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Tabanidae Latreille are hematophagous and act as mechanical and biological vectors of several pathogens, and therefore they have been widely studied in both ecology and public health, as well as in taxonomy works. Males are nectarivorous and rarely captured, so for most species they remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to describe/redescribe the males of five species: Esenbeckia osornoi Fairchild, 1942, Acanthocera marginalis Walker, 1854, Dicladocera mutata Fairchild, 1958, Stypommisa aripuana Fairchild & Wilkerson, 1986, and Tabanus mucronatus Fairchild, 1961. Three males are described for the first time and two others are redescribed, we also provide a complete description of the species, including photographs of habitus, head and genitalia.

Conventional, intensively managed coffee monocultures are environmentally damaging. The use of shade trees and organic management are welcome options to reduce coffee physiological stress, reduce synthetic inputs and restore soil biological balance. However, whether the effects of shade trees on soil functioning would be similar for different coffee management practices should be investigated. Here, we measured soil total C and N, inorganic N, Olsen P, pH, biomass produced in bioassay, nematode and microarthropod communities under three shade types (unshaded coffee, shaded with Terminalia amazonia, and shaded with Erythrina poepiggiana) combined with two management practices (organic and conventional) in a 17- year old experimental coffee plantation in Turrialba (Costa Rica). Under conventional management, soil nutrient availability and fauna densities were higher under shade, regardless of the shade tree species (Fig 1). Under organic management, only Erythrina, a heavily pruned, N2-fixing species, had increased soil nutrient availability and fauna density, while Terminalia shade had a null or negative impact. Soil N availability was linked to bacteria-feeding nematodes while soil P availability was more linked to detritivorous microarthropods. Higher fertility was recorded in soil with balanced foodwebs. This study highlights the importance of the choice of shade tree species for soil fertility in low input systems, more so than in fertilized systems.

Conventional, intensively managed coffee monocultures are environmentally damaging. The use of shade trees and organic management are welcome options to reduce coffee physiological stress, reduce synthetic inputs and restore soil biological balance. However, whether the effects of shade trees on soil functioning would be similar for different coffee management practices should be investigated. Here, we measured soil total C and N, inorganic N, Olsen P, pH, biomass produced in bioassay, nematode and microarthropod communities under three shade types (unshaded coffee, shaded with Terminalia amazonia, and shaded with Erythrina poepiggiana) combined with two management practices (organic and conventional) in a 17- year old experimental coffee plantation in Turrialba (Costa Rica). Under conventional management, soil nutrient availability and fauna densities were higher under shade, regardless of the shade tree species (Fig 1). Under organic management, only Erythrina, a heavily pruned, N2-fixing species, had increased soil nutrient availability and fauna density, while Terminalia shade had a null or negative impact. Soil N availability was linked to bacteria-feeding nematodes while soil P availability was more linked to detritivorous microarthropods. Higher fertility was recorded in soil with balanced foodwebs. This study highlights the importance of the choice of shade tree species for soil fertility in low input systems, more so than in fertilized systems.

Aim of the study: The aim of this work was to isolate consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to Liquidambar styraciflua in soils of the Santa Marta Mountain in Veracruz, and to select highly effective mycorrhizal consortia on promoting the growth of four tree forest species with economic and ecological importance.Area of study: Santa Marta Mountain, inside the buffer area of the Los Tuxtlas Biological Reserve in Veracruz (México).Materials and methods: Ten composite samples of rhizosphere soil were collected from L. styraciflua trees of 13-15 cm DBH (diameter at breast height). Roots were fixed in FAA solution to determine the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, the abundance of morphospecies, and its effectiveness in promoting the growth of L. styraciflua, Terminalia amazonia, Cordia alliodora, and Cojoba arborea. Soil physical and chemical characteristics were also analysed, and soil type recognition was performed with the Reference Base for Soil FAO-ISRIC World-SICS. Mycorrhizal colonization was determined by the method of clearing and staining roots with trypan blue; total percentage of colonization was estimated by the Linderman-Biermann method. Spores were extracted for counting and identifying morphospecies from each soil sample, those with more effectiveness were selected and inoculated in the four tree species, based upon a completely random design there were evaluated height, number of leaves, total dry weight and foliar area.Main results: Average mycorrhizal colonization percentage was 45% from natural conditions, samples one and four showed 80% of AMF-colonization. Average number of spores was 617 in 100 g-1 of dry soil. Forty-seven AMF-morphospecies were identified. After eight months significant differences were observed in root colonization, height, number of leaves, total dry weight, leaf area and foliar analysis of N5+, P5+ and K+ on plants inoculated with rhizosphere samples of L. styraciflua. Terminalia amazonia and Cojoba arb

Aim of the study: The aim of this work was to isolate consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to Liquidambar styraciflua in soils of the Santa Marta Mountain in Veracruz, and to select highly effective mycorrhizal consortia on promoting the growth of four tree forest species with economic and ecological importance.Area of study: Santa Marta Mountain, inside the buffer area of the Los Tuxtlas Biological Reserve in Veracruz (México).Materials and methods: Ten composite samples of rhizosphere soil were collected from L. styraciflua trees of 13-15 cm DBH (diameter at breast height). Roots were fixed in FAA solution to determine the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, the abundance of morphospecies, and its effectiveness in promoting the growth of L. styraciflua, Terminalia amazonia, Cordia alliodora, and Cojoba arborea. Soil physical and chemical characteristics were also analysed, and soil type recognition was performed with the Reference Base for Soil FAO-ISRIC World-SICS. Mycorrhizal colonization was determined by the method of clearing and staining roots with trypan blue; total percentage of colonization was estimated by the Linderman-Biermann method. Spores were extracted for counting and identifying morphospecies from each soil sample, those with more effectiveness were selected and inoculated in the four tree species, based upon a completely random design there were evaluated height, number of leaves, total dry weight and foliar area.Main results: Average mycorrhizal colonization percentage was 45% from natural conditions, samples one and four showed 80% of AMF-colonization. Average number of spores was 617 in 100 g-1 of dry soil. Forty-seven AMF-morphospecies were identified. After eight months significant differences were observed in root colonization, height, number of leaves, total dry weight, leaf area and foliar analysis of N5+, P5+ and K+ on plants inoculated with rhizosphere samples of L. styraciflua. Terminalia amazonia and Cojoba arb

Until 1935, tracts of virgin forest could still be seen when travelling along the roads of Côte d'Ivoire. Since then, with the un¬bridled expansion of coffee and rain-fed rice crops, runaway forest clearing has been the rule. Farmers fleeing the depre¬dations of the agouti, or of parasitic fam¬ily members, move away to clear more distant forests. By 1957, an expedition was needed to search for primary forests. A new road would destroy a forest within ten years, and loggers would only come through once. With the disappearance of Africa's dense humid forests, the dry sea¬son in its Sudano-Sahelian regions has grown longer. It is also important to map the areas of primary forest before they disappear altogether. The study presented here aimed to classify the vegetation of Côte d'Ivoire's forests on the basis of 12 transects in dense humid forests, since the phytosociological approach is not robust enough to produce such an analysis. Two groups characterised by specific botani¬cal families were identified: “dense humid semi-deciduous forests with Malvaceae and Ulmaceae”, and “dense humid forests with evergreen leguminous species”. How¬ever, some species with high dispersal po-tential, which are abundant in secondary forests, especially Triplochiton and Termi¬nalia, do not fit into this classification. The fact that the areas of distribution of cer¬tain species are discontinuous may be ac¬counted for by seed dispersal, but also by the palaeohistory of the flora and climate. Similarly, the ecological area concept can¬not be applied to rare or locally endemic species. This study also discusses sev¬eral indigenous invasive species, such as Scaphopetalum amoemum and Chidlowia sanguinea, whose growth prevents forest regeneration. Finally, it discusses the pres¬ence within humid forests of patches of sa¬vannah, which are always of edaphic and not anthropic origin. Abstract adapted by the editorial team.

Until 1935, tracts of virgin forest could still be seen when travelling along the roads of Côte d'Ivoire. Since then, with the un¬bridled expansion of coffee and rain-fed rice crops, runaway forest clearing has been the rule. Farmers fleeing the depre¬dations of the agouti, or of parasitic fam¬ily members, move away to clear more distant forests. By 1957, an expedition was needed to search for primary forests. A new road would destroy a forest within ten years, and loggers would only come through once. With the disappearance of Africa's dense humid forests, the dry sea¬son in its Sudano-Sahelian regions has grown longer. It is also important to map the areas of primary forest before they disappear altogether. The study presented here aimed to classify the vegetation of Côte d'Ivoire's forests on the basis of 12 transects in dense humid forests, since the phytosociological approach is not robust enough to produce such an analysis. Two groups characterised by specific botani¬cal families were identified: “dense humid semi-deciduous forests with Malvaceae and Ulmaceae”, and “dense humid forests with evergreen leguminous species”. How¬ever, some species with high dispersal po-tential, which are abundant in secondary forests, especially Triplochiton and Termi¬nalia, do not fit into this classification. The fact that the areas of distribution of cer¬tain species are discontinuous may be ac¬counted for by seed dispersal, but also by the palaeohistory of the flora and climate. Similarly, the ecological area concept can¬not be applied to rare or locally endemic species. This study also discusses sev¬eral indigenous invasive species, such as Scaphopetalum amoemum and Chidlowia sanguinea, whose growth prevents forest regeneration. Finally, it discusses the pres¬ence within humid forests of patches of sa¬vannah, which are always of edaphic and not anthropic origin. Abstract adapted by the editorial team.

Mikrobien vastustuskyky perinteisesti käytetyille lääkkeille on lisääntynyt ja resistenssistä on muodostunut maailmanlaajuinen ongelma. Kasvien sisältämillä yhdisteillä voi olla täysin uudenlaisia vaikutusmekanismeja, joilla resistenssiongelmaa voitaisiin vähentää. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia kolmen Afrikkalaisen Combretaceae-heimoon kuuluvan kasvin, Terminalia kaiserana, Terminalia sambesiaca ja Combretum psidioides, antimikrobisia ominaisuuksia, sekä selvittää tarkemmin, mikä tai mitkä fraktiot ja yhdisteet vastaavat mahdollisesta antimikrobisesta tehosta. Kaikkia kolmea kasvia käytetään antimikrobilääkkeenä Afrikkalaisessa kansanlääkinnässä, mutta tarkempia tutkimuksia niiden antimikrobisesta tehosta tai niiden sisältämistä yhdisteistä on tehty vain vähän tai ei lainkaan. Kuivatulle kasvimateriaalille tehtiin raakauutto metanolilla ja neste-neste-uutto kloroformilla, butanolilla ja vedellä. Fraktioiden koostumusta tutkittiin RP-18 ohutlevykromatografialla. Uuttofraktioiden antimikrobista tehoa tutkittiin agardiffuusiomenetelmällä gram-positiivista Staphylococcus aureus ja gram-negatiivista Pseudomonas aeruginosa -bakteeria vastaan. Tehokkaimmaksi molempia bakteereita vastaan osoittautui T. sambesiaca -lajin juuren vesiliukoinen fraktio. Mikrodiluutiomenetelmällä tutkittiin, mitkä ovat uuttofraktioiden pienimmät bakteerien kasvua estävät pitoisuudet (MIC-arvot). Mikrodiluutiokokeet tehtiin S. aureus ja P. aeruginosa -bakteerien lisäksi myös Mycobacterium smegmatis bakteerille. Tälle bakteerille käytettiin modifioitua menetelmää, jossa solumäärä kokeen alussa oli pienempi kuin toisille bakteereille. Pienimmät MIC-arvot S. aureus -bakteerille antoi C. psidioides -lajin varren kuoren raakauute ja vesiliukoinen fraktio ja P. aeruginosa -bakteerille saman kasvin butanolifraktio. S. aureus ja P. aeruginosa -bakteereita vastaan saadut tulokset tutkittujen fraktioiden antimikrobisesta tehosta ovat merkittäviä. Mykobakteerin osalta tarvitaan vielä lisää tutkimuksia, The increasing microbial resistance against conventionally used antibiotics has become a worldwide problem. Plant derived compounds may have different mechanisms of action, which might reduce the resistance problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of three African medicinal plants, Terminalia kaiserana, Terminalia sambesiaca and Combretum psidioides, belonging to the family Combretaceae. All three plant species are used for treatment of bacterial and fungal infections in African traditional medicine, but there is limited, or in the case of Terminalia kaiserana, no research on the chemical composition of these plants. Dried plant material was extracted with methanol and solvent-partition extraction was performed using chloroform, butanol and water. Chemical compositions of the fractions was examined using RP-18 thin layer chromatography. The fractions were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an agar diffusion method. The most effective fraction against both bacteria was the water soluble fraction of the root bark of T. sambesiaca. A microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This method was used for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and in addition for Mycobacterium smegmatis. The method was modified for M. smegmatis to contain a smaller inoculum size in the beginning of the experiment than for the two other bacteria. The lowest MIC-values against S. aureus were given by the crude extract and water soluble fraction of the stem bark of C. psidioides and by the butanol fraction of the same plant against P. aeruginosa. The results on the antibacterial effects of the screened extracts were notable and significant. The antimicrobial activity against M. smegmatis was not as obvious as for the other tested bacteria but the choloroform fraction of the root bark of T. kaiserana and the butanol fraction of the stem bark o

A new subgenus, Exallomyia, of the genus Wyeomyia is established for three species previously included in the subgenera Davismyia and Dendromyia, and in the genus and nominate subgenus Sabethes. The terminalia of the holotype males of the three species, the midlegs of the males of two species, and the larvae and pupae of two species are illustrated., Published in Mosquito Systematics, v23 n2 p92-109, November 1991.

Aedes (Stegomyia) hoogstraali Knight and Rozeboom and Ae. (Stg.) impatibilis (Walker) are 2 distinct species. Characters for separating impatibilis from hoogstraali are given. Male terminalia, female, female terminalia and pupa of impatibilis and female terminalia of hoogstraali are described and illustrated. The range of Ae. impatibilis is extended to include the Philippines. This paper has been prepared to clarify the identity of 2 species in the albolineatus group of species in the subgenus Stegomyia Theobald, genus Aedes Meigen., Pub. in Mosquito Systematics, v10 n2, p197-210, 1978

This revision of the subgenus Pseudoficalbia Theobald, genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga of Southeast Asia deals with 42 species. The taxonomic treatment of the subgenus includes a revised morphological description, followed by a review of the distribution, taxonomic discussion, internal classification and bionomics. Treatment of individual species follows essentially the same format. A new internal classification with separate discussions and descriptions of 5 groups is presented. The 5 groups, with world mosquito faunal regions as defined by Belkin (1962), are as follows: harrisoni series (Indomalayan), bicolor series (Ethiopian, Indomalayan, Malagasy, North Australian, Oriental, Papuan and South Pacific), bimaculata series (Indomalayan, Oriental and Palaearctic), maxima series (Indomalayan, Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic), recondita series (Indomalayan, North Australian, Oriental and Papuan). Where known, extralimital species are assigned to the groups defined for Southeast Asia. Of the 42 species treated, 13 are described as new and 29 are revalidated and redescribed. The 13 new species are: abdita (Cambodia and Thailand), abstrusa (Philippines), albipes (Thailand), approximata (Thailand), confusa (Philippines and Sulawesi, Indonesia), enigmatica (Thailand), harrisoni (Mindoro Island, Philippines and Sabah, Malaysia), moufiedi (Sabah, Malaysia), nocticola (Thailand), patriciae (Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand), propinqua (Malaysia), quasimodesta (Sabah, Malaysia) and reinerti (Sabah, Malaysia). Seventy-six full-page plates of illustrations are provided of the following: adult habitus parts (16 species), pupa (35 species), larva (37 species) and male terminalia (40 species). A majority of these are presented here for the first time. Keys to the adults, pupae and fourth stage larvae of Southeast Asian species are provided. New synonyms proposed here are: kalabahensis Haga and lagunensis Baisas (=bicolor Leicester)., Published in Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, v14 n3 p1-273, 1977.

The edwardsi group and the w-albus group of the subgenus Stegomyia Theobald, genus Aedes Meigen, are characterized. The diagnostic characters for distinguishing these groups from other Stegomyia are given. Keys to the identification of the species are provided. Information on the present status of the edwardsi group of species and the w-albus group of species are summarized in appendices A and B. The w-albus group is divided further into new subgroups. Four subgroups (annandalei, desmotes, mediopunctatus and w-albus) are recognized and defined, and their relationships are discussed. Aedes horishensis Yamada is regarded as a variety of annandalei Theobald, perplexus Leicester is elevated to specific status, submediopunctatus Barraud, sureilensis Barraud and mediopunctatus var. perplexus Knight and Hull are shown to be synonyms of mediopunctatus Theobald, minutissima Theobald and indosinensis Borel are recognized as synonyms of imitator Leicester and imitator Leicester is treated as a subspecies of gardnerii Ludlow. All the known stages of the 11 Southeast Asian species and subspecies, 2 of which species are in the edwardsi group and 9 species and subspecies in the w-albus group, are redescribed and illustrated. Information on type-data, distribution, biology and a taxonomic discussion of all 11 species and subspecies are presented. The female and larva of craggi, the pupae of 3 species (craggi, mediopunctatus and gardnerii), and the female terminalia of 8 species (edwardsi, annandalei, craggi, desmotes, mediopunctatus, perplexus, gardnerii and w-albus) are described and illustrated for the first time. The female terminalia of gardnerii imitator are described for the first time. New records of 4 species and subspecies are: craggi from Thailand, g. gardnerii from Sabah, w-albus from Thailand and Vietnam, and gardnerii imitator from Hong Kong and Cambodia., Published in Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, v14 n1 p1-132, 1977.

This revision of the Aedes scutellaris group of Tonga is based on the examination of more than 9,000 specimens (including 1,866 individual rearings with associated pupal and/or larval skins) of 3 species and one subspecies. The group is defined and keys to the identification of the species of the group in the Fiji-Tonga-Samoa area are provided and their geographical ranges presented. Aedes (Stegomyia) kesseli, a new species from Tafahi Island, is recognized. Aedes cooki Belkin (1962) is shown to be distinct and Ae. tabu Ramalingam and Belkin (1965) is considered a subspecies of tongae Edwards(1926). The known stages of the 3 species and one subspecies in Tonga are described or redescribed and illustrated and information on type-data, distribution, bionomics, medical importance and a taxonomic discussion of all 4 species and subspecies are presented. The male, female, pupa and larva of kesseli n. sp. , the pupa and larva of tongae tongae, and the male, female and female terminalia of cooki, tongae tabu and tongae tongae are described and illustrated for the first time. New records include: cooki from Niuafo'ou Island and Vava'u Group, kesseli from Tafahi Island and Niuatoputapu, tongue tabu from Pangaimotu Island, in Tongatapu Group, and tongae tongue from Lifuka Island, Luahoko Island, Ha'ano Island, Foa Island, Limu Island, Luangahu Island, Nukunamo Island, Tatafa Island, Tofanga Island, Uanukuhahake Island, Uanukuhihifo Island, Uiha Island, and Uoleva Island, in the Ha'apai Group. Information is presented on the bionomics and medical importance of the above species and subspecies based on field studies conducted by James C. Hitchcock in Tonga from 1968-73. Special emphasis is placed upon immature habitats, relative abundance of each member of the group, composition of associated invertebrate fauna, biting behavior, fecundity and gonotropic cycle. The role of the scutellaris group in the transmission of filariasis and dengue viruses in Tonga is discussed., Published in Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, v17 n3 p1-107, 1980.

Examination of syntypes of Aedes chemulpoensis Yamada confirms its assignment to the aegypti group of species. A full description of the lectotype male is given., Published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v76 n2 p208-211, June 1974.

Seven new species of the genera Drosophila and Hirtodrosophila from the tropical andcloud forests of the Podocarpus National Park, province of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador, aredescribed and illustrated: The species are: Drosophila cajanuma sp. nov., D. kasha sp. nov., D. podocarpussp. nov., D. wachi sp. nov., Hirtodrosophila lojana sp. nov. and H. villonacu sp. nov. The flies were capturedusing plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast., Seis especies nuevas de los géneros Drosophila e Hirtodrosophila provenientes de losbosques tropicales y nublados del Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Provincia de Loja y Zamora Chinchipe,Ecuador, son descritas e ilustradas. Estas especies son: Drosophila cajanuma sp. nov., D. kasha sp. nov.,D. podocarpus sp. nov., D. wachi sp. nov., Hirtodrosophila lojana sp. nov. e Hirtodrosophila villonacu sp.nov. Para las capturas de los drosophilideos se utilizaron trampas con cebo de banano y levadura.

Seven new species of the genera Drosophila and Hirtodrosophila from the tropical andcloud forests of the Podocarpus National Park, province of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador, aredescribed and illustrated: The species are: Drosophila cajanuma sp. nov., D. kasha sp. nov., D. podocarpussp. nov., D. wachi sp. nov., Hirtodrosophila lojana sp. nov. and H. villonacu sp. nov. The flies were capturedusing plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast., Seis especies nuevas de los géneros Drosophila e Hirtodrosophila provenientes de losbosques tropicales y nublados del Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Provincia de Loja y Zamora Chinchipe,Ecuador, son descritas e ilustradas. Estas especies son: Drosophila cajanuma sp. nov., D. kasha sp. nov.,D. podocarpus sp. nov., D. wachi sp. nov., Hirtodrosophila lojana sp. nov. e Hirtodrosophila villonacu sp.nov. Para las capturas de los drosophilideos se utilizaron trampas con cebo de banano y levadura.

This paper presents techniques that allow careful study of terminalia, indicates the range of development of the proctiger lobes in Uranotaeniu, and considers their possible phylogenetic significance. It is hoped others will be stimulated to investigate the proctiger development of additional species of Uranotaenia and allied genera. Further study of the variation in the form of the basotergal lobes of the proctiger with speciation will, we feel certain, increase our understanding of the phylogeny within the genus and with other genera. The experiences gained from the present study indicate the need to emphasize the absolute necessity of dissecting the terminalia of Uranotaenia, for an accurate interpretation of all the structures. Whole mounts are totally inadequate and should be made only after an adequate series of dissections has been prepared. In view of the obvious value, we present a detailed discussion of techniques we have found satisfactory for the preparation and dissection of the terminalia of Uranotaenia., Published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v70 n4 p376-382, Dec 1968.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192157%5DMICH-V-1192157, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192157/MICH-V-1192157/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1007081%5DMICH-V-1007081A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1007081/MICH-V-1007081A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508284%5DMICH-V-1508284, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508284/MICH-V-1508284/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508288%5DMICH-V-1508288, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508288/MICH-V-1508288/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508283%5DMICH-V-1508283, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508283/MICH-V-1508283/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508294%5DMICH-V-1508294, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508294/MICH-V-1508294/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508291%5DMICH-V-1508291, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508291/MICH-V-1508291/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508286%5DMICH-V-1508286, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508286/MICH-V-1508286/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508287%5DMICH-V-1508287, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508287/MICH-V-1508287/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508293%5DMICH-V-1508293, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508293/MICH-V-1508293/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508292%5DMICH-V-1508292, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508292/MICH-V-1508292/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508285%5DMICH-V-1508285, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508285/MICH-V-1508285/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508282%5DMICH-V-1508282, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508282/MICH-V-1508282/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508289%5DMICH-V-1508289, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508289/MICH-V-1508289/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1508290%5DMICH-V-1508290, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1508290/MICH-V-1508290/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002755%5DMICH-V-1002755A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002755/MICH-V-1002755A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002753%5DMICH-V-1002753A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002753/MICH-V-1002753A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002755%5DMICH-V-1002755B, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002755/MICH-V-1002755B/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002752%5DMICH-V-1002752A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002752/MICH-V-1002752A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002752%5DMICH-V-1002752B, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002752/MICH-V-1002752B/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002751%5DMICH-V-1002751B, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002751/MICH-V-1002751B/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002756%5DMICH-V-1002756A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002756/MICH-V-1002756A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002753%5DMICH-V-1002753B, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002753/MICH-V-1002753B/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002756%5DMICH-V-1002756B, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002756/MICH-V-1002756B/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1002751%5DMICH-V-1002751A, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1002751/MICH-V-1002751A/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy