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Global phenomena such as climate change threaten the resilience of agroecosystems and therefore food security. Thus, the objective of this paper was to analyze the cumulative nature and outstanding advances in the knowledge of the resilience of agroecosystems as a basis for the development of new trends in the subject. A literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database, considering criteria such as date of publication, disciplines and scientific journals. The search covers the period from 1993 to 2020. One hundred eighty-eight publications were identified, with 2018 and 2019 being the years with the highest number of articles published. The research areas with the most publications on resilience are ecology (71), agriculture (52) and environmental sciences (44). Regarding the connectivity based on the value of intermediate centrality, the areas of greatest interrelationship are mainly: agriculture (0.45), science and technology (0.28), environmental sciences (0.2) and ecology (0.12). In the dynamics and study of resilience, the adaptability of the agroecosystem stands out. The conceptual model of resilience analyzed facilitates its study and is composed of: precariousness, latitude, resistance and panarchy. Therefore, the indicators for quantifying resilience in agroecosystems are heterogeneous and multidimensional. It is concluded that resilience has been conceptually studied as an emerging property from the agroecological approach, recently from the socioecologicalsystems approach, where adaptability and interdiscipline are highlighted as a means to solve complex problems., Fenómenos globales como el cambio climático amenazan la resiliencia de los agroecosistemasy por tanto la seguridad alimentaria. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizarel carácter acumulativo y avances de sobresalientes en el conocimiento de la resiliencia deagroecosistemas como basedel desarrollo de nuevas tendencias del tema. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el uso dela base de datos Web of Scienceconsiderandocriterios comofecha de publicación, disciplinas y revistas científicas. La búsqueda comprendeel periodo1993 al 2020. Se identificaron 188 publicaciones, siendo 2018 y 2019 los años con mayor número deartículos publicados. Las áreasde investigacióncon más publicaciones en resiliencia son ecología (71), agricultura (52) y ciencias ambientales (44). Respecto a la conectividad basada en el valor de centralidad intermedia, las áreas de mayor interrelación son principalmente: agricultura (0.45), cienciay tecnología (0.28), ciencias ambientales (0.2) y ecología (0.12). En la dinámica y estudio de la resiliencia sobresale la capacidad de adaptación del agroecosistema. El modelo conceptual de resiliencia analizadofacilita su estudioyestá integrado por: la precariedad, latitud, resistencia y panarquía. Por tanto, los indicadores para cuantificar la resiliencia en agroecosistemas son heterogéneos y multidimensionales. Se concluye que la resiliencia ha sido estudiada conceptualmente como una propiedad emergentedesde el enfoque agroecológico, recientemente desdeel enfoque de sistemas socioecológicos en donde se resalta la capacidad adaptativa y ala interdisciplinacomo medio para resolver los problemas complejos

Global phenomena such as climate change threaten the resilience of agroecosystems and therefore food security. Thus, the objective of this paper was to analyze the cumulative nature and outstanding advances in the knowledge of the resilience of agroecosystems as a basis for the development of new trends in the subject. A literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database, considering criteria such as date of publication, disciplines and scientific journals. The search covers the period from 1993 to 2020. One hundred eighty-eight publications were identified, with 2018 and 2019 being the years with the highest number of articles published. The research areas with the most publications on resilience are ecology (71), agriculture (52) and environmental sciences (44). Regarding the connectivity based on the value of intermediate centrality, the areas of greatest interrelationship are mainly: agriculture (0.45), science and technology (0.28), environmental sciences (0.2) and ecology (0.12). In the dynamics and study of resilience, the adaptability of the agroecosystem stands out. The conceptual model of resilience analyzed facilitates its study and is composed of: precariousness, latitude, resistance and panarchy. Therefore, the indicators for quantifying resilience in agroecosystems are heterogeneous and multidimensional. It is concluded that resilience has been conceptually studied as an emerging property from the agroecological approach, recently from the socioecologicalsystems approach, where adaptability and interdiscipline are highlighted as a means to solve complex problems., Fenómenos globales como el cambio climático amenazan la resiliencia de los agroecosistemasy por tanto la seguridad alimentaria. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizarel carácter acumulativo y avances de sobresalientes en el conocimiento de la resiliencia deagroecosistemas como basedel desarrollo de nuevas tendencias del tema. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el uso dela base de datos Web of Scienceconsiderandocriterios comofecha de publicación, disciplinas y revistas científicas. La búsqueda comprendeel periodo1993 al 2020. Se identificaron 188 publicaciones, siendo 2018 y 2019 los años con mayor número deartículos publicados. Las áreasde investigacióncon más publicaciones en resiliencia son ecología (71), agricultura (52) y ciencias ambientales (44). Respecto a la conectividad basada en el valor de centralidad intermedia, las áreas de mayor interrelación son principalmente: agricultura (0.45), cienciay tecnología (0.28), ciencias ambientales (0.2) y ecología (0.12). En la dinámica y estudio de la resiliencia sobresale la capacidad de adaptación del agroecosistema. El modelo conceptual de resiliencia analizadofacilita su estudioyestá integrado por: la precariedad, latitud, resistencia y panarquía. Por tanto, los indicadores para cuantificar la resiliencia en agroecosistemas son heterogéneos y multidimensionales. Se concluye que la resiliencia ha sido estudiada conceptualmente como una propiedad emergentedesde el enfoque agroecológico, recientemente desdeel enfoque de sistemas socioecológicos en donde se resalta la capacidad adaptativa y ala interdisciplinacomo medio para resolver los problemas complejos

The effect of three substrates made from vermicompost and onebased on compost was evaluated on the development of physiological variables ofcuttings from three coffee clones: INIFAP 00-28, INIFAP 00-24, and INIFAP 97-14of robusta coffee (Coffea canephoraP.) and their interactions. Twelve treatmentswere studied, arranged in a strip plot block design with factorial structure in thetreatments (substrate x clone) with four repetitions; ANOVA and Tukey’s meancomparison (p≤0.05) was performed. In the substrate, the variables pH, electricalconductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), apparent density (Bd), cation exchangecapacity (CEC), macro and micronutrients were evaluated; while in the coffeecuttings clones, mortality percentage (M), axillary bud yield percentage (S), rootingpercentage (R), outbreak length (OI), number of internodes (Ni), number of leaves(NI), number of roots (Nr) and root length (RI). In the INIFAP substrate, the differenttypes of robusta coffee clones showed the highest physiological development.Among types of clones, clone INIFAP 00-28 presented the highest physiologicaldevelopment of the photosynthesis part (axillary bud yield, outbreak length, numberof internodes, number of leaves); however, it showed the least root development.The lowest development was observed in the clone INIFAP 97-14, and the highestroot development was observed in the clone INIFAP 00-24 (percentage of rooting,number of roots and root length) while the clone INIFAP 00-28 showed the highestdevelopment of the photosynthesis part., Se evaluó el efecto de tres sustratos elaborados a base de ver-micompost y uno a base de compost en el desarrollo de variables fisiológicas deesquejes de tres clones de café: INIFAP 00-28, INIFAP 00-24, e INIFAP 97-14de café robusta (Coffea canephora P.) y sus interacciones. Se estudiaron 12tratamientos, alojados en un diseño de bloques en tiras divididas (strip plot) conestructura factorial en los tratamientos (substrato x clon) con cuatro repeticiones,se realizó ANOVA y comparación de medias de Tukey (p≤0.05). En el substratose evaluaron las variables pH, Conductividad eléctrica (EC), materia orgánica(OM), densidad aparente (Bd), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CEC), macroy micronutrientes; mientras que en los clones de esquejes de café se evaluaronporcentaje de mortalidad (M), porcentaje de prendimiento de yemas axilares (S),porcentaje de enraizamiento (R), longitud de brote (OI), número de entrenudos (Ni),número de hojas (NI), número de raíces (Nr) y longitud de la raíz (RI). En el sustratoINIFAP, los diferentes tipos de clones de café robusta tuvieron el mayor desarrollofisiológico. Entre tipos de clones, el clon INIFAP 00-28 presentó el mayor desarrollofisiológico de la parte fotosintetizadora (prendimiento de yema axilar, longitud debrote, número de entrenudos, número de hojas); no obstante, mostró el menordesarrollo radicular. El clon INIFAP 97-14 mostró el menor desarrollo, y el clonINIFAP 00-24 mostró el mayor desarrollo radicular (porcentaje de enraizamiento,número de raíces y longitud de raíz)

The study of traditional agricultural systems performs an option for natural-ecosystems conservation and increase crop production. The slash-and-burn system (RTQ) has been declared obsolete and harmful, but this outlook is inconclusive. The aim of this study is to promote a better understanding of its ecological dynamics, which can guide for take decisions of the rational management of the ecosystems where it is located. A fallow chronosequence of the RTQ was analyzed in a tropical deciduous forest on leptosols, with the objective of describing the relationship of the microbial communities with the fallow period and soil organic matter. It is reported the heterotrophic bacteria functional diversity (Shannon index - H') and its activity, since metabolic profile of the microbial populations using BIOLOG-ECOTM plates, organic matter content, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, extractable phosphorus, texture, bulk density, field capacity and permanent wilting point. The soil physical properties were similar at all over plots. Fallow time affected pH, organic-matter ad nitrates content. No clear relation was found between H' and the fallow time (t) but there were H' significant differences (p < 0.05) between higher and less fallow time., RESUMEN: El estudio de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales representa una opción ante la necesidad de conservar los ecosistemas naturales e incrementar la producción de alimentos. Una mejor comprensión de la dinámica ecológica de la roza-tumba-quema (RTQ) puede permitir la toma de decisiones encaminadas al manejo racional de los ecosistemas donde esta se practica. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue describir la relación de las comunidades microbianas con la materia orgánica y la condición nutrimental del suelo. Se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon (H') a partir del perfil metabólico de las poblaciones con el uso de placas BIOLOG-ECOTM , el contenido de materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno total, nitratos, amonio, fósforo extractable, textura, densidad aparente, capacidad de campo y punto de marchitez permanente del suelo. Las propiedades físicas no fueron significativamente diferentes. El pH, contenido de MO y de nitratos se modificó con el tiempo de descanso. No se encontró relación entre la diversidad microbiana (H') y el tiempo de descanso (t), pero sí diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre las parcelas con mayor y menor tiempo de descanso, siendo más diversa esta última.

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

[EN] The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commerci

The traditional sub-disciplines of soil science; physics, chemistry, biology, taxonomy and mineralogy have largely contributed to the establishment of the basic principles of this science and have responded numerous practical questions. Currently, they have refocused their objects of study into emerging areas in order to understand, manage and use in a better way the most complex biological community on the planet. In particular, soil biology is seen as the center of scientific research of this century, presenting novel targets and goals in their research, strongly supported by physical, chemical and taxonomic studies. In the life-sciences, genomics are applied to the study of living systems in the soil, doing an enormous progress in the understanding of these ecosystems. The characterization of various organisms in soil, especially newly discovered microorganisms, represent only the beginning of a new stage in the development of molecular soil microbiology to enable and ensure a sustainable management of the soil resource. The challenge for these disciplines is to identify communities of microorganisms and, the roles they play in their habitats that integrate the diverse landscapes on Earth.Genomics and meta-genomics, along with traditional microbiological techniques are much contributing to advances in the understanding of biodiversity that exists in the soil as a base to ensure the sustainability of the soil and landscape, Las subdisciplinas tradicionales de la ciencia del suelo, física, química, biología, taxonomía y mineralogía han contribuido de manera determinante al establecimiento de los principios básicos de esta ciencia y han dado respuesta a numerosas preguntas prácticas. Actualmente han reorientado sus objetos de estudio hacia áreas emergentes, con la finalidad de entender, manejar y aprovechar de una mejor manera la comunidad biológica más compleja del planeta. En particular, la biología del suelo se contempla como el centro de las investigaciones científicas de este siglo, planteando novedosos objetivos y metas en sus investigaciones, soportadas fuertemente por estudios físicos, químicos y taxonómicos. En las ciencias de la vida, la genómica aplicada al estudio de los sistemas vivos en el suelo ha implicado un enorme progreso en el conocimiento de estos ecosistemas. La caracterización de diversos organismos en suelos, y en especial de microorganismos recientemente descubiertos, representan únicamente el inicio de una nueva etapa en el desarrollo de la microbiología molecular de suelos que permita y asegure un manejo sustentable del recurso edáfico. El reto para estas disciplinas es identificar las comunidades de microorganismos y las funciones que éstas desempeñan en sus hábitats que integran los diversos paisajes sobre la Tierra. Genómica y metagenómica, junto con técnicas microbiológicas tradicionales están contribuyendo en mucho a los avances en el conocimiento de la biodiversidad que existe en el suelo, como base que asegure la sustentabilidad del suelo y del paisaje

The traditional sub-disciplines of soil science; physics, chemistry, biology, taxonomy and mineralogy have largely contributed to the establishment of the basic principles of this science and have responded numerous practical questions. Currently, they have refocused their objects of study into emerging areas in order to understand, manage and use in a better way the most complex biological community on the planet. In particular, soil biology is seen as the center of scientific research of this century, presenting novel targets and goals in their research, strongly supported by physical, chemical and taxonomic studies. In the life-sciences, genomics are applied to the study of living systems in the soil, doing an enormous progress in the understanding of these ecosystems. The characterization of various organisms in soil, especially newly discovered microorganisms, represent only the beginning of a new stage in the development of molecular soil microbiology to enable and ensure a sustainable management of the soil resource. The challenge for these disciplines is to identify communities of microorganisms and, the roles they play in their habitats that integrate the diverse landscapes on Earth.Genomics and meta-genomics, along with traditional microbiological techniques are much contributing to advances in the understanding of biodiversity that exists in the soil as a base to ensure the sustainability of the soil and landscape, Las subdisciplinas tradicionales de la ciencia del suelo, física, química, biología, taxonomía y mineralogía han contribuido de manera determinante al establecimiento de los principios básicos de esta ciencia y han dado respuesta a numerosas preguntas prácticas. Actualmente han reorientado sus objetos de estudio hacia áreas emergentes, con la finalidad de entender, manejar y aprovechar de una mejor manera la comunidad biológica más compleja del planeta. En particular, la biología del suelo se contempla como el centro de las investigaciones científicas de este siglo, planteando novedosos objetivos y metas en sus investigaciones, soportadas fuertemente por estudios físicos, químicos y taxonómicos. En las ciencias de la vida, la genómica aplicada al estudio de los sistemas vivos en el suelo ha implicado un enorme progreso en el conocimiento de estos ecosistemas. La caracterización de diversos organismos en suelos, y en especial de microorganismos recientemente descubiertos, representan únicamente el inicio de una nueva etapa en el desarrollo de la microbiología molecular de suelos que permita y asegure un manejo sustentable del recurso edáfico. El reto para estas disciplinas es identificar las comunidades de microorganismos y las funciones que éstas desempeñan en sus hábitats que integran los diversos paisajes sobre la Tierra. Genómica y metagenómica, junto con técnicas microbiológicas tradicionales están contribuyendo en mucho a los avances en el conocimiento de la biodiversidad que existe en el suelo, como base que asegure la sustentabilidad del suelo y del paisaje