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1. Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: A meta-analysis of 150 000 European children

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, van Meel, Evelien R, Mensink-Bout, Sara M, den Dekker, Herman T, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchen, Karel, Eggesbø, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J, Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M, Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Mélen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S L, Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Duijts, Liesbeth, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, van Meel, Evelien R, Mensink-Bout, Sara M, den Dekker, Herman T, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchen, Karel, Eggesbø, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J, Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M, Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Mélen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S L, Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, and Duijts, Liesbeth
Published: 2022

2. Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children

Author: van Meel, Evelien R., Mensink-Bout, Sara M., den Dekker, Herman T., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baiz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bonnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J., Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchén, Karel, Eggesbo, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J., Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M., Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E., Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Melen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S. L., Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C., de Moira, Angela Pinot, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S., Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Duijts, Liesbeth, van Meel, Evelien R., Mensink-Bout, Sara M., den Dekker, Herman T., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baiz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bonnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J., Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchén, Karel, Eggesbo, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J., Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M., Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E., Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Melen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S. L., Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C., de Moira, Angela Pinot, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S., Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., and Duijts, Liesbeth
Abstract: Background Early-life respiratory tract infections might affect chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, but conclusive studies from general populations are lacking. Our objective was to examine if children with early-life respiratory tract infections had increased risks of lower lung function and asthma at school age. Methods We used individual participant data of 150 090 children primarily from the EU Child Cohort Network to examine the associations of upper and lower respiratory tract infections from age 6 months to 5 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%) and asthma at a median (range) age of 7 (4-15) years. Results Children with early-life lower, not upper, respiratory tract infections had a lower school-age FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75% (z-score range: -0.09 (95% CI -0.14- -0.04) to -0.30 (95% CI -0.36- -0.24)). Children with early-life lower respiratory tract infections had a higher increased risk of school-age asthma than those with upper respiratory tract infections (OR range: 2.10 (95% CI 1.98-2.22) to 6.30 (95% CI 5.64-7.04) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.18-1.32) to 1.55 (95% CI 1.47-1.65), respectively). Adjustment for preceding respiratory tract infections slightly decreased the strength of the effects. Observed associations were similar for those with and without early-life wheezing as a proxy for early-life asthma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that early-life respiratory tract infections affect development of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in later life, with the strongest effects for lower respiratory tract infections., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [K2005-72X-11242-11A, K2008-69X-20826-01-4]; Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation (Barndiabetesfonden); JDRF Wallenberg Foundation [K 98-99D-12813-01A]; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS); Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research [FAS2004-1775]; Ostgota Brandstodsbolag; UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome [217065/Z/19/Z]; University of Bristol; Swedish Heart Lung Foundation; ALF Region Stockholm; SFO Epidemiology Karolinska Institutet; European Research Council [757919, ERC-2014-CoG-648916]; Programme Grants for Applied Research funding scheme [RP-PG-0407-10044]; Wellcome Trust [WT101597MA]; Swiss National Science Foundation [320030_163311, SNF: 320030-182628, 320030-162820, 3233-069348, 3200-069349]; Italian Ministry of Health; Lundbeck Foundation [R16-A1694, 195/04, R100-A9193, R264-2017-3099]; Ministry of Health [903516]; Danish Council for Strategic Research [0603-00280B]; Capital Region Research Foundation; Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Regional Committees; Egmont Foundation; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Danish Medical Research Council [SSVF 0646, 271-08-0839/06-066023, O602-01042B, 0602-02738B]; Innovation Fund Denmark [0603-00294B (09-067124)]; Nordea Foundation [02-2013-2014]; University of Copenhagen; Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF-4183-00594, DFF-4183-00152]; Foundation for Medical Research (FRM); National Institute for Research in Public health; French Ministry of Health (DGS); French Ministry of Research; INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A) and Human Nutrition National Research Programs; French National Institute for Health Education (INPES); European Union [733206]; Diabetes National Research Program; Mutuelle Generale de lEducation Nationale complementary health insurance (MGEN); French national agency for food security; European Community [261357]; Erasmus MC Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotte
Published: 2022
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3. Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: A meta-analysis of 150 000 European children

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, van Meel, Evelien R, Mensink-Bout, Sara M, den Dekker, Herman T, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchen, Karel, Eggesbø, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J, Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M, Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Mélen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S L, Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Duijts, Liesbeth, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, van Meel, Evelien R, Mensink-Bout, Sara M, den Dekker, Herman T, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Carlsson, Christian J, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Dalmeijer, Geertje, Dezateux, Carol, Duchen, Karel, Eggesbø, Merete, van der Ent, Cornelis, Fantini, Maria, Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Fransesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, Granell, Raquel, Griffiths, Lucy J, Inskip, Hazel, Jerzynska, Joanna, Karvonen, Anne M, Keil, Thomas, Kelleher, Cecily, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koppen, Gudrun, Kuehni, Claudia E, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Magnus, Maria Christine, Mélen, Erik, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Nystad, Wenche, Pedersen, Eva S L, Pekkanen, Juha, Peltola, Ville, Pike, Katharine C, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Popovic, Maja, Porta, Daniela, Roberts, Graham, Santos, Ana Cristina, Schultz, Erica S, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Toivonen, Laura, Uphoff, Eleonora, Usemann, Jakob, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, de Jongste, Johan C, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, and Duijts, Liesbeth
Published: 2022

4. Combining HPAEC-PAD, PGC-LC-MS, and 1D 1H NMR to Investigate Metabolic Fates of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in 1-Month-Old Infants : A Pilot Study

Author: Gu, Fangjie, Kate, Geert A., Ten, Arts, Ilja C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, Leusen, Ellen, Van, Leeuwen, Sander S., Van, Schols, Henk A., Gu, Fangjie, Kate, Geert A., Ten, Arts, Ilja C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, Leusen, Ellen, Van, Leeuwen, Sander S., Van, and Schols, Henk A.
Abstract: A solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized to extract 3-fucosyllactose and other human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from human milk samples separately, followed by absolute quantitation using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection and porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The approach developed was applied on a pilot sample set of 20 human milk samples and paired infant feces collected at around 1 month postpartum. One-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed on the same samples to determine the relative levels of fucosylated epitopes and sialylated (Neu5Ac) structural elements. Based on different HMO consumption patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, the infants were assigned to three clusters as follows: complete consumption; specific consumption of non-fucosylated HMOs; and, considerable levels of HMOs still present with consumption showing no specific preference. The consumption of HMOs by infant microbiota also showed structure specificity, with HMO core structures and Neu5Ac(α2-3)-decorated HMOs being most prone to degradation. The degree and position of fucosylation impacted HMO metabolization differently.
Published: 2021

5. Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Author: Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Fonseca, Susana C., Iaccarino, Guido, Blain, Hubert, Vidal, Alain, Sheikh, Aziz, Akdis, Cezmi A., Zuberbier, Torsten, Abdul Latiff, Amir Hamzah, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mubeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Al-Zahab Bassam, Abou, Alburdan, Hussam, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Alvarez Cuesta, Emilio, Alwan Salman, Hiba, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amade, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Angles, Rosana, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Ara Bardajo, Paula, Arasi, Stefania, Arrais, Margarete, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria-Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Bernstein, David, Chatzi, Lida, Chavannes, Niels H., Guldemond, Nick, Mommers, Monique, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Reitsma, Sietze, Thijs, Carel, ARIA group, Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Fonseca, Susana C., Iaccarino, Guido, Blain, Hubert, Vidal, Alain, Sheikh, Aziz, Akdis, Cezmi A., Zuberbier, Torsten, Abdul Latiff, Amir Hamzah, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mubeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Al-Zahab Bassam, Abou, Alburdan, Hussam, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Alvarez Cuesta, Emilio, Alwan Salman, Hiba, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amade, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Angles, Rosana, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Ara Bardajo, Paula, Arasi, Stefania, Arrais, Margarete, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria-Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Bernstein, David, Chatzi, Lida, Chavannes, Niels H., Guldemond, Nick, Mommers, Monique, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Reitsma, Sietze, Thijs, Carel, and ARIA group
Abstract: Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.
Published: 2021

6. Breast milk n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood pressure: an individual participant meta-analysis

Author: van Rossem, Lenie, Smit, Henriette A, Armand, Martine, Bernard, Jonathan Y, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bruun, Signe, Heude, Barbara, Husby, Steffen, Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Michaelsen, Kim F., Stark, Ken D, Thijs, Carel, Vinding, Rebecca Kofod, Wijga, Alet H, Lauritzen, Lotte, van Rossem, Lenie, Smit, Henriette A, Armand, Martine, Bernard, Jonathan Y, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bruun, Signe, Heude, Barbara, Husby, Steffen, Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Michaelsen, Kim F., Stark, Ken D, Thijs, Carel, Vinding, Rebecca Kofod, Wijga, Alet H, and Lauritzen, Lotte
Abstract: Purpose: It is controversial whether a higher intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA) through breastfeeding is associated or not to a lower blood pressure (BP) during childhood. We aimed to clarify this point by undertaking a meta-analysis involving the data from seven European birth cohorts.Methods: We searched https://www.birthcohort.net for studies that had collected breast milk samples, and had at least one BP measurement in childhood. Principal investigators were contacted, and all agreed to share data. One additional study was identified by contacts with the principal investigators. For each cohort, we analyzed the association of breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs with systolic and diastolic BP with linear mixed effects models or linear regression, and pooled the estimates with a random effects model. We also investigated age-specific and sex-specific associations.Results: A total of 2188 participants from 7 cohorts were included. Overall, no associations between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP were observed. In the pooled analysis, each 0.1 wt% increment in breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with a 1.19 (95% CI - 3.31, 0.94) mmHg lower systolic BP. Associations were similar for boys and girls and at different ages.Conclusion: In this individual participant meta-analysis, we found no evidence for an association between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP.
Published: 2021

7. The Longitudinal Relationship Between Screen Time, Sleep and a Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood

Author: Levelink, Birgit, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Mommers, Monique, Gubbels, Jessica, Dompeling, Edward, Feron, Frans J.M., van Zeben-van der Aa, Dorothea M.C.B., Hurks, Petra, Thijs, Carel, Levelink, Birgit, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Mommers, Monique, Gubbels, Jessica, Dompeling, Edward, Feron, Frans J.M., van Zeben-van der Aa, Dorothea M.C.B., Hurks, Petra, and Thijs, Carel
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate longitudinal associations between recreational screen time and sleep in early childhood, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 8 to 10 years. Method: Questionnaires from 2,768 mother-child pairs from the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort Study were used. General estimating equation logistic regression analyses examined associations between screen time and sleep at age 2, 4, and 6, and ADHD at age 8 to 10. Linear regression analysis examined associations between television time, sleep and CBCL/2-3 scores at age 2. Results: Longitudinally, neither screen time nor sleep were associated with ADHD. Cross-sectionally, CBCL/2-3 externalizing symptom scores increased by 0.03 with every hour television time (95% CI 0.002–0.05) and increased by 0.02 per hour of less sleep (95% CI −0.03–−0.01). Conclusion: Despite an association with externalizing symptoms at age 2, screen time and sleep in early childhood were not associated with ADHD. Carefulness is warranted when extrapolating cross-sectional associations at early age to an ADHD diagnosis.
Published: 2021

8. Breast milk n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood pressure: an individual participant meta-analysis

Author: van Rossem, Lenie, Smit, Henriette A, Armand, Martine, Bernard, Jonathan Y, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bruun, Signe, Heude, Barbara, Husby, Steffen, Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Michaelsen, Kim F., Stark, Ken D, Thijs, Carel, Vinding, Rebecca Kofod, Wijga, Alet H, Lauritzen, Lotte, van Rossem, Lenie, Smit, Henriette A, Armand, Martine, Bernard, Jonathan Y, Bisgaard, Hans, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bruun, Signe, Heude, Barbara, Husby, Steffen, Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Michaelsen, Kim F., Stark, Ken D, Thijs, Carel, Vinding, Rebecca Kofod, Wijga, Alet H, and Lauritzen, Lotte
Abstract: Purpose: It is controversial whether a higher intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA) through breastfeeding is associated or not to a lower blood pressure (BP) during childhood. We aimed to clarify this point by undertaking a meta-analysis involving the data from seven European birth cohorts.Methods: We searched https://www.birthcohort.net for studies that had collected breast milk samples, and had at least one BP measurement in childhood. Principal investigators were contacted, and all agreed to share data. One additional study was identified by contacts with the principal investigators. For each cohort, we analyzed the association of breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs with systolic and diastolic BP with linear mixed effects models or linear regression, and pooled the estimates with a random effects model. We also investigated age-specific and sex-specific associations.Results: A total of 2188 participants from 7 cohorts were included. Overall, no associations between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP were observed. In the pooled analysis, each 0.1 wt% increment in breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with a 1.19 (95% CI - 3.31, 0.94) mmHg lower systolic BP. Associations were similar for boys and girls and at different ages.Conclusion: In this individual participant meta-analysis, we found no evidence for an association between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP.
Published: 2021

9. Influence of Alternative Lifestyles on Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy, Lactation and in Children

Author: Eras, Pien, Simões-Wüst, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-0952, Thijs, Carel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-5458, Eras, Pien, Simões-Wüst, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-0952, and Thijs, Carel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-5458
Abstract: Alternative lifestyles are likely to be associated with distinct usage of specific medicinal products. Our goal was to find out whether the intake of antibiotics during pregnancy and by children differs according to whether the mothers have alternative or conventional lifestyles. Therefore, we investigated the use of antibiotics by pregnant women and by children up to 11 years of age participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. This cohort comprises two recruitment groups of mother–infant pairs, one with alternative lifestyles (selected via organic food shops, anthroposophic clinicians and midwives, anthroposophic under-five clinics, Rudolf Steiner schools and relevant magazines, n = 491) the other with conventional lifestyles (no selection based on lifestyle, n = 2343). Mothers in the alternative lifestyle group more frequently adhered to specific living rules and identified themselves with anthroposophy more than mothers in the conventional lifestyle group. The results revealed significant differences in antibiotic use during pregnancy and in children from 3 months to 10 years of age between the two groups. The rate of antibiotic use in children was consistently lower in the alternative lifestyle group than in the conventional lifestyle group. Antibiotic use in pregnancy was higher in low educated women, and maternal antibiotic use during lactation was higher after an instrumented delivery in hospital. Antibiotic use in the infant was higher when they had older sibs or were born in hospital, and lower in those who had been longer breastfed. After adjustment for these factors, the differences in antibiotic use between the alternative and conventional groups remained. The results suggest that an alternative lifestyle is associated with cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, lactation and in children.
Published: 2021

10. Organic food use, meat intake, and prevalence of gestational diabetes: KOALA birth cohort study

Author: Simões-Wüst, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-0952, Moltó-Puigmartí, Carolina, van Dongen, Martien C J M, Thijs, Carel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-5458, Simões-Wüst, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-0952, Moltó-Puigmartí, Carolina, van Dongen, Martien C J M, and Thijs, Carel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-5458
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate whether consumption of organic food and reduced intake of meat products in pregnancy are associated with lower prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD). Methods: Women participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study with valid informed consent, a singleton pregnancy and information on their food intake were considered in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants with and without GD were compared with each other in terms of dietary characteristics (n = 37 and n = 2766, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to adjust for relevant covariates. Results: Organic food consumption tended to be lower, although not significantly, in women with GD compared to women without GD, whereas consumption of meat was positively associated with GD prevalence. LR modelling showed that GD was significantly associated with higher consumption of meat and, in addition, also of cheese, after adjustment for other relevant covariates. GD was associated with some indicators of animal product intake, namely dietary animal to plant protein ratio and maternal plasma arachidonic acid (for the latter, data available for n = 16 and n = 1304, respectively). Food patterns of participants with GD were characterised by more meat products and less vegetarian products. Conclusions: Due to the low number of participants with GD, results have to be interpreted cautiously. Consumption of organic food during pregnancy does not seem to be markedly associated with a lower GD prevalence; lower intake of meat and cheese, irrespective of its origin (organic or conventional), does. The latter supports previous studies suggesting a causal association between consumption of animal products and GD. Keywords: Diet composition; Food patterns; Gestational diabetes; Meat consumption; Organic food.
Published: 2021

11. Griepvaccinatie en sterfte op lange termijn: Follow-up 25 jaar na een RCT bij ouderen

Author: Verhees, Ruud, Verhees, Ruud, Thijs, Carel, Ambergen, Antonius, Dinant, Geert, Knottnerus, Andre, Verhees, Ruud, Verhees, Ruud, Thijs, Carel, Ambergen, Antonius, Dinant, Geert, and Knottnerus, Andre
Published: 2020

12. Griepvaccinatie en sterfte op lange termijn: Follow-up 25 jaar na een RCT bij ouderen

Author: Verhees, Ruud, Thijs, Carel, Ambergen, Antonius, Dinant, Geert, Knottnerus, Andre, Verhees, Ruud, Thijs, Carel, Ambergen, Antonius, Dinant, Geert, and Knottnerus, Andre
Abstract: Vanuit de hypothese dat griepvaccinatie residuele bescherming biedt tegen griepstammen die later kunnen circuleren, evalueerden we na 25 jaar de langetermijneffecten van een eenmalige griepvaccinatie. Daarvoor gebruikten we de gegevens van een gerandomiseerde placebogecontroleerde trial. Deze trial toonde aan dat griepvaccinatie griep kan voorkomen. Verder gebruikten we de follow-upgegevens van onder andere cbs en gemeentelijke basis-administratie om de totale sterfte en de sterfte aan cardiovasculaire of respiratoire oorzaken onder de trialdeelnemers na 25 jaar te berekenen. Met behulp van regressieanalyses bepaalden we de invloed van leeftijd en comorbiditeit op de langetermijnsterfte. Van 98% van de deelnemers konden we de vitale status op 1 januari 2017 achterhalen. In de groep als geheel was er geen aantoonbaar verschil in langetermijnsterfte tussen de interventiegroep (vaccinatie) en de controlegroep (placebo). Wel is er een mogelijk klinisch relevant effect op langetermijnsterfte bij jongere ouderen.
Published: 2020

13. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author: Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zubrinich, Celia, Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, and Zubrinich, Celia
Abstract: Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.
Published: 2020

14. Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America:An individual participant data meta-analysis of 229,000 singleton births

Author: Philips, Elise M., Santos, Susana, Trasande, Leonardo, Aurrekoetxea, Juan J., Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Bird, Philippa K., Brescianini, Sonia, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Costet, Nathalie, Criswell, Rachel, Crozier, Sarah, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Kull, Inger, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Manios, Yannis, Melén, Erik, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J. J. M., Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Rusconi, Franca, Santos, Ana C., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Sunyer, Jordi, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Philips, Elise M., Santos, Susana, Trasande, Leonardo, Aurrekoetxea, Juan J., Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Bird, Philippa K., Brescianini, Sonia, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Costet, Nathalie, Criswell, Rachel, Crozier, Sarah, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Kull, Inger, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Manios, Yannis, Melén, Erik, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J. J. M., Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Rusconi, Franca, Santos, Ana C., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Sunyer, Jordi, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
Abstract: Author summaryWhy was this study done? Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an important risk factor for various birth complications and childhood overweight. It is not clear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy. The associations of paternal smoking with birth and childhood outcomes also remain unknown. What did the researchers do and find? We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis using data from 229,158 families from 28 pregnancy and birth cohorts from Europe and North America to assess the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy, specifically of quitting or reducing smoking and maternal and paternal smoking combined, with preterm birth, small size for gestational age, and childhood overweight. We observed that smoking in the first trimester only did not increase the risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age but was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, as compared to nonsmoking. Reducing the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, without quitting, was still associated with higher risks of these adverse outcomes. Paternal smoking seems to be associated, independently of maternal smoking, with the risks of childhood overweight. What do these findings mean? Population strategies should focus on parental smoking prevention before or at the start of, rather than during, pregnancy. Future studies are needed to assess the specific associations of smoking in the preconception and childhood periods with offspring outcomes.Background Fetal smoke exposure is a common and key avoidable risk factor for birth complications and seems to influence later risk of overweight. It is unclear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, or when only fathers smoke. We aimed to assess the associations of parental s
Published: 2020

15. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author: Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zubrinich, Celia, Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, and Zubrinich, Celia
Abstract: Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.
Published: 2020

16. Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America:An individual participant data meta-analysis of 229,000 singleton births

Author: Philips, Elise M., Santos, Susana, Trasande, Leonardo, Aurrekoetxea, Juan J., Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Bird, Philippa K., Brescianini, Sonia, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Costet, Nathalie, Criswell, Rachel, Crozier, Sarah, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Kull, Inger, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Manios, Yannis, Melén, Erik, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J. J. M., Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Rusconi, Franca, Santos, Ana C., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Sunyer, Jordi, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Philips, Elise M., Santos, Susana, Trasande, Leonardo, Aurrekoetxea, Juan J., Barros, Henrique, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Bird, Philippa K., Brescianini, Sonia, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Costet, Nathalie, Criswell, Rachel, Crozier, Sarah, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Kull, Inger, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Manios, Yannis, Melén, Erik, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J. J. M., Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Rusconi, Franca, Santos, Ana C., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Sunyer, Jordi, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
Abstract: Author summaryWhy was this study done? Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an important risk factor for various birth complications and childhood overweight. It is not clear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy. The associations of paternal smoking with birth and childhood outcomes also remain unknown. What did the researchers do and find? We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis using data from 229,158 families from 28 pregnancy and birth cohorts from Europe and North America to assess the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy, specifically of quitting or reducing smoking and maternal and paternal smoking combined, with preterm birth, small size for gestational age, and childhood overweight. We observed that smoking in the first trimester only did not increase the risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age but was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, as compared to nonsmoking. Reducing the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, without quitting, was still associated with higher risks of these adverse outcomes. Paternal smoking seems to be associated, independently of maternal smoking, with the risks of childhood overweight. What do these findings mean? Population strategies should focus on parental smoking prevention before or at the start of, rather than during, pregnancy. Future studies are needed to assess the specific associations of smoking in the preconception and childhood periods with offspring outcomes.Background Fetal smoke exposure is a common and key avoidable risk factor for birth complications and seems to influence later risk of overweight. It is unclear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, or when only fathers smoke. We aimed to assess the associations of parental s
Published: 2020

17. Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1-Month-Old Breastfed Infants

Author: Borewicz, Klaudyna, Gu, Fangjie, Saccenti, Edoardo, Arts, I.C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Leeuwen, Sander S., van, Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, Leusen, Ellen, van, Schols, Henk A., Smidt, Hauke, Borewicz, Klaudyna, Gu, Fangjie, Saccenti, Edoardo, Arts, I.C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Leeuwen, Sander S., van, Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, Leusen, Ellen, van, Schols, Henk A., and Smidt, Hauke
Abstract: Scope: Understanding the biological functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. A link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant fecal microbiota composition is examined and the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, 1-month-old infants is investigated. Methods and results: Maternal breast milk and infant feces are from the KOALA Birth Cohort. HMOs are quantified in milk and infant fecal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition is characterized using Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The composition is associated with gender, delivery mode, and milk HMOs: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2′-fucosyllactose. Overall, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia–Shigella, and Parabacteroides are predominating genera. Three different patterns in infant fecal microbiota structure are detected. GI degradation of HMOs is strongly associated with fecal microbiota composition, and there is a link between utilization of specific HMOs and relative abundance of various phylotypes (operational taxonomic units). Conclusions: HMOs in maternal milk are among the important factors shaping GI tract microbiota in 1-month-old breastfed infants. An infant's ability to metabolize different HMOs strongly correlates with fecal microbiota composition and specifically with phylotypes within genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus.
Published: 2019

18. Intakes of Vitamin B-12 from Dairy Food, Meat, and Fish and Shellfish Are Independently and Positively Associated with Vitamin B-12 Biomarker Status in Pregnant Dutch Women

Author: Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Heil, Sandra G., Eussen, Simone J. P. M., Heeskens, Jim P. J., Thijs, Carel, Mommers, Monique, Smits, Luc J. M., van Dongen, Martien C. J. M., Dagnelie, Pieter C., Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Heil, Sandra G., Eussen, Simone J. P. M., Heeskens, Jim P. J., Thijs, Carel, Mommers, Monique, Smits, Luc J. M., van Dongen, Martien C. J. M., and Dagnelie, Pieter C.
Abstract: Background: The effect of vitamin B-12 from different animal foods on vitamin B-12 biomarker status has not previously been evaluated in pregnant women.Objective: We examined the association of vitamin B-12 intake from dairy, meat, fish (including shellfish), and eggs with circulating concentrations of vitamin B-12 biomarkers and with the presence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in 1266 pregnant women participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.Methods: Blood samples were collected in weeks 34-36 of pregnancy, and vitamin B-12 intake from foods and supplements was estimated with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were determined in plasma. Vitamin B-12 deficiency was defined as holoTC <35 pmol/L and MMA > 0.45 mu mol/L. Associations were evaluated with linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Significant dose-response relations were observed between vitamin B-12 intake from dairy, meat, and fish and plasma vitamin B-12, holoTC, and MMA [P-trend for (shell) fish with MMA = 0.002; P-trend for dairy, meat, and fish with all other markers <0.001]. The OR (95% CI) of vitamin B-12 deficiency in the third compared with the first tertile of dairy-derived vitamin B-12 was 0.13 (0.04, 0.49), and the ORs for vitamin B-12 from meat and fish were 0.33 (0.11, 0.97) and 0.25 (0.08, 0.82), respectively. Egg-derived vitamin B-12 was only associated with holoTC. Additional analyses showed that self-defined vegetarians and FFQ-defined lacto-ovo-vegetarians had lower median total dietary vitamin B-12 intake and considerably worse vitamin B-12 biomarker status than omnivores and pescatarians.Conclusions: In pregnant Dutch women, higher intakes of vitamin B-12 from dairy, meat, and fish were positively associated with vitamin B-12 status, suggesting that dairy, meat, and fish are good sources of bioactive vitam
Published: 2019

19. Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Thijs, Carel, LifeCycle Project Mat Obesity, Childhood Outcomes Study Grp, Gaillard, Romy, Voerman, Ellis, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Thijs, Carel, LifeCycle Project Mat Obesity, Childhood Outcomes Study Grp, and Gaillard, Romy
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Both low and high gestational weight gain have been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, but optimal gestational weight gain remains uncertain and not well defined for all prepregnancy weight ranges.OBJECTIVES To examine the association of ranges of gestational weight gain with risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes and estimate optimal gestational weight gain ranges across prepregnancy body mass index categories.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Individual participant-levelmeta-analysis using data from 196 670 participants within 25 cohort studies from Europe and North America (main study sample). Optimal gestational weight gain ranges were estimated for each prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category by selecting the range of gestational weight gain that was associated with lower risk for any adverse outcome. Individual participant-level data from 3505 participants within 4 separate hospital-based cohorts were used as a validation sample. Data were collected between 1989 and 2015. The final date of follow-up was December 2015.EXPOSURES Gestational weight gain.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome termed any adverse outcome was defined as the presence of 1 or more of the following outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and small or large size for gestational age at birth.RESULTS Of the 196 670 women (median age, 30.0 years [quartile 1 and 3, 27.0 and 33.0 years] and 40 937 were white) included in the main sample, 7809 (4.0%) were categorized at baseline as underweight (BMI <18.5); 133 788 (68.0%), normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9); 38 828 (19.7%), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9); 11 992 (6.1%), obesity grade 1 (BMI, 30.0-34.9); 3284 (1.7%), obesity grade 2 (BMI, 35.0-39.9); and 969 (0.5%), obesity grade 3 (BMI, >= 40.0). Overall, any adverse outcome occurred in 37.2%(n = 73 161) of women, ranging from 34.7%(2706 of 7809) a
Published: 2019

20. Intestinal archaea inversely associated with childhood asthma

Author: Barnett, David, Barnett, David, Mommers, Monique, Penders, John, Arts, Ilja, Thijs, Carel, Barnett, David, Barnett, David, Mommers, Monique, Penders, John, Arts, Ilja, and Thijs, Carel
Published: 2019

21. Critical hours and important environments: Relationships between afterschool physical activity and the physical environment using GPS, GIS and accelerometers in 10–12-year-old children

Author: Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, Kremers, Stef, Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, and Kremers, Stef
Published: 2019

22. Critical hours and important environments: Relationships between afterschool physical activity and the physical environment using GPS, GIS and accelerometers in 10–12-year-old children

Author: Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, Kremers, Stef, Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, and Kremers, Stef
Published: 2019

23. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Ma, Ronald CW1, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Patro Golab, Bernadeta, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergström, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbø, Merete, Ekström, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M, Kenny, Louise C, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M, McDonald, Sheila W, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Mori, Trevor A, Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ní, Nohr, Ellen A, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte JJM, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C, Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Lawlor, Debbie A, Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Voerman, Ellis, Ma, Ronald CW1, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Patro Golab, Bernadeta, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergström, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbø, Merete, Ekström, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M, Kenny, Louise C, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M, McDonald, Sheila W, Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Mori, Trevor A, Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ní, Nohr, Ellen A, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte JJM, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C, Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Lawlor, Debbie A, Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent WV
Abstract: BackgroundMaternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain may have persistent effects on offspring fat development. However, it remains unclear whether these effects differ by severity of obesity, and whether these effects are restricted to the extremes of maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain. We aimed to assess the separate and combined associations of maternal BMI and gestational weight gain with the risk of overweight/obesity throughout childhood, and their population impact.Methods and findingsWe conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of data from 162,129 mothers and their children from 37 pregnancy and birth cohort studies from Europe, North America, and Australia. We assessed the individual and combined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain, both in clinical categories and across their full ranges, with the risks of overweight/obesity in early (2.0-5.0 years), mid (5.0-10.0 years) and late childhood (10.0-18.0 years), using multilevel binary logistic regression models with a random intercept at cohort level adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics. We observed that higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain both in clinical categories and across their full ranges were associated with higher risks of childhood overweight/obesity, with the strongest effects in late childhood (odds ratios [ORs] for overweight/obesity in early, mid, and late childhood, respectively: OR 1.66 [95% CI: 1.56, 1.78], OR 1.91 [95% CI: 1.85, 1.98], and OR 2.28 [95% CI: 2.08, 2.50] for maternal overweight; OR 2.43 [95% CI: 2.24, 2.64], OR 3.12 [95% CI: 2.98, 3.27], and OR 4.47 [95% CI: 3.99, 5.23] for maternal obesity; and OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.30, 1.49], OR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.49, 1.60], and OR 1.72 [95% CI: 1.56, 1.91] for excessive gestational weight gain). The proportions of childhood overweight/obesity prevalence attributable to maternal overweight, maternal o
Published: 2019

24. Critical hours and important environments: Relationships between afterschool physical activity and the physical environment using GPS, GIS and accelerometers in 10–12-year-old children

Author: Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, Kremers, Stef, Social Urban Transitions, Remmers, Teun, Thijs, Carel, Ettema, Dick, de Vries, Sanne, Slingerland, Menno, and Kremers, Stef
Published: 2019

25. Intakes of Vitamin B-12 from Dairy Food, Meat, and Fish and Shellfish Are Independently and Positively Associated with Vitamin B-12 Biomarker Status in Pregnant Dutch Women

Author: Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Heil, Sandra G., Eussen, Simone J. P. M., Heeskens, Jim P. J., Thijs, Carel, Mommers, Monique, Smits, Luc J. M., van Dongen, Martien C. J. M., Dagnelie, Pieter C., Denissen, Karlijn F. M., Heil, Sandra G., Eussen, Simone J. P. M., Heeskens, Jim P. J., Thijs, Carel, Mommers, Monique, Smits, Luc J. M., van Dongen, Martien C. J. M., and Dagnelie, Pieter C.
Abstract: Background: The effect of vitamin B-12 from different animal foods on vitamin B-12 biomarker status has not previously been evaluated in pregnant women.Objective: We examined the association of vitamin B-12 intake from dairy, meat, fish (including shellfish), and eggs with circulating concentrations of vitamin B-12 biomarkers and with the presence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in 1266 pregnant women participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.Methods: Blood samples were collected in weeks 34-36 of pregnancy, and vitamin B-12 intake from foods and supplements was estimated with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were determined in plasma. Vitamin B-12 deficiency was defined as holoTC <35 pmol/L and MMA > 0.45 mu mol/L. Associations were evaluated with linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Significant dose-response relations were observed between vitamin B-12 intake from dairy, meat, and fish and plasma vitamin B-12, holoTC, and MMA [P-trend for (shell) fish with MMA = 0.002; P-trend for dairy, meat, and fish with all other markers <0.001]. The OR (95% CI) of vitamin B-12 deficiency in the third compared with the first tertile of dairy-derived vitamin B-12 was 0.13 (0.04, 0.49), and the ORs for vitamin B-12 from meat and fish were 0.33 (0.11, 0.97) and 0.25 (0.08, 0.82), respectively. Egg-derived vitamin B-12 was only associated with holoTC. Additional analyses showed that self-defined vegetarians and FFQ-defined lacto-ovo-vegetarians had lower median total dietary vitamin B-12 intake and considerably worse vitamin B-12 biomarker status than omnivores and pescatarians.Conclusions: In pregnant Dutch women, higher intakes of vitamin B-12 from dairy, meat, and fish were positively associated with vitamin B-12 status, suggesting that dairy, meat, and fish are good sources of bioactive vitam
Published: 2019

26. Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Thijs, Carel, LifeCycle Project-Maternal Obesity, Childhood Outcomes Study Group, Gaillard, Romy, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Thijs, Carel, LifeCycle Project-Maternal Obesity, Childhood Outcomes Study Group, and Gaillard, Romy
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Both low and high gestational weight gain have been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, but optimal gestational weight gain remains uncertain and not well defined for all prepregnancy weight ranges.OBJECTIVES To examine the association of ranges of gestational weight gain with risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes and estimate optimal gestational weight gain ranges across prepregnancy body mass index categories.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Individual participant-levelmeta-analysis using data from 196 670 participants within 25 cohort studies from Europe and North America (main study sample). Optimal gestational weight gain ranges were estimated for each prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category by selecting the range of gestational weight gain that was associated with lower risk for any adverse outcome. Individual participant-level data from 3505 participants within 4 separate hospital-based cohorts were used as a validation sample. Data were collected between 1989 and 2015. The final date of follow-up was December 2015.EXPOSURES Gestational weight gain.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome termed any adverse outcome was defined as the presence of 1 or more of the following outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and small or large size for gestational age at birth.RESULTS Of the 196 670 women (median age, 30.0 years [quartile 1 and 3, 27.0 and 33.0 years] and 40 937 were white) included in the main sample, 7809 (4.0%) were categorized at baseline as underweight (BMI <18.5); 133 788 (68.0%), normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9); 38 828 (19.7%), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9); 11 992 (6.1%), obesity grade 1 (BMI, 30.0-34.9); 3284 (1.7%), obesity grade 2 (BMI, 35.0-39.9); and 969 (0.5%), obesity grade 3 (BMI, >= 40.0). Overall, any adverse outcome occurred in 37.2%(n = 73 161) of women, ranging from 34.7%(2706 of 7809) a
Published: 2019

27. Intestinal archaea inversely associated with childhood asthma

Author: Barnett, David, Mommers, Monique, Penders, John, Arts, Ilja, Thijs, Carel, Barnett, David, Mommers, Monique, Penders, John, Arts, Ilja, and Thijs, Carel
Published: 2019

28. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood:An individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergstrom, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbo, Merete, Ekstrom, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriette J. J. M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, Van Rossem, Lenie, Von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergstrom, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbo, Merete, Ekstrom, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriette J. J. M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, Van Rossem, Lenie, Von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
Published: 2019

29. Impact of early events and lifestyle on the gut microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in young school-age children

Author: Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D A, Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M.A.E., Masclee, Ad A M, Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C W, Kristiansen, Karsten, Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D A, Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M.A.E., Masclee, Ad A M, Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C W, and Kristiansen, Karsten
Abstract: Background: The gut microbiota evolves from birth and is in early life influenced by events such as birth mode, type of infant feeding, and maternal and infant antibiotics use. However, we still have a gap in our understanding of gut microbiota development in older children, and to what extent early events and pre-school lifestyle modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and how this impinges on whole body metabolic regulation in school-age children. Results: Taking advantage of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, a long-term prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands with extensive collection of high-quality host metadata, we applied shotgun metagenomics sequencing and systematically investigated the gut microbiota of children at 6-9 years of age. We demonstrated an overall adult-like gut microbiota in the 281 Dutch school-age children and identified 3 enterotypes dominated by the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium, respectively. Importantly, we found that breastfeeding duration in early life and pre-school dietary lifestyle correlated with the composition and functional competences of the gut microbiota in the children at school age. The correlations between pre-school dietary lifestyle and metabolic phenotypes exhibited a striking enterotype dependency. Thus, an inverse correlation between high dietary fiber consumption and low plasma insulin levels was only observed in individuals with the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes, but not in Bifidobacterium enterotype individuals in whom the gut microbiota displayed overall lower microbial gene richness, alpha-diversity, functional potential for complex carbohydrate fermentation, and butyrate and succinate production. High total fat consumption and elevated plasma free fatty acid levels in the Bifidobacterium enterotype are associated with the co-occurrence of Streptococcus. Conclusions: Our work highlights the persistent effects of breastfeeding duration and pre-school dietary lifestyle in a
Published: 2019

30. Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stigum, Hein, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vijheid, Martine, Wijga, Alet, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Godfrey, Keith, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Gaillard, Romy, Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Inskip, Hazel, Amiano, Pilar, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbo, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Gori, Davide, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Iniguez, Carmen, Karvonen, Anne M., Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A., Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Moschonis, George, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Roeleveld, Nel, Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stigum, Hein, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M. H. J., van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vijheid, Martine, Wijga, Alet, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Godfrey, Keith, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., and Gaillard, Romy
Published: 2019

31. Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1-Month-Old Breastfed Infants

Author: Borewicz, Klaudyna, Gu, Fangjie, Saccenti, Edoardo, Arts, I.C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, van Leeuwen, Sander S., Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, van Leusen, Ellen, Schols, Henk A., Smidt, Hauke, Borewicz, Klaudyna, Gu, Fangjie, Saccenti, Edoardo, Arts, I.C.W., Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, van Leeuwen, Sander S., Lindner, Cordula, Nauta, Arjen, van Leusen, Ellen, Schols, Henk A., and Smidt, Hauke
Abstract: Scope: Understanding the biological functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. A link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant fecal microbiota composition is examined and the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, 1-month-old infants is investigated. Methods and results: Maternal breast milk and infant feces are from the KOALA Birth Cohort. HMOs are quantified in milk and infant fecal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition is characterized using Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The composition is associated with gender, delivery mode, and milk HMOs: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2′-fucosyllactose. Overall, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia–Shigella, and Parabacteroides are predominating genera. Three different patterns in infant fecal microbiota structure are detected. GI degradation of HMOs is strongly associated with fecal microbiota composition, and there is a link between utilization of specific HMOs and relative abundance of various phylotypes (operational taxonomic units). Conclusions: HMOs in maternal milk are among the important factors shaping GI tract microbiota in 1-month-old breastfed infants. An infant's ability to metabolize different HMOs strongly correlates with fecal microbiota composition and specifically with phylotypes within genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus.
Published: 2019

32. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood : An individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Patro Golab, Bernadeta, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergström, Anna, Charles, Marie Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbø, Merete, Ekström, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K., Lagström, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ní, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J.J.M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G.M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Patro Golab, Bernadeta, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergström, Anna, Charles, Marie Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbø, Merete, Ekström, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K., Lagström, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ní, Nohr, Ellen A., Nybo Andersen, Anne Marie, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J.J.M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G.M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain may have persistent effects on offspring fat development. However, it remains unclear whether these effects differ by severity of obesity, and whether these effects are restricted to the extremes of maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain. We aimed to assess the separate and combined associations of maternal BMI and gestational weight gain with the risk of overweight/obesity throughout childhood, and their population impact. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of data from 162,129 mothers and their children from 37 pregnancy and birth cohort studies from Europe, North America, and Australia. We assessed the individual and combined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain, both in clinical categories and across their full ranges, with the risks of overweight/obesity in early (2.0-5.0 years), mid (5.0-10.0 years) and late childhood (10.0-18.0 years), using multilevel binary logistic regression models with a random intercept at cohort level adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics. We observed that higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain both in clinical categories and across their full ranges were associated with higher risks of childhood overweight/obesity, with the strongest effects in late childhood (odds ratios [ORs] for overweight/obesity in early, mid, and late childhood, respectively: OR 1.66 [95% CI: 1.56, 1.78], OR 1.91 [95% CI: 1.85, 1.98], and OR 2.28 [95% CI: 2.08, 2.50] for maternal overweight; OR 2.43 [95% CI: 2.24, 2.64], OR 3.12 [95% CI: 2.98, 3.27], and OR 4.47 [95% CI: 3.99, 5.23] for maternal obesity; and OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.30, 1.49], OR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.49, 1.60], and OR 1.72 [95% CI: 1.56, 1.91] for excessive gestational weight gain). The proportions of childhood overweight/obesity prevalence attributable to maternal overweight, mater
Published: 2019

33. The effect of prebiotic fortified infant formulas on microbiota composition and dynamics in early life

Author: Borewicz, Klaudyna, Suarez-Diez, Maria, Hechler, Christine, Beijers, Roseriet, de Weerth, Carolina, Arts, Ilja, Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Nauta, Arjen, Lindner, Cordula, Van Leusen, Ellen, Vaughan, Elaine E., Smidt, Hauke, Borewicz, Klaudyna, Suarez-Diez, Maria, Hechler, Christine, Beijers, Roseriet, de Weerth, Carolina, Arts, Ilja, Penders, John, Thijs, Carel, Nauta, Arjen, Lindner, Cordula, Van Leusen, Ellen, Vaughan, Elaine E., and Smidt, Hauke
Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota composition differs between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Today’s infant formulas are often fortified with prebiotics to better mimic properties of human milk with respect to its effect on GI microbiota composition and function. We used Illumina HiSeq sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments to investigate the composition of faecal microbiota in 2–12 week old infants receiving either breastmilk, infant formulas fortified with prebiotics, or mixed feeding. We compared these results with results from infants fed traditional formulas used in the Netherlands in 2002–2003, which contained no added prebiotics. We showed that today’s formulas supplemented with either scGOS (0.24–0.50 g/100 ml) or scGOS and lcFOS (at a 9:1 ratio; total 0.6 g/100 ml) had a strong bifidogenic effect as compared to traditional formulas, and they also resulted in altered patterns of microbial colonisation within the developing infant gastrointestinal tract. We identified three microbial states (or developmental stages) in the first 12 weeks of life, with a gradual transition pattern towards a bifidobacteria dominated state. In infants receiving only fortified formulas, this transition towards the bifidobacteria dominated state was accelerated, whereas in infants receiving mixed feeding the transition was delayed, as compared to exclusively breastfed infants.
Published: 2019

34. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood:An individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergstrom, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbo, Merete, Ekstrom, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriette J. J. M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, Van Rossem, Lenie, Von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Voerman, Ellis, Santos, Susana, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Amiano, Pilar, Ballester, Ferran, Barros, Henrique, Bergstrom, Anna, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cecile, Chrousos, George P., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Devereux, Graham, Eggesbo, Merete, Ekstrom, Sandra, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M., Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Iszatt, Nina, Karvonen, Anne M., Kenny, Louise C., Koletzko, Berthold, Kupers, Leanne K., Lagstrom, Hanna, Lehmann, Irina, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Makela, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., McDonald, Sheila W., Mehegan, John, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S., Mori, Trevor A., Moschonis, George, Murray, Deirdre, Chaoimh, Carol Ni, Nohr, Ellen A., Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriette J. J. M., Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Ronfani, Luca, Santos, Ana C., Standl, Marie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C., Trnovec, Tomas, Turner, Steve, Van Rossem, Lenie, Von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., West, Jane, Wijga, Alet, Wright, John, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Lawlor, Debbie A., Gaillard, Romy, and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
Published: 2019

35. Impact of early events and lifestyle on the gut microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in young school-age children

Author: Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D A, Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M.A.E., Masclee, Ad A M, Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C W, Kristiansen, Karsten, Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D A, Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M.A.E., Masclee, Ad A M, Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C W, and Kristiansen, Karsten
Abstract: Background: The gut microbiota evolves from birth and is in early life influenced by events such as birth mode, type of infant feeding, and maternal and infant antibiotics use. However, we still have a gap in our understanding of gut microbiota development in older children, and to what extent early events and pre-school lifestyle modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and how this impinges on whole body metabolic regulation in school-age children. Results: Taking advantage of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, a long-term prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands with extensive collection of high-quality host metadata, we applied shotgun metagenomics sequencing and systematically investigated the gut microbiota of children at 6-9 years of age. We demonstrated an overall adult-like gut microbiota in the 281 Dutch school-age children and identified 3 enterotypes dominated by the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium, respectively. Importantly, we found that breastfeeding duration in early life and pre-school dietary lifestyle correlated with the composition and functional competences of the gut microbiota in the children at school age. The correlations between pre-school dietary lifestyle and metabolic phenotypes exhibited a striking enterotype dependency. Thus, an inverse correlation between high dietary fiber consumption and low plasma insulin levels was only observed in individuals with the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes, but not in Bifidobacterium enterotype individuals in whom the gut microbiota displayed overall lower microbial gene richness, alpha-diversity, functional potential for complex carbohydrate fermentation, and butyrate and succinate production. High total fat consumption and elevated plasma free fatty acid levels in the Bifidobacterium enterotype are associated with the co-occurrence of Streptococcus. Conclusions: Our work highlights the persistent effects of breastfeeding duration and pre-school dietary lifestyle in a
Published: 2019

36. Impact of early events and lifestyle on the gut microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in young school-age children

Author: Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D. A., Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M. A. E., Masclee, Ad A. M., Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C. W., Kristiansen, Karsten, Zhong, Huanzi, Penders, John, Shi, Zhun, Ren, Huahui, Cai, Kaiye, Fang, Chao, Ding, Qiuxia, Thijs, Carel, Blaak, Ellen E., Stehouwer, Coen D. A., Xu, Xun, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Jonkers, Daisy M. A. E., Masclee, Ad A. M., Brix, Susanne, Li, Junhua, Arts, Ilja C. W., and Kristiansen, Karsten
Abstract: The gut microbiota evolves from birth and is in early life influenced by events such as birth mode, type of infant feeding, and maternal and infant antibiotics use. However, we still have a gap in our understanding of gut microbiota development in older children, and to what extent early events and pre-school lifestyle modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and how this impinges on whole body metabolic regulation in school-age children. Taking advantage of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, a long-term prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands with extensive collection of high-quality host metadata, we applied shotgun metagenomics sequencing and systematically investigated the gut microbiota of children at 6-9 years of age. We demonstrated an overall adult-like gut microbiota in the 281 Dutch school-age children and identified 3 enterotypes dominated by the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium, respectively. Importantly, we found that breastfeeding duration in early life and pre-school dietary lifestyle correlated with the composition and functional competences of the gut microbiota in the children at school age. The correlations between pre-school dietary lifestyle and metabolic phenotypes exhibited a striking enterotype dependency. Thus, an inverse correlation between high dietary fiber consumption and low plasma insulin levels was only observed in individuals with the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes, but not in Bifidobacterium enterotype individuals in whom the gut microbiota displayed overall lower microbial gene richness, alpha-diversity, functional potential for complex carbohydrate fermentation, and butyrate and succinate production. High total fat consumption and elevated plasma free fatty acid levels in the Bifidobacterium enterotype are associated with the co-occurrence of Streptococcus. Our work highlights the persistent effects of breastfeeding duration and pre-school dietary li
Published: 2019

37. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? : A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

Author: Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, Chatzi, Leda, Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, and Chatzi, Leda
Published: 2018

38. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

39. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

40. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? : A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

Author: Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, Chatzi, Leda, Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, and Chatzi, Leda
Published: 2018

41. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

Author: Contreras, Zuelma A., Contreras, Zuelma A., Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baiz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergstrom, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekstrom, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P., Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W., Heinrich, Joachim, Iniguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R., Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriette A., Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wijga, Alet H., Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, Chatzi, Leda, Contreras, Zuelma A., Contreras, Zuelma A., Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baiz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergstrom, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekstrom, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P., Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W., Heinrich, Joachim, Iniguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R., Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriette A., Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wijga, Alet H., Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, and Chatzi, Leda
Abstract: The parallel epidemics of childhood asthma and obesity over the past few decades have spurred research into obesity as a risk factor for asthma. However, little is known regarding the role of asthma in obesity incidence. We examined whether early-onset asthma and related phenotypes are associated with the risk of developing obesity in childhood.This study includes 21 130 children born from 1990 to 2008 in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We followed non-obese children at 3-4 years of age for incident obesity up to 8 years of age. Physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis were assessed up to 3-4 years of age.Children with physician-diagnosed asthma had a higher risk for incident obesity than those without asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66, 95% CI 1.18-2.33). Children with active asthma (wheeze in the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed asthma) exhibited a higher risk for obesity (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31-3.00) than those without wheeze and asthma. Persistent wheezing was associated with increased risk for incident obesity compared to never wheezers (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.09).Early-onset asthma and wheezing may contribute to an increased risk of developing obesity in later childhood.
Published: 2018

42. Influence of maternal obesity on the association between common pregnancy complications and risk of childhood obesity: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Santos, Susana, Voerman, Ellis, Lawlor, Debbie A., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Gaillard, Romy, Mommers, Monique, Thijs, Carel, MOCO Study Grp Authorst, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Santos, Susana, Voerman, Ellis, Lawlor, Debbie A., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Gaillard, Romy, Mommers, Monique, Thijs, Carel, and MOCO Study Grp Authorst
Abstract: Background Gestational diabetes and gestational hypertensive disorders are associated with offspring obesity, but the role of maternal adiposity in these associations remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether these pregnancy complications affect the odds of offspring obesity independently of maternal obesity.Methods We did an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of mother offspring pairs from prospective birth cohort studies that had IPD on mothers with singleton liveborn children born from 1989 onwards and had information available about maternal gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia, and childhood body-mass index (BMI). We applied multilevel mixed-effects models to assess associations of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia with BMI SD scores and the odds of overweight and obesity throughout childhood, adjusting for lifestyle characteristics (offspring's sex, maternal age, educational level, ethnicity, parity, and smoking during pregnancy). We then explored the extent to which any association was explained by maternal pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy BMI.Findings 160 757 mother offspring pairs from 34 European or North American cohorts were analysed. Compared with uncomplicated pregnancies, gestational diabetes was associated with increased odds of overweight or obesity throughout childhood (odds ratio [OR] 1.59 [95% CI 1.36 to 1.86] for early childhood [age 2.0-4.9 years], 1.41 [1.26 to 1.57] for mid childhood [5 0-9 9 years], and 1.32 [0.97 to 1.78] for late childhood [10.0-17.9 years]); however, these associations attenuated towards the null following adjustment for maternal BMI (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.15 to 1.58] for early childhood, 1.12 [1.00 to 1.25] for mid childhood, and 0.96 [0.71 to 1.31] for late childhood). Likewise, gestational hypertension was associated with increased odds of overweight throughout childhood (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.39] for early childhood, 1.23 [
Published: 2018

43. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Leerstoel van Buuren, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Leerstoel van Buuren, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

44. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? : A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

Author: Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, Chatzi, Leda, Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, and Chatzi, Leda
Published: 2018

45. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

46. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania.

Author: Santos, Susana, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte JJM, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen MHJ, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Santos, Susana, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte JJM, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen MHJ, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent WV
Abstract: BackgroundGestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies.MethodsWe used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape.ResultsWe observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothe
Published: 2018

47. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Child Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Infectieziekten, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Child Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Infectieziekten, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

48. Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk?: A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

Author: Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Child Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Infectieziekten, Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, Chatzi, Leda, Public Health Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Child Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Infectieziekten, Contreras, Zuelma A, Chen, Zhanghua, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Baïz, Nour, von Berg, Andrea, Bergström, Anna, Crozier, Sarah, Duijts, Liesbeth, Ekström, Sandra, Eller, Esben, Fantini, Maria P, Kjaer, Henrik Fomsgaard, Forastiere, Francesco, Gerhard, Beatrix, Gori, Davide, Harskamp-van Ginkel, Margreet W, Heinrich, Joachim, Iñiguez, Carmen, Inskip, Hazel, Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Lau, Susanne, Lehmann, Irina, Maier, Dieter, van Meel, Evelien R, Mommers, Monique, Murcia, Mario, Porta, Daniela, Smit, Henriëtte A, Standl, Marie, Stratakis, Nikos, Sunyer, Jordi, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wijga, Alet H, Berhane, Kiros, Gilliland, Frank, and Chatzi, Leda
Published: 2018

49. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Leerstoel van Buuren, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Leerstoel van Buuren, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Santos, Susana, Eekhout, Iris, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, Henrique, Charles, Marie-Aline, Chatzi, Leda, Chevrier, Cécile, Chrousos, George P, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costet, Nathalie, Crozier, Sarah, Doyon, Myriam, Eggesbø, Merete, Fantini, Maria Pia, Farchi, Sara, Forastiere, Francesco, Gagliardi, Luigi, Georgiu, Vagelis, Godfrey, Keith M, Gori, Davide, Grote, Veit, Hanke, Wojciech, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Heude, Barbara, Hivert, Marie-France, Hryhorczuk, Daniel, Huang, Rae-Chi, Inskip, Hazel, Jusko, Todd A, Karvonen, Anne M, Koletzko, Berthold, Küpers, Leanne K, Lagström, Hanna, Lawlor, Debbie A, Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Magnus, Per, Majewska, Renata, Mäkelä, Johanna, Manios, Yannis, McDonald, Sheila W, Mommers, Monique, Morgen, Camilla S, Moschonis, George, Murínová, Ľubica, Newnham, John, Nohr, Ellen A, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Oken, Emily, Oostvogels, Adriëtte J J M, Pac, Agnieszka, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Pekkanen, Juha, Pizzi, Costanza, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Roeleveld, Nel, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santos, Ana C, Smit, Henriette A, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Standl, Marie, Stanislawski, Maggie, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thiering, Elisabeth, Thijs, Carel, Torrent, Maties, Tough, Suzanne C, Trnovec, Tomas, van Gelder, Marleen M H J, van Rossem, Lenie, von Berg, Andrea, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Zvinchuk, Oleksandr, van Buuren, Stef, and Jaddoe, Vincent W V
Published: 2018

50. Influence of maternal obesity on the association between common pregnancy complications and risk of childhood obesity: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Santos, Susana, Voerman, Ellis, Lawlor, Debbie A., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Gaillard, Romy, Mommers, Monique, Thijs, Carel, MOCO Study Group Authors, Golab, Bernadeta Patro, Santos, Susana, Voerman, Ellis, Lawlor, Debbie A., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Gaillard, Romy, Mommers, Monique, Thijs, Carel, and MOCO Study Group Authors
Abstract: Background Gestational diabetes and gestational hypertensive disorders are associated with offspring obesity, but the role of maternal adiposity in these associations remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether these pregnancy complications affect the odds of offspring obesity independently of maternal obesity.Methods We did an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of mother offspring pairs from prospective birth cohort studies that had IPD on mothers with singleton liveborn children born from 1989 onwards and had information available about maternal gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia, and childhood body-mass index (BMI). We applied multilevel mixed-effects models to assess associations of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia with BMI SD scores and the odds of overweight and obesity throughout childhood, adjusting for lifestyle characteristics (offspring's sex, maternal age, educational level, ethnicity, parity, and smoking during pregnancy). We then explored the extent to which any association was explained by maternal pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy BMI.Findings 160 757 mother offspring pairs from 34 European or North American cohorts were analysed. Compared with uncomplicated pregnancies, gestational diabetes was associated with increased odds of overweight or obesity throughout childhood (odds ratio [OR] 1.59 [95% CI 1.36 to 1.86] for early childhood [age 2.0-4.9 years], 1.41 [1.26 to 1.57] for mid childhood [5 0-9 9 years], and 1.32 [0.97 to 1.78] for late childhood [10.0-17.9 years]); however, these associations attenuated towards the null following adjustment for maternal BMI (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.15 to 1.58] for early childhood, 1.12 [1.00 to 1.25] for mid childhood, and 0.96 [0.71 to 1.31] for late childhood). Likewise, gestational hypertension was associated with increased odds of overweight throughout childhood (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.39] for early childhood, 1.23 [
Published: 2018

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