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BACKGROUND: Dementia is a global public health priority. The World Health Organization adopted a Global Action Plan on Dementia, with dementia awareness a priority. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-confidence with skills required for providing dementia care among primary health care providers in Vietnam. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 405 primary health care providers who worked at commune health stations and district health centers in eight provinces across Vietnam. RESULTS: The results showed that primary health care providers had poor knowledge and little confidence but more positive attitudes toward dementia care and management. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the training needs for building capacity amongst primary health care providers, which will be critical as Vietnams population ages.

Hintergrund: Der Hypoparathyreoidismus (Hypopara) ist neben der Recurrensparese eine typische postoperative Komplikation nach Thyreoidektomie. Ziel dieser Arbeit soll die Prozessoptimierung des postoperativen Managements sein, um einen p.o. Hypopara frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu therapieren und somit die klinischen Symptome zu lindern oder zu vermeiden. Methoden: Es wurden alle Patienten mit einer beidseitigen Schilddrüsenresektion eingeschlossen. Ausschlusskriterien waren simultane Nebenschilddrüsen- erkrankungen sowie fortgeschrittene Schilddrüsenmalignome mit geplantem Tumordebulking und/oder langem ITS-Aufenthalt. Postoperativ wurden Parathormon (EDTA) sowie Kalzium (Serum) bestimmt. Bei einem Parathormon (PTH) - Wert unter dem Referenzbereich (15,0-68,3 pg/ml) und/oder einer ausgeprägten Hypokalzämie mit einem Kalziumwert < 1,9 (Ref. 2,20-2,65 mmol/l) und/oder klinischen Zeichen wie Kribbelparästhesien oder Tetanie wurde Kalzium und Vitamin D mittels festem Schema verordnet. Die Symptombesserung wurde klinisch dokumentiert. Ergebnisse: Am AGAPLESION Elisabethenstift gGmbH in Darmstadt wurden im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2019 und Juni 2022 Schilddrüseneingriffe bei insgesamt 465 Patienten durchgeführt. Nach Berücksichtigung der Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien wurden 193 Patienten mit Thyreoidektomie in die Auswertung einbezogen. Ein p.o. Hypopara wurde bei 51 Patienten (26,4 %) festgestellt. Bei 40 Patienten (20,7 %) traten Symptome auf (39x Kribbelparästhesie, 1xTetanie). Von den 51 Patienten lag bei 26 (51 %) ein nur leicht erniedrigter Kalziumwert am 1. p.o. Tag vor (zwischen 2,00 und 2,20 mmol/l), bei 10 Patienten (19,6 %) war der Kalziumwert im Normbereich (2,20-2,65 mmol/l). Im Vergleich dazu lag bei 6 von 51 Patienten (11,8 %) ein normwertiger PTH-Wert vor. Bei 20 Patienten (10,4 %) erfolgte intraoperativ eine Nebenschilddrüsen-Replantation in den ipsilateralen M. sternocleidomastoideus. Davon trat bei 8 Patienten (40 %) ein Hypopara auf. Bei 29 Patienten (15, Background: Hypoparathyroidism is beside the recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis a typical postoperative complication after thyroidectomy. The aim of this study is the process optimization of postoperative management to detect and treat postoperative hypoparathyroidism early so clinical symptoms can be allayed or avoided. Methods: All patients who underwent bilateral thyroidectomy were included. Exclusion criteria were simultaneous parathyroid diseases and progressed thyroid malignoma with scheduled tumor debulking and/or long stay in intensive care unit. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium in serum were measured postoperative. In case of lower PTH under the reference range (15.0-68.3 pg/ml) and/or hypocalcaemia with calcium < 1.9 (reference range 2.20-2.65 mmol/l) and/or clinical signs like paraesthesia or tetany calcium and vitamin D were prescribed as a fixed scheme. Clinical recovery was documented. Results: At AGAPLESION Elisabethenstift gGmbH in Darmstadt 465 thyroid operations were performed between January 2019 and June 2022. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria 193 patients with bilateral thyroidectomy were included for analysis. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism was detected in 51 patients (26.4 %). Clinical symptoms were noticed in 40 patients (20.7 %), 39 cases of paraesthesia and 1 case of tetany. In 26 of the 51 hypoparathyroidism patients (51 %) calcium was just gently degraded (between 2.00 and 2.20 mmol/l) on postoperative day 1, in 10 patients (19.6 %) calcium was normal (2.20-2.65 mmol/l). Compared to that in 6 of 51 hypoparathyroidism patients (11.8 %) PTH was normal. In 20 of the 51 hypoparathyroidism patients (10.4 %) parathyroid replantation into ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle was performed, thereof in 8 patients (40 %) a hypoparathyroidism was detected. In 29 patients of all included patients (15 %) histological examination showed an accidental removed parathyroid, thereof in 13 patients (44.8 %) a hypoparathyroidism was dete

Our work addresses limitations seen in previous approaches for object-centric editing problems, such as unrealistic results due to shape discrepancies and limited control in object replacement or insertion. To this end, we introduce FlexEdit, a flexible and controllable editing framework for objects where we iteratively adjust latents at each denoising step using our FlexEdit block. Initially, we optimize latents at test time to align with specified object constraints. Then, our framework employs an adaptive mask, automatically extracted during denoising, to protect the background while seamlessly blending new content into the target image. We demonstrate the versatility of FlexEdit in various object editing tasks and curate an evaluation test suite with samples from both real and synthetic images, along with novel evaluation metrics designed for object-centric editing. We conduct extensive experiments on different editing scenarios, demonstrating the superiority of our editing framework over recent advanced text-guided image editing methods. Our project page is published at https://flex-edit.github.io/., Comment: Our project page: https://flex-edit.github.io

Video scene graph generation (VidSGG) has emerged as a transformative approach to capturing and interpreting the intricate relationships among objects and their temporal dynamics in video sequences. In this paper, we introduce the new AeroEye dataset that focuses on multi-object relationship modeling in aerial videos. Our AeroEye dataset features various drone scenes and includes a visually comprehensive and precise collection of predicates that capture the intricate relationships and spatial arrangements among objects. To this end, we propose the novel Cyclic Graph Transformer (CYCLO) approach that allows the model to capture both direct and long-range temporal dependencies by continuously updating the history of interactions in a circular manner. The proposed approach also allows one to handle sequences with inherent cyclical patterns and process object relationships in the correct sequential order. Therefore, it can effectively capture periodic and overlapping relationships while minimizing information loss. The extensive experiments on the AeroEye dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CYCLO model, demonstrating its potential to perform scene understanding on drone videos. Finally, the CYCLO method consistently achieves State-of-the-Art (SOTA) results on two in-the-wild scene graph generation benchmarks, i.e., PVSG and ASPIRe.

The entropy error function has been widely used in neural networks. Nevertheless, the network training based on this error function generally leads to a slow convergence rate, and can easily be trapped in a local minimum or even with the incorrect saturation problem in practice. In fact, there are many results based on entropy error function in neural network and its applications. However, the theory of such an algorithm and its convergence have not been fully studied so far. To tackle the issue, we propose a novel entropy function with smoothing l0 regularization for feed-forward neural networks. Using real-world datasets, we performed an empirical evaluation to demonstrate that the newly conceived algorithm allows us to substantially improve the prediction performance of the considered neural networks. More importantly, the experimental results also show that our proposed function brings in more precise classifications, compared to well-founded baselines. Our work is novel as it enables neural networks to learn effectively, producing more accurate predictions compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. In this respect, we expect that the algorithm will contribute to existing studies in the field, advancing research in Machine Learning and Deep Learning., Comment: The paper has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication with Springer Applied Intelligence

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as a compelling machine learning paradigm, prioritizing the protection of privacy for training data. The increasing demand to address issues such as ``the right to be forgotten'' and combat data poisoning attacks highlights the importance of techniques, known as \textit{unlearning}, which facilitate the removal of specific training data from trained FL models. Despite numerous unlearning methods proposed for centralized learning, they often prove inapplicable to FL due to fundamental differences in the operation of the two learning paradigms. Consequently, unlearning in FL remains in its early stages, presenting several challenges. Many existing unlearning solutions in FL require a costly retraining process, which can be burdensome for clients. Moreover, these methods are primarily validated through experiments, lacking theoretical assurances. In this study, we introduce Fast-FedUL, a tailored unlearning method for FL, which eliminates the need for retraining entirely. Through meticulous analysis of the target client's influence on the global model in each round, we develop an algorithm to systematically remove the impact of the target client from the trained model. In addition to presenting empirical findings, we offer a theoretical analysis delineating the upper bound of our unlearned model and the exact retrained model (the one obtained through retraining using untargeted clients). Experimental results with backdoor attack scenarios indicate that Fast-FedUL effectively removes almost all traces of the target client, while retaining the knowledge of untargeted clients (obtaining a high accuracy of up to 98\% on the main task). Significantly, Fast-FedUL attains the lowest time complexity, providing a speed that is 1000 times faster than retraining. Our source code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/thanhtrunghuynh93/fastFedUL}., Comment: Accepted in ECML PKDD 2024

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) necessitates the development of new benchmarks to accurately assess their capabilities. To address this need for Vietnamese, this work aims to introduce ViLLM-Eval, the comprehensive evaluation suite designed to measure the advanced knowledge and reasoning abilities of foundation models within a Vietnamese context. ViLLM-Eval consists of multiple-choice questions and predict next word tasks spanning various difficulty levels and diverse disciplines, ranging from humanities to science and engineering. A thorough evaluation of the most advanced LLMs on ViLLM-Eval revealed that even the best performing models have significant room for improvement in understanding and responding to Vietnamese language tasks. ViLLM-Eval is believed to be instrumental in identifying key strengths and weaknesses of foundation models, ultimately promoting their development and enhancing their performance for Vietnamese users. This paper provides a thorough overview of ViLLM-Eval as part of the Vietnamese Large Language Model shared task, held within the 10th International Workshop on Vietnamese Language and Speech Processing (VLSP 2023)., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.08322 by other authors

Purpose: The article analyzes the impact of the factors affecting the fraud of Vietnamese auditors applying the fraud triangle model, providing more empirical evidence on the factors affecting the fraud of the auditors. Vietnam. Theoretical framework: This paper uses the the fraud triangle model. Design/methodology/approach: Research method using questionnaire survey of managers and auditors of Vietnamese auditing firms, the survey results collected 250 questionnaires. After eliminating invalid questionnaires due to There are many blank cells, the author chooses to use 236 questionnaires. Quantitative research was carried out with SPSS 25 software. Findings: Research results show that pressure perception factor has higher standardized Beta coefficient (0.390) than all other factors. The normalized Beta coefficients of the remaining factors are: Perception of opportunity (0.289), Rationalization (0.267) Research, Practical & Social implications: Based on the research results, the author has proposed recommendations to minimize the negative impact of these pressures in order to limit the occurrence of violations of professional ethics of Vietnamese auditors. Originality/value:This study fills the gap in the Ethical issues of Vietnamese auditors: applying the fraud triangle model.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to focus on clarifying using case study method to improve teaching law course. Currently, many universities around the world are applying a new teaching method. It can help students absorb knowledge more efficiently and faster. That is the case study. Using a Case Study allows a deeper understanding of cases as a unit, through comparing the similarities and differences of individual cases. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods, together with studies and references from CPTPP, FTA Agreement, as well as Regulations on assurance of business investment activities. Findings: The application of this method to teaching helps learners to approach very applicable situations. The situations or problems close to the theory will also help them to systematize all the knowledge they have learned to apply to solve the assigned problem. Not only use the knowledge learned, but also learn related knowledge outside the program to solve the problem. Case Study is an extremely interesting and interesting learning method, helping us to associate reality and apply it to solve problems and help us remember longer. If you really understand what a case study is, then apply it to your life and work. The results show the regulations on guaranteeing ownership rights as well as ensuring investors' business investment activities have been clearly stipulated in the 2020 Labor Law of Vietnam. These regulations have concretized the constitutional principle of investors' freedom to invest and do business in industries that are not prohibited by law.

Traditional Vietnamese herbal species were examined for their antimicrobial activity and disease resistance in whiteleg shrimp. In-vitro screening, the extracts of ten herbs were conducted to test the inhibition ability against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. The results showed that five out of ten herbal species, including Pithecellobium dulce, Melaleuca leucadendron, Eucalyptus globulus, Mimosa pirga, and Hibiscus sabdariffa displayed potent antibacterial activity. Besides, three types of extracts of H. sabdariffa, E. globulus, and M. pirga were coated to the pellet feed at a concentration of 1%. After 30 days of feeding, the whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were challenged by V. parahaemolyticus through immersion. The growth performance (such as growth rate in length and weight, survival rate), hematological parameters of total hemocytes (THC), hyaline hemocytes (HC), and granulocytes (GC), and hepatopancreas recovery under the treatments with herbal extracts of the whiteleg shrimp were significantly enhanced as compared with the control (without herbal extract). The mortality and the bacterial density in the hepatopancreas of shrimp decreased. Specifically, the mortality of shrimp in the treatment supplemented with the methanol extract of H. sabdariffa was the lowest, followed by M. pirga and E. globulus. The experimental results also indicated that H. sabdariffa, E. globulus, and M. pirga could improve immune parameters and disease resistance; therefore, they should be employed in sustainable shrimp, practical farming.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection control programs typically consist of school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC) targeted to school-aged children. STH reservoirs in untreated community members contribute to ongoing transmission in children. The CoDe-STH (Community Deworming against STH) trial, conducted in Dak Lak province, Vietnam, between October 2019 and November 2020, aimed to determine whether community-wide mass drug administration (MDA) is more effective than school-based targeted PC in reducing STH prevalence and intensity in children. Methods: In this two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, 64 primary schools were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either school-based targeted PC (“school arm”) or community-wide MDA (“community arm”). A single dose of albendazole 400 mg was used for deworming. The primary outcome was hookworm prevalence in schoolchildren, measured using quantitative real-time PCR. We also measured infection intensity for Necator americanus only, using qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values converted into eggs per gram of faeces (EPG). Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000309189). Findings: The analysis included 4955 children in the school arm and 5093 children in the community arm. N. americanus was the dominant STH species. The relative reduction in hookworm prevalence was not significantly different between the school arm (30.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.5–36.9) and the community arm (34.6%, 95% CI 19.9–49.4). Due to lower baseline prevalence than expected, the study was underpowered to detect a difference in prevalence reduction between the study arms. The community arm showed significantly greater relative reduction in N. americanus infection intensity (56.0%, 95% CI 39.9–72.1) compared to the school arm (3.4%, 95% CI −24.7 to 31.4). The community arm also show

Federated learning enables edge devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their data. Despite achieving outstanding advantages in computing efficiency and privacy protection, federated learning faces a significant challenge when dealing with non-IID data, i.e., data generated by clients that are typically not independent and identically distributed. In this paper, we tackle a new type of Non-IID data, called cluster-skewed non-IID, discovered in actual data sets. The cluster-skewed non-IID is a phenomenon in which clients can be grouped into clusters with similar data distributions. By performing an in-depth analysis of the behavior of a classification model's penultimate layer, we introduce a metric that quantifies the similarity between two clients' data distributions without violating their privacy. We then propose an aggregation scheme that guarantees equality between clusters. In addition, we offer a novel local training regularization based on the knowledge-distillation technique that reduces the overfitting problem at clients and dramatically boosts the training scheme's performance. We theoretically prove the superiority of the proposed aggregation over the benchmark FedAvg. Extensive experimental results on both standard public datasets and our in-house real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach improves accuracy by up to 16% compared to the FedAvg algorithm., Comment: Accepted for presentation at the 23rd International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid 2023)

All flames are extinguished as early as possible, or fire services have to deal with major conflagrations. This leads to the fact that the quality of fire extinguishers has become a very sensitive and important issue in firefighting. Inspired by the development of automatic fire fighting systems, this paper presents a mobile manipulator to evaluate the power of fire extinguishers, which is designed according to the standard of fire extinguishers named as ISO 7165:2009 and ISO 11601:2008. A detailed discussion on key specifications solutions and mechanical design of the chassis of the mobile manipulator has been presented in Part I: Key Specifications and Conceptual Design. The focus of this part is on the rest of the mechanical design and controller de-sign of the mobile manipulator., Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, the 7th International Conference on Advanced Engineering, Theory and Applications

3D object retrieval is an important yet challenging task that has drawn more and more attention in recent years. While existing approaches have made strides in addressing this issue, they are often limited to restricted settings such as image and sketch queries, which are often unfriendly interactions for common users. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel SHREC challenge track focusing on text-based fine-grained retrieval of 3D animal models. Unlike previous SHREC challenge tracks, the proposed task is considerably more challenging, requiring participants to develop innovative approaches to tackle the problem of text-based retrieval. Despite the increased difficulty, we believe this task can potentially drive useful applications in practice and facilitate more intuitive interactions with 3D objects. Five groups participated in our competition, submitting a total of 114 runs. While the results obtained in our competition are satisfactory, we note that the challenges presented by this task are far from fully solved. As such, we provide insights into potential areas for future research and improvements. We believe we can help push the boundaries of 3D object retrieval and facilitate more user-friendly interactions via vision-language technologies. https://aichallenge.hcmus.edu.vn/textanimar, Comment: Accepted to Computers and Graphics (3DOR, Journal Track)

The retrieval of 3D objects has gained significant importance in recent years due to its broad range of applications in computer vision, computer graphics, virtual reality, and augmented reality. However, the retrieval of 3D objects presents significant challenges due to the intricate nature of 3D models, which can vary in shape, size, and texture, and have numerous polygons and vertices. To this end, we introduce a novel SHREC challenge track that focuses on retrieving relevant 3D animal models from a dataset using sketch queries and expedites accessing 3D models through available sketches. Furthermore, a new dataset named ANIMAR was constructed in this study, comprising a collection of 711 unique 3D animal models and 140 corresponding sketch queries. Our contest requires participants to retrieve 3D models based on complex and detailed sketches. We receive satisfactory results from eight teams and 204 runs. Although further improvement is necessary, the proposed task has the potential to incentivize additional research in the domain of 3D object retrieval, potentially yielding benefits for a wide range of applications. We also provide insights into potential areas of future research, such as improving techniques for feature extraction and matching and creating more diverse datasets to evaluate retrieval performance. https://aichallenge.hcmus.edu.vn/sketchanimar, Comment: Accepted to Computers & Graphics (3DOR 2023, Journal track)

Stock returns are considered as a convolution of two random processes that are the return innovation and volatility innovation. The correlation of these two processes tends to be negative, which is the so-called leverage effect. In this study, we propose a dynamic leverage stochastic volatility (DLSV) model where the correlation structure between the return innovation and the volatility innovation is assumed to follow a generalized autoregressive score (GAS) process. We find that the leverage effect is reinforced in the market downturn period and weakened in the market upturn period.

Visual interactivity understanding within visual scenes presents a significant challenge in computer vision. Existing methods focus on complex interactivities while leveraging a simple relationship model. These methods, however, struggle with a diversity of appearance, situation, position, interaction, and relation in videos. This limitation hinders the ability to fully comprehend the interplay within the complex visual dynamics of subjects. In this paper, we delve into interactivities understanding within visual content by deriving scene graph representations from dense interactivities among humans and objects. To achieve this goal, we first present a new dataset containing Appearance-Situation-Position-Interaction-Relation predicates, named ASPIRe, offering an extensive collection of videos marked by a wide range of interactivities. Then, we propose a new approach named Hierarchical Interlacement Graph (HIG), which leverages a unified layer and graph within a hierarchical structure to provide deep insights into scene changes across five distinct tasks. Our approach demonstrates superior performance to other methods through extensive experiments conducted in various scenarios., Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2024

The solution of using organic and inorganic chemical agents to strengthen loading capacity of soil for base, subbase or surface layers in unpaved road pavement has been applied for a long time in the world. In Vietnam, the method has been applied with conventional such as lime, cement, fly ash, or bitumen. Since the years of 2000s, the new soil stabilizers have been introduced to Vietnam. However, the price of the imported admixtures is still the barrier for practical applications. DBS-06 is a domestic lignosulfonate soil stabilizer synthesized from the paper industry waste, which was collected from the HoaBinh paper factory located in Ky Son District, HoaBinh Province. The study program was conducted to investigate the main mechanical properties of the soil specimens stabilized by DBS-06intending for used in road construction. The test results showed that the soil treated with DBS-06 was significantly improved the strength of compression, split tensile and elastic modulus, the three critical indicators representing forload bearing capacity of the material, in both normal and water saturated conditions.

Reuse or recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become an inevitable trend in the world. Currently, the amount of CDW generated in Hanoi is estimated at more than 4,000 tons per day, of which only about 30% has been controlled and recycled. The CDW comes from many different sources such as construction, repair, renovation, demolition of houses, residential buildings, public buildings, transportation infrastructure works, etc... The CDW commonly comprises soil, bricks, mortar and concrete, and has been reused in many applications around the world. In Vietnam, there are also some research programs set up for reutilizing the material, however, has not been concretely applied in practice. In order to consider the applicability of CDW in road construction, an experimental program was conducted using CDW as the aggregate for the cement treated grain material base layer in road pavement structure. The weight ratios of cement used in the mixture were 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% and 8%. The test results showed that the main mechanical properties of compressive strength, split tensile strength and elastic modulus of the mixture, increased proportionally with the cement content in the mixture.

Classifying pill categories from real-world images is crucial for various smart healthcare applications. Although existing approaches in image classification might achieve a good performance on fixed pill categories, they fail to handle novel instances of pill categories that are frequently presented to the learning algorithm. To this end, a trivial solution is to train the model with novel classes. However, this may result in a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting, in which the system forgets what it learned in previous classes. In this paper, we address this challenge by introducing the class incremental learning (CIL) ability to traditional pill image classification systems. Specifically, we propose a novel incremental multi-stream intermediate fusion framework enabling incorporation of an additional guidance information stream that best matches the domain of the problem into various state-of-the-art CIL methods. From this framework, we consider color-specific information of pill images as a guidance stream and devise an approach, namely "Color Guidance with Multi-stream intermediate fusion"(CG-IMIF) for solving CIL pill image classification task. We conduct comprehensive experiments on real-world incremental pill image classification dataset, namely VAIPE-PCIL, and find that the CG-IMIF consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art methods by a large margin in different task settings. Our code, data, and trained model are available at https://github.com/vinuni-vishc/CG-IMIF., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV 2022)

Thuy-Trinh Ngo-Thi,1 Van-Son Huynh,1 Nhu-Thuyen Dang-Thi,1 Bao-Tran Nguyen-Duong,1 Thuy-Tien Vu-Nguyen,1 Gallayaporn Nantachai,2 Nguyen Nguyen Trong,1 Vinh-Long Tran-Chi1 1Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Nguyen Nguyen Trong, Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam, Tel/Fax +84 387 149 100, Email ntnguyen.psy@gmail.comPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of expectations for marital relationships and premarital sexual permissiveness on intent to marry of Vietnamese emerging adults.Patients and Methods: Our cross-sectional study was focused on emerging adults including 344 participants, undergraduate students from universities in Viet Nam. This study was assessed by using the PLS-SEM approach.Results: The main findings demonstrated that (i) sexual orientation have a significant effect on marital intention; (ii) individuals’ expectations for marital relationship have a direct effect on marital intention; and (iii) premarital sexuality permissiveness mediates the relationship between expectations for marital relationship and marital intention.Conclusion: Our results contribute important documents and clearer understanding of emerging adults’ expectations and requirements in a relationship for the marriage decision-making process.Keywords: premarital sexual permissiveness, expectations for marriage, marital intention, marriage, sexual orientations

On January 1, 2020, California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) by more than 56% of voters intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, United States. Since then, more conditions have been added to the Act to support consumers' privacy. In addition, two years after the first effective day of CCPA, consumers have seen California organizations apply approaches to adapt to CCPA. Many organizations quickly upgrade their policy to comply with the legislation and create effective platforms such as data portals that allow consumers to exercise their privacy rights. However, on the other hand, we still noticed aspects of CCPA being absent on some websites. Additionally, we found no prior evaluation of the CCPA implementation in organizations. Therefore, the convergence of the regulatory landscape and the organization's privacy policy needs to be studied. This paper was about an empirical evaluation of the implementation of the California Consumer Privacy Act. The report includes the evaluations of the following industries: social media, financial institutions, mortgages, healthcare providers, and academic institutions. Our approach was to set up a criteria table constructed from the CCPA Act and then use that table as a checklist while reviewing a company's privacy notice. Finally, we concluded this paper with an online tool application design that verifies the CCPA implementation. Upon completion, the application would be free to use so consumers can quickly inspect a website for CCPA compliance. Additionally, it is an advising tool that a website admin can utilize to enhance CCPA compliance for their website. The conjunction of this empirical report and a practical application function as a stimulus to promote CCPA implementation in organizations and deliver awareness to consumers about privacy rights they can demand., Comment: 75 pages, 30 figures, 9 tables

We introduce a conditional compression problem and propose a fast framework for tackling it. The problem is how to quickly compress a pretrained large neural network into optimal smaller networks given target contexts, e.g. a context involving only a subset of classes or a context where only limited compute resource is available. To solve this, we propose an efficient Bayesian framework to compress a given large network into much smaller size tailored to meet each contextual requirement. We employ a hypernetwork to parameterize the posterior distribution of weights given conditional inputs and minimize a variational objective of this Bayesian neural network. To further reduce the network sizes, we propose a new input-output group sparsity factorization of weights to encourage more sparseness in the generated weights. Our methods can quickly generate compressed networks with significantly smaller sizes than baseline methods., Comment: Published as a conference paper at ECML 2021

Determination of the fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficient hfp is a fundamental problem in food engineering. Solutions to this problem help food technologists and cooks prepare foods with desired characteristics more efficiently in time and energy use. This study aims to determine the hfp-value in simmering and boiling solid foods. Furthermore, it investigates how the culinary terms simmering and boiling corresponds to the pool boiling study in heat transfer literature; and whether they have different impacts on cooking. Feyissa et al. suggested the method conducted in this study by using potatoes as measuring devices. The study observes the progression of gelatinization over time within potato samples during simmering and boiling to estimate the hfp-values of these cooking practices. It is followed by comparing the experimental travel distances of gelatinization with theoretical values calculated by unsteady-state heat transfer analysis using the Sum of Squared Residuals statistical test. The results show hfp-value of boiling is higher than simmering in the cooking of potato samples. However, this difference does not influence the cooking times significantly due to the limitation in the low thermal conductivity of samples. These results suggest that the method could estimate the hfp-value of simmering with high certainty. In contrast, another approach is needed to evaluate the hfp-value of boiling with higher precision. Besides, it recommends cooking solid foods by simmering over boiling because of its efficiency in energy use., What is the most sustainable way to boil foods? Turns out that simmering is the way to go for your future cooking practice. This project studies how fast heat transfers from hot water to foods in boiling and simmering through theoretical calculations and experimental observations with cooking potatoes. The rate of heat transfer is indicated by fluid-to-particle convective heat transfer coefficient hfp. Results shown that simmering takes more time to boil, however, it consumes much less energy to obtain similar results found in boiling. Indeed, it is more sustainable to cook food by simmering than boiling in terms of energy usage. From the literature, it is worth noticing that boiling water can provide much higher hfp value than simmering. One might intuitively say boiling water boils food faster than simmering water from this observation. However, in fact, the reduction in cooking time is insubstantial regardless of the hfp-values of boiling because the internal resistance to heat transfer is higher than the outer resistance in food cooking. Therefore, the convective heat transfer coefficient increments do not affect cooking time significantly.

There will be suitable criminal laws for the case of spreading false information online of some bad Vietnam websites such as: Thanh nien newspaper, Tuoi tre newspaper, giaoduc.edu.vn, vietnamnet.vn, facebook.com> Liemchinhkhoahoc, nguyenduyxuan.net, etc. In specific, Thanh nien newspaper (Thanhnien.vn) and Tuoi tre newspaper (Tuoitre.vn) and recently, Vietnamnet.vn (online) violated during 2015-2022 period in Vietnam. By using synthesis and inductive methods, observations and experiences from other countries, authors will address this case that can be considered as internet crime (a kind of). Not only violating privacy law but also violating fake news publishing laws and slander laws. Allcott and Gentzkow (2017) worked toward a definition of “false news”.  Their study defines this news genre as “A news story that has no factual basis, but it presented as news” . Hence, authors will both present a case teaching method for social sciences and law students (with English using) and address how Indonesia and China deal with this case. Then we also refer to Ho Chi Minh ideas on journalism to teach students in social sciences, and laws majors.

Currently, the steel structure has been popularly used in industrial zones due to cost advantage and fast construction time. However, the industrial zone is an area with complex corrosive agents in the environment such as sulfur dioxides and chlorides. This paper presents a reliability prediction model considering atmosphere corrosion at the industrial zones. The prediction model is a combination of metal atmosphere corrosion (MAC), finite element method (FEM), and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Thereafter, that predictive model is applied for reliability and durability assessment of the steel structures due to atmosphere corrosion in the industrial zones until a life-service of 100 years. The result reveals that the safe probability of the steel structure is reduced to approximately 90 and 80% after 50 years and 100 years, respectively. It implies that the time-varying structural degradation at the design step should be considered.

Dolomite is commonly used in the construction of highway pavement in the world. However, there are still no concrete specifications or regulations on the use of dolomite for highway construction. Dolomite is available in huge quantities in NinhBinh Province. This is a high potential material for grain bases of highway pavement structure. The alternative material could be a considerable contribution to diversify the supply of aggregate resources for highway pavement construction in the province, and thus contribute to the conservation of natural landscape heritages and limestone resources for related building materials manufacturing industries. In order to evaluate the use of dolomite in highway pavement construction, a research program is conducted to test the working capacity of the cement treated dolomite aggregate, which is intended to use as upper base material in pavement structure. The experimental results showed that the mechanical indicators of the mixture satisfy the requirements for the base layers of highway pavement structure.

Nature, human, body is a unity. Nature is the inorganic body. Man has created himself through the direct relationship between body and nature. People use their body for natural transformation to produce wealth, body uses people in creating knowledge. Knowledge is outside man but in body, and wealth is outside body but in man. Knowledge in body manifests as the norm, and wealth in people manifests as money. Standard, money is a popular spiritual need. When people act as common parity for exchange, money, standards are commodities, inversely proportional to each other, but when money, standards are used as common parity, people are goods, people are divided special treatment. The exchange of people, money, and standards made lies and injustice pervasive. Family, religion, state, company appear to eliminate falsehood, how injustice, the spiritual need for truth, fairness is like that. The existence of family, religion, state, company is a popular spiritual need, but it has become a means of making a living of patriarchs, clergy, bureaucrats, businessmen, and educators. The fabrication of making a living injustice deepens. Human science eliminates the lies and injustice between people, it creates and produces wealth to join the defective parts of body in direct relation with nature to make people who fully manifest their nature.

Stock returns are considered as a convolution of two random processes that are the return innovation and volatility innovation. The correlation of these two processes tends to be negative, which is the so-called leverage effect. In this study, we propose a dynamic leverage stochastic volatility (DLSV) model where the correlation structure between the return innovation and the volatility innovation is assumed to follow a generalized autoregressive score (GAS) process. We find that the leverage effect is reinforced in the market downturn period and weakened in the market upturn period.

The goal of this paper is the clarify the relationship between poverty and economic freedom, then draw a conclusion about the role of economic freedom in task of helping people get out of the poverty trap. This paper gives an comprehensive study about poverty, poverty trap, economic freedom and respective measurements of the concepts. In deeper empirical analysis, hypotheses were conducted and tested with collected data to further check the statements of economic freedom and poverty and to make the open thoughts about the mentioned concepts.

Nature, human, body is a unity. Nature is the inorganic body. Man has created himself through the direct relationship between body and nature. People use their body for natural transformation to produce wealth, body uses people in creating knowledge. Knowledge is outside man but in body, and wealth is outside body but in man. Knowledge in body manifests as the norm, and wealth in people manifests as money. Standard, money is a popular spiritual need. When people act as common parity for exchange, money, standards are commodities, inversely proportional to each other, but when money, standards are used as common parity, people are goods, people are divided special treatment. The exchange of people, money, and standards made lies and injustice pervasive. Family, religion, state, company appear to eliminate falsehood, how injustice, the spiritual need for truth, fairness is like that. The existence of family, religion, state, company is a popular spiritual need, but it has become a means of making a living of patriarchs, clergy, bureaucrats, businessmen, and educators. The fabrication of making a living injustice deepens. Human science eliminates the lies and injustice between people, it creates and produces wealth to join the defective parts of body in direct relation with nature to make people who fully manifest their nature.

The goal of this paper is the clarify the relationship between poverty and economic freedom, then draw a conclusion about the role of economic freedom in task of helping people get out of the poverty trap. This paper gives an comprehensive study about poverty, poverty trap, economic freedom and respective measurements of the concepts. In deeper empirical analysis, hypotheses were conducted and tested with collected data to further check the statements of economic freedom and poverty and to make the open thoughts about the mentioned concepts.

Chung Pham Van,1,2,&ast; The Trong Nguyen,2,3,&ast; Sy Tien Bui,2,4 Trong Van Nguyen,2,4 Huyen Thi Thanh Tran,2,5 Dong Trac Pham,6 Long Phi Trieu,7 Manh Dang Nguyen1,2 1Department of Foodborne Infectious Disease, Institute of Clinical Infectious Disease, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Airborne Infectious Disease and Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Clinical Infectious Disease, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Microbiology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Military Medical Department, Ministry of National Defense, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7Department of Microbiology, Military Institute of Preventive Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: The Trong NguyenDepartment of Airborne Infectious Disease and Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Clinical Infectious Disease, 108 Military Central Hospital, No. 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 11610, VietnamTel +84 964666899Email drthe108@gmail.comObjective: Despite strict surveillance, Neisseria meningitidis still causes life-threatening invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The study aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical and subclinical features, and treatment outcomes of IMD among young soldiers of the Vietnam People’s Army.Methods: A prospective, population-based surveillance study was conducted in all Vietnamese military hospitals from January 2014 to June 2021. The presence of Neisseria meningitidis was confirmed by PCR or culture from blood or/and CSF. Epidemiological indices (incidence, serogroups, and distribution of cases by length of service), medical history, clinical and sub-clinical features, and treatment outcomes were documented and analyzed.Results: There were 69 IMD cases (

The goal of this paper is the clarify the relationship between poverty and economic freedom, then draw a conclusion about the role of economic freedom in task of helping people get out of the poverty trap. This paper gives an comprehensive study about poverty, poverty trap, economic freedom and respective measurements of the concepts. In deeper empirical analysis, hypotheses were conducted and tested with collected data to further check the statements of economic freedom and poverty and to make the open thoughts about the mentioned concepts.

Ground improvement with the prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) has become widely employed for soft ground treatment because of its economical and efficient method. While numerous numerical and analytical methods have been derived for PVD however, it is still an extensively high demand for a simpler and more accurate method for design steps. This paper proposes a method for solving the problem of one-dimensional (1D) consolidation with prefabricated vertical drains. The current approach introduces a 1D equivalent permeability, increasing linearly with depth to perform the consolidation of soft ground improved with PVD. The analytical solutions have been carried out and verified by analyses for two cases of one-way drainage and two-way drainage for uniform soil layer. The results show that the error of excess pore pressure determined by the proposed method is less than that obtained by the simpler method of Chai and smaller than 10% compared to the theoretical solution. The paper also compares the analytical solution with the FEM by ABAQUS software. It is found that the excess pore pressures and consolidation degrees obtained by these methods are similar and close to the theory. These confirm that the introduced 1D equivalent permeability can be employed to perform the consolidation of PVD improvement by analytical and FEM methods.

Commercial unmanned aircraft systems continue to increase in applications and diversity; however, mishaps and accidents erode safety, investment return, and efficiency. Most unmanned aircraft accidents are preceded by leading indicators; the ability to forecast and quantify these may provide increased safety and profitability. This mixed-method research study used a non-experimental parallel convergence approach with multiple instruments, multiple-case study n = 22, and one exemplar case design to develop a quantum safety metric program. This study used a combination of previously validated methods as development instruments, including; the HFACS, STAMP, 'Sierra Scale,' and Accident Prevention Effort equations. The study extended the Accident Prevention Effort and Sierra Scale equation to determine quantum safety metrics at the time of an accident, and enable benchmark accident prevention values. This new quantum safety metrics program for small commercial unmanned aircraft operators may be replicated and applied to specific types of operating environments, for predictive and optimal safety performance.

There is an unmet need for skin grafting materials that are readily available for large area wounds, due to complex, lengthy and costly manufacturing processes that are not compatible with this type of wounds. Here we developed an acellular skin graft material based on surface coating of uncrosslinked porous (UCLP) chitosan. UCLP chitosan membranes had mechanical properties in ranges suitable for skin grafting. Polydopamine (PDA) coating improved hydrophilicity and resulted in a significant increase in attachment and metabolic activity of mammalian cells in vitro. PDA coating also decreased the attachment of pseudomonas aeruginosa - a common bacteria infecting skin wounds. Finally, the PDA-coated membranes were implanted in full thickness surgical wounds in a rodent model and resulted in complete would closure in 5 days. The current study suggests that PDA-coated UCLP chitosan membranes could be a simple and effective strategy for the development of grafting materials for large area wounds.

Polymer concrete (PC) is a popular construction material used for repair, thin over-lays for floors and bridge decks, and other specialized fields such as precast components, machine construction. The material has many desirable properties such as fast curing, high compressive and flexural strength, high bonding to substrate, resistance to chemical agents. This study focuses on investigation properties of polymer concrete applying in repairing works of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement of airport by experiments. The research results in both laboratory and field tests showed that the material has advanced properties and meet very well the requirements from practice. This result has been proposed to apply polymer concrete for treatment of surface distresses of Portland cement concrete pavement of airports in Vietnam.

Increased traffic congestion on urban road networks has impacted the travel time for commuters in highly populated urban centers. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is recognized as a system that transports the passenger and air cargo from any location to any destination within a metropolitan area. UAM may offer a solution to the problematic issue of automobile urban surface transportation congestion. However, the predicted significant growth in the demand for integration of UAM operations into the existing airspace system in the next 20 years and beyond may exceed the capacity of current air traffic control (ATC) system resources, particularly the ATC workload. Many organizations in the aviation industry, academia, and government have conducted extensive studies on the issue of UAM airspace integration. Many of these proposed solutions involve high-level frameworks for managing UAM operations. In this paper, the combination of the Dynamic Delegated Corridors (DDCs) and full four-dimensional (4D) Required Navigation Performance (RNP) trajectories are proposed to enable UAM aircraft to integrate into the existing airspace system. Experiments will be conducted to measure and compare the ATC workload before and after the installation of DDCs and 4D RNP trajectories in the terminal control area (TCA) of an airport. The proposed approach in this paper is expected to help reduce the workload of ATC dramatically and contribute to the viability of UAM airspace integration into the existing airspace system to operate at low altitudes in the terminal controlled airspace together with other airspace users safely and efficiently.

With emerging contextual factors and epidemiological transition of HIV/AIDS, the role and contributions of health behavior theories (HBT) are a compelling question after three decades of efforts to eradicate HIV. This study aims at exploring the global and historical evolution of literature and suggesting the most frequent research topics and research gaps in relation to the use of HBT in HIV/AIDS. A cross-sectional analysis of global HIV/AIDS bibliography was conducted through Web of Science (WoS) up to December 31, 2017. We utilized exploratory factor analysis to test the likelihood of research domains and landscape from the abstracts. A total of 29,997 papers in 153 HIV-related research areas were retrieved from the WoS database. This study suggests that HIV/AIDS research based on HBTs is increasing, and mainly focuses on elucidating traditional HIV driven factors and consonant with western perspectives most HBTs tend to be individually focused. Despite its important advancement, more research based on HBTs is essential to provide cultural background, social value, and contextualized factors where the HIV pandemic is dynamic; where new cases are transmitted from high-risk subgroups to the general population; and where epidemiological, social, and behavioral transitions change new infection routes, new perspectives for health service delivery especially non-medical services, and resource allocation.

This study focuses on a stochastic inventory control problem of the order-up-to-level periodic review system. The inventory status is tracked every regularly fixed period and replaces an order to raise the inventory level up to a predefined point. Unsatisfied customers’ demand is considered as totally lost. Warehouse’s capacity is also taken into account, while excessive units are stored in a rented warehouse. The replenishment lead time is considered as discrete and stochastic. To study this stochastic inventory problem, where demand is modeled using an empirical distribution, a Markovian approach is proposed to handle uncertainties. By using this Markov Chain, accurate approximations of system measures of performance, i.e., the expected inventory on-hand, expected shortage, and expected over-storage amounts can be obtained. The optimal solution for the Markov model is obtained by using a customized Golden Section Search procedure. The algorithm is applied to a real capsule-type medicine item to determine the optimal review period and target level. Then, the effectiveness of the Markov approach is demonstrated through the comparison between our proposed model and the simulation. As a result, the Markov model can describe the behavior of the order-up-to-level periodic review system.

This study is a part of the outcomes of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology’s project on “Establishing the evaluation method and the process of transferring values of natural resources into the national account system in Vietnam (Climate Change code 14/16-20). The overall objectives of the study are: re-systemizing the classical and modern theories as well as identifying the factors affecting the land values in Vietnam; developing procedures and methods of mapping suitable land value areas in order to support the Government in policy making and regulating land use rights market in Vietnam. The results have classified three groups of factors that have impacts on land values in Vietnam. In particular, based on the successful test results in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, the research team discussed issues relating to land management institutions, issues of prices, land values in the context of applying the universal ownership regime to land and developing a socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam. These results show that “the use of value theory and the development of land value maps helps the Government effectively manage and regulate land use rights market in Vietnam.

This study focuses on a stochastic inventory control problem of the order-up-to-level periodic review system. The inventory status is tracked every regularly fixed period and replaces an order to raise the inventory level up to a predefined point. Unsatisfied customers’ demand is considered as totally lost. Warehouse’s capacity is also taken into account, while excessive units are stored in a rented warehouse. The replenishment lead time is considered as discrete and stochastic. To study this stochastic inventory problem, where demand is modeled using an empirical distribution, a Markovian approach is proposed to handle uncertainties. By using this Markov Chain, accurate approximations of system measures of performance, i.e., the expected inventory on-hand, expected shortage, and expected over-storage amounts can be obtained. The optimal solution for the Markov model is obtained by using a customized Golden Section Search procedure. The algorithm is applied to a real capsule-type medicine item to determine the optimal review period and target level. Then, the effectiveness of the Markov approach is demonstrated through the comparison between our proposed model and the simulation. As a result, the Markov model can describe the behavior of the order-up-to-level periodic review system.

This study focuses on a stochastic inventory control problem of the order-up-to-level periodic review system. The inventory status is tracked every regularly fixed period and replaces an order to raise the inventory level up to a predefined point. Unsatisfied customers’ demand is considered as totally lost. Warehouse’s capacity is also taken into account, while excessive units are stored in a rented warehouse. The replenishment lead time is considered as discrete and stochastic. To study this stochastic inventory problem, where demand is modeled using an empirical distribution, a Markovian approach is proposed to handle uncertainties. By using this Markov Chain, accurate approximations of system measures of performance, i.e., the expected inventory on-hand, expected shortage, and expected over-storage amounts can be obtained. The optimal solution for the Markov model is obtained by using a customized Golden Section Search procedure. The algorithm is applied to a real capsule-type medicine item to determine the optimal review period and target level. Then, the effectiveness of the Markov approach is demonstrated through the comparison between our proposed model and the simulation. As a result, the Markov model can describe the behavior of the order-up-to-level periodic review system.