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In the last decade, mobile technology offered new opportunities and challenges in animal health surveillance. It began with the use of basic mobile phones and short message service (SMS) for disease reporting, and the development of smartphones and other mobile tools has expanded the possibilities for data collection. These tools assist in the collection of data as well as geo-referenced mapping of diseases, and mapping, visualization and identification of vectors such as ticks. In this article we share our findings about new technologies in the domain of animal health surveillance, based on several projects using a wide range of mobile tools, each with their specific applicability and limitations. For each of the tools used, a comprehensive overview is given about its applicability, limitations, technical requirements, cost and also the perception of the users.The evaluation of the tools clearly shows the importance of selecting the appropriate tool depending on the envisaged data to be collected. Accessibility, visualization and cost related to data collection differ significantly among the tools tested. This paper can thus be seen as a practical guide to the currently available tools. © 2012 Cambridge University Press.

This paper deals with the devastating food insecurity in two densely populated provinces in the north of Burundi as a result of overpopulation and low production capacity in the aftermath of conflict. We compare data that was collected in the Ngozi and Muyinga Province in 2007 with data of households interviewed on the same hills in 1996. Households live from subsistence farming, erratic surplus sales, sales of coffee and banana and occasional off- and non-farm work. We find that not only did production levels decrease but also total factor productivity (Malmquist indices calculated with DEA approach) dropped in 83% of the hills between 1996 and 2007.

Applied Sciences

Applied Sciences

The non-linear behaviour of MOSFETs is historically represented by compact models. Now that MOSFETs are gradually used in high-frequency analogue circuits, techniques originally developed for III-V devices can be applied and adjusted to MOSFETs. We present the development of an accurate table-based MOSFET model and stress the differences with the corresponding HEMT implementation.

The non-linear behaviour of MOSFETs is historically represented by compact models. Now that MOSFETs are gradually used in high-frequency analogue circuits, techniques originally developed for III-V devices can be applied and adjusted to MOSFETs. We present the development of an accurate table-based MOSFET model and stress the differences with the corresponding HEMT implementation.

Cytogenetic data on angiomyolipomas are scarce. We report a series of 10 cases from nine patients without clinical history of tuberous sclerosis. We found chromosome abnormalities in two, and in both cases the chromosomal changes were only numerical ones, i.e., trisomy 7 and trisomy 8. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997.