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This paper presents an approach for assessing lifestyle carbon footprints and lifestyle change options aimed at achieving the 1.5 °C climate goal and facilitating the transition to decarbonized lifestyles through stakeholder participatory research. Using data on Finland and Japan it shows potential impacts of reducing carbon footprints through changes in lifestyles for around 30 options covering food, housing, and mobility domains, in comparison with the 2030 and 2050 per-capita targets (2.5-3.2 tCO2e by 2030; 0.7-1.4 tCO2e by 2050). It discusses research opportunities for expanding the footprint-based quantitative analysis to incorporate subnational analysis, living lab, and scenario development aiming at advancing sustainability science on the transition to decarbonized lifestyles.

Addressing the prevailing mode of high-carbon lifestyles is crucial for the transition towards a net-zero carbon society. Existing studies fail to fully investigate the underlining factors of unsustainable lifestyles beyond individual determinants nor consider the gaps between current footprints and reduction targets. This study examines latent lifestyle factors related to carbon footprints and analyzes gaps between decarbonization targets and current lifestyles of major consumer segments through exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. As a case study on Japanese households, it estimates carbon footprints of over 47,000 households using expenditure survey microdata, and identifies high-carbon lifestyle factors and consumer segments by multivariate regression analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Income, savings, family composition, house size and type, ownership of durables and automobiles, and work style were confirmed as determinants of high-footprint Japanese households, with eight lifestyles factors, including long-distance leisure, materialistic consumption, and meat-rich diets, identified as the main contributory factors. The study revealed a five-fold difference between lowest and highest footprint segments, with all segments overshooting the 2030 and 2050 decarbonization targets. The findings imply the urgent need for policies tailored to diverse consumer segments and to address the underlying causes of high-carbon lifestyles especially of high-carbon segments.

The paper describes and analyzes the cooperation of the Sustainable Lifestyles Accelerator with Finnish and Spanish municipalities. The Sustainable Lifestyles Accelerator is a three-year program for upscaling sustainable lifestyles in Finland, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Mexico and India. It is based on the four steps of the transition cycle comprising problem analysis, vision development, experimenting and up-scaling. In the Sustainable Lifestyles Accelerator problem analysis means the calculation of the lifestyle carbon and material footprints of the participating households, vision development the co-creation of individual roadmaps towards 1.5-degree lifestyles by 2030 for each participating household, and experimenting a one-month phase where each participating household tries out several measures out of their roadmap. Up-scaling happens by extending the number of participating households per country from 5-10 in 2018 to 500 in 2019 and 10,000 in 2020. In addition, up-scaling means increasing the number of municipalities cooperating with the Sustainable Lifestyles Accelerator., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)