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons., Comment: Submitted 20th Apr. 2023, published 25th January 2024 (accepted version)
Published: 2024
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13. Trends in body mass index in the pre-dolutegravir period in South Africa

Author: MS Reumatologie/Immunologie/Infectie, MS Interne Geneeskunde, Global Health, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Global Health team 1, Ginkel, Florian van, Barth, Roos, Tempelman, Hugo, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, Grobbee, Diederick, Scheuermaier, Karine, Venter, Francois, Vos-Seda, Alinda, MS Reumatologie/Immunologie/Infectie, MS Interne Geneeskunde, Global Health, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Global Health team 1, Ginkel, Florian van, Barth, Roos, Tempelman, Hugo, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, Grobbee, Diederick, Scheuermaier, Karine, Venter, Francois, and Vos-Seda, Alinda
Published: 2024

14. TeV flaring activity of the AGN PKS 0625-354 in November 2018

Author: Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Davids, I. D., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Kh'elifi, B., z, niak, Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., L., Stawarz, Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Davids, I. D., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Kh'elifi, B., z, niak, Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., L., Stawarz, Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.
Abstract: Most $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei are blazars with one of their relativistic jets pointing towards the Earth. Only a few objects belong to the class of radio galaxies or misaligned blazars. Here, we investigate the nature of the object PKS 0625-354, its $\gamma$-ray flux and spectral variability and its broad-band spectral emission with observations from H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and UVOT taken in November 2018. The H.E.S.S. light curve above 200 GeV shows an outburst in the first night of observations followed by a declining flux with a halving time scale of 5.9h. The $\gamma\gamma$-opacity constrains the upper limit of the angle between the jet and the line of sight to $\sim10^\circ$. The broad-band spectral energy distribution shows two humps and can be well fitted with a single-zone synchrotron self Compton emission model. We conclude that PKS 0625-354, as an object showing clear features of both blazars and radio galaxies, can be classified as an intermediate active galactic nuclei. Multi-wavelength studies of such intermediate objects exhibiting features of both blazars and radio galaxies are sparse but crucial for the understanding of the broad-band emission of $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei in general., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2024

15. Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of a New Enhanced Monofocal IOL and a Conventional Monofocal IOL

Author: Dell,Steven, Hannan,Stephen, Venter,Jan, Teenan,David, Hannan,Noelle, Raju,Dasi, Berry,Colin, Kiss,Huba, Schallhorn,Julie, Dell,Steven, Hannan,Stephen, Venter,Jan, Teenan,David, Hannan,Noelle, Raju,Dasi, Berry,Colin, Kiss,Huba, and Schallhorn,Julie
Abstract: Steven J Dell,1 Stephen J Hannan,2 Jan A Venter,2 David Teenan,2 Noelle C Hannan,2 Dasi Raju,2 Colin W Berry,2 Huba J Kiss,2 Julie M Schallhorn3,4 1Dell Laser Consultants, Austin, TX, USA; 2Optical Express, Glasgow, UK; 3University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA; 4F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Steven J Dell, Dell Laser Consultants, 901 Mopac Expressway South, Barton Oaks Plaza IV, Suite 350, Austin, TX, 78746, USA, Email steven@dellmd.comPurpose: To compare the outcomes of the Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 IOL, designed to enhance intermediate vision, to a conventional Tecnis Monofocal ZCB00 IOL.Methods: This retrospective analysis compared two cohorts of patients undergoing lens replacement surgery with bilateral implantation of the Tecnis ICB00 or the Tecnis ZCB00 IOL (383 patients in each group). Monocular and binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA; 66cm), and near (UNVA; 40cm) visual acuities, refractive predictability, and patient-reported outcomes were compared. A sub-analysis of patients with the Eyhance IOL was performed to compare patients who achieved bilateral emmetropia to those with mini-monovision. One-month postoperative outcomes were analyzed.Results: Both groups had comparable UDVA outcomes. On average, both monocular and binocular UIVAs were approximately one Snellen line better in patients implanted with Eyhance IOL (monocular UIVA: ICB00 0.23 Â± 0.18 logMAR, ZCB00 0.33 Â± 0.19 logMAR; binocular UIVA: ICB00 0.18 Â± 0.18 logMAR, ZCB00 0.26 Â± 0.20 logMAR, p < 0.01). Likewise, the mean UNVA was also one Snellen line better with the ICB00 model (monocular UNVA: ICB00 0.51 Â± 0.20 logMAR, ZCB00 0.61 Â± 0.18 logMAR; binocular UNVA: ICB00 0.42 Â± 0.19 logMAR, ZCB00 0.51 Â± 0.22 logMAR, p < 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in overall satisfaction or visual phenomena. A subgroup of patients who achieved mini-mo
Published: 2024

16. Uncertainty quantification for probabilistic machine learning in earth observation using conformal prediction

Author: Singh, Geethen, Moncrieff, Glenn, Venter, Zander, Cawse-Nicholson, Kerry, Slingsby, Jasper, Robinson, Tamara B, Singh, Geethen, Moncrieff, Glenn, Venter, Zander, Cawse-Nicholson, Kerry, Slingsby, Jasper, and Robinson, Tamara B
Abstract: Unreliable predictions can occur when using artificial intelligence (AI) systems with negative consequences for downstream applications, particularly when employed for decision-making. Conformal prediction provides a model-agnostic framework for uncertainty quantification that can be applied to any dataset, irrespective of its distribution, post hoc. In contrast to other pixel-level uncertainty quantification methods, conformal prediction operates without requiring access to the underlying model and training dataset, concurrently offering statistically valid and informative prediction regions, all while maintaining computational efficiency. In response to the increased need to report uncertainty alongside point predictions, we bring attention to the promise of conformal prediction within the domain of Earth Observation (EO) applications. To accomplish this, we assess the current state of uncertainty quantification in the EO domain and found that only 20% of the reviewed Google Earth Engine (GEE) datasets incorporated a degree of uncertainty information, with unreliable methods prevalent. Next, we introduce modules that seamlessly integrate into existing GEE predictive modelling workflows and demonstrate the application of these tools for datasets spanning local to global scales, including the Dynamic World and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) datasets. These case studies encompass regression and classification tasks, featuring both traditional and deep learning-based workflows. Subsequently, we discuss the opportunities arising from the use of conformal prediction in EO. We anticipate that the increased availability of easy-to-use implementations of conformal predictors, such as those provided here, will drive wider adoption of rigorous uncertainty quantification in EO, thereby enhancing the reliability of uses such as operational monitoring and decision making.
Published: 2024

17. Zum Transportverhalten von Ionischen Flüssigkeiten in Papier

Author: Venter, Tizian and Venter, Tizian
Abstract: Eine gezielte Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen von IL und der Papiergrenzfläche in Hinblick auf den Kapillarfluss und der Einsatz von IL als Transportmedium in mikrofluidischen Papieren ist bisher nicht bekannt. Für den gezielten Einsatz von IL in elektrochemischen Sensoren auf Basis von mikrofluidischen Papieren ist es essentiell zu verstehen, welche Papier-intrinsischen und Papier-extrinsischen Faktoren sich wie auf den Fluidtransport auswirken und wie sich der Kapillarfluss gezielt steuern und (mit Barrieren) lenken lässt. Für Wasser sind solche Aspekte bereits gut verstanden.
Published: 2024

18. Ransomware Detection and Classification Using Random Forest: A Case Study with the UGRansome2024 Dataset

Author: Azugo, Peace, Venter, Hein, Nkongolo, Mike Wa, Azugo, Peace, Venter, Hein, and Nkongolo, Mike Wa
Abstract: Cybersecurity faces challenges in identifying and mitigating ransomware, which is important for protecting critical infrastructures. The absence of datasets for distinguishing normal versus abnormal network behaviour hinders the development of proactive detection strategies against ransomware. An obstacle in proactive prevention methods is the absence of comprehensive datasets for contrasting normal versus abnormal network behaviours. The dataset enabling such contrasts would significantly expedite threat anomaly mitigation. In this study, we introduce UGRansome2024, an optimised dataset for ransomware detection in network traffic. This dataset is derived from the UGRansome data using an intuitionistic feature engineering approach that considers only relevant patterns in network behaviour analysis. The study presents an analysis of ransomware detection using the UGRansome2024 dataset and the Random Forest algorithm. Through encoding and feature relevance determination, the Random Forest achieved a classification accuracy of 96% and effectively identified unusual ransomware transactions. Findings indicate that certain ransomware variants, such as those utilising Encrypt Decrypt Algorithms (EDA) and Globe ransomware, have the highest financial impact. These insights have significant implications for real-world cybersecurity practices, highlighting the importance of machine learning in ransomware detection and mitigation. Further research is recommended to expand datasets, explore alternative detection methods, and address limitations in current approaches.
Published: 2024

19. Zum Transportverhalten von Ionischen Flüssigkeiten in Papier

Author: Venter, Tizian and Venter, Tizian
Abstract: Eine gezielte Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen von IL und der Papiergrenzfläche in Hinblick auf den Kapillarfluss und der Einsatz von IL als Transportmedium in mikrofluidischen Papieren ist bisher nicht bekannt. Für den gezielten Einsatz von IL in elektrochemischen Sensoren auf Basis von mikrofluidischen Papieren ist es essentiell zu verstehen, welche Papier-intrinsischen und Papier-extrinsischen Faktoren sich wie auf den Fluidtransport auswirken und wie sich der Kapillarfluss gezielt steuern und (mit Barrieren) lenken lässt. Für Wasser sind solche Aspekte bereits gut verstanden.
Published: 2024

20. Zum Transportverhalten von Ionischen Flüssigkeiten in Papier

Author: Venter, Tizian and Venter, Tizian
Abstract: Eine gezielte Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen von IL und der Papiergrenzfläche in Hinblick auf den Kapillarfluss und der Einsatz von IL als Transportmedium in mikrofluidischen Papieren ist bisher nicht bekannt. Für den gezielten Einsatz von IL in elektrochemischen Sensoren auf Basis von mikrofluidischen Papieren ist es essentiell zu verstehen, welche Papier-intrinsischen und Papier-extrinsischen Faktoren sich wie auf den Fluidtransport auswirken und wie sich der Kapillarfluss gezielt steuern und (mit Barrieren) lenken lässt. Für Wasser sind solche Aspekte bereits gut verstanden.
Published: 2024

21. The SARAO MeerKAT 1.3 GHz Galactic Plane Survey

Author: Goedhart, S., Cotton, W. D., Camilo, F., Thompson, M. A., Umana, G., Bietenholz, M., Woudt, P. A., Anderson, L. D., Bordiu, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Buemi, C. S., Bufano, F., Cavallaro, F., Chen, H., Chibueze, J. O., Egbo, D., Frank, B. S., Hoare, M. G., Ingallinera, A., Irabor, T., Kraan-Korteweg, R. C., Kurapati, S., Leto, P., Loru, S., Mutale, M., Obonyo, W. O., Plavin, A., Rajohnson, S. H. A., Rigby, A., Riggi, S., Seidu, M., Serra, P., Smart, B. M., Stappers, B. W., Steyn, N., Surnis, M., Trigilio, C., Williams, G. M., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Asad, K. M. B., Baloyi, T., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennet, T. G. H., Bester, H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., Cloete, K., de Villiers, M. S., de Villiers, D. I. L., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., Fourie, D. J., Gamatham, R. R. G., Gatsi, T. G., Geyer, M., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Heywood, I., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horn, D. M., Horrell, L. M. G., Hugo, B. V., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Jordaan, J. D. B. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Kusel, T. W., Legodi, L. S., Lehmensiek, R., Lord, R. T., Macfarlane, P. S., Magnus, L. G., Magozore, C., Main, J. P. L., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Maree, M. D. J., Martens, A., Maruping, P., McAlpine, K., Merry, B. C., Mgodeli, M., Millenaar, R. P., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Nicolson, G. D., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ratcliffe, S. M., Renil, R., Richter, L. L., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M. J., Smirnov, O. M., Tiplady, A. J., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., Van Tonder, V., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Welz, M. G., Williams, L. P., Goedhart, S., Cotton, W. D., Camilo, F., Thompson, M. A., Umana, G., Bietenholz, M., Woudt, P. A., Anderson, L. D., Bordiu, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Buemi, C. S., Bufano, F., Cavallaro, F., Chen, H., Chibueze, J. O., Egbo, D., Frank, B. S., Hoare, M. G., Ingallinera, A., Irabor, T., Kraan-Korteweg, R. C., Kurapati, S., Leto, P., Loru, S., Mutale, M., Obonyo, W. O., Plavin, A., Rajohnson, S. H. A., Rigby, A., Riggi, S., Seidu, M., Serra, P., Smart, B. M., Stappers, B. W., Steyn, N., Surnis, M., Trigilio, C., Williams, G. M., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Asad, K. M. B., Baloyi, T., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennet, T. G. H., Bester, H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., Cloete, K., de Villiers, M. S., de Villiers, D. I. L., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., Fourie, D. J., Gamatham, R. R. G., Gatsi, T. G., Geyer, M., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Heywood, I., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horn, D. M., Horrell, L. M. G., Hugo, B. V., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Jordaan, J. D. B. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Kusel, T. W., Legodi, L. S., Lehmensiek, R., Lord, R. T., Macfarlane, P. S., Magnus, L. G., Magozore, C., Main, J. P. L., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Maree, M. D. J., Martens, A., Maruping, P., McAlpine, K., Merry, B. C., Mgodeli, M., Millenaar, R. P., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Nicolson, G. D., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ratcliffe, S. M., Renil, R., Richter, L. L., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M. J., Smirnov, O. M., Tiplady, A. J., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., Van Tonder, V., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Welz, M. G., and Williams, L. P.
Abstract: We present the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), a 1.3 GHz continuum survey of almost half of the Galactic Plane (251\deg $\le l \le$ 358\deg and 2\deg $\le l \le$ 61\deg at $|b| \le 1.5\deg $). SMGPS is the largest, most sensitive and highest angular resolution 1 GHz survey of the Plane yet carried out, with an angular resolution of 8" and a broadband RMS sensitivity of $\sim$10--20 $\mu$ Jy/beam. Here we describe the first publicly available data release from SMGPS which comprises data cubes of frequency-resolved images over 908--1656 MHz, power law fits to the images, and broadband zeroth moment integrated intensity images. A thorough assessment of the data quality and guidance for future usage of the data products are given. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential of SMGPS by showcasing highlights of the Galactic and extragalactic science that it permits. These highlights include the discovery of a new population of non-thermal radio filaments; identification of new candidate supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and planetary nebulae; improved radio/mid-IR classification of rare Luminous Blue Variables and discovery of associated extended radio nebulae; new radio stars identified by Bayesian cross-matching techniques; the realisation that many of the largest radio-quiet WISE HII region candidates are not true HII regions; and a large sample of previously undiscovered background HI galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. Comments are welcome. The data release will be publicly available on acceptance of the paper
Published: 2023

22. The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic

Author: Heywood, I., Rammala, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Adams, G., Aldera, M. A., Asad, K. M. B., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennett, T. G. H., Bester, H. L., Bode, W. A., Botha, D. H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., de Villiers, D. I. L., Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M. A., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., February, S., Fourie, D. J., Frank, B. S., Gamatham, R. R. G., Geyer, M., Goedhart, S., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Hlakola, M. J., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horrell, J. M. G., Hugo, B., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kenyon, J. S., Kotzé, P. P. A., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Lehmensiek, R., Liebenberg, D., Lord, R. T., Lunsky, B. M., Madisa, K., Magnus, L. G., Mahgoub, O., Makhaba, A., Makhathini, S., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Martens, A., Mauch, T., Merry, B. C., Millenaar, R. P., Mnyandu, N., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., Mphego, M. C., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Otto, A. J., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ramanujam, N. M. R., Ramudzuli, Z. R., Ratcliffe, S. M., Robyntjies, A., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M., Smirnov, O. M., Sofeya, L., Taljaard, B., Tasse, C., Tiplady, A. J., Toruvanda, O., Twum, S. N., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., van der Merwe, C., Van Tonder, V., Van Wyk, R., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Wallace, B. H., Welz, M. G., Williams, L. P., Xaia, B., Heywood, I., Rammala, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Adams, G., Aldera, M. A., Asad, K. M. B., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennett, T. G. H., Bester, H. L., Bode, W. A., Botha, D. H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., de Villiers, D. I. L., Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M. A., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., February, S., Fourie, D. J., Frank, B. S., Gamatham, R. R. G., Geyer, M., Goedhart, S., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Hlakola, M. J., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horrell, J. M. G., Hugo, B., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kenyon, J. S., Kotzé, P. P. A., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Lehmensiek, R., Liebenberg, D., Lord, R. T., Lunsky, B. M., Madisa, K., Magnus, L. G., Mahgoub, O., Makhaba, A., Makhathini, S., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Martens, A., Mauch, T., Merry, B. C., Millenaar, R. P., Mnyandu, N., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., Mphego, M. C., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Otto, A. J., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ramanujam, N. M. R., Ramudzuli, Z. R., Ratcliffe, S. M., Robyntjies, A., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M., Smirnov, O. M., Sofeya, L., Taljaard, B., Tasse, C., Tiplady, A. J., Toruvanda, O., Twum, S. N., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., van der Merwe, C., Van Tonder, V., Van Wyk, R., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Wallace, B. H., Welz, M. G., Williams, L. P., and Xaia, B.
Abstract: The inner $\sim$200 pc region of the Galaxy contains a 4 million M$_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole (SMBH), significant quantities of molecular gas, and star formation and cosmic ray energy densities that are roughly two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding levels in the Galactic disk. At a distance of only 8.2 kpc, the region presents astronomers with a unique opportunity to study a diverse range of energetic astrophysical phenomena, from stellar objects in extreme environments, to the SMBH and star-formation driven feedback processes that are known to influence the evolution of galaxies as a whole. We present a new survey of the Galactic center conducted with the South African MeerKAT radio telescope. Radio imaging offers a view that is unaffected by the large quantities of dust that obscure the region at other wavelengths, and a scene of striking complexity is revealed. We produce total intensity and spectral index mosaics of the region from 20 pointings (144 hours on-target in total), covering 6.5 square degrees with an angular resolution of 4$"$,at a central frequency of 1.28 GHz. Many new features are revealed for the first time due to a combination of MeerKAT's high sensitivity, exceptional $u,v$-plane coverage, and geographical vantage point. We highlight some initial survey results, including new supernova remnant candidates, many new non-thermal filament complexes, and enhanced views of the Radio Arc Bubble, Sgr A and Sgr B regions. This project is a SARAO public legacy survey, and the image products are made available with this article., Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the The Astrophysical Journal. Replacement arXiv version with higher quality figures
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Unreal Engine 5 Character Creation, Animation, and Cinematics : Create custom 3D assets and bring them to life in Unreal Engine 5 using MetaHuman, Lumen, and Nanite

Author: Venter, Henk, Ogterop, Wilhelm, Venter, Henk, Venter, Henk, Ogterop, Wilhelm, and Venter, Henk
Abstract: Get to grips with the base workflow and create your own cinematic scenes in UE5 by learning to develop the main elements, animate, and combine them into a complete rendered movie scene with the help of key images printed in colorKey FeaturesPerform your entire rigging and animation workflow inside Unreal Engine 5 using Control Rig toolsCreate hand-keyed animations and clean up motion capture natively in Unreal EngineLearn the basics of creating 3D assets and customizing a MetaHuman for your movie needsBook DescriptionUnreal Engine 5 (UE5) offers beginners and seasoned professionals the ability to create detailed movie scenes with realistic human characters using MetaHuman and combine it with custom props and environments. It also comes with built-in industry standard animation tools to develop such scenes in a fraction of the time compared to old methods. This book takes you through the entire 3D movie production pipeline using free (open - source) software.By following the step-by-step, beginner-friendly tutorials in this book, you'll learn how to create your own custom 3D assets in Blender and texture these 3D assets in Quixel Mixer. Next, you'll take these completed 3D assets into Unreal Engine 5 and use them to build a virtual 3D movie set for your 3D movie. You'll also populate your 3D movie set by using Quixel MegaScans assets and create and customize your own photorealistic human character using MetaHuman Creator and UE5. As you advance, you'll discover how to rig, skin, and animate these 3D assets and characters using Blender and UE5's new Control Rig. Finally, you'll explore the process of setting up your movie cameras and animation sequences and rendering your 3D movie using UE5's Sequencer.By the end of this Unreal Engine book, you'll have learned how to combine different elements in UE5 to make your own movies and cinematics.What you will learnCreate, customize, and use a MetaHuman in a cinematic scene in UE5Model and texture custom 3D assets for your mo
Published: 2022

24. Unreal Engine 5 Character Creation, Animation, and Cinematics : Create custom 3D assets and bring them to life in Unreal Engine 5 using MetaHuman, Lumen, and Nanite

Author: Venter, Henk, Ogterop, Wilhelm, Venter, Henk, Venter, Henk, Ogterop, Wilhelm, and Venter, Henk
Abstract: Get to grips with the base workflow and create your own cinematic scenes in UE5 by learning to develop the main elements, animate, and combine them into a complete rendered movie scene with the help of key images printed in colorKey FeaturesPerform your entire rigging and animation workflow inside Unreal Engine 5 using Control Rig toolsCreate hand-keyed animations and clean up motion capture natively in Unreal EngineLearn the basics of creating 3D assets and customizing a MetaHuman for your movie needsBook DescriptionUnreal Engine 5 (UE5) offers beginners and seasoned professionals the ability to create detailed movie scenes with realistic human characters using MetaHuman and combine it with custom props and environments. It also comes with built-in industry standard animation tools to develop such scenes in a fraction of the time compared to old methods. This book takes you through the entire 3D movie production pipeline using free (open - source) software.By following the step-by-step, beginner-friendly tutorials in this book, you'll learn how to create your own custom 3D assets in Blender and texture these 3D assets in Quixel Mixer. Next, you'll take these completed 3D assets into Unreal Engine 5 and use them to build a virtual 3D movie set for your 3D movie. You'll also populate your 3D movie set by using Quixel MegaScans assets and create and customize your own photorealistic human character using MetaHuman Creator and UE5. As you advance, you'll discover how to rig, skin, and animate these 3D assets and characters using Blender and UE5's new Control Rig. Finally, you'll explore the process of setting up your movie cameras and animation sequences and rendering your 3D movie using UE5's Sequencer.By the end of this Unreal Engine book, you'll have learned how to combine different elements in UE5 to make your own movies and cinematics.What you will learnCreate, customize, and use a MetaHuman in a cinematic scene in UE5Model and texture custom 3D assets for your mo
Published: 2022

25. Environmental Stewardship: Confluence of Law and Religion?

Author: 10057358 - Venter, Francois, Venter, Francois, 10057358 - Venter, Francois, and Venter, Francois
Abstract: Why should we bear responsibility for the degradation of the environment? A wide range of responses is on offer to this question. Common to them all is that they are all rooted in one or the other ontological and epistemic point of departure or set of premises. This raises the question of the relationship between law and religion and linkages of religion with environmental concerns. What emerges, perhaps against the volition of the scientific world, is that the foundational links between environmental law and religion are significant – even where environmentalists shirk from or even denounce religion. Justification of this view is found in a concise survey of the essence of law and religion. The analysis leads to the notion of stewardship, a concept steeped in, but not exclusive to religion in its diverse manifestations. Examples of ecocentric religious attitudes – ranging from the traditions of the North American Anishinabek, aboriginal Australians and indigenous African culture to Buddhism and Hinduism, Judaism and Christianity in its principal manifestations – provide a broad picture of adherence to beliefs in human responsibility to take care of the environment. This widespread conviction of stewardship endures despite awareness of the human inability to create or sovereignly to determine the course of nature (here termed "the hypothesis of incompetence").
Published: 2022

26. Outcomes of a Refractive Segmented Bifocal Intraocular Lens with a Lower Near Addition.

Author: Venter, Jan A, Venter, Jan A, Collins, Barrie M, Hannan, Stephen J, Teenan, David, Schallhorn, Julie M, Venter, Jan A, Venter, Jan A, Collins, Barrie M, Hannan, Stephen J, Teenan, David, and Schallhorn, Julie M
Abstract: PurposeTo evaluate clinical and subjective outcomes of a segmented bifocal IOL with a 2.0 D near addition.Patients and methodsRetrospective analyses of patients who had undergone refractive lens exchange with bilateral implantation of the SBL-2 IOL (Lenstec, Inc., Christ Church, Barbados) were performed. The number of patients included in the study was 389 (778 eyes). Refractive, visual and patient-reported outcomes were presented for the last available visit (mean follow-up 2.05 ± 1.33 months).ResultsThe percentage of eyes within ±0.50D and ±1.00D of emmetropia was 82.5% (642/778) and 97.8% (761/778), respectively. The mean uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (66 cm) of the last available visit was 0.08 ± 0.15 logMAR monocularly and 0.04 ± 0.14 logMAR binocularly. The mean monocular and binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (40 cm) were 0.30 ± 0.15 logMAR and 0.24 ± 0.14 logMAR, respectively. Of all patients, 97.2% (378/389) claimed never to use any correction for distance vision, while 93.1% (362/389) of patients did not require any correction for near vision. The mean scores for visual phenomena (on the scale from 1 - no difficulty to 7 - severe difficulty) were 1.8 ± 1.3, 1.7 ± 1.2, 1.7 ± 1.2 and 1.6 ± 1.2 for glare, halo, starburst, and ghosting/double vision, respectively.ConclusionDespite the lower near addition of SBL-2 segmented bifocal IOL, patients achieved reasonable rates of spectacle independence and a low incidence of visual phenomena.
Published: 2022

27. The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic

Author: Heywood, I., Rammala, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Adams, G., Aldera, M. A., Asad, K. M. B., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennett, T. G. H., Bester, H. L., Bode, W. A., Botha, D. H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., de Villiers, D. I. L., Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M. A., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., February, S., Fourie, D. J., Frank, B. S., Gamatham, R. R. G., Geyer, M., Goedhart, S., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Hlakola, M. J., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horrell, J. M. G., Hugo, B., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kenyon, J. S., Kotzé, P. P. A., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Lehmensiek, R., Liebenberg, D., Lord, R. T., Lunsky, B. M., Madisa, K., Magnus, L. G., Mahgoub, O., Makhaba, A., Makhathini, S., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Martens, A., Mauch, T., Merry, B. C., Millenaar, R. P., Mnyandu, N., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., Mphego, M. C., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Otto, A. J., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ramanujam, N. M. R., Ramudzuli, Z. R., Ratcliffe, S. M., Robyntjies, A., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M., Smirnov, O. M., Sofeya, L., Taljaard, B., Tasse, C., Tiplady, A. J., Toruvanda, O., Twum, S. N., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., van der Merwe, C., Van Tonder, V., Van Wyk, R., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Wallace, B. H., Welz, M. G., Williams, L. P., Xaia, B., Heywood, I., Rammala, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Adams, G., Aldera, M. A., Asad, K. M. B., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennett, T. G. H., Bester, H. L., Bode, W. A., Botha, D. H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., de Villiers, D. I. L., Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M. A., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., February, S., Fourie, D. J., Frank, B. S., Gamatham, R. R. G., Geyer, M., Goedhart, S., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Hlakola, M. J., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horrell, J. M. G., Hugo, B., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kenyon, J. S., Kotzé, P. P. A., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Lehmensiek, R., Liebenberg, D., Lord, R. T., Lunsky, B. M., Madisa, K., Magnus, L. G., Mahgoub, O., Makhaba, A., Makhathini, S., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Martens, A., Mauch, T., Merry, B. C., Millenaar, R. P., Mnyandu, N., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., Mphego, M. C., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Otto, A. J., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ramanujam, N. M. R., Ramudzuli, Z. R., Ratcliffe, S. M., Robyntjies, A., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M., Smirnov, O. M., Sofeya, L., Taljaard, B., Tasse, C., Tiplady, A. J., Toruvanda, O., Twum, S. N., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., van der Merwe, C., Van Tonder, V., Van Wyk, R., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Wallace, B. H., Welz, M. G., Williams, L. P., and Xaia, B.
Abstract: The inner $\sim$200 pc region of the Galaxy contains a 4 million M$_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole (SMBH), significant quantities of molecular gas, and star formation and cosmic ray energy densities that are roughly two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding levels in the Galactic disk. At a distance of only 8.2 kpc, the region presents astronomers with a unique opportunity to study a diverse range of energetic astrophysical phenomena, from stellar objects in extreme environments, to the SMBH and star-formation driven feedback processes that are known to influence the evolution of galaxies as a whole. We present a new survey of the Galactic center conducted with the South African MeerKAT radio telescope. Radio imaging offers a view that is unaffected by the large quantities of dust that obscure the region at other wavelengths, and a scene of striking complexity is revealed. We produce total intensity and spectral index mosaics of the region from 20 pointings (144 hours on-target in total), covering 6.5 square degrees with an angular resolution of 4$"$,at a central frequency of 1.28 GHz. Many new features are revealed for the first time due to a combination of MeerKAT's high sensitivity, exceptional $u,v$-plane coverage, and geographical vantage point. We highlight some initial survey results, including new supernova remnant candidates, many new non-thermal filament complexes, and enhanced views of the Radio Arc Bubble, Sgr A and Sgr B regions. This project is a SARAO public legacy survey, and the image products are made available with this article., Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the The Astrophysical Journal. Replacement arXiv version with higher quality figures
Published: 2022
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28. Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with HESS

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales greater than or similar to 2 degrees poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 degrees in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of (2.8 +/- 0.7) x 10-12 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 degrees radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of D-0 = 7.6-1.2+1.5 x 1027 cm2 s-1, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average.
Published: 2023
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29. HESS Follow-up Observations of GRB 221009A

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hr after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of f(UL)(95%)=9.7x10(-12)ergcm(-2)s(-1) E-thr = 650 GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the spectral energy distribution occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB 190829A, the upper limits for GRB 221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB 221009A, effectively ruling out an IC-dominated scenario.
Published: 2023
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30. HESS J1809-193 : A halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Author: Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Context. HESS J1809-193 is an unassociated very-high-energy gamma-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809-1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of gamma-ray emission up to energies of similar to 100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809-193.Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the gamma-ray emission of HESS J1809-193.Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809-193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809-193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework.Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component (modelled as an elongated Gaussian with a 1-sigma semi-major and semi-minor axis of similar to 0.62 degrees and similar to 0.35 degrees, respectively) that exhibits a spectral cutoff at similar to 13 TeV, and a compact component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1-sigma radius of similar to 0.1 degrees) that is located close to PSR J1809-1917 and shows no clear spectral cutoff. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended gamma-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component.Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with
Published: 2023
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31. Diet diversity in pregnancy and early allergic manifestations in the offspring

Author: Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, West, Christina E., Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, and West, Christina E.
Published: 2023
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32. Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with HESS

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales greater than or similar to 2 degrees poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 degrees in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of (2.8 +/- 0.7) x 10-12 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 degrees radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of D-0 = 7.6-1.2+1.5 x 1027 cm2 s-1, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average.
Published: 2023
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33. HESS Follow-up Observations of GRB 221009A

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hr after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of f(UL)(95%)=9.7x10(-12)ergcm(-2)s(-1) E-thr = 650 GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the spectral energy distribution occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB 190829A, the upper limits for GRB 221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB 221009A, effectively ruling out an IC-dominated scenario.
Published: 2023
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34. HESS J1809-193 : A halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Author: Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Context. HESS J1809-193 is an unassociated very-high-energy gamma-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809-1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of gamma-ray emission up to energies of similar to 100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809-193.Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the gamma-ray emission of HESS J1809-193.Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809-193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809-193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework.Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component (modelled as an elongated Gaussian with a 1-sigma semi-major and semi-minor axis of similar to 0.62 degrees and similar to 0.35 degrees, respectively) that exhibits a spectral cutoff at similar to 13 TeV, and a compact component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1-sigma radius of similar to 0.1 degrees) that is located close to PSR J1809-1917 and shows no clear spectral cutoff. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended gamma-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component.Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with
Published: 2023
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35. A Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis From California, in the Setting of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Author: Govindarajan, Ameish, Govindarajan, Ameish, Sous, Rowis, Venter, Frederick, Torrico, Tyler, Karapetians, Natalie, Heidari, Arash, Cobos, Everardo, Petersen, Greti, Govindarajan, Ameish, Govindarajan, Ameish, Sous, Rowis, Venter, Frederick, Torrico, Tyler, Karapetians, Natalie, Heidari, Arash, Cobos, Everardo, and Petersen, Greti
Abstract: Histoplasma capsulatum is a geographically specific dimorphic fungus that can cause a spectrum of diseases. While most cases are asymptomatic pulmonary infections, in severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised patients, disseminated disease can occur. Histoplasmosis in California is limited to only a few case reports. In this article, we describe a rare case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a non-endemic region presenting with diagnostically challenging symptomatology, including altered mental status, status epilepticus, septic shock, and bilateral adrenal masses.
Published: 2023

36. Diet diversity in pregnancy and early allergic manifestations in the offspring

Author: Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, West, Christina E., Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, and West, Christina E.
Published: 2023
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37. Description of two cultivated and two uncultivated new Salinibacter species, one named following the rules of the bacteriological code: Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov.; and three named following the rules of the SeqCode: Salinibacter pepae sp. nov., Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov., and Salinibacter pampae sp. nov.

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Viver, Tomeu, Conrad, Roth E., Lucio, Marianna, Harir, Mourad, Urdiain, Mercedes, Gago, Juan F., Suárez-Suárez, Ana, Bustos-Caparros, Esteban, Sanchez-Martinez, Rodrigo, Mayol, Eva, Fassetta, Federico, Pang, Jinfeng, Gridan, Ionuț Mădălin, Venter, Stephanus, Santos, Fernando, Baxter, Bonnie, Llames, María E., Cristea, Adorján, Banciu, Horia L., Hedlund, Brian P., Stott, Matthew B., Kämpfer, Peter, Amann, Rudolf, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Rossello-Mora, Ramon, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Viver, Tomeu, Conrad, Roth E., Lucio, Marianna, Harir, Mourad, Urdiain, Mercedes, Gago, Juan F., Suárez-Suárez, Ana, Bustos-Caparros, Esteban, Sanchez-Martinez, Rodrigo, Mayol, Eva, Fassetta, Federico, Pang, Jinfeng, Gridan, Ionuț Mădălin, Venter, Stephanus, Santos, Fernando, Baxter, Bonnie, Llames, María E., Cristea, Adorján, Banciu, Horia L., Hedlund, Brian P., Stott, Matthew B., Kämpfer, Peter, Amann, Rudolf, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., and Rossello-Mora, Ramon
Abstract: Current -omics methods allow the collection of a large amount of information that helps in describing the microbial diversity in nature. Here, and as a result of a culturomic approach that rendered the collection of thousands of isolates from 5 different hypersaline sites (in Spain, USA and New Zealand), we obtained 21 strains that represent two new Salinibacter species. For these species we propose the names Salinibacter pepae sp. nov. and Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov. (showing average nucleotide identity (ANI) values < 95.09% and 87.08% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Metabolomics revealed species-specific discriminative profiles. Sal. ruber strains were distinguished by a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and specific N-functionalized fatty acids; and Sal. altiplanensis was distinguished by an increased number of glycosylated molecules. Based on sequence characteristics and inferred phenotype of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we describe two new members of the genus Salinibacter. These species dominated in different sites and always coexisted with Sal. ruber and Sal. pepae. Based on the MAGs from three Argentinian lakes in the Pampa region of Argentina and the MAG of the Romanian lake Fără Fund, we describe the species Salinibacter pampae sp. nov. and Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov. respectively (showing ANI values 90.94% and 91.48% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Sal. grassmerensis sp. nov. name was formed according to the rules of the International Code for Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), and Sal. pepae, Sal. pampae sp. nov. and Sal. abyssi sp. nov. are proposed following the rules of the newly published Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data (SeqCode). This work constitutes an example on how classification under ICNP and SeqCode can coexist, and how the official naming a cultivated organism for which the deposit in public repositories is difficult finds an intermediate solution.
Published: 2023

38. Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with HESS

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales greater than or similar to 2 degrees poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 degrees in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of (2.8 +/- 0.7) x 10-12 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 degrees radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of D-0 = 7.6-1.2+1.5 x 1027 cm2 s-1, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average.
Published: 2023
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39. Diet diversity in pregnancy and early allergic manifestations in the offspring

Author: Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, West, Christina E., Bodén, Stina, Lindam, Anna, Domellöf, Magnus, Venter, Carina, and West, Christina E.
Published: 2023
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40. HESS Follow-up Observations of GRB 221009A

Author: Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar., H., Backes., M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, Fegan, S., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H, Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hr after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of f(UL)(95%)=9.7x10(-12)ergcm(-2)s(-1) E-thr = 650 GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the spectral energy distribution occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB 190829A, the upper limits for GRB 221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB 221009A, effectively ruling out an IC-dominated scenario.
Published: 2023
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41. HESS J1809-193 : A halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Author: Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -p., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -h., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -p., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Priyana Noel, A., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Context. HESS J1809-193 is an unassociated very-high-energy gamma-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809-1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of gamma-ray emission up to energies of similar to 100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809-193.Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the gamma-ray emission of HESS J1809-193.Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809-193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809-193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework.Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component (modelled as an elongated Gaussian with a 1-sigma semi-major and semi-minor axis of similar to 0.62 degrees and similar to 0.35 degrees, respectively) that exhibits a spectral cutoff at similar to 13 TeV, and a compact component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1-sigma radius of similar to 0.1 degrees) that is located close to PSR J1809-1917 and shows no clear spectral cutoff. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended gamma-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component.Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with
Published: 2023
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42. Constraints on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field Using Fermi-LAT and HESS Blazar Observations

Author: Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bi, B., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., de Bony, M., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Steinmassl, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bi, B., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., de Bony, M., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Steinmassl, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron-positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The gamma-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of B > 7.1 x 10(-16) G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of 10(4) (10(7)) yr, IGMF strengths below 1.8 x 10(-14) G (3.9 x 10(-14) G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe.
Published: 2023
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43. Artificial intelligence-driven biomedical genomics

Author: Guo, K, Wu, M, Soo, Z, Yang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Q, Lin, H, Grosser, M, Venter, D, Zhang, G, Lu, J, Guo, K, Wu, M, Soo, Z, Yang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Q, Lin, H, Grosser, M, Venter, D, Zhang, G, and Lu, J
Abstract: As genomic research becomes more complex and data-rich, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial tool for processing and analyzing high-dimensional genomic data, accelerating biomarker discovery, and enhancing genomic sequence annotations. Despite the increasing application of AI in genomic research, challenges persist, particularly regarding the integration of biomedical knowledge into algorithm development. We reviewed high-quality, AI-driven biomedical genomic studies from the past five years, covering applications in disease prediction, detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Each category highlights how different AI techniques are applied in biomedical contexts. Furthermore, we identify current challenges and potential solutions in AI-assisted biomedical genomics. This comprehensive review is designed to encourage collaboration among computer scientists, healthcare professionals, and interested communities, propelling the development of AI applications that can be smoothly integrated into routine medical services.
Published: 2023

44. Genomic profiling of Pasteurella multocida isolated from feedlot cases of bovine respiratory disease.

Author: Alhamami, T, Roy Chowdhury, P, Venter, H, Veltman, T, Truswell, A, Abraham, S, Sapula, SA, Carr, M, Djordjevic, SP, Trott, DJ, Alhamami, T, Roy Chowdhury, P, Venter, H, Veltman, T, Truswell, A, Abraham, S, Sapula, SA, Carr, M, Djordjevic, SP, and Trott, DJ
Abstract: Pasteurella multocida causes a range of diseases in many host species throughout the world, including bovine respiratory disease (BRD) which is predominantly seen in feedlot cattle. This study assessed genetic diversity among 139 P. multocida isolates obtained from post-mortem lung swabs of BRD-affected feedlot cattle in four Australian states: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria during 2014-2019. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine capsular serogroup, lipopolysaccharide genotypes, multi-locus sequence types and phylogenetic relationships. Two capsular types (A and D), with most isolates (132/139; 95%) belonging to type A; and three lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes were identified (L1 [6/139; 4.3%], L3 [124/139; 89.2%] and L6 [9/139; 6.4%)]). Multi-locus sequence types (STs) ST9, ST13, ST17, ST20, ST36, ST50, ST58, ST79, ST124, ST125, ST132, ST167, ST185, ST327, ST394, and three novel STs [ST396, ST397, and ST398] were identified, with ST394 (59/139; 42.4%) and ST79 (44/139; 32%) the most prevalent in all four states. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance to single, dual or multiple antibiotics (macrolide, tetracycline and aminopenicillins) were predominantly ST394 (23/139; 17%). Laterally mobile elements identified in the resistant ST394 isolates included small plasmids, encoding macrolide and/or tetracycline resistance, distributed in all states; and chromosomally located integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) (4 ST394 and 1 ST125) from the same Queensland feedlot. This study highlights the genomic diversity, epidemiological relationships and AMR associations in bovine P. multocida isolates from Australia and provides insight into the unique ST prevalence compared to other major beef-producing countries.
Published: 2023

45. Genomic delineation and description of species and within-species lineages in the genus Pantoea

Author: Crosby, Katherine C., Rojas, Mariah, Sharma, Parul, Johnson, Marcela A., Mazloom, Reza, Kvitko, Brian H., Smits, Theo HM M., Venter, Stephanus N., Coutinho, Teresa A., Heath, Lenwood S., Palmer, Marike, Vinatzer, Boris A., Crosby, Katherine C., Rojas, Mariah, Sharma, Parul, Johnson, Marcela A., Mazloom, Reza, Kvitko, Brian H., Smits, Theo HM M., Venter, Stephanus N., Coutinho, Teresa A., Heath, Lenwood S., Palmer, Marike, and Vinatzer, Boris A.
Abstract: As the name of the genus Pantoea (“of all sorts and sources”) suggests, this genus includes bacteria with a wide range of provenances, including plants, animals, soils, components of the water cycle, and humans. Some members of the genus are pathogenic to plants, and some are suspected to be opportunistic human pathogens; while others are used as microbial pesticides or show promise in biotechnological applications. During its taxonomic history, the genus and its species have seen many revisions. However, evolutionary and comparative genomics studies have started to provide a solid foundation for a more stable taxonomy. To move further toward this goal, we have built a 2,509-gene core genome tree of 437 public genome sequences representing the currently known diversity of the genus Pantoea. Clades were evaluated for being evolutionarily and ecologically significant by determining bootstrap support, gene content differences, and recent recombination events. These results were then integrated with genome metadata, published literature, descriptions of named species with standing in nomenclature, and circumscriptions of yet-unnamed species clusters, 15 of which we assigned names under the nascent SeqCode. Finally, genome-based circumscriptions and descriptions of each species and each significant genetic lineage within species were uploaded to the LINbase Web server so that newly sequenced genomes of isolates belonging to any of these groups could be precisely and accurately identified.
Published: 2023

46. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A

Author: Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. Kaushik, Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Woo, J., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Mori, K., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. Kaushik, Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Woo, J., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., and Mori, K.
Abstract: We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2 degrees .2 away from the best -fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high -flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV ?-ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the ?-ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and ?-ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed ?-ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A

Author: Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. Kaushik, Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Woo, J., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Mori, K., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. Kaushik, Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Woo, J., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Dai, S., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schaefer, J., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., and Mori, K.
Abstract: We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2 degrees .2 away from the best -fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high -flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV ?-ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the ?-ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and ?-ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed ?-ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Early Clinical Experience with a New Hydrophobic Acrylic Single-Piece Monofocal Intraocular Lens

Author: Schallhorn,Steven, Teenan,David, Venter,Jan, Schallhorn,Julie, Hannan,Stephen, Schallhorn,Steven, Teenan,David, Venter,Jan, Schallhorn,Julie, and Hannan,Stephen
Abstract: Steven C Schallhorn,1â 3 David Teenan,2 Jan A Venter,2 Julie M Schallhorn,1,4 Stephen J Hannan2 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 2Optical Express, Glasgow, UK; 3Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, CA, USA; 4F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Steven C Schallhorn, Tel +1 858-455-6800, Email scschallhorn@yahoo.comPurpose: To evaluate early clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) in cataract patients following implantation of a monofocal hydrophobic acrylic IOL with a new optimized non-constant aberration-correcting design (CT LUCIA 621P).Methods: This retrospective study included patients with visually significant cataracts who underwent implantation of the CT LUCIA 621P IOL. Refraction, corrected (CDVA) and uncorrected (UDVA) visual acuity of the last available visit were used in the analysis. Intraoperative and postoperative AEs of the cohort were reviewed.Results: A total of 191 eyes of 133 patients with the mean age of 70.2Â± 11.2 years were included in this study. The mean follow-up time of the last available visit was 1.7Â± 1.3 months. The mean postoperative monocular UDVA was 0.09Â± 0.16 logMAR (≈20/25), and 74.9% (143/191) eyes achieved â¥ 20/25 UDVA. The percentage of eyes with manifest spherical equivalent (MSE) within Â± 0.50D and Â± 1.00D of emmetropia was 84.8% (162/191) and 98.4% (188/191), respectively. Linear regression of attempted vs achieved MSE showed a tight relationship, with the coefficient of determination close to 1 (R2=0.99), indicating a very predictable refractive correction. The reported AEs were those typically expected after cataract surgery. There were no AEs related to intraoperative manipulation with the IOL/injector or to postoperative stability of the IOL in the capsular bag. No eye lost â¥ 2 lines of CDVA.Conclusion: The implantation of CT LUCIA 621P resulted in good refractive predictability and visual outcomes. No IOL-re
Published: 2023

49. Comparison of the 1st Generation and 3rd Generation Wavefront-Guided LASIK for the Treatment of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism

Author: Hannan,Stephen, Teenan,David, Venter,Jan, Hettinger,Keith, Berry,Colin, Hannan,Noelle, Kiss,Huba, Raju,Dasi, Schallhorn,Julie, Hannan,Stephen, Teenan,David, Venter,Jan, Hettinger,Keith, Berry,Colin, Hannan,Noelle, Kiss,Huba, Raju,Dasi, and Schallhorn,Julie
Abstract: Stephen J Hannan,1 David Teenan,1 Jan A Venter,1 Keith A Hettinger,1 Colin W Berry,1 Noelle C Hannan,1 Huba J Kiss,1 Dasi Raju,1 Julie M Schallhorn2,3 1Optical Express, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 2University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA; 3F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Stephen J Hannan, Clinical Services Department, Optical Express, 200 St Vincent St, Glasgow, G2 5SG, United Kingdom, Tel +44 7740592389, Email StephenHannan@opticalexpress.comPurpose: To compare refractive, visual, and patient-reported outcomes associated with a 1st generation wavefront-guided (WFG) treatment with those associated with a 3rd generation WFG treatment.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia/myopic astigmatism. Two random stratified samples of patients who underwent either 1stgeneration (WaveScan, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA) or 3rd generation (iDesign 2.0, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA) treatment matched on preoperative refraction were compared (4290 eyes of 2145 patients in each group). One-month postoperative visual, refractive, and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed. Refractive and monocular visual acuity analyses were performed using one random eye of each patient.Results: The percentage of eyes achieving 20/20 or better uncorrected vision was 91.3% (1958/2145) in the 1st generation group and 95.9% (2056/2145) in the 3rd generation group (p< 0.01). Binocularly, the percentage of patients with 20/20 or better UDVA was 97.0% (2080/2145) and 99.2% (2127/2145) in the 1st and 3rd generation groups, respectively (p< 0.01). The mean postoperative MSE was â 0.01 Â± 0.33 D in the 1st generation group and +0.19 Â± 0.33 D in the 3rd generation group (p< 0.01). Postoperative refractive astigmatism had a mean value of â
Published: 2023

50. Constraints on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field Using Fermi-LAT and HESS Blazar Observations

Author: Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bi, B., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., de Bony, M., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Steinmassl, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Aharonian, F., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Yvonne, Berge, D., Bi, B., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, Tomas, Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., de Bony, M., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grondin, M. -H, Haerer, L., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khatoon, R., Khelifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Le Stum, S., Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P, Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Niemiec, J., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schussler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Steinmassl, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Veh, J., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.
Abstract: Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron-positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The gamma-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of B > 7.1 x 10(-16) G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of 10(4) (10(7)) yr, IGMF strengths below 1.8 x 10(-14) G (3.9 x 10(-14) G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

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