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Background. Paternity leave is a right that allows fathers to take care of their newborns in the first days of life; however, parental leave for fathers is still not recognized equally in European Union countries, with important consequences on the occupational wellbeing of employees. This review aimed to research the current legislation on paternity leave in 27 European Union countries. Material and methods. A review of the legislative framework for all 27 European Union member states was conducted through desk research on the online institutional repositories of the European Union, ministries, or National Institutes of Health of the selected countries to screen information on paternity leave legislation, population size, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, unemployment rate and number of average children per family. Results. Our analysis shows that the duration of paternity leave and the daily allowance for absence from work vary significantly within the European Union. Cyprus and the Netherlands still fall short of the minimum 10 days required by the European directive. Disparities are even more pronounced concerning the period of uptake, as while in Romania, it must be taken within the first 56 days of the child’s life, in Sweden, there is the option to take it within the first 12 years. Conclusion. A unified vision of the issue is needed, since effective paternity leave regulations could have a positive effect on reducing the risk of parental stress and enhancing the birth rate, ensuring the psychological wellbeing of employees during the initial period of parenthood.

The authors question whether, and to what extent, the national legislator has considered the provision of Article 11 of the Istanbul Convention, about «data collection and research» on violence against women and domestic violence. The focus is on the international classification system ICD-9-CM and the challenging coding process to better monitoring the violence against women phenomenon, developing specific care pathways, clinical oversight, governance, and to improve the research. The legally binding Istanbul Convention prompts the authors to emphasize the importance of the training of all professionals who are involved in assisting women who experienced violence. Furthermore, the paper offers information about the recent Law n.53 of 2022, underlines the strategic role of supplementary ICD-9-CM codes E and V, as well as codes for surgical interventions and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and underscores the irreplaceable support of ad hoc research in the universities to ensure evidence-based political choices and concrete action plans against woman violence.

In the frame of the EMEP/ACTRIS/COLOSSAL campaign in Milan during winter 2018, equivalent black carbon measurements using the Aethalometer 31 (AE31), the Aethalometer 33 (AE33), and a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) were carried out together with levoglucosan analyses on 12 h resolved PM2:5 samples collected in parallel. From AE31 and AE33 data, the loading-corrected aerosol attenuation coefficients (bATN) were calculated at seven wavelengths (, where values are 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm). The aerosol absorption coefficient at 637 nm (babsMAAP) was determined by MAAP measurements. Furthermore, babs was also measured at four wavelengths (405, 532, 635, 780 nm) on the 12 h resolved PM2:5 samples by a polar photometer (PPUniMI). After comparing PPUniMI and MAAP results, we exploited PPUniMI data to evaluate the filter multiplescattering enhancement parameter at different wavelengths for AE31 and AE33. We obtained instrument-and wavelength-dependent multiple-scattering enhancement parameters by linear regression of the Aethalometer bATN against the babs measured by PPUniMI. We found significant dependence of the multiple-scattering enhancement parameter on filter material, hence on the instrument, with a difference of up to 30% between the AE31 and the AE33 tapes. The wavelength dependence and day night variations were small-The difference between the smallest and largest value was up to 6 %. Data from the different instruments were used as input to the so-called "Aethalometer model" for optical source apportionment, and instrument dependence of the results was investigated. Inconsistencies among the source apportionment were found fixing the AE31 and AE33 multiple-scattering enhancement parameters to their usual values. In contrast, optimised multiple-scattering enhancement parameters led to a 5% agreement among the approaches. Also, the component apportionment "MWAA model" (Multi-Wavelength Absorption Analyzer model) was applied to the dataset.

Despite electric scooter use has proliferated in Italy since 2019, actionable data regarding injury incidence and patterns associated with electric scooter accidents are limited. This study aims at analyzing the rate, clinical, and demographic features of electric scooter accidents accessed to the Emergency Department (ED) of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). This retrospective study included all patients older than 18 years riding an electric scooter in the ED from June 2019 to April 2022. Personal data, injury circumstances, helmet use, and health data were collected. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes of all diagnoses were recorded, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for each patient. The analysis includes 92 patients admitted to the ED due to an e-scooter accident during the study period, with an increase in years. Thirty-two patients presented bone fractures especially concerning the extremities and the face districts. The median Injury Severity Score in the study cohort was 3, with the highest AIS represented by AIS Pelvic-Extremity and AIS External. Moreover, statistical significance was found between AIS Head-Neck and severity of trauma. E-scooters have become a familiar sight in cities worldwide recently, with many new companies renting them for use. But their arrival has also brought new safety concerns. Although most injuries reported are minor, the meager rate of helmet use is critical. Implementing compulsory helmet use for electric scooters for all ages could be a protective factor for being patient with head trauma on urban streets.

The “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs” (CARE) experiment took place at a Mediterranean urban background site in Rome (Italy) deploying a variety of instrumentation to assess aerosol physical-chemical and optical properties with high-time resolution (from 1 min to 2 h). In this study, aerosol optical properties, chemical composition, and size distribution data were examined with a focus on the analysis of several intensive optical properties obtained from multi-wavelength measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients. The spectral behaviour of several quantities related to both aerosol composition and size was explored, analysing their high-time resolved temporal patterns and combining them in order to extract the maximum information from all the available data. A methodology to separate aerosol types using optical data only is here proposed and applied to an urban area characterised by a complex mixture of particles. A key is given to correctly disentangle cases that could not be distinguished observing only one or few parameters, but that can be clearly separated using a suitable ensemble of optical properties. The SSCAAE, i.e. the wavelength dependence of the Single Scattering co-albedo 1-SSA (where SSA is the Single Scattering Albedo) - that efficiently responds to both aerosol size and chemical composition – resulted to be the best optical intensive parameter to look at for the discrimination between episodes characterised by specific aerosol types (e.g. sea salt, Saharan dust) and more mixed conditions dominated by local emissions. However, this study also highlighted that it is necessary to combine temporal patterns of different optical parameters to robustly associate SSCAAE features to specific aerosol types. In addition, the complete chemical speciation and the high-time resolved size distribution were used to confirm the aerosol types identified via a combination of aerosol optical properties. Look-up tables with most suitable ran

We present a case of zoster sine herpete causing isolated acute dysphagia in an immunocompetent patient. The interest of this paper is the atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation. A 77-year-old woman presented with a 3-day history of fever and worsening dysphagia for both liquid and solid foods. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and PCR amplified varicella-zoster virus DNA with high antibody titers in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The panel was suggestive of a cranial neuritis due to varicella-zoster virus, involved cranial nerves, even in the absence of a cutaneous and mucosal rash. Varicella-zoster virus reactivation should be included in the differential diagnosis of isolated or multiple cranial nerve palsies, with or without zosteriform skin lesions. A prompt etiologic diagnosis can lead to early administration of antiviral therapy. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Ultraclean graphene sheets encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride crystals host two-dimensional electron systems in which low-temperature transport is solely limited by the sample size. We revisit the theoretical problem of carrying out microscopic calculations of nonlocal ballistic transport in such micron-scale devices. By employing the Landauer-Büttiker scattering theory, we propose a scaling approach to tight-binding nonlocal transport in realistic graphene devices. We test our numerical method against experimental data on transverse magnetic focusing (TMF), a textbook example of nonlocal ballistic transport in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. This comparison enables a clear physical interpretation of all the observed features of the TMF signal, including its oscillating sign.

Ultraclean graphene sheets encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride crystals host two-dimensional electron systems in which low-temperature transport is solely limited by the sample size. We revisit the theoretical problem of carrying out microscopic calculations of nonlocal ballistic transport in such micron-scale devices. By employing the Landauer-Büttiker scattering theory, we propose a scaling approach to tight-binding nonlocal transport in realistic graphene devices. We test our numerical method against experimental data on transverse magnetic focusing (TMF), a textbook example of nonlocal ballistic transport in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. This comparison enables a clear physical interpretation of all the observed features of the TMF signal, including its oscillating sign.

A study about the stone material of Roman architecture proving the link between the Lombardy and the Mediterranean basin

Process Management Systems (PMSs) can be used not only in classical business scenarios, but also in highly dynamic and uncertain environments, for example, in supporting operators during Emergency Management for coordinating their activities. In such challenging situations, processes should be adapted in order to cope with anomalous situations, including connection anomalies and task faults. This requires the provision of intelligent support for the planning and enactment of complex processes, that allows to capture the knowledge about the dynamic context of a process. In this paper, we show how this knowledge, together with information about the capabilities of the available actors, may be specified and used to not only to support the selection of an appropriate set of agents to fill the roles in a given task, but also to solve the problem of adaptivity. The paper describes a first prototype of a PMS based on well-known Artificial Intelligence Techniques and how it can be extended to tackle adaptation.

Process Management Systems (PMSs) can be used not only in classical business scenarios, but also in highly dynamic and uncertain environments, for example, in supporting operators during Emergency Management for coordinating their activities. In such challenging situations, processes should be adapted in order to cope with anomalous situations, including connection anomalies and task faults. This requires the provision of intelligent support for the planning and enactment of complex processes, that allows to capture the knowledge about the dynamic context of a process. In this paper, we show how this knowledge, together with information about the capabilities of the available actors, may be specified and used to not only to support the selection of an appropriate set of agents to fill the roles in a given task, but also to solve the problem of adaptivity. The paper describes a first prototype of a PMS based on well-known Artificial Intelligence Techniques and how it can be extended to tackle adaptation.