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Vehicular Ad-hoc Network enhances driving safety and enables various intelligent transportation applications by adopting the revolutionary vehicular wireless communication technology. This has attracted a lot of attentions from both academia and industry in recent years. Given the sophistication of vehicular manufacturing and the heterogeneity of intelligent transport terminals, performing vehicular authentication is of great importance. The existing schemes have largely considered vehicle security and authentication within a single administrative domain, which lacks supervision of the authority and entity in the intelligent transportation system. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain vehicular authentication architecture by introducing blockchain technique to build distributed trust and share cross-domain information among multiple administrative domains. To guarantee the anonymity and traceability, a pseudonym-based privacy-preserving authentication method is proposed. Specifically, considering the supervision of authority and the resilience to key escrow, we design a two-phase pseudonym distribution mechanism with the assistance of RSU proxy. We conduct in-depth security analysis by comparing with existing works, and deploy experiment to show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme in multi-domain scenario. IEEE

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network enhances driving safety and enables various intelligent transportation applications by adopting the revolutionary vehicular wireless communication technology. This has attracted a lot of attentions from both academia and industry in recent years. Given the sophistication of vehicular manufacturing and the heterogeneity of intelligent transport terminals, performing vehicular authentication is of great importance. The existing schemes have largely considered vehicle security and authentication within a single administrative domain, which lacks supervision of the authority and entity in the intelligent transportation system. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain vehicular authentication architecture by introducing blockchain technique to build distributed trust and share cross-domain information among multiple administrative domains. To guarantee the anonymity and traceability, a pseudonym-based privacy-preserving authentication method is proposed. Specifically, considering the supervision of authority and the resilience to key escrow, we design a two-phase pseudonym distribution mechanism with the assistance of RSU proxy. We conduct in-depth security analysis by comparing with existing works, and deploy experiment to show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme in multi-domain scenario. IEEE

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network enhances driving safety and enables various intelligent transportation applications by adopting the revolutionary vehicular wireless communication technology. This has attracted a lot of attentions from both academia and industry in recent years. Given the sophistication of vehicular manufacturing and the heterogeneity of intelligent transport terminals, performing vehicular authentication is of great importance. The existing schemes have largely considered vehicle security and authentication within a single administrative domain, which lacks supervision of the authority and entity in the intelligent transportation system. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain vehicular authentication architecture by introducing blockchain technique to build distributed trust and share cross-domain information among multiple administrative domains. To guarantee the anonymity and traceability, a pseudonym-based privacy-preserving authentication method is proposed. Specifically, considering the supervision of authority and the resilience to key escrow, we design a two-phase pseudonym distribution mechanism with the assistance of RSU proxy. We conduct in-depth security analysis by comparing with existing works, and deploy experiment to show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme in multi-domain scenario. IEEE

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is an improved form of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), where the vehicles moving in a predefined route with relatively high speed. Due to high rate of topology changes in VANETs, frequent disruption in link and excessive overhead occurs. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is being approached by using VANET therefore the need of efficient VANET routing protocol is crucial. In VANET routing protocols, an efficient route must be established between nodes before communication can take place and it should adapt dynamic topology changes caused by rapid movement of vehicles. In this paper, different routing protocols in VANET are described which may help in designing improved routing protocols.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is an improved form of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), where the vehicles moving in a predefined route with relatively high speed. Due to high rate of topology changes in VANETs, frequent disruption in link and excessive overhead occurs. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is being approached by using VANET therefore the need of efficient VANET routing protocol is crucial. In VANET routing protocols, an efficient route must be established between nodes before communication can take place and it should adapt dynamic topology changes caused by rapid movement of vehicles. In this paper, different routing protocols in VANET are described which may help in designing improved routing protocols.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is an improved form of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), where the vehicles moving in a predefined route with relatively high speed. Due to high rate of topology changes in VANETs, frequent disruption in link and excessive overhead occurs. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is being approached by using VANET therefore the need of efficient VANET routing protocol is crucial. In VANET routing protocols, an efficient route must be established between nodes before communication can take place and it should adapt dynamic topology changes caused by rapid movement of vehicles. In this paper, different routing protocols in VANET are described which may help in designing improved routing protocols.

Time synchronization is critical for operation of distributed systems in networked environments. It is also demanded in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs), which, as a special type of wireless networks, are becoming increasingly important for emerging Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs). Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a proven technology to provide precise timing information in many distributed systems. It is well recognized to be the primary means for vehicle positioning and velocity determination in VANETs. However, GNSS-based time synchronization is not well understood for its role in coordination of various tasks in VANETs. To address this issue, this paper examines the requirements, potential benefits and feasibility of GNSS time synchronization in VANETs. The availability of GNSS time synchronization is characterized by almost 100\% in our experiments in high-rise urban streets, where the availability of GNSS positioning solutions is only 80\%. Experiments are also conducted to test the accuracy of time synchronization with 1 PPS signals output from consumer-grade GNSS receivers. They have shown 30 ns synchronization accuracy between two receivers of different models. All these experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of GNSS time synchronization for stringent VANET applications.

Time synchronization in communication networks provides a common time frame among all nodes, thus supporting various network functions such as message transmission, channel scheduling and resource sharing in real-time and in correct order. In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) for connected and automated vehicles, network nodes must be synchronized to exchange time-critical vehicle locations and warning messages for various road safety applications. However, this is challenging as the data communication systems need to achieve low latency and high reliability under the conditions of high user dynamics and density. While many synchronization techniques have been developed for general communications networks, it is necessary to understand the requirements for VANET time synchronization and the applicability of existing time synchronization techniques in VANET applications. This paper provides a survey on theory and practice of time synchronization in VANETs. It addresses some key factors in VANET time synchronization such as requirements analysis, precision, accuracy, availability, scalability and compatibility, and highlights the advantages of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in VANET time synchronization. Through this survey, some insights are developed into existing and emerging protocols for time synchronization in VANETs.

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En redes Ad-hoc vehiculares, se requiere acceso al medio por parte de los vehículos de forma constante. El hecho de ser una red inalámbrica totalmente distribuida en la que los distintos vehículos transmiten a intervalos aleatorios implica la necesidad de disponer de un protocolo MAC (Medium Access Control) adecuado a las circunstancias de estas redes. En este artículo se presenta un protocolo MAC que consiste en el establecimiento periódico de diálogos entre los distintos vehículos (hosts), con el fin de intercambiar información topológica que permita a cada host establecer un intervalo de tiempo de transmisión que no coincida con el de ningún otro vehículo presente dentro de su respectivo rango de cobertura.