Search

Sarah E Guthrie,1 Doerte Luensmann,1 Jill Woods,1 Jose Vega,2 Gary Orsborn2 1Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 2CooperVision Incorporated, San Ramon, CA, USACorrespondence: Sarah E Guthrie, Email sarah.guthrie@uwaterloo.caPurpose: To explore links between subjective comfort and vision in habitual multifocal soft contact lens (MFCL) wearers when refit with daily disposable MFCLs, to determine which factors are relevant for success with MFCLs and evaluate consistency between MFCLs of different designs.Patients and Methods: This work examined subjective measures in a randomised, participant masked, bilateral wear crossover study at five optometry practices. Fifty-eight habitual MFCL wearers wore stenfilcon A multifocal (stenA-MF; CooperVision Inc) and delefilcon A multifocal (delA-MF; Alcon) for two-weeks. Subjective ratings included satisfaction with comfort and vision and agreement questions.Results: Agreement with “I would like to wear this MFCL in the future” was taken to indicate success with each MFCL; agreement was significantly higher with stenA-MF. There was strong correlation between agreement responses for “I would like to wear this MFCL in the future” and “MFCL met my needs for vision” with both lenses (p< 0.01). However, it was only with stenA-MF, which had higher agreement responses to both statements (p< 0.05), that responses to these two statements correlated with satisfaction with end-of-day (EOD) comfort (p< 0.01). These differences in correlations between the two lenses are seemingly driven by greater satisfaction with stenA-MF for near and intermediate vision (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Subjective vision and comfort were only correlated when vision met the needs of most participants. Meeting participants’ needs for vision correlated strongly with wanting to wear a MFCL. Results indicate that meeting vision needs is more imp

18 april 2023, Item does not contain fulltext

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

The present investigation sought to describe the approach to citizen competence in secondary education of the Paraguayan educational system, in order to determine its contribution in the formation of young people, who must participate in a critical, constructive and reflective way in the society that experiences a weak democracy. The study is approached from documentary research, with a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings show that, although citizenship competencies are present in the curriculum, the ways of addressing it in the study programs are not specifically established, as well as, it is inferred that they can be identified as an exclusive requirement for the disciplines of the Social Sciences and not so for the other disciplines that are part of the academic component. The role of teachers is also identified as a weak link, so it is necessary to prioritize teacher training and research on classroom practices. On the other hand, the creation and recognition of student centers at the national level is identified as a strength, since these constitute a space for training and citizen participation. Finally, it highlights that democratic training is not only a commitment of the educational system but must be recognized as a responsibility shared with society, especially the family, which is the first school for students and the central nucleus where the courses must be taught. ethical and democratic values., A presente investigação buscou descrever o enfoque da competência cidadã no ensino médio do sistema educacional paraguaio, a fim de determinar sua contribuição na formação de jovens, que devem participar de forma crítica, construtiva e reflexiva na sociedade que vive uma democracia fraca. O estudo é abordado a partir de uma pesquisa documental, com abordagem qualitativa descritiva. Os achados mostram que, embora as competências de cidadania estejam presentes no currículo, as formas de abordá-las nos programas de estudos não estão especificamente estabelecidas, bem como, infere-se que elas possam ser identificadas como requisito exclusivo das disciplinas do Serviço Social. Ciências e não para as outras disciplinas que fazem parte da componente académica. O papel dos professores também é identificado como um elo fraco, por isso é necessário priorizar a formação de professores e a pesquisa sobre as práticas de sala de aula. Por outro lado, identifica-se como uma fortaleza a criação e reconhecimento de centros estudantis a nível nacional, uma vez que estes constituem um espaço de formação e participação cidadã. Por fim, destaca que a formação democrática não é apenas um compromisso do sistema educacional, mas deve ser reconhecida como uma responsabilidade compartilhada com a sociedade, especialmente a família, que se constitui como a primeira escola dos alunos e o núcleo central onde os cursos devem ser ministrados valores éticos e democráticos., La presente investigación buscó describir el abordaje de la competencia ciudadana en la educación media del sistema educativo paraguayo, a fin de determinar la contribución del mismo en la formación de los jóvenes, quienes deben participar de manera crítica, constructiva y reflexiva en la sociedad que experimenta una democracia débil. El estudio está encarado desde una investigación documental, con enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. Los hallazgos demuestran que, si bien en el currículo se encuentra presentes las competencias ciudadanas, no se establece de manera concreta las maneras de abordarlo en los programas de estudios, así como, se infiere que las mismas pueden ser identificadas como una exigencia exclusiva para las disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales y no así para las demás disciplinas que forman parte del componente académico. También se identifica como eslabón débil el rol del profesorado, por lo que se precisa priorizar la formación docente y la investigación sobre las prácticas en el aula. Por otro lado, se identifica como fortaleza la creación y el reconocimiento de los centros estudiantiles a nivel nacional, ya que estos constituyen un espacio de formación y participación ciudadana. Por último, resalta que la formación democrática no es solo compromiso del sistema educativo sino debe ser reconocida como una responsabilidad compartida con la sociedad, en especial la familia que se constituye como la primera escuela de los estudiantes y el núcleo central donde se deben impartir los valores éticos y democráticos.

Paraguay is in the process of the so-called Educational Transformation and one of its main lines of action is teacher training, taking into account its relevance to face the improvement processes in the educational system. That is why, through this research, it is intended to describe the advances and main challenges of initial training in the indicated educational situation. For this purpose, the documentary review technique was used, through the use of specialized databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar and official documents of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, produced in the last five years (2017- 2022) regarding the teaching issue. In conclusion, significant advances are seen in recent years, however, there are numerous challenges that the educational system must address in relation to Initial Teacher Training, which is why a more effective policy is urgently needed to respond to existing demands. FDI must be recognized as one of the cornerstones for achieving quality education, but not addressed in isolation. It is necessary to constantly review the successes and the deficits evidenced in the new initiatives carried out., Paraguay se encuentra en el proceso de la denominada Transformación Educativa y uno de sus principales ejes de acción es la formación docente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la misma, para encarar los procesos de mejora en el sistema educativo. Es por ello, que mediante esta investigación se pretende describir los avances y principales retos de la formación inicial en la coyuntura educativa señalada. Para el efecto, se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental, a través del uso de base de datos especializadas como Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet y Google Académico y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, producidos en los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) respecto a la cuestión docente. En conclusión, se visualizan avances significativos en los últimos años, sin embargo, son numerosos los retos que debe atender el sistema educativo con relación a la Formación Docente Inicial, por lo que urge una política más efectiva para dar respuestas a las demandas existentes. Se debe reconocer la FDI como una de las piedras angulares para el logro de la educación de calidad, pero no abordarla de manera aislada. Es necesaria la revisión constante de los aciertos y los déficits evidenciados en las nuevas iniciativas llevadas a cabo.

[Background and purpose]: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common life-threatening condition that must be rapidly diagnosed and treated. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding treatment, driven to some extent by prognostic uncertainty. While several prediction models for ICH detection have already been published, here we present a deep learning predictive model for ICH prognosis., [Methods]: We included patients with ICH (n = 262), and we trained a custom model for the classification of patients into poor prognosis and good prognosis, using a hybrid input consisting of brain CT images and other clinical variables. We compared it with two other models, one trained with images only (I-model) and the other with tabular data only (D-model)., [Results]: Our hybrid model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .924 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .831-.986), and an accuracy of .861 (95% CI: .760-.960). The I- and D-models achieved an AUC of .763 (95% CI: .622-.902) and .746 (95% CI: .598-.876), respectively., [Conclusions]: The proposed hybrid model was able to accurately classify patients into good and poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ICH prognosis prediction deep learning model. We concluded that deep learning can be applied for prognosis prediction in ICH that could have a great impact on clinical decision-making. Further, hybrid inputs could be a promising technique for deep learning in medical imaging.

Coronary artery tortuosity is usually an undetected condition in patients undergoing coronary angiography. This condition requires a longer examination by the specialist to be detected. Yet, detailed knowledge of the morphology of coronary arteries is essential for planning any interventional treatment, such as stenting. We aimed to analyze coronary artery tortuosity in coronary angiography with artificial intelligence techniques to develop an algorithm capable of automatically detecting this condition in patients. This work uses deep learning techniques, in particular, convolutional neural networks, to classify patients into tortuous or non-tortuous based on their coronary angiography. The developed model was trained both on left (Spider) and right (45°/0°) coronary angiographies following a fivefold cross-validation procedure. A total of 658 coronary angiographies were included. Experimental results demonstrated satisfactory performance of our image-based tortuosity detection system, with a test accuracy of (87 ± 6)%. The deep learning model had a mean area under the curve of 0.96 ± 0.03 over the test sets. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of the model for detecting coronary artery tortuosity were (87 ± 10)%, (88 ± 10)%, (89 ± 8)%, and (88 ± 9)%, respectively. Deep learning convolutional neural networks were found to have comparable sensitivity and specificity with independent experts’ radiological visual examination for detecting coronary artery tortuosity for a conservative threshold of 0.5. These findings have promising applications in the field of cardiology and medical imaging.

In December 2019, a new coronavirus known as 2019-nCoV emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus has spread globally and the infection was declared pandemic in March 2020. Although most cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mild, some of them rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the clinical management, chest X-rays (CXR) are essential, but the evaluation of COVID-19 CXR could be a challenge. In this context, we developed COVID-19 TRAINING, a free Web application for training on the evaluation of COVID-19 CXR. The application included 196 CXR belonging to three categories: non-pathological, pathological compatible with COVID-19, and pathological non-compatible with COVID-19. On the training screen, images were shown to the users and they chose a diagnosis among those three possibilities. At any time, users could finish the training session and be evaluated through the estimation of their diagnostic accuracy values: sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and global accuracy. Images were hand-labeled by four thoracic radiologists. Average values for sensitivity, specificity, and global accuracy were .72, .64, and .68. Users who achieved better sensitivity registered less specificity (p < .0001) and those with higher specificity decreased their sensitivity (p < .0001). Users who sent more answers achieved better accuracy (p = .0002). The application COVID-19 TRAINING provides a revolutionary tool to learn the necessary skills to evaluate COVID-19 on CXR. Diagnosis training applications could provide a new original manner of evaluation for medical professionals based on their diagnostic accuracy values, and an efficient method to collect valuable data for research purposes.

[EN] At present, the curricular improvement carried out in the career has led to a new plan of the teaching process, in which the essentiality of the contents constitutes a fundamental aspect to reduce the training time and achieve higher levels of independence and protagonist of the student. It is also important how these contents are integrated between the different disciplines that make up the career. Correspondingly, the MES has within its premises for the elaboration of the Study Plans E “To promote the protagonist of the student in their training process”, thus arising this work where the disciplines of mathematics and electrical circuits have been integrated, developing didactic materials , such as monographs aimed at teaching - learning mathematics applied to electrical circuits on topics such as state variables and frequency method for the analysis of electrical circuits, which will not only help to improve the teaching - learning process but also to the motivation of students for the race. The research was developed in the Electrical Engineering career, for second-year students, of the Technological University of Havana, CUJAE and its results were evaluated from an interview with the students., [ES] En la actualidad el perfeccionamiento curricular realizado en la carrera de ingeniería eléctrica ha conllevado a un nuevo plan del proceso docente, en el que la esencialidad de los contenidos constituye un aspecto fundamental para reducir el tiempo de formación y lograr mayores niveles de independencia y protagonismo del estudiante. También es importante como se integran estos contenidos entre las distintas disciplinas que conforman la carrera. En correspondencia el MES tiene dentro de sus premisas para la elaboración de los Planes de estudio E “Potenciar el protagonismo del estudiante en su proceso de formación”, surgiendo así este trabajo donde se han integrado las disciplinas de matemática y circuitos eléctricos, desarrollándose materiales didácticos, como monografías dirigidos a la enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática aplicada a los circuitos eléctricos en temas como variables de estados y método de frecuencia para el análisis de circuitos eléctricos, lo cual no solo ayudara a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje sino también a la motivación de los estudiantes por la carrera. La investigación se desarrolló en la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica, para estudiantes de segundo año, de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana, CUJAE, y sus resultados fueron evaluados a partir de entrevista a los estudiantes.

[EN] At present, the curricular improvement carried out in the career has led to a new plan of the teaching process, in which the essentiality of the contents constitutes a fundamental aspect to reduce the training time and achieve higher levels of independence and protagonist of the student. It is also important how these contents are integrated between the different disciplines that make up the career. Correspondingly, the MES has within its premises for the elaboration of the Study Plans E “To promote the protagonist of the student in their training process”, thus arising this work where the disciplines of mathematics and electrical circuits have been integrated, developing didactic materials , such as monographs aimed at teaching - learning mathematics applied to electrical circuits on topics such as state variables and frequency method for the analysis of electrical circuits, which will not only help to improve the teaching - learning process but also to the motivation of students for the race. The research was developed in the Electrical Engineering career, for second-year students, of the Technological University of Havana, CUJAE and its results were evaluated from an interview with the students., [ES] En la actualidad el perfeccionamiento curricular realizado en la carrera de ingeniería eléctrica ha conllevado a un nuevo plan del proceso docente, en el que la esencialidad de los contenidos constituye un aspecto fundamental para reducir el tiempo de formación y lograr mayores niveles de independencia y protagonismo del estudiante. También es importante como se integran estos contenidos entre las distintas disciplinas que conforman la carrera. En correspondencia el MES tiene dentro de sus premisas para la elaboración de los Planes de estudio E “Potenciar el protagonismo del estudiante en su proceso de formación”, surgiendo así este trabajo donde se han integrado las disciplinas de matemática y circuitos eléctricos, desarrollándose materiales didácticos, como monografías dirigidos a la enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática aplicada a los circuitos eléctricos en temas como variables de estados y método de frecuencia para el análisis de circuitos eléctricos, lo cual no solo ayudara a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje sino también a la motivación de los estudiantes por la carrera. La investigación se desarrolló en la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica, para estudiantes de segundo año, de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana, CUJAE, y sus resultados fueron evaluados a partir de entrevista a los estudiantes.

[EN] At present, the curricular improvement carried out in the career has led to a new plan of the teaching process, in which the essentiality of the contents constitutes a fundamental aspect to reduce the training time and achieve higher levels of independence and protagonist of the student. It is also important how these contents are integrated between the different disciplines that make up the career. Correspondingly, the MES has within its premises for the elaboration of the Study Plans E “To promote the protagonist of the student in their training process”, thus arising this work where the disciplines of mathematics and electrical circuits have been integrated, developing didactic materials , such as monographs aimed at teaching - learning mathematics applied to electrical circuits on topics such as state variables and frequency method for the analysis of electrical circuits, which will not only help to improve the teaching - learning process but also to the motivation of students for the race. The research was developed in the Electrical Engineering career, for second-year students, of the Technological University of Havana, CUJAE and its results were evaluated from an interview with the students., [ES] En la actualidad el perfeccionamiento curricular realizado en la carrera de ingeniería eléctrica ha conllevado a un nuevo plan del proceso docente, en el que la esencialidad de los contenidos constituye un aspecto fundamental para reducir el tiempo de formación y lograr mayores niveles de independencia y protagonismo del estudiante. También es importante como se integran estos contenidos entre las distintas disciplinas que conforman la carrera. En correspondencia el MES tiene dentro de sus premisas para la elaboración de los Planes de estudio E “Potenciar el protagonismo del estudiante en su proceso de formación”, surgiendo así este trabajo donde se han integrado las disciplinas de matemática y circuitos eléctricos, desarrollándose materiales didácticos, como monografías dirigidos a la enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática aplicada a los circuitos eléctricos en temas como variables de estados y método de frecuencia para el análisis de circuitos eléctricos, lo cual no solo ayudara a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje sino también a la motivación de los estudiantes por la carrera. La investigación se desarrolló en la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica, para estudiantes de segundo año, de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana, CUJAE, y sus resultados fueron evaluados a partir de entrevista a los estudiantes.

[EN] At present, the curricular improvement carried out in the career has led to a new plan of the teaching process, in which the essentiality of the contents constitutes a fundamental aspect to reduce the training time and achieve higher levels of independence and protagonist of the student. It is also important how these contents are integrated between the different disciplines that make up the career. Correspondingly, the MES has within its premises for the elaboration of the Study Plans E “To promote the protagonist of the student in their training process”, thus arising this work where the disciplines of mathematics and electrical circuits have been integrated, developing didactic materials , such as monographs aimed at teaching - learning mathematics applied to electrical circuits on topics such as state variables and frequency method for the analysis of electrical circuits, which will not only help to improve the teaching - learning process but also to the motivation of students for the race. The research was developed in the Electrical Engineering career, for second-year students, of the Technological University of Havana, CUJAE and its results were evaluated from an interview with the students., [ES] En la actualidad el perfeccionamiento curricular realizado en la carrera de ingeniería eléctrica ha conllevado a un nuevo plan del proceso docente, en el que la esencialidad de los contenidos constituye un aspecto fundamental para reducir el tiempo de formación y lograr mayores niveles de independencia y protagonismo del estudiante. También es importante como se integran estos contenidos entre las distintas disciplinas que conforman la carrera. En correspondencia el MES tiene dentro de sus premisas para la elaboración de los Planes de estudio E “Potenciar el protagonismo del estudiante en su proceso de formación”, surgiendo así este trabajo donde se han integrado las disciplinas de matemática y circuitos eléctricos, desarrollándose materiales didácticos, como monografías dirigidos a la enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática aplicada a los circuitos eléctricos en temas como variables de estados y método de frecuencia para el análisis de circuitos eléctricos, lo cual no solo ayudara a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje sino también a la motivación de los estudiantes por la carrera. La investigación se desarrolló en la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica, para estudiantes de segundo año, de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana, CUJAE, y sus resultados fueron evaluados a partir de entrevista a los estudiantes.

Science and innovation are not a luxury but a prerequisite for social and economic development (Annan, 2003).

Science and innovation are not a luxury but a prerequisite for social and economic development (Annan, 2003).

Science and innovation are not a luxury but a prerequisite for social and economic development (Annan, 2003).

Health care inequities among racial and ethnic groups remain prevalent. For people with type 1 diabetes who require increased medical access and care, disparities are seen in access to care and health outcomes. This article reports on a study by the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative evaluating differences in A1C, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycemia, and technology use among racial and ethnic groups. In a diverse cohort of nearly 20,000 children and adults with type 1 diabetes, A1C was found to differ significantly among racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher rates of DKA and severe hypoglycemia and the lowest rate of technology use. These results underscore the crucial need to study and overcome the barriers that lead to inequities in the care and outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes.

Fusarium oxysporumcauses losses in tomato production,to control it are used chemical fungicides that affect the environment andcause resistance problems; so alternatives such as plant extracts have beendeveloped. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the biologicaleffectiveness of plant extracts from the mexican semi-desert againstF.oxysporumunder greenhouse conditions. The treatments were: T1 =A.lechuguillaleaf (250 mg L−1), T2 =C. illinoinensishusk (250 mg L−1), T3=L. graveolensleaf (500 mg L−1), T4 =L. graveolensstem (125 mg L−1),T5 = chemical witness, T6 = absolute witness (inoculated) and T7 = control;the incidence and severity of the disease, and morphometric variables wereevaluated. A decrease in the incidence and severity of the disease wasobserved with extracts ofA. lechuguillaleaf andL. graveolensstem, also ahigher development in morphometric parameters of the plants., Fusarium oxysporumcausa pérdidas en la producción detomate, para su control se emplean fungicidas químicos que afectan elmedio ambiente y causan problemas de resistencia; por lo que se handesarrollado alternativas como los extractos vegetales.El objetivo delpresente trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad biológica de extractos de plan-tas del semidesierto mexicano contraF. oxysporumbajo condiciones deinvernadero. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 =A. lechuguillahoja (250 mgL−1), T2 =C. illinoinensisruezno (250 mg L−1), T3 =L. graveolenshoja(500 mg L−1), T4 =L. graveolenstallo (125 mg L−1), T5 = testigo químico,T6 = testigo absoluto (inoculado) y T7 = control; a los que se les evaluóla incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad, y variables morfométricas. Seobservó disminución de la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad conextractos deA. lechuguillahoja yL. graveolenstallo, además de un mayordesarrollo en parámetros morfométricos de las plantas.

Deep learning is nowadays at the forefront of artificial intelligence. More precisely, the use of convolutional neural networks has drastically improved the learning capabilities of computer vision applications, being able to directly consider raw data without any prior feature extraction. Advanced methods in the machine learning field, such as adaptive momentum algorithms or dropout regularization, have dramatically improved the convolutional neural networks predicting ability, outperforming that of conventional fully connected neural networks. This work summarizes, in an intended didactic way, the main aspects of these cutting-edge techniques from a medical imaging perspective.

High-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplication (HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD) is a recently proposed tumor entity of the central nervous system (CNS) with a distinct methylation profile and characteristic genetic alteration. The complete spectrum of histologic features, accompanying genetic alterations, clinical outcomes, and optimal treatment for this new tumor entity are largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive assessment of 10 new cases of HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD. The tumors mostly occurred in young children and were located in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres. On imaging all tumors were large, well-circumscribed, heterogeneous masses with variable enhancement and reduced diffusion. They were histologically characterized by predominantly solid growth, glioma-like fibrillarity, perivascular pseudorosettes, and palisading necrosis, but absence of microvascular proliferation. They demonstrated sparse to absent GFAP expression, no synaptophysin expression, variable OLIG2 and NeuN positivity, and diffuse strong BCOR nuclear positivity. While BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplication was the solitary pathogenic alteration identified in six cases, four cases contained additional alterations including CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, TERT amplification or promoter hotspot mutation, and damaging mutations in TP53, BCORL1, EP300, SMARCA2 and STAG2. While the limited clinical follow-up in prior reports had indicated a uniformly dismal prognosis for this tumor entity, this cohort includes multiple long-term survivors. Our study further supports inclusion of HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD as a distinct CNS tumor entity and expands the known clinicopathologic, radiographic, and genetic features.

High-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplication (HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD) is a recently proposed tumor entity of the central nervous system (CNS) with a distinct methylation profile and characteristic genetic alteration. The complete spectrum of histologic features, accompanying genetic alterations, clinical outcomes, and optimal treatment for this new tumor entity are largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive assessment of 10 new cases of HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD. The tumors mostly occurred in young children and were located in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres. On imaging all tumors were large, well-circumscribed, heterogeneous masses with variable enhancement and reduced diffusion. They were histologically characterized by predominantly solid growth, glioma-like fibrillarity, perivascular pseudorosettes, and palisading necrosis, but absence of microvascular proliferation. They demonstrated sparse to absent GFAP expression, no synaptophysin expression, variable OLIG2 and NeuN positivity, and diffuse strong BCOR nuclear positivity. While BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplication was the solitary pathogenic alteration identified in six cases, four cases contained additional alterations including CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, TERT amplification or promoter hotspot mutation, and damaging mutations in TP53, BCORL1, EP300, SMARCA2 and STAG2. While the limited clinical follow-up in prior reports had indicated a uniformly dismal prognosis for this tumor entity, this cohort includes multiple long-term survivors. Our study further supports inclusion of HGNET BCOR ex15 ITD as a distinct CNS tumor entity and expands the known clinicopathologic, radiographic, and genetic features.

Miscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes. The asymmetric distribution of transposons across the two homoeologous subgenomes proves Miscanthus paleo-allotetraploidy and identifies several balanced reciprocal homoeologous exchanges. Analysis of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus populations demonstrates extensive interspecific admixture and hybridization, and documents the origin of the highly productive triploid bioenergy crop M. × giganteus. Transcriptional profiling of leaves, stem, and rhizomes over growing seasons provides insight into rhizome development and nutrient recycling, processes critical for sustainable biomass accumulation in a perennial temperate grass. The Miscanthus genome expands the power of comparative genomics to understand traits of importance to Andropogoneae grasses.

We analysed thirty-five 400-m2 plots encompassing forest, savanna and intermediate vegetation types in an ecotonal area in Ghana, West Africa. Across all plots, fire frequency was over a period of 15 years relatively uniform (once in 2-4 years). Although woodlands were dominated by species typically associated with savanna-type formations, and with forest formations dominated by species usually associated with closed canopies, these associations were non-obligatory and with a discrete non-specialized species grouping also identified. Across all plots, crown area index, stem basal area and above-ground biomass were positively associated with higher soil exchangeable potassium and silt contents: This supporting recent suggestions of interplays between potassium and soil water storage potential as a significant influence on tropical vegetation structure. We also found an average NDVI cover increase of ∼0.15% year-1 (1984-2011) with plots dominated by non-specialized species increasing more than those dominated by either forest-or savanna-affiliated species. Our results challenge the traditional view of a simple forest vs. savanna dichotomy controlled by fire, and with our newly identified third non-specialized species grouping also potentially important in understanding ecotonal responses to climate change.

We analysed thirty-five 400-m2 plots encompassing forest, savanna and intermediate vegetation types in an ecotonal area in Ghana, West Africa. Across all plots, fire frequency was over a period of 15 years relatively uniform (once in 2-4 years). Although woodlands were dominated by species typically associated with savanna-type formations, and with forest formations dominated by species usually associated with closed canopies, these associations were non-obligatory and with a discrete non-specialized species grouping also identified. Across all plots, crown area index, stem basal area and above-ground biomass were positively associated with higher soil exchangeable potassium and silt contents: This supporting recent suggestions of interplays between potassium and soil water storage potential as a significant influence on tropical vegetation structure. We also found an average NDVI cover increase of ∼0.15% year-1 (1984-2011) with plots dominated by non-specialized species increasing more than those dominated by either forest-or savanna-affiliated species. Our results challenge the traditional view of a simple forest vs. savanna dichotomy controlled by fire, and with our newly identified third non-specialized species grouping also potentially important in understanding ecotonal responses to climate change.

Layered semiconductors, like transition-metal dichalcogenides and III-VI monochalcogenides, possess interesting properties attractive for future opto-electronic applications. Among the III-VI monochalcogenides, gallium telluride (GaTe) possesses a unique monoclinic structure, good p-type transport properties, and contrary to most layered materials, a direct bandgap in the bulk (1.67 eV). This dissertation explores different avenues for the bandgap engineering of GaTe, including access to the bandstructure through the layers’ surfaces, conventional semiconductor alloying and stabilization of alternate metastable phases. In the presence of air, mechanically exfoliated GaTe develops a deep-level defect band effectively reducing the bandgap in a direct-to-indirect transition to about 0.8 eV. The intercalation and chemisorption of molecular oxygen to the Te-terminated layers was responsible for the behavior. I discuss on how surface defects created by the mechanical exfoliation facilitate the transformation as well as procedures to delay or accelerate such transformation. Contrary to traditional bandgap engineering methods, the partial reversibility of this process can also be achieved. The alignment of the conduction and valence band edges as well as shallow-defect levels were determined following an ion irradiation study. Based on the amphoteric defect model, the conduction band and valence band edges of GaTe were found to be 3.47 eV and 5.12 eV below vacuum, respectively. Low-temperature spectroscopy found two acceptor levels around 100 and 150 meV above the valence band and a donor level around 130 meV below the conduction band.Gallium selenide (GaSe) and GaTe alloys (GaSexTe1-x) were grown by vapor deposition. Monoclininc crystals were obtained for x < 0.32, and hexagonal crystals were obtained for x > 0.28. The bandgap of the monoclinic phase increases linearly with Se content from 1.65 eV to 1.77 eV while hexagonal-phase bandgap decreases from 2.01 eV (GaSe)

Layered semiconductors, like transition-metal dichalcogenides and III-VI monochalcogenides, possess interesting properties attractive for future opto-electronic applications. Among the III-VI monochalcogenides, gallium telluride (GaTe) possesses a unique monoclinic structure, good p-type transport properties, and contrary to most layered materials, a direct bandgap in the bulk (1.67 eV). This dissertation explores different avenues for the bandgap engineering of GaTe, including access to the bandstructure through the layers’ surfaces, conventional semiconductor alloying and stabilization of alternate metastable phases. In the presence of air, mechanically exfoliated GaTe develops a deep-level defect band effectively reducing the bandgap in a direct-to-indirect transition to about 0.8 eV. The intercalation and chemisorption of molecular oxygen to the Te-terminated layers was responsible for the behavior. I discuss on how surface defects created by the mechanical exfoliation facilitate the transformation as well as procedures to delay or accelerate such transformation. Contrary to traditional bandgap engineering methods, the partial reversibility of this process can also be achieved. The alignment of the conduction and valence band edges as well as shallow-defect levels were determined following an ion irradiation study. Based on the amphoteric defect model, the conduction band and valence band edges of GaTe were found to be 3.47 eV and 5.12 eV below vacuum, respectively. Low-temperature spectroscopy found two acceptor levels around 100 and 150 meV above the valence band and a donor level around 130 meV below the conduction band.Gallium selenide (GaSe) and GaTe alloys (GaSexTe1-x) were grown by vapor deposition. Monoclininc crystals were obtained for x < 0.32, and hexagonal crystals were obtained for x > 0.28. The bandgap of the monoclinic phase increases linearly with Se content from 1.65 eV to 1.77 eV while hexagonal-phase bandgap decreases from 2.01 eV (GaSe)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8(+), CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, as compared to Proneural and Classical subtypes. High expression levels of the TAM-related gene AIF1, which encodes the TAM-specific protein IBA1, correlated with a worse prognosis in Proneural GBM, but conferred a survival benefit in Mesenchymal tumors. We used our data to construct a mathematical model that could reliably identify Mesenchymal GBM with high sensitivity using a combination of the aforementioned cell-specific IHC markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes are characterized by profound differences in the composition of their immune microenvironment, which could potentially help to identify tumors amenable to immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8(+), CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, as compared to Proneural and Classical subtypes. High expression levels of the TAM-related gene AIF1, which encodes the TAM-specific protein IBA1, correlated with a worse prognosis in Proneural GBM, but conferred a survival benefit in Mesenchymal tumors. We used our data to construct a mathematical model that could reliably identify Mesenchymal GBM with high sensitivity using a combination of the aforementioned cell-specific IHC markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes are characterized by profound differences in the composition of their immune microenvironment, which could potentially help to identify tumors amenable to immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8(+), CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, as compared to Proneural and Classical subtypes. High expression levels of the TAM-related gene AIF1, which encodes the TAM-specific protein IBA1, correlated with a worse prognosis in Proneural GBM, but conferred a survival benefit in Mesenchymal tumors. We used our data to construct a mathematical model that could reliably identify Mesenchymal GBM with high sensitivity using a combination of the aforementioned cell-specific IHC markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes are characterized by profound differences in the composition of their immune microenvironment, which could potentially help to identify tumors amenable to immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8(+), CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, as compared to Proneural and Classical subtypes. High expression levels of the TAM-related gene AIF1, which encodes the TAM-specific protein IBA1, correlated with a worse prognosis in Proneural GBM, but conferred a survival benefit in Mesenchymal tumors. We used our data to construct a mathematical model that could reliably identify Mesenchymal GBM with high sensitivity using a combination of the aforementioned cell-specific IHC markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes are characterized by profound differences in the composition of their immune microenvironment, which could potentially help to identify tumors amenable to immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8(+), CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, as compared to Proneural and Classical subtypes. High expression levels of the TAM-related gene AIF1, which encodes the TAM-specific protein IBA1, correlated with a worse prognosis in Proneural GBM, but conferred a survival benefit in Mesenchymal tumors. We used our data to construct a mathematical model that could reliably identify Mesenchymal GBM with high sensitivity using a combination of the aforementioned cell-specific IHC markers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes are characterized by profound differences in the composition of their immune microenvironment, which could potentially help to identify tumors amenable to immunotherapy.

© 2019, Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica. All rights reserved. Introduction: To evaluate the functional outcome of patients with displaced femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation with cannulated screws at the Hospital Luis Vernaza, Ecuador. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 15 patients with displaced femoral neck fracture, treated by internal fixation with cannulated screws during the period 2015 to 2017 in the Traumatology Service at the Hospital Luis Vernaza. Functional outcome was measured using the Merle D’Aubigné scale at 12 months. Results: Out of the studied population, 86.6% (n=13) <65 years old and 13.4% (n=2) ≥65 years old. The functional outcome obtained according to the Merle D’Aubigné scale was: very good (33.3%; n=5), good (33.3% n=5), regular (20%; n=3), and poor (13.4%; n=2), highlighting the presence of pain and mobility disorders in the last 4 patients. Conclusion: Patients with displaced femoral neck fracture treated by internal fixation with cannulated screws presented a good or a very good functional result in most cases after 12 months of follow-up. This data indicates the potential utility of this surgical procedure in patients younger than 65 years.

Research has shown that input is essential to second language (L2) learning, but input alone may not always be enough for learning to occur. Specifically, adult learners need a pedagogical intervention such as form-focused instruction in order to gain proficiency in the L2. Form-focused instruction varies in its levels of explicitness as it comprises implicit types of training such as input enhancement and more explicit interventions like processing instruction. The effectiveness of implicit and explicit form-focused instruction has not been conclusive. Namely, there is contradicting evidence about whether both implicit and explicit form-focused instruction promote implicit or explicit knowledge respectively or whether each promotes both types of knowledge. There is also no certainty about the types of target forms that are more likely to be learned through implicit or explicit instruction. The present study addresses these shortcomings by reporting the main findings of a lab experiment conducted over a six-week period with university students learning English in Mexico. A pool of 124 learners of English as a foreign language participated. The linguistic target chosen for this study was the use of three prepositions: in, on and by which co-occur in the context of forms of transportation. Measures of implicit and explicit knowledge were used before and after giving all participants three training sessions to assess their progress. A delayed posttest was used to measure if any of the treatments had any long-term effects. Participants were randomly assigned to four different training conditions which varied in their degrees of explicitness. All participants except for those assigned to the control condition received exposure to textual enhancement. The textual enhancement condition did not involve any explicit type of instruction. The metalinguistic instruction condition comprised an explanation of three target rules in addition to textual enhancement. The processing i

Research has shown that input is essential to second language (L2) learning, but input alone may not always be enough for learning to occur. Specifically, adult learners need a pedagogical intervention such as form-focused instruction in order to gain proficiency in the L2. Form-focused instruction varies in its levels of explicitness as it comprises implicit types of training such as input enhancement and more explicit interventions like processing instruction. The effectiveness of implicit and explicit form-focused instruction has not been conclusive. Namely, there is contradicting evidence about whether both implicit and explicit form-focused instruction promote implicit or explicit knowledge respectively or whether each promotes both types of knowledge. There is also no certainty about the types of target forms that are more likely to be learned through implicit or explicit instruction. The present study addresses these shortcomings by reporting the main findings of a lab experiment conducted over a six-week period with university students learning English in Mexico. A pool of 124 learners of English as a foreign language participated. The linguistic target chosen for this study was the use of three prepositions: in, on and by which co-occur in the context of forms of transportation. Measures of implicit and explicit knowledge were used before and after giving all participants three training sessions to assess their progress. A delayed posttest was used to measure if any of the treatments had any long-term effects. Participants were randomly assigned to four different training conditions which varied in their degrees of explicitness. All participants except for those assigned to the control condition received exposure to textual enhancement. The textual enhancement condition did not involve any explicit type of instruction. The metalinguistic instruction condition comprised an explanation of three target rules in addition to textual enhancement. The processing i

Cellular phenotypic features derived from histopathology images are the basis of pathologic diagnosis and are thought to be related to underlying molecular profiles. Due to overwhelming cell numbers and population heterogeneity, it remains challenging to quantitatively compute and compare features of cells with distinct molecular signatures. In this study, we propose a self-reliant and efficient analysis framework that supports quantitative analysis of cellular phenotypic difference across distinct molecular groups. To demonstrate efficacy, we quantitatively analyze astrocytomas that are molecularly characterized as either Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant (MUT) or wildtype (WT) using imaging data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Representative cell instances that are phenotypically different between these two groups are retrieved after segmentation, feature computation, data pruning, dimensionality reduction, and unsupervised clustering. Our analysis is generic and can be applied to a wide set of cell-based biomedical research.

Despite the promise of research conducted at the intersection of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), natural language processing, and second language acquisition, few studies have explored the potential benefits of using intelligent CALL systems to deepen our understanding of the process and products of second language (L2) learning. The strategic use of technology offers researchers novel methodological opportunities to examine how incremental changes in L2 development occur during treatment as well as how the longitudinal impacts of experimental interventions on L2 learning outcomes occur on a case-by-case basis. Drawing on the pilot results from a project examining the effects of automatic input enhancement on L2 learners’ development, this article explores how the use of technology offers additional methodological and analytical choices for the investigation of the process and outcomes of L2 development, illustrating the opportunities to study what learners do during visually enhanced instructional activities.

Miguel Román-Rodríguez,1 Lara Ibarrola-Ruiz,2 Fernando Mora,3 Vicente Plaza,4 Joaquín Sastre,5 Alfonso Torrego,4 José María Vega6 Guadalupe Sánchez-Herrero2 1Centro de Salud Son Pisà, IB-Salut, Balearic Health Service, Unidad de investigación en enfermedades crónicas respiratorias en atención primaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 2GSK, 3Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 5Department of Allergology, Fundación Jimenez Díaz y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, 6Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes and perceptions of health care professionals (HCPs) who have been trained in motivational interviewing (MI) to improve adherence. Another objective of this study was to compare groups of HCPs with different levels of training in adherence (trained vs untrained; previous training in adherence education [AdhE] vs specific training in MI). Methods: For this study, a national questionnaire-based survey was conducted among HCPs treating asthma. A total of 360 HCPs were surveyed (allergists: n=110; pulmonologists: n=120; general practitioners: n=130). Of them, 180 physicians had received a training intervention (training in AdhE: n=90; training in MI to promote adherence: n=90). Results: Of the total surveyed HCPs, 92.8% reported adherence is highly important in asthma c

Despite the promise of research conducted at the intersection of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), natural language processing, and second language acquisition, few studies have explored the potential benefits of using intelligent CALL systems to deepen our understanding of the process and products of second language (L2) learning. The strategic use of technology offers researchers novel methodological opportunities to examine how incremental changes in L2 development occur during treatment as well as how the longitudinal impacts of experimental interventions on L2 learning outcomes occur on a case-by-case basis. Drawing on the pilot results from a project examining the effects of automatic input enhancement on L2 learners’ development, this article explores how the use of technology offers additional methodological and analytical choices for the investigation of the process and outcomes of L2 development, illustrating the opportunities to study what learners do during visually enhanced instructional activities.

Second language learning outcomes are highly variable, due to a variety of factors, including individual differences, exposure conditions, and linguistic complexity. However, exactly how these factors interact to influence language learning is unknown. This paper examines the relationship between these three variables in language learners. Native English speakers were exposed to an artificial language containing three sentence patterns of varying linguistic complexity. They were randomly assigned to two groups – incidental and instructed – designed to promote the acquisition of implicit and explicit knowledge, respectively. Learning was assessed with a grammaticality judgment task, while subjective measures of awareness were used to measure whether exposure had resulted in implicit or explicit knowledge. Participants also completed cognitive tests. Awareness measures demonstrated that learners in the incidental group relied more on implicit knowledge, whereas learners in the instructed group relied more on explicit knowledge. Overall, exposure condition was the most significant predictor of performance on the grammaticality judgment task, with learners in the instructed group outperforming those in the incidental group. Performance on a procedural learning task accounted for additional variance. When outcomes were analysed according to linguistic complexity, exposure condition was the most significant predictor for two syntactic patterns, but it was not a predictor for the most complex sentence group; instead, procedural learning ability was.

Second language learning outcomes are highly variable, due to a variety of factors, including individual differences, exposure conditions, and linguistic complexity. However, exactly how these factors interact to influence language learning is unknown. This paper examines the relationship between these three variables in language learners. Native English speakers were exposed to an artificial language containing three sentence patterns of varying linguistic complexity. They were randomly assigned to two groups – incidental and instructed – designed to promote the acquisition of implicit and explicit knowledge, respectively. Learning was assessed with a grammaticality judgment task, while subjective measures of awareness were used to measure whether exposure had resulted in implicit or explicit knowledge. Participants also completed cognitive tests. Awareness measures demonstrated that learners in the incidental group relied more on implicit knowledge, whereas learners in the instructed group relied more on explicit knowledge. Overall, exposure condition was the most significant predictor of performance on the grammaticality judgment task, with learners in the instructed group outperforming those in the incidental group. Performance on a procedural learning task accounted for additional variance. When outcomes were analysed according to linguistic complexity, exposure condition was the most significant predictor for two syntactic patterns, but it was not a predictor for the most complex sentence group; instead, procedural learning ability was.

A shrubland fire behaviour dataset was assembled using data from experimental studies in Australia, New Zealand, Europe and South Africa. The dataset covers a wide range of heathlands and shrubland species associations and vegetation structures. Three models for rate of spread are developed using 2-m wind speed, a wind reduction factor, elevated dead fuel moisture content and either vegetation height (with or without live fuel moisture content) or bulk density. The models are tested against independent data from prescribed fires and wildfires and found to predict fire spread rate within acceptable limits (mean absolute errors varying between 3.5 and 9.1 m min-1). A simple model to predict dead fuel moisture content is evaluated, and an ignition line length correction is proposed. Although the model can be expected to provide robust predictions of rate of spread in a broad range of shrublands, the effects of slope steepness and variation in fuel quantity and composition are yet to be quantified. The model does not predict threshold conditions for continuous fire spread, and future work should focus on identifying fuel and weather factors that control transitions in fire behaviour.

Recent advances in basic cardiovascular research as well as their translation into the clinical situation were the focus at the last "New Frontiers in Cardiovascular Research meeting". Major topics included the characterization of new targets and procedures in cardioprotection, deciphering new players and inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic heart disease as well as uncovering microRNAs and other biomarkers as versatile and possibly causal factors in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Although a number of pathological situations such as ischemia-reperfusion injury or atherosclerosis can be simulated and manipulated in diverse animal models, also to challenge new drugs for intervention, patient studies are the ultimate litmus test to obtain unequivocal information about the validity of biomedical concepts and their application in the clinics. Thus, the open and bidirectional exchange between bench and bedside is crucial to advance the field of ischemic heart disease with a particular emphasis of understanding long-lasting approaches in cardioprotection.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a globally significant forage legume in pastoral livestock farming systems. It is an attractive component of grassland farming, because of its high yield and protein content, nutritional value and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Enhancing its role further in sustainable agriculture requires genetic improvement of persistency, disease resistance, and tolerance to grazing. To help address these challenges, we have assembled a chromosome-scale reference genome for red clover. We observed large blocks of conserved synteny with Medicago truncatula and estimated that the two species diverged ∼23 million years ago. Among the 40,868 annotated genes, we identified gene clusters involved in biochemical pathways of importance for forage quality and livestock nutrition. Genotyping by sequencing of a synthetic population of 86 genotypes show that the number of markers required for genomics-based breeding approaches is tractable, making red clover a suitable candidate for association studies and genomic selection.

A shrubland fire behaviour dataset was assembled using data from experimental studies in Australia, New Zealand, Europe and South Africa. The dataset covers a wide range of heathlands and shrubland species associations and vegetation structures. Three models for rate of spread are developed using 2-m wind speed, a wind reduction factor, elevated dead fuel moisture content and either vegetation height (with or without live fuel moisture content) or bulk density. The models are tested against independent data from prescribed fires and wildfires and found to predict fire spread rate within acceptable limits (mean absolute errors varying between 3.5 and 9.1 m min-1). A simple model to predict dead fuel moisture content is evaluated, and an ignition line length correction is proposed. Although the model can be expected to provide robust predictions of rate of spread in a broad range of shrublands, the effects of slope steepness and variation in fuel quantity and composition are yet to be quantified. The model does not predict threshold conditions for continuous fire spread, and future work should focus on identifying fuel and weather factors that control transitions in fire behaviour.