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1. A Radiometric Correction Method and Performance Characteristics for PIXL’s Multispectral Analysis Using LEDs

Author

Henneke, J., Klevang, D., Liu, Y., Jørgensen, J., Denver, T., Rice, M., VanBommel, S., Toldbo, C., Hurowitz, J., Tice, M., Tosca, N., Johnson, J., Winhold, A., Allwood, A., Bell, J., Henneke, J., Klevang, D., Liu, Y., Jørgensen, J., Denver, T., Rice, M., VanBommel, S., Toldbo, C., Hurowitz, J., Tice, M., Tosca, N., Johnson, J., Winhold, A., Allwood, A., and Bell, J.

Abstract

The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) onboard the Perseverance rover, part of NASA’s Mars 2020 mission, has the first camera system that utilizes active light sources to generate multispectral data directly on a planetary surface. PIXL collects the multispectral data using three different components in the Optical Fiducial System (OFS): Micro Context Camera (MCC), Floodlight Illuminator (FLI), and Structure light illuminator (SLI). MCC captures images illuminated at different wavelengths by FLI while topography information is obtained by synchronously operating the MCC and SLI. A radiometric calibration for such a system has not been attempted before. Here we present a novel radiometric correction process and verify the output to a mean error of 0.4% by comparing it to calibrated spectral data from the Three Axis N-sample Automated Goniometer for Evaluation Reflectance (TANAGER). We demonstrate that the radiometrically corrected data can clearly discern different features in natural rock and mineral samples. We also conclude that the same radiometric correction process can be used on Mars as the optical system is designed to autonomously compensates for the effects of the Martian environment on the instrument. Having multispectral capabilities has proven to be very valuable for extrapolating the detailed mineral and crystallographic information produced by X-ray spectroscopy from the X-ray system of PIXL.

Published
2023

2. Science Priorities for the Extraction of the Solid MSR Samples from their Sample Tubes

Author

Dauphas, N., Russell, S. S., Beaty, D., Thiessen, F., Barnes, J., Bonal, L., Bridges, J., Bristow, T., Eiler, J., Ferriere, L., Fornaro, T., Gattacceca, J., Hoffman, B., Javaux, E. J., Kleine, T., McSween, H. Y., Prasad, M., Rampe, L., Schmidt, M., Schoene, B., Siebach, K. L., Stern, J., Tosca, N., Dauphas, N., Russell, S. S., Beaty, D., Thiessen, F., Barnes, J., Bonal, L., Bridges, J., Bristow, T., Eiler, J., Ferriere, L., Fornaro, T., Gattacceca, J., Hoffman, B., Javaux, E. J., Kleine, T., McSween, H. Y., Prasad, M., Rampe, L., Schmidt, M., Schoene, B., Siebach, K. L., Stern, J., and Tosca, N.

Abstract

Preservation of the chemical and structural integrity of samples that will be brought back from Mars is paramount to achieving the scientific objectives of MSR. Given our knowledge of the nature of the samples retrieved at Jezero by Perseverance, at least two options need to be tested for opening the sample tubes: (1) One or two radial cuts at the end of the tube to slide the sample out. (2) Two radial cuts at the ends of the tube and two longitudinal cuts to lift the upper half of the tube and access the sample. Strategy 1 will likely minimize contamination but incurs the risk of affecting the physical integrity of weakly consolidated samples. Strategy 2 will be optimal for preserving the physical integrity of the samples but increases the risk of contamination and mishandling of the sample as more manipulations and additional equipment will be needed. A flexible approach to opening the sample tubes is therefore required, and several options need to be available, depending on the nature of the rock samples returned. Both opening strategies 1 and 2 may need to be available when the samples are returned to handle different sample types (e.g., loosely bound sediments vs. indurated magmatic rocks). This question should be revisited after engineering tests are performed on analogue samples. The MSR sample tubes will have to be opened under stringent BSL4 conditions and this aspect needs to be integrated into the planning., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, report NASA-ESA Mars Rock Team Report

Published
2023

3. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., Zorzano, M.-P., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., and Zorzano, M.-P.

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Seitah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Magnesium-iron carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with carbon dioxide-rich water under water-poor conditions. Overlying Seitah is a unit informally named Maaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Seitah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks have been stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

4. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, Zorzano, M-P, Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, and Zorzano, M-P

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater’s sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

5. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., Zorzano, M.-P., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., and Zorzano, M.-P.

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Seitah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Magnesium-iron carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with carbon dioxide-rich water under water-poor conditions. Overlying Seitah is a unit informally named Maaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Seitah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks have been stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

6. Curation and analysis of global sedimentary geochemical data to inform earth history

Author

Mehra, A, Keller, C. B, Zhang, T, Tosca, N, McLennan, S, Sperling, E, Farrell, U, Brocks, J, Canfield, D, Cole, D, Crockford, P, Cui, H, Dahl, T, Dewing, K, Emmings, Joseph F., Gaines, R, Gibson, T, Gilleaudeau, G, Guilbaud, R, Hodgskiss, M, Jarrett, A, Kabanov, P, Kunzmann, M, Li, C, Loydell, D, Lu, X, Miller, A, Mills, N. T., Mouro, L, O'Connell, B, Peters, S, Poulton, S, Ritzer, S, Smith, E, Wilby, Philip, Woltz, C, Strauss, J, Mehra, A, Keller, C. B, Zhang, T, Tosca, N, McLennan, S, Sperling, E, Farrell, U, Brocks, J, Canfield, D, Cole, D, Crockford, P, Cui, H, Dahl, T, Dewing, K, Emmings, Joseph F., Gaines, R, Gibson, T, Gilleaudeau, G, Guilbaud, R, Hodgskiss, M, Jarrett, A, Kabanov, P, Kunzmann, M, Li, C, Loydell, D, Lu, X, Miller, A, Mills, N. T., Mouro, L, O'Connell, B, Peters, S, Poulton, S, Ritzer, S, Smith, E, Wilby, Philip, Woltz, C, and Strauss, J

Abstract

Large datasets increasingly provide critical insights into crustal and surface processes on Earth. These data come in the form of published and contributed observations, which often include associated metadata. Even in the best-case scenario of a carefully curated dataset, it may be non-trivial to extract meaningful analyses from such compilations, and choices made with respect to filtering, resampling, and averaging can affect the resulting trends and any interpretation(s) thereof. As a result, a thorough understanding of how to digest, process, and analyze large data compilations is required. Here, we present a generalizable workflow developed using the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project database. We demonstrate the effects of filtering and weighted resampling on Al2O3 and U contents, two representative geochemical components of interest in sedimentary geochemistry (one major and one trace element, respectively). Through our analyses, we highlight several methodological challenges in a “bigger data” approach to Earth science. We suggest that, with slight modifications to our workflow, researchers can confidently use large collections of observations to gain new insights into processes that have shaped Earth’s crustal and surface environments.

Published
2021

7. Curation and analysis of global sedimentary geochemical data to inform earth history

Author

Mehra, A, Keller, C. B, Zhang, T, Tosca, N, McLennan, S, Sperling, E, Farrell, U, Brocks, J, Canfield, D, Cole, D, Crockford, P, Cui, H, Dahl, T, Dewing, K, Emmings, Joseph F., Gaines, R, Gibson, T, Gilleaudeau, G, Guilbaud, R, Hodgskiss, M, Jarrett, A, Kabanov, P, Kunzmann, M, Li, C, Loydell, D, Lu, X, Miller, A, Mills, N. T., Mouro, L, O'Connell, B, Peters, S, Poulton, S, Ritzer, S, Smith, E, Wilby, Philip, Woltz, C, Strauss, J, Mehra, A, Keller, C. B, Zhang, T, Tosca, N, McLennan, S, Sperling, E, Farrell, U, Brocks, J, Canfield, D, Cole, D, Crockford, P, Cui, H, Dahl, T, Dewing, K, Emmings, Joseph F., Gaines, R, Gibson, T, Gilleaudeau, G, Guilbaud, R, Hodgskiss, M, Jarrett, A, Kabanov, P, Kunzmann, M, Li, C, Loydell, D, Lu, X, Miller, A, Mills, N. T., Mouro, L, O'Connell, B, Peters, S, Poulton, S, Ritzer, S, Smith, E, Wilby, Philip, Woltz, C, and Strauss, J

Abstract

Large datasets increasingly provide critical insights into crustal and surface processes on Earth. These data come in the form of published and contributed observations, which often include associated metadata. Even in the best-case scenario of a carefully curated dataset, it may be non-trivial to extract meaningful analyses from such compilations, and choices made with respect to filtering, resampling, and averaging can affect the resulting trends and any interpretation(s) thereof. As a result, a thorough understanding of how to digest, process, and analyze large data compilations is required. Here, we present a generalizable workflow developed using the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project database. We demonstrate the effects of filtering and weighted resampling on Al2O3 and U contents, two representative geochemical components of interest in sedimentary geochemistry (one major and one trace element, respectively). Through our analyses, we highlight several methodological challenges in a “bigger data” approach to Earth science. We suggest that, with slight modifications to our workflow, researchers can confidently use large collections of observations to gain new insights into processes that have shaped Earth’s crustal and surface environments.

Published
2021

8. High‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence investigation of calcite coralloid speleothems: Elemental incorporation and their potential as environmental archives

Author

Tosca, N, Vanghi, V, Borsato, A, Frisia, S, Howard, DL, Gloy, G, Hellstrom, J, Bajo, P, Tosca, N, Vanghi, V, Borsato, A, Frisia, S, Howard, DL, Gloy, G, Hellstrom, J, and Bajo, P

Abstract

Synchrotron high-resolution and micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping of two coeval coralloid speleothems from Lamalunga Cave (Italy) are complemented with petrographic, morphological and microstratigraphic studies. The importance of these speleothems relies on their direct and indirect association with a complete Neanderthal skeleton (‘Altamura Man’) found inside the cave. The coralloids grew discontinuously between 64.6 ka and the Holocene and reveal exceptionally high concentrations of Mg, Sr and Si, particularly on convex surfaces, where evaporation is more intense. The incorporation of trace elements depends on several factors including location, shape and geometrical evolution during their growth, as well as climate and environmental parameters. This resulted in calcite precipitation with Sr compositions from 100 to 1200 ppm and an average concentration of 7000 ppm Mg. An unusually high Si content (up to 16%) is possibly derived from volcanic ash transported as particulate and in solution inside the cave. The most common fabrics observed consist of non-fluorescent elongated columnar calcite forming clean isopachous bands and fluorescent fibre-like crystals associated with laminated, lenticular bands high in Sr, Mg and Si. Variability in Sr, Mg and Si concentrations appears to induce fabric changes in the coralloids. Elongation and lattice distortion of the crystals was found to coincide with high Mg concentrations. The transition from compact elongated to open to fibre-like, is here interpreted as due to high concentrations of Si and Sr, which are preferentially incorporated in the speleothem at crystal boundaries and intra-laminae. It is here inferred that coralloid fabric changes and their elemental content potentially record local rainfall variations through time, with the clean compact calcite marking high infiltration and open fibre-like and micrite fabrics recording dry periods.

Published
2019

9. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

Beaty, David D.W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B., Altieri, F., Ammannito, E., Amelin, Yuri, Anand, Mahesh, Benning, Liane G, Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, John Robert, Buseman, H., Campbell, K., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, Vinciane, Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, Andrea A. D., Hausrath, E. M., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humayun, M., Kleine, Thorsten, Kleinhenz, J., Mangold, Nicolas, Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, Tim, McCubbin, Francis M., McLennan, Scott M., Moser, Desmond, Moynier, Frédéric, Mustard, John Fraser, Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, Petra, Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, Nicole, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Septhon, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Shuster, D. L., Siljeström, S., Smith, Caroline L., Spry, J. A., Steele, Andrew, Swindle, T. D., Ten Kate, Inge Loes, Tosca, N. J., Usui, Tomohiro, Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Weiss, Benjamin P., Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, Jutta, Zorzano, M. P., Beaty, David D.W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B., Altieri, F., Ammannito, E., Amelin, Yuri, Anand, Mahesh, Benning, Liane G, Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, John Robert, Buseman, H., Campbell, K., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, Vinciane, Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, Andrea A. D., Hausrath, E. M., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humayun, M., Kleine, Thorsten, Kleinhenz, J., Mangold, Nicolas, Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, Tim, McCubbin, Francis M., McLennan, Scott M., Moser, Desmond, Moynier, Frédéric, Mustard, John Fraser, Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, Petra, Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, Nicole, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Septhon, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Shuster, D. L., Siljeström, S., Smith, Caroline L., Spry, J. A., Steele, Andrew, Swindle, T. D., Ten Kate, Inge Loes, Tosca, N. J., Usui, Tomohiro, Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Weiss, Benjamin P., Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, Jutta, and Zorzano, M. P.

Abstract

Executive summary provided in lieu of abstract., SCOPUS: no.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

11. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

Beaty, D. W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., M. Hausrath, E., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humanyun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, P., Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Schuster, D. L., Siljestrom, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., Zorzano, M. P., Beaty, D. W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., M. Hausrath, E., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humanyun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, P., Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Schuster, D. L., Siljestrom, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., and Zorzano, M. P.

12. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

Beaty, D. W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., M. Hausrath, E., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humanyun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, P., Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Schuster, D. L., Siljestrom, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., Zorzano, M. P., Beaty, D. W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., M. Hausrath, E., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humanyun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, P., Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Schuster, D. L., Siljestrom, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., and Zorzano, M. P.

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