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Purpose: The presente study aims to explore the existingbibliography on visual skills and visual movements in tennisplayers.Method: We searched the Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMedand Google Scholar databases, which allowed us to select 37empirical studies carried out with a quantitative method.The choice of the studies responded to the criteriaestablished around the Keywords, the subject of the studyand the research methodology.Results: The results are organized into three central topics:(a) Antecedents of visual skills in the 20th century, (b) 21stcentury: Role of saccadic movements, and (c) Reflections onthe tennis feat and saccadic movements.Conclusions: Throughout several decades of researchand monitoring of the “vision and sport” approach infield tennis, specifically in the visual movements betweenfixations and saccadic movements, differential levels oftennis performance can be identified with the potential tobe indicators of better sports performance. Given that thetools used so far in this discipline for the selection and/orevaluation processes are not determinant, due to being amultifactorial sport discipline of perceptual-motor order andopen skills, it is suggested that visual skills may be essentialfor the acquisition of a high competitive level. This aspectraises an interesting line of research that deserves furtherexploration in the future., Propósito: O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar aliteratura existente sobre habilidades e movimentos visuaisem jogadores de tênis.Metodologia: Pesquisamos os bancos de dados Scopus,SPORTDiscus, PubMed e Google Scholar, o que nos permitiuselecionar 37 estudos empíricos realizados com um métodoquantitativo. A escolha dos estudos atendeu aos critériosestabelecidos em torno das palavras-chave, do tema doestudo e da metodologia da pesquisa.Resultados: Os resultados estão organizados em três tópicoscentrais: (a) Precedentes das habilidades visuais no século XX,(b) Século XXI: Papel dos movimentos sacádicos (c) Reflexõessobre a proeza do tênis e os movimentos sacádicos.Conclusões: Ao longo de várias décadas de pesquisa emonitoramento da abordagem “visão e esporte” no tênisde campo, especificamente nos movimentos visuais entrefixações e movimentos sacádicos, podem ser identificadosníveis diferenciais de desempenho no tênis com potencialpara serem indicadores de melhores desempenhosesportivos. Considerando que as ferramentas utilizadas atéo momento nessa modalidade para os processos de seleçãoe/ou avaliação não são determinantes, devido ao fato de seruma modalidade esportiva multifatorial de ordem perceptivomotora e de habilidades abertas, sugere-se que as habilidadesvisuais podem ser essenciais para a aquisição de um altonível competitivo. Esse aspecto levanta uma linha de pesquisainteressante que merece ser mais explorada no futuro., Propósito: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la bibliografía existente sobre las habilidades y movimientos visuales en jugadores de tenis.Metodología: Se indagó en las bases de datos Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed y Google Scholar que permitieronseleccionar 37 estudios empíricos realizados con un método cuantitativo. La elección de los estudios respondió a loscriterios establecidos en torno a las palabras clave, temática del estudio y la metodología de investigación.Resultados: Los resultados se organizan en tres tópicos centrales: (a) Antecedentes de habilidades visuales en el sigloXX, (b) Siglo XXI: rol de los movimientos sacádicos y (c) Reflexiones sobre la gesta tenística y los movimientos sacádicos.Conclusiones: A lo largo de varias décadas de investigación y seguimiento al enfoque “visión y deporte” en el tenis decampo, específicamente en los movimientos visuales entre fijaciones y movimientos sacádicos, se pueden identificarniveles diferenciales de rendimiento tenístico con el potencial de ser indicadores de mejores desempeños deportivos.Dado que las herramientas utilizadas hasta ahora en esta disciplina para los procesos de selección o evaluación no sondeterminantes, debido a ser una disciplina deportiva multifactorial de orden perceptivo-motor y de habilidades abiertas, se sugiere que las habilidades visuales pueden ser indispensables para la adquisición de un alto nivel competitivo.Este aspecto plantea una línea de investigación interesante que merece una mayor exploración en el futuro

Data Availability Statement: https://github.com/mariapalau/tennis-retirements. © 2024 Palau et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited., The demands of professional tennis, including physical and psychological aspects, contribute to the frequency of retirements at elite levels of the sport. The aim of this study was to analyze epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with retirements in previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. This study focused on previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments. The ATP database encompassed 584,806 matches, while the WTA database included 267,380 matches. To assess retirements, potential risk factors such as playing surface, tournament category, match round, and player age were analyzed. Incidence rates were calculated for the period between 1978–2019 for men and 1994–2018 for women. The overall incidence rate was 1.56 (95%CI: 1.54, 1.59) and 1.36 (95%CI: 1.33, 1.39) retirements per 1000 games played in male and female competitions, respectively. Retirements increased over the years. Higher incidence rates were observed on hard (1.59 [95%CI: 1.56, 1.63] and 1.39 [95%CI: 1.34, 1.44]) and clay (1.60 [95%CI: 1.57, 1.63] and 1.36 [95%CI: 1.32, 1.41]) compared to grass courts (0.79 [95%CI: 0.65, 0.94] and 1.06 [95%CI: 0.88, 1.27]). Risk factors differed by gender, with tournament category significant in males (IRR: 1.23 [95%CI: 1.19, 1.28] in ITF vs ATP) and match round in females (IRR: 0.92 [95%CI: 0.88, 0.98] in preliminary vs final). This study provides valuable insights for coaches, players, support teams, and epidemiologists regarding retirements and associated risk factors in previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments, contributing to injury prevention strategies., This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) (PID2019- 104830RB-I00) and the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) [2021 SGR 01421 (GRBIO)]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) We're playing back some of our favorite interviews from the year, and today, it's JOHN MCENROE [MAC-en-ROW], one of the most talented and volatile tennis players ever. He won 158 combined titles – that's singles and doubles – more than any man in the game's modern era. And he's won 25 singles titles on the Champion's Tour, the circuit for those who've retired from the mainstream tour. He's the subject of a new documentary. He'll tell us about playing Jimmy Connors at Wimbledon as a high school senior, about his outbursts at umpires, and his relationship with Bjorn Borg. He'll also talk about his two marriages, and doing voice-over work on the hit Netflix series, 'Never Have I Ever.' (THIS INTERVIEW ORIGINALLY AIRED SEPT. 6, 2022) (THIS INTERVIEW IS BY DAVE DAVIES.) (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES THROUGH THE SECOND HALF)

Introduction The study is based on tennis and its connection to sport psychology. Matches are often five hourslong, against opponents who possess the same tennis skills as oneself. Mental toughness cantherefore be the deciding factor, especially over time. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate whether mental toughness is a decisive factor in criticalmoments in tennis at the elite level, and to form a deeper understanding of the impact that mentaltoughness has in tennis by means of qualitative interviews with world-class Swedish coaches. Method Qualitative interviews were implemented to gather relevant answers to the study's researchquestion. Thematic analysis was conducted for each interview where we researchers processed theentire transcription and then looked for meaningful patterns and themes given the data that theresearchers had obtained. Results The researchers divided the interview results within different sections where each section belongedto individual interview results, these are Mental toughness and self-confidence, Coaches' views onthe critical moments of tennis, Handling in critical moments and Mental toughness as an area fordevelopment. The results presented in this study are linked to the themes associated with theinterview guide, which in turn are designed to answer the research questions.DiscussionThe same subheadings were used as in the result section. The discussion combined the results fromthe interviews with the sources that were found which helped answer the research questions. Theresult indicates that the coaches believed the best tennis players in the world are mainly the bestbecause of their mental toughness. That mental toughness is needed to handle critical moments intennis and that it can be trained, Hamed Dares är student på tränarprogrammet.Patrik Eriksson är student på ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott.

Introduction The study is based on tennis and its connection to sport psychology. Matches are often five hourslong, against opponents who possess the same tennis skills as oneself. Mental toughness cantherefore be the deciding factor, especially over time. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate whether mental toughness is a decisive factor in criticalmoments in tennis at the elite level, and to form a deeper understanding of the impact that mentaltoughness has in tennis by means of qualitative interviews with world-class Swedish coaches. Method Qualitative interviews were implemented to gather relevant answers to the study's researchquestion. Thematic analysis was conducted for each interview where we researchers processed theentire transcription and then looked for meaningful patterns and themes given the data that theresearchers had obtained. Results The researchers divided the interview results within different sections where each section belongedto individual interview results, these are Mental toughness and self-confidence, Coaches' views onthe critical moments of tennis, Handling in critical moments and Mental toughness as an area fordevelopment. The results presented in this study are linked to the themes associated with theinterview guide, which in turn are designed to answer the research questions.DiscussionThe same subheadings were used as in the result section. The discussion combined the results fromthe interviews with the sources that were found which helped answer the research questions. Theresult indicates that the coaches believed the best tennis players in the world are mainly the bestbecause of their mental toughness. That mental toughness is needed to handle critical moments intennis and that it can be trained, Hamed Dares är student på tränarprogrammet.Patrik Eriksson är student på ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott.

This single-case study examines the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in the context of Swedish tennis club. Through semi-structured interviews with tennis club members, the research aims to understand how social media practices impact tennis players’ physical behaviours. The study draws on theoretical frameworks that highlight social media’s influence on both the production and consumption of content, which can shape tennis players’ physical behaviours. The findings reveal that social media practices affect tennis players’ physical behaviours. Firstly, these practices can lead to changes in coaching approaches as coaches adapt their strategies and techniques based on social media trends and feedback. Tennis players may develop new habits influenced by what they observe and engage with on social media platforms. Additionally, social media practices can impact tennis players’ societal position, influencing their interactions with others and potentially affecting their social dynamics within the sports community. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of considering social media practices beyond online engagement and their impact on physical behaviours. The findings provide valuable insights for sports organizations aiming to develop strategies that promote positive social media practices among tennis players while mitigating negative influences. Moreover, the study contributes to the research field by exploring the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in offline settings. Researchers interested in further investigating this topic can draw upon the methodology and findings of this study as a guide for their own investigations.

This single-case study examines the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in the context of Swedish tennis club. Through semi-structured interviews with tennis club members, the research aims to understand how social media practices impact tennis players’ physical behaviours. The study draws on theoretical frameworks that highlight social media’s influence on both the production and consumption of content, which can shape tennis players’ physical behaviours. The findings reveal that social media practices affect tennis players’ physical behaviours. Firstly, these practices can lead to changes in coaching approaches as coaches adapt their strategies and techniques based on social media trends and feedback. Tennis players may develop new habits influenced by what they observe and engage with on social media platforms. Additionally, social media practices can impact tennis players’ societal position, influencing their interactions with others and potentially affecting their social dynamics within the sports community. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of considering social media practices beyond online engagement and their impact on physical behaviours. The findings provide valuable insights for sports organizations aiming to develop strategies that promote positive social media practices among tennis players while mitigating negative influences. Moreover, the study contributes to the research field by exploring the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in offline settings. Researchers interested in further investigating this topic can draw upon the methodology and findings of this study as a guide for their own investigations.

The practice of racket sports has had an exponential growth in the last decade, along with it, the scientific interest in researching the different disciplines: badminton, padel, table tennis, tennis, and squash. However, most research has focused on the technical and tactical field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and compare the indicators of the internal load of each sport: heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen consumption (VO2), and lactate (LA) in order to reset physiological references to adjust the training of the players and also use these references to propose the practice of these sports for healthy purposes to the general population. PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Review were used to search for articles that met the inclusion criteria in three databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, and Sportdiscus. The search was performed between January 2010, and September 2022. Finally, a total 27 records were included for analysis in this study. The main findings were related to the differences in the intensity rates between sports. The highest lactate concentrations and heart values were found in badminton in the intensity of effort values (whose highest values were found in badminton) 10.11 (±4.99) mmol/L and 182.6 (±2.7) bpm respectively, whereas table tennis showed the lowest ones 1.2 (± 0.4) mmol/L, and 103.99 (±15.09) bpm, respectively. The highest mean VO2 was found in table tennis with a value of 36.8 (±13.2) ml/kg/min and the lowest in tennis with a value of 26.6 (±2.7) ml/kg/min. The highest VO2max was found in tennis players 58.0 (±4.6) ml/kg/min, and the lowest value was in table tennis with a value of 42.9 (±4.2) ml/kg/min. Since most of the studies were carried out on elite men players, future research should focus on amateur and women level players.

What first sparked my interest in engaging with the world of sport in my art was the sense of chaos that I saw in the floors of gyms and halls used for multiple different sports, where lines of different vibrant colors lie in a well-thought-out arrangement that nevertheless feels messy. If you consider one of the line colors, you can clearly trace identify the playing field of that color. I like to look at the floors with those lines as unconscious compositions with a balanced aesthetic accuracy. Of all athletic venues, the tennis court is the one that cannot leave me. I see it as complete in its symmetry consisting of ten squares divided into two. The lines on the floor define tennis and the rules of an individual sport provide structure and give the performer a sense that their imagination can be unleashed, within a delimited domain. In the studio, I aim to harness the balanced precision of tennis and other sports. My work could be perceived as liberated from its origin, as it doesn’t cite sports directly, still I strive to capture the dynamic rules and vibrant lines of sport in my paintings, where detail holds paramount importance. My paintings are created in the same dimensions as the tennis court, measuring 23.77 x 10.97 meters. I use nine black acrylic paints which I hold straight out of the tube. These are examples of the rules that are presented in my essay “Den praktiska handboken.” I wrote it as a framework to provide guidance for my own work, and consider it the ultimate authority on matters of faith and practice in my process; following these rules allows me to meditate on the capacity of my own decisions., Photographs from the exhibition. Photos by Jean-Baptiste Béranger.

What first sparked my interest in engaging with the world of sport in my art was the sense of chaos that I saw in the floors of gyms and halls used for multiple different sports, where lines of different vibrant colors lie in a well-thought-out arrangement that nevertheless feels messy. If you consider one of the line colors, you can clearly trace identify the playing field of that color. I like to look at the floors with those lines as unconscious compositions with a balanced aesthetic accuracy. Of all athletic venues, the tennis court is the one that cannot leave me. I see it as complete in its symmetry consisting of ten squares divided into two. The lines on the floor define tennis and the rules of an individual sport provide structure and give the performer a sense that their imagination can be unleashed, within a delimited domain. In the studio, I aim to harness the balanced precision of tennis and other sports. My work could be perceived as liberated from its origin, as it doesn’t cite sports directly, still I strive to capture the dynamic rules and vibrant lines of sport in my paintings, where detail holds paramount importance. My paintings are created in the same dimensions as the tennis court, measuring 23.77 x 10.97 meters. I use nine black acrylic paints which I hold straight out of the tube. These are examples of the rules that are presented in my essay “Den praktiska handboken.” I wrote it as a framework to provide guidance for my own work, and consider it the ultimate authority on matters of faith and practice in my process; following these rules allows me to meditate on the capacity of my own decisions., Photographs from the exhibition. Photos by Jean-Baptiste Béranger.

The practice of racket sports has had an exponential growth in the last decade, along with it, the scientific interest in researching the different disciplines: badminton, padel, table tennis, tennis, and squash. However, most research has focused on the technical and tactical field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and compare the indicators of the internal load of each sport: heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen consumption (VO2), and lactate (LA) in order to reset physiological references to adjust the training of the players and also use these references to propose the practice of these sports for healthy purposes to the general population. PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Review were used to search for articles that met the inclusion criteria in three databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, and Sportdiscus. The search was performed between January 2010, and September 2022. Finally, a total 27 records were included for analysis in this study. The main findings were related to the differences in the intensity rates between sports. The highest lactate concentrations and heart values were found in badminton in the intensity of effort values (whose highest values were found in badminton) 10.11 (±4.99) mmol/L and 182.6 (±2.7) bpm respectively, whereas table tennis showed the lowest ones 1.2 (± 0.4) mmol/L, and 103.99 (±15.09) bpm, respectively. The highest mean VO2 was found in table tennis with a value of 36.8 (±13.2) ml/kg/min and the lowest in tennis with a value of 26.6 (±2.7) ml/kg/min. The highest VO2max was found in tennis players 58.0 (±4.6) ml/kg/min, and the lowest value was in table tennis with a value of 42.9 (±4.2) ml/kg/min. Since most of the studies were carried out on elite men players, future research should focus on amateur and women level players.

Aim: To analyse the validity of the mobile application (Athla Velocity) used to measure ball speed. Method: A total of 67 volunteer male tennis players with a mean age of 24.94 ± 4.91 years participated in the study. In all measurements, the successful 10 service strike velocity made by the athletes in the determined area were evaluated. Each service strike was measured concurrently using both the Stalker Solo 2 radar device and the Athla Velocity application. Bland-Altman and regression analyses were used to determine the validity. Results: A high positive correlation was found between the radar device and Athla Velocity Application measurements (ICC = 0.970, r2 = .989). In addition, according to the Bland-Altman analysis, the measurement results of the two methods were found to be within the calculated limited area to a large extent. Conclusion: It has been determined that the Athla Velocity application can measure 98% close to the Stalker Pro 2 device in ball velocity measurement. As a result, it can be said that the Athla Velocity application can be used validly in ball velocity measurements.

Currently, the FedEx ATP (Association of Tennis Players) ranking based on points won in tournaments is the official ranking of professional tennis players. However, a more sophisticated ranking, which encompasses performance indicators, could be proposed having in mind the wide availability of indicators. To provide a possible alternative ranking, as a case study, we observed the professional tennis players in 2019 and three groups of indicators provided by the ATP: metrics of serve, metrics of return, and metrics under pressure on three courts: clay, grass, and hard. The chosen statistical methodology to create a novel ranking is the twofold I-distance method. The I-distance method has been employed with success for creating impartial and data-driven rankings. The twofold approach consists of the application of I-distance on two levels: on the level of indicators and on the level of previously created pillars. The results of such an approach will provide data-driven rankings based on performance indicators of tennis players on each individual surface and will enable the inspection of differences in tennis players’ performance.

[EN] n 1906 a tragic fire took place in a town in Cook County, Illinois, near Chicago; the suburban town of River Forest. The incident occurred at the tennis club of which one of the masters of modern architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright, was a member, and who, upon seeing the situation, considered it a moral duty to intervene in its reconstruction without losing the essence of architecture in connection with nature, and this, with the materiality, the idea and the shape of the new building. In this way, an analysis of the River Forest Tennis Club of Wright is proposed with the aim of seeing the architecture of the club through the eyes of the architect from a current position, understanding at the same time the conceptual part behind the project and the weight that history has had on it, focusing on the phases that it has had to go through until now. This tour will take us to a final study of the wooden structure of the original club and the impact it has had on the way both the interior and exterior are organized, ending with some reflections on the analysis developed., ES] En 1906 un trágico incendio tuvo lugar en un pueblo del Condado de Cook, Illinois, cerca de Chicago; el pueblo suburbano de River Forest. El incidente se produjo en el club de tenis del cual era socio uno de los maestros de la arquitectura moderna, Frank Lloyd Wright, quien, al ver la situación, se planteó como deber moral intervenir en la reconstrucción de este sin perder la esencia de la arquitectura en conexión con la naturaleza, y esta, con la materialidad, la idea y la forma del nuevo edificio. De este modo, se plantea un análisis del River Forest Tennis Club de Wright con el objetivo de ver la arquitectura del club a través de los ojos del arquitecto desde una posición actual, entendiendo a su vez la parte conceptual detrás del proyecto y el peso que la historia ha tenido sobre este focalizándonos en las fases por las que ha tenido que pasar hasta la actualidad. Este recorrido nos llevará a un estudio final de la estructura de madera del club original y la repercusión que esta ha tenido en la forma de organizarse tanto en el interior como en el exterior, finalizando con unas reflexiones sobre el análisis realizado.

[EN] n 1906 a tragic fire took place in a town in Cook County, Illinois, near Chicago; the suburban town of River Forest. The incident occurred at the tennis club of which one of the masters of modern architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright, was a member, and who, upon seeing the situation, considered it a moral duty to intervene in its reconstruction without losing the essence of architecture in connection with nature, and this, with the materiality, the idea and the shape of the new building. In this way, an analysis of the River Forest Tennis Club of Wright is proposed with the aim of seeing the architecture of the club through the eyes of the architect from a current position, understanding at the same time the conceptual part behind the project and the weight that history has had on it, focusing on the phases that it has had to go through until now. This tour will take us to a final study of the wooden structure of the original club and the impact it has had on the way both the interior and exterior are organized, ending with some reflections on the analysis developed., ES] En 1906 un trágico incendio tuvo lugar en un pueblo del Condado de Cook, Illinois, cerca de Chicago; el pueblo suburbano de River Forest. El incidente se produjo en el club de tenis del cual era socio uno de los maestros de la arquitectura moderna, Frank Lloyd Wright, quien, al ver la situación, se planteó como deber moral intervenir en la reconstrucción de este sin perder la esencia de la arquitectura en conexión con la naturaleza, y esta, con la materialidad, la idea y la forma del nuevo edificio. De este modo, se plantea un análisis del River Forest Tennis Club de Wright con el objetivo de ver la arquitectura del club a través de los ojos del arquitecto desde una posición actual, entendiendo a su vez la parte conceptual detrás del proyecto y el peso que la historia ha tenido sobre este focalizándonos en las fases por las que ha tenido que pasar hasta la actualidad. Este recorrido nos llevará a un estudio final de la estructura de madera del club original y la repercusión que esta ha tenido en la forma de organizarse tanto en el interior como en el exterior, finalizando con unas reflexiones sobre el análisis realizado.

[EN] n 1906 a tragic fire took place in a town in Cook County, Illinois, near Chicago; the suburban town of River Forest. The incident occurred at the tennis club of which one of the masters of modern architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright, was a member, and who, upon seeing the situation, considered it a moral duty to intervene in its reconstruction without losing the essence of architecture in connection with nature, and this, with the materiality, the idea and the shape of the new building. In this way, an analysis of the River Forest Tennis Club of Wright is proposed with the aim of seeing the architecture of the club through the eyes of the architect from a current position, understanding at the same time the conceptual part behind the project and the weight that history has had on it, focusing on the phases that it has had to go through until now. This tour will take us to a final study of the wooden structure of the original club and the impact it has had on the way both the interior and exterior are organized, ending with some reflections on the analysis developed., ES] En 1906 un trágico incendio tuvo lugar en un pueblo del Condado de Cook, Illinois, cerca de Chicago; el pueblo suburbano de River Forest. El incidente se produjo en el club de tenis del cual era socio uno de los maestros de la arquitectura moderna, Frank Lloyd Wright, quien, al ver la situación, se planteó como deber moral intervenir en la reconstrucción de este sin perder la esencia de la arquitectura en conexión con la naturaleza, y esta, con la materialidad, la idea y la forma del nuevo edificio. De este modo, se plantea un análisis del River Forest Tennis Club de Wright con el objetivo de ver la arquitectura del club a través de los ojos del arquitecto desde una posición actual, entendiendo a su vez la parte conceptual detrás del proyecto y el peso que la historia ha tenido sobre este focalizándonos en las fases por las que ha tenido que pasar hasta la actualidad. Este recorrido nos llevará a un estudio final de la estructura de madera del club original y la repercusión que esta ha tenido en la forma de organizarse tanto en el interior como en el exterior, finalizando con unas reflexiones sobre el análisis realizado.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

This review aims to enlighten the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports. However, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

BACKGROUND: In young tennis players, high loads on the spine and high training volumes in relation to age are associated with a high lifetime prevalence of back pain. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if accumulated external workload "spikes" in the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of back pain stratified by sex and level of play and to describe the characteristics of players with back pain. HYPOTHESIS: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of back pain. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of 198 competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, with a weekly follow-up for 52 consecutive weeks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and the workload/age ratio, were time-varying exposures in Cox regression analyses with the outcome back pain (pain intensity ≥2/10 in the lower back and/or in the upper back/neck with a pain-related disability). RESULTS: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06-1.28) for back pain. The corresponding HRR for fitness training was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.22). Training workload/age ratio was not related to back pain. CONCLUSION: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Back pain is a troublesome clinical problem that may affect the performance of talented young tennis players. Structuring the training schedule to minimize rapid increases (ie, spikes) of training load on a weekly basis may enhance performance and reduce back pain in adolescent tennis players.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and complaints/injuries in young tennis players. Primary aims of this study were to investigate if accumulated external workload "spikes" in ACWR of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and to see if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with the rate of shoulder complaints/injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of complaints/injuries stratified by sex and level of play and to describe shoulder injury characteristics. HYPOTHESIS: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of shoulder complaints and injuries. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: At baseline, 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, were screened and followed weekly for 52 weeks with questionnaires, in the years 2018 to 2019. Information about time-varying accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and workload/age ratio, in 252 uninjured players were used in Cox regression analyses with the outcomes shoulder complaints (≥20) and injuries (≥40) (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire). RESULTS: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.40) for a shoulder complaint and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39) for a shoulder injury. The HRR for fitness training was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20) for a shoulder complaint and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.09-1.27) for a shoulder injury. Workload/age ratio was not associated with the rate of shoulder complaints or injuries. CONCLUSION: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of shoulder complaints and shoulder injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Consistency in training load on a weekly basis is most

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and complaints/injuries in young tennis players. Primary aims of this study were to investigate if accumulated external workload "spikes" in ACWR of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and to see if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with the rate of shoulder complaints/injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of complaints/injuries stratified by sex and level of play and to describe shoulder injury characteristics. HYPOTHESIS: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of shoulder complaints and injuries. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: At baseline, 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, were screened and followed weekly for 52 weeks with questionnaires, in the years 2018 to 2019. Information about time-varying accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and workload/age ratio, in 252 uninjured players were used in Cox regression analyses with the outcomes shoulder complaints (≥20) and injuries (≥40) (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire). RESULTS: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.40) for a shoulder complaint and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39) for a shoulder injury. The HRR for fitness training was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20) for a shoulder complaint and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.09-1.27) for a shoulder injury. Workload/age ratio was not associated with the rate of shoulder complaints or injuries. CONCLUSION: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of shoulder complaints and shoulder injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Consistency in training load on a weekly basis is most

BACKGROUND: In young tennis players, high loads on the spine and high training volumes in relation to age are associated with a high lifetime prevalence of back pain. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if accumulated external workload "spikes" in the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of back pain stratified by sex and level of play and to describe the characteristics of players with back pain. HYPOTHESIS: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of back pain. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of 198 competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, with a weekly follow-up for 52 consecutive weeks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and the workload/age ratio, were time-varying exposures in Cox regression analyses with the outcome back pain (pain intensity ≥2/10 in the lower back and/or in the upper back/neck with a pain-related disability). RESULTS: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06-1.28) for back pain. The corresponding HRR for fitness training was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.22). Training workload/age ratio was not related to back pain. CONCLUSION: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Back pain is a troublesome clinical problem that may affect the performance of talented young tennis players. Structuring the training schedule to minimize rapid increases (ie, spikes) of training load on a weekly basis may enhance performance and reduce back pain in adolescent tennis players.

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) Tennis great JOHN MCENROE, who's in the International Tennis Hall of Fame, in recognition of his 158 combined titles on the pro tour. His career and personal life are the subject of a new documentary directed by Barney Douglas that's now streaming on Netflix. It's called McEnroe. (INTERVIEW BY DAVE DAVIES) (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES THRU THE END OF THE SHOW)

New technologies have made sports more entertaining, safe, and fair in recent years. This study focuses on electronic line calling, a technology that is revolutionizing tennis. A set of sensors and complex algorithms enable umpires and players to determine with a certain degree of precision whether the ball has bounced inside or outside the court. Numerous technological solutions have been developed in this ambit, but little research has been conducted on the interaction between players and the system during a match. The research follows the Research trough Design approach and the Double-Diamond design process. I collaborated with the company PlayReplay AB, that has developed an electronic judging system. At first, I used research methods such as interviews with experts to understand the user needs and narrow down the problem. Secondly, I explored different modalities and iterated on several user interfaces to generate a final design proposal for PlayReplay's system. The findings demonstrate that the player experience with an electronic line call system depends on various elements. First, the system must adhere to certain requirements like discretion, punctuality, and reliability, otherwise will feel unreliable or disturbing. Second, the interaction modalities should comply with some specifics: the output should be easily identifiable but not obtrusive, and the input must be easy to use but also well incorporated into the game., Ny teknik har gjort sport mer underhållande, säkrare och mer rättvis de senaste åren. Denna studie fokuserar på elektroniskt linjeanrop (ELC), en teknik som revolutionerar tennis. Sensorer och komplexa algoritmer gör det möjligt för domare och spelare att med en viss precision avgöra om bollen har studsat innanför eller utanför planen. Många tekniska lösningar har utvecklats inom detta område, men lite forskning har gjorts på interaktionen mellan spelare och systemet under en match. Jag samarbetade med företaget PlayReplay AB som har utvecklat ett elektroniskt bedömningssystem. Min forskning följer ”Research trough Design”-metoden och designprocessen ”Double Diamond”. Till en början använde jag forskningsmetoder som intervjuer med experter för att förstå användarnas behov och begränsa problemet. För det andra utforskade jag olika modaliteter och itererade på flera användargränssnitt för att generera ett slutgiltigt designförslag för PlayReplays ELC-system. Resultaten visar att spelarens erfarenhet av ett elektroniskt linjesamtalssystem beror på olika faktorer. För det första måste systemet följa vissa krav som diskretion, punktlighet och tillförlitlighet, annars kommer det att kännas opålitligt eller störande. För det andra bör interaktionen mellan användaren och systemet överensstämma med följande principer: Resultatet ska vara lätt identifierbart men inte påträngande, och interaktionen måste vara lättanvänd men också väl integrerad i spelet., Uudet teknologiat ovat tehneet urheilusta viihdyttävämpää, turvallisempaa ja oikeudenmukaisempaa viime vuosina. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy Electronic line calling -teknologiaan (ELC), joka parhaillaan mullistaa tennistä. Nopeat anturit ja monimutkaiset algoritmit antavat tuomareille ja pelaajille mahdollisuuden määrittää tietyllä tarkkuudella, onko pallo pomppinut kentän sisällä vai ulkopuolella. Alalla on kehitetty lukuisia teknisiä ratkaisuja, mutta pelaajien ja järjestelmien välistä vuorovaikutusta ottelun aikana on tutkittu vähän. Tein yhteistyötä PlayReplay AB:n kanssa, joka on kehittänyt sähköisen tuomarointijärjestelmän. Tutkimus noudattaa Research trough Design -lähestymistapaa ja Double diamond -suunnitteluprosessia. Ensin käytin tutkimusmenetelmiä, kuten asiantuntijoiden haastatteluja käyttäjien tarpeiden ymmärtämiseksi ja ongelman rajaamiseksi. Toiseksi tutkin erilaisia modaliteetteja ja iteroin useammalla käyttöliittymällä luodakseni lopullisen suunnitteluehdotuksen PlayReplayn ELC-järjestelmästä. Löydökset osoittavat, että pelaajan kokemus sähköisestä linjapuhelujärjestelmästä koostuu useista osista. Ensinnäkin järjestelmän on täytettävä tietyt vaatimukset, kuten harkintakyky, täsmällisyys ja luotettavuus. Sitten vuorovaikutusmenetelmien tulee noudattaa joitain erityispiirteitä: tulosteen tulee olla helposti tunnistettavissa, mutta ei häiritsevä, ja syötteen on oltava helppokäyttöinen, mutta se on myös sisällytettävä kunnolla peliin., Negli ultimi anni, l'avvento di nuove tecnologie ha reso gli sport più divertenti, sicuri e corretti. Questa ricerca si concentra sui sistemi di chiamata di linea automatizzati (ELC), una tecnologia che sta rivoluzionando il tennis. Sensori ad alta precisione e algoritmi complessi consentono agli arbitri e ai giocatori di determinare, con un certo grado di precisione, se la palla è rimbalzata all'interno o all'esterno del campo. In questo ambito sono state sviluppate numerose soluzioni tecnologiche, ma poche sono state le ricerche condotte sull'interazione tra i giocatori e il sistema durante una partita. Ho collaborato con l'azienda PlayReplay AB, che ha sviluppato un sistema di arbitraggio elettronico. Questa tesi segue l'approccio della ricerca attraverso il design (Research through Design) e il processo di progettazione a doppio diamante (Double Diamond). Inizialmente, si è fatto uso di metodi di ricerca, come interviste ad esperti, per comprendere le esigenze degli utenti e restringere il problema; in secondo luogo, si sono esplorate differenti modalità di interazione attraverso l'iterazione con diverse interfacce utente. Il fine è stato quello di generare una interfaccia utente da utilizzare nel sistema ELC di PlayReplay. I risultati dimostrano che l'esperienza del giocatore è composta da varie componenti. Innanzitutto, il sistema deve rispettare determinati requisiti come discrezione, puntualità e affidabilità. Inoltre, le modalità di interazione con il sistema devono rispettare alcune specifiche: l'output dovrebbe essere facilmente identificabile ma allo stesso tempo non invadente e l'input deve essere semplice da utilizzare e ben integrato nel gioco.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate isometric internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), abduction (ABD), and eccentric external rotation (eccER) shoulder strength and rotational range of motion (ROM) in adolescent male and female competitive tennis players. Additional aims of the study were to provide a tennis-specific normative database based on a large sample of players to deepen the knowledge regarding shoulder strength and ROM for adolescent competitive tennis players, and to discuss differences based on sex, age, and level of play. Shoulder strength and ROM was assessed in 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 176 boys and 125 girls with a mean age of 14.6 and 14.4 years, respectively. Outcome variables of interest were isometric IR and ER strength, ABD strength, eccER shoulder strength, intermuscular strength ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR, IR ROM, ER ROM, and total range of motion (TROM). A General Linear Model two-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in sex, age, and level of play. The findings of this study demonstrated age, side, and sex differences in the shoulder isometric strength, the eccER strength and ROM in adolescent competitive tennis players. Furthermore, when strength was expressed as ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR both sexes showed a lower ratio for eccER/IR in national players (0.95 ± 0.22 and 0.95 ± 0.23) compared to regional players (1.01 ± 0.32 and 1.07 ± 0.29) for male and female players, respectively. In conclusion, this paper presents a tennis-specific normative database for shoulder rotation strength and ROM in adolescent male and female competitive players. The key points in this evaluation are strength values normalized to body mass, intermuscular ratios, and TROM.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate isometric internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), abduction (ABD), and eccentric external rotation (eccER) shoulder strength and rotational range of motion (ROM) in adolescent male and female competitive tennis players. Additional aims of the study were to provide a tennis-specific normative database based on a large sample of players to deepen the knowledge regarding shoulder strength and ROM for adolescent competitive tennis players, and to discuss differences based on sex, age, and level of play. Shoulder strength and ROM was assessed in 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 176 boys and 125 girls with a mean age of 14.6 and 14.4 years, respectively. Outcome variables of interest were isometric IR and ER strength, ABD strength, eccER shoulder strength, intermuscular strength ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR, IR ROM, ER ROM, and total range of motion (TROM). A General Linear Model two-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in sex, age, and level of play. The findings of this study demonstrated age, side, and sex differences in the shoulder isometric strength, the eccER strength and ROM in adolescent competitive tennis players. Furthermore, when strength was expressed as ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR both sexes showed a lower ratio for eccER/IR in national players (0.95 ± 0.22 and 0.95 ± 0.23) compared to regional players (1.01 ± 0.32 and 1.07 ± 0.29) for male and female players, respectively. In conclusion, this paper presents a tennis-specific normative database for shoulder rotation strength and ROM in adolescent male and female competitive players. The key points in this evaluation are strength values normalized to body mass, intermuscular ratios, and TROM.

This review aims to enlighten the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports. However, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.

BACKGROUND: Tennis is one of the most competitive sports in which the difference between the top ranked players is the result of a combination of physical, technical, tactical and psychological components. OBJECTIVE: Identify the demographic, anthropometric and lateral dominance characteristics of professional tennis players and their association with the number of career achievements. METHODS: Analytical, cross-sectional study with the 100 best tennis players ranked in the Association of Professional Tennis Players in 2017. For the outcome, number of titles, all achievements during the tennis professional’s career were taken into account. A descriptive analysis of the variables under study was performed, with calculation of mean and respective standard deviation for continuous variables and calculation of proportion and confidence intervals for categorical variables. The bivariate analysis was performed using Student’s T test and Anova or its nonparametric equivalent. RESULTS: The average age of tennis players was 28.3±4.5 years old with the youngest 18 years old and the oldest 38 years old. The majority had white skin color (95.0%) and had, respectively, average weight and height of 80.1±8.0 kg and 1.87±0.07 meters. Regarding the game characteristics, 84.0% of the players had right dominance and 81.0% performed the backhand with two hands. As for the total titles, 37.0% had never won titles in the tournaments played. Tennis players up to 29 years of age had a lower average of titles compared to those of 30 years old or more (p=0.001). There was no difference in the number of victories between players with different lateral dominances (p=0.80) or backhand with one or two hands (p=0.1). CONCLUSION: Older tennis players, who remain in the top 100, have the highest number of career achievements., INTRODUÇÃO: O tênis é um dos esportes mais competitivos no qual a diferença entre os jogadores melhores classificados é resultado da combinação de componentes físicos, técnicos, táticos e psicológicos. OBJETIVO: Identificar as características demográficas, antropométricas e dominância lateral de tenistas profissionais e sua associação com o número de títulos conquistados na carreira. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, com os 100 melhores tenistas ranqueados na Associação dos Tenistas Profissionais no ano 2017. Para o desfecho, número de títulos, foi levado em consideração todas as conquistas durante a carreira profissional do tenista. Foi realizada a análise descritiva das variáveis em estudo, com cálculo de média e respectivo desvio-padrão para variáveis contínuas e cálculo de proporção e intervalos de confiança para as variáveis categóricas. A análise bivariada foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student e Anova ou seu equivalente não paramétrico para diferenças de média. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos tenistas foi de 28,3±4,5 anos tendo o mais novo 18 anos e o mais velho 38 anos. A maioria possuía cor da pele branca (95,0%) e apresentavam, respectivamente, médias de peso e altura de 80,1±8,0 quilos e 1,87±0,07 metros. Em relação as características de jogo, 84,0% dos jogadores apresentaram dominância lateral direita e 81,0% realizavam o backhand com duas mãos. Quanto ao total de títulos, 37,0% nunca haviam conquistado títulos nos torneios disputados. Tenistas com até 29 anos de idade apresentaram média inferior de títulos comparados aos de 30 anos ou mais (p=0,001). Não houve diferença no número de vitórias entre jogadores com diferentes dominâncias laterais (p=0,80) ou realização de backhand com uma ou duas mãos (p=0,1). CONCLUSÃO: Baseado nos achados do presente estudo, conclui-se que tenistas mais velhos, que se mantêm entre os 100 melhores, possuem maior número de títulos conquistados.

The objective of this study was to measure and compare between genders, speeds of approach to the changes of direction (CDD), after displacements of more than 4 meters in the bottom of the court present in elite tennis. 15 CDDs were selected during a match, from each of the top 5 male and female tennis players in the ATP and WTA rankings. On them, an automatic monitoring system was applied by video analysis based on three body points (head, trunk and hip). Higher velocity values were found for men at all moments analyzed from the penultimate step (PEN) before CDD, as well as substantial differences between both genders in partial velocities during steps prior to CDD. During approach to the CDD, the speed of men from the third to last step before the CDD (ANT) was increased in the PEN and decreased in the last step before the CDD (ULT), while the women progressively decreased their speed from of the ANT. In conclusion, there are many differences between men and women when approaching a change of direction, and therefore in the preparation of blows. Therefore, the information provided in this study is of vital importance for the training approach by coaches and physical trainers., El objetivo de este estudio fue medir las velocidades de aproximación a los cambios de dirección (CDD), tras desplazamientos de más de 4 metros, entre hombres y mujeres en el fondo de la pista durante partidos de tenis de élite. Se seleccionó un partido de cada uno de los 5 mejores tenistas masculinos y femeninos del ranking ATP y WTA. Y, de cada partido, 15 CDD. Sobre cada CDD, se aplicó un sistema de seguimiento automático mediante videoanálisis basado en tres puntos corporales (cabeza, tronco y cadera). Se encontraron mayores velocidades en hombres en todos los momentos analizados a partir del penúltimo apoyo (PEN) antes del CDD. También se encontraron diferencias entre ambos sexos en las velocidades parciales durante los pasos previos al CDD. Durante aproximación al CDD, la velocidad de los hombres a partir del antepenúltimo apoyo (ANT) antes del CDD fue aumentada en el PEN y disminuyó en el último apoyo (ULT) antes del CDD, mientras que las mujeres, disminuyeron progresivamente su velocidad a partir del ANT. En conclusión, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la aproximación a un cambio de dirección, y por tanto en la preparación de golpeos. Por lo tanto, la información proporcionada en este estudio es de vital importancia para el planteamiento de entrenamientos.

The objective of the study was to examine original scientific articles available in data bases for the past twenty-one years (2000-2021) concerning monitoring of anthropometry and physical fitness in young tennis players. A systematic review was carried out in three online data bases (PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science) from January, 2000 to May, 2021. Initially, 73 original articles were identified. After applying criteria of eligibility and exclusion, together with the procedure presented in the PRISMA flowchart, 14 articles were selected and were qualitatively analyzed. The results show the need for further research, mainly in South America and among women. However, it is important to point out that these studies offer anthropometric references very similar to those found in other regions in the world. On the other hand, anthropometry and performance in physical fitness tests show better indicators concerning chronological age, performance in a given modality (national ranking) and specific training. When genders were compared, significant differences were found in terms of anthropometry and physical fitness. Finally, both in women and in men, advanced maturity is associated with better performance in speed tests for movement, strength and muscle power. These data need to be considered in order to improve sports performance, detect talent and prevent injuries in adolescent tennis players., El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los artículos científicos originales, disponibles en bases de datos en los últimos veintiún años (2000-2021), acerca del monitoreo de la antropometría y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en tres bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, LILACS y Web of Science, entre enero del 2000 a mayo del 2021; se identificaron inicialmente 73 artículos originales que, posterior a la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad y exclusión, junto con el procedimiento presentado en el flujograma PRISMA, permitieron obtener 14 artículos, que fueron analizados cualitativamente. Los resultados evidencian que existe la necesidad de mayores indagaciones, especialmente a nivel sudamericano y en las mujeres; no obstante, es importante señalar que estos estudios aportan con referencias antropométricas muy similares a las encontradas en otras regiones del mundo. Por otro lado, la antropometría y el desempeño en pruebas de aptitud física presentan mejores indicadores en relación con la edad cronológica, rendimiento en la modalidad (ranking nacional) y entrenamiento específico. Al comparar por género, existen diferencias significativas en antropometría y pruebas de aptitud física. Finalmente, tanto en mujeres como en hombres, la maduración avanzada se asocia al mejor desempeño en las pruebas de velocidad de desplazamiento, de fuerza y potencia muscular. Es necesario considerar esta información para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, detección de talento y prevenir lesiones en tenistas adolescentes.

BACKGROUND: Tennis is one of the most competitive sports in which the difference between the top ranked players is the result of a combination of physical, technical, tactical and psychological components. OBJECTIVE: Identify the demographic, anthropometric and lateral dominance characteristics of professional tennis players and their association with the number of career achievements. METHODS: Analytical, cross-sectional study with the 100 best tennis players ranked in the Association of Professional Tennis Players in 2017. For the outcome, number of titles, all achievements during the tennis professional’s career were taken into account. A descriptive analysis of the variables under study was performed, with calculation of mean and respective standard deviation for continuous variables and calculation of proportion and confidence intervals for categorical variables. The bivariate analysis was performed using Student’s T test and Anova or its nonparametric equivalent. RESULTS: The average age of tennis players was 28.3±4.5 years old with the youngest 18 years old and the oldest 38 years old. The majority had white skin color (95.0%) and had, respectively, average weight and height of 80.1±8.0 kg and 1.87±0.07 meters. Regarding the game characteristics, 84.0% of the players had right dominance and 81.0% performed the backhand with two hands. As for the total titles, 37.0% had never won titles in the tournaments played. Tennis players up to 29 years of age had a lower average of titles compared to those of 30 years old or more (p=0.001). There was no difference in the number of victories between players with different lateral dominances (p=0.80) or backhand with one or two hands (p=0.1). CONCLUSION: Older tennis players, who remain in the top 100, have the highest number of career achievements., INTRODUÇÃO: O tênis é um dos esportes mais competitivos no qual a diferença entre os jogadores melhores classificados é resultado da combinação de componentes físicos, técnicos, táticos e psicológicos. OBJETIVO: Identificar as características demográficas, antropométricas e dominância lateral de tenistas profissionais e sua associação com o número de títulos conquistados na carreira. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, com os 100 melhores tenistas ranqueados na Associação dos Tenistas Profissionais no ano 2017. Para o desfecho, número de títulos, foi levado em consideração todas as conquistas durante a carreira profissional do tenista. Foi realizada a análise descritiva das variáveis em estudo, com cálculo de média e respectivo desvio-padrão para variáveis contínuas e cálculo de proporção e intervalos de confiança para as variáveis categóricas. A análise bivariada foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student e Anova ou seu equivalente não paramétrico para diferenças de média. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos tenistas foi de 28,3±4,5 anos tendo o mais novo 18 anos e o mais velho 38 anos. A maioria possuía cor da pele branca (95,0%) e apresentavam, respectivamente, médias de peso e altura de 80,1±8,0 quilos e 1,87±0,07 metros. Em relação as características de jogo, 84,0% dos jogadores apresentaram dominância lateral direita e 81,0% realizavam o backhand com duas mãos. Quanto ao total de títulos, 37,0% nunca haviam conquistado títulos nos torneios disputados. Tenistas com até 29 anos de idade apresentaram média inferior de títulos comparados aos de 30 anos ou mais (p=0,001). Não houve diferença no número de vitórias entre jogadores com diferentes dominâncias laterais (p=0,80) ou realização de backhand com uma ou duas mãos (p=0,1). CONCLUSÃO: Baseado nos achados do presente estudo, conclui-se que tenistas mais velhos, que se mantêm entre os 100 melhores, possuem maior número de títulos conquistados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the services of a Specialised Centre for Tennis Sport Technification (SCTST) through an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) carried out by its internal and external customers. However, although there are studies related to sports centres in Spain, there is none that focuses on SCTST, and that can also investigate the perceptions of their different customers and present an analysis segmented by customer characteristics. A total of 128 clients of the SCTST participated in the study, 102 being men and the remaining 26 women, with an average age of 43.81 (SD = 13.60). As a measurement instrument, the online questionnaire was applied, with questions on customer characteristics (sociodemographics) and a behavioural measure, consisting of 29 items. As a result of the data obtained, IPA analysis was performed mainly according to sex and type of relationship of the clients with the SCTST, taking into account the discrepancies between the mean scores obtained in valuation and importance. The main findings indicate that all attributes can be improved, but special emphasis should be placed on the rates and state of conservation of the SCTST sports facilities., El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características de los servicios de un Centro Especializado de Tecnificación Deportiva en Tenis (CETDT) a través de un análisis Importancia-Valoración (IPA) realizado por los clientes internos y externos del mismo. Aun existiendo trabajos vinculados a los centros deportivos en España, no existe ninguno que se centre en los CETDT, y que, además, indague en las percepciones de sus diferentes clientes y presente un análisis segmentado por características de éstos. En el estudio participaron 128 clientes del CETDT, siendo 102 hombres y 26 restante mujeres, con una edad media de 43.81 años (DT = 13.60). Como instrumento de medida se aplicó un cuestionario online, con preguntas sobre características de los clientes (sociodemográficos) y una medida de comportamiento, compuesta por 29 ítems. A raíz de los datos obtenidos, se realizó el análisis IPA atendiendo principalmente al sexo y al tipo de relación de los clientes con el CETDT, teniendo en cuenta las discrepancias entre las puntuaciones medias obtenidas en valoración e importancia. Los principales hallazgos indican que todos los atributos pueden ser mejorados, pero se debe poner un especial énfasis en las tarifas y el estado de conservación de los espacios deportivos del CETDT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the services of a Specialised Centre for Tennis Sport Technification (SCTST) through an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) carried out by its internal and external customers. However, although there are studies related to sports centres in Spain, there is none that focuses on SCTST, and that can also investigate the perceptions of their different customers and present an analysis segmented by customer characteristics. A total of 128 clients of the SCTST participated in the study, 102 being men and the remaining 26 women, with an average age of 43.81 (SD = 13.60). As a measurement instrument, the online questionnaire was applied, with questions on customer characteristics (sociodemographics) and a behavioural measure, consisting of 29 items. As a result of the data obtained, IPA analysis was performed mainly according to sex and type of relationship of the clients with the SCTST, taking into account the discrepancies between the mean scores obtained in valuation and importance. The main findings indicate that all attributes can be improved, but special emphasis should be placed on the rates and state of conservation of the SCTST sports facilities., El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características de los servicios de un Centro Especializado de Tecnificación Deportiva en Tenis (CETDT) a través de un análisis Importancia-Valoración (IPA) realizado por los clientes internos y externos del mismo. Aun existiendo trabajos vinculados a los centros deportivos en España, no existe ninguno que se centre en los CETDT, y que, además, indague en las percepciones de sus diferentes clientes y presente un análisis segmentado por características de éstos. En el estudio participaron 128 clientes del CETDT, siendo 102 hombres y 26 restante mujeres, con una edad media de 43.81 años (DT = 13.60). Como instrumento de medida se aplicó un cuestionario online, con preguntas sobre características de los clientes (sociodemográficos) y una medida de comportamiento, compuesta por 29 ítems. A raíz de los datos obtenidos, se realizó el análisis IPA atendiendo principalmente al sexo y al tipo de relación de los clientes con el CETDT, teniendo en cuenta las discrepancias entre las puntuaciones medias obtenidas en valoración e importancia. Los principales hallazgos indican que todos los atributos pueden ser mejorados, pero se debe poner un especial énfasis en las tarifas y el estado de conservación de los espacios deportivos del CETDT

Este trabajo consiste en la creación de una base de datos con las variables de interés para su posterior modelización. Para hacerlo se hará uso de un modelo de regresión logística. El objetivo de este modelo es obtener una probabilidad de victoria entre dos jugadores para un partido de tenis. A partir de este modelo se realizará una simulación de los torneos disputados en 2021 para a posteriori predecir el rendimiento futuro de los diferentes jugadores comparándolos con los resultados reales. El objetivo es predecir y cuantificar la capacidad de predicción de los diferentes jugadores que componen el circuito masculino de tenis.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate isometric internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), abduction (ABD), and eccentric external rotation (eccER) shoulder strength and rotational range of motion (ROM) in adolescent male and female competitive tennis players. Additional aims of the study were to provide a tennis-specific normative database based on a large sample of players to deepen the knowledge regarding shoulder strength and ROM for adolescent competitive tennis players, and to discuss differences based on sex, age, and level of play. Shoulder strength and ROM was assessed in 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 176 boys and 125 girls with a mean age of 14.6 and 14.4 years, respectively. Outcome variables of interest were isometric IR and ER strength, ABD strength, eccER shoulder strength, intermuscular strength ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR, IR ROM, ER ROM, and total range of motion (TROM). A General Linear Model two-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in sex, age, and level of play. The findings of this study demonstrated age, side, and sex differences in the shoulder isometric strength, the eccER strength and ROM in adolescent competitive tennis players. Furthermore, when strength was expressed as ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR both sexes showed a lower ratio for eccER/IR in national players (0.95 ± 0.22 and 0.95 ± 0.23) compared to regional players (1.01 ± 0.32 and 1.07 ± 0.29) for male and female players, respectively. In conclusion, this paper presents a tennis-specific normative database for shoulder rotation strength and ROM in adolescent male and female competitive players. The key points in this evaluation are strength values normalized to body mass, intermuscular ratios, and TROM.

New technologies have made sports more entertaining, safe, and fair in recent years. This study focuses on electronic line calling, a technology that is revolutionizing tennis. A set of sensors and complex algorithms enable umpires and players to determine with a certain degree of precision whether the ball has bounced inside or outside the court. Numerous technological solutions have been developed in this ambit, but little research has been conducted on the interaction between players and the system during a match. The research follows the Research trough Design approach and the Double-Diamond design process. I collaborated with the company PlayReplay AB, that has developed an electronic judging system. At first, I used research methods such as interviews with experts to understand the user needs and narrow down the problem. Secondly, I explored different modalities and iterated on several user interfaces to generate a final design proposal for PlayReplay's system. The findings demonstrate that the player experience with an electronic line call system depends on various elements. First, the system must adhere to certain requirements like discretion, punctuality, and reliability, otherwise will feel unreliable or disturbing. Second, the interaction modalities should comply with some specifics: the output should be easily identifiable but not obtrusive, and the input must be easy to use but also well incorporated into the game., Ny teknik har gjort sport mer underhållande, säkrare och mer rättvis de senaste åren. Denna studie fokuserar på elektroniskt linjeanrop (ELC), en teknik som revolutionerar tennis. Sensorer och komplexa algoritmer gör det möjligt för domare och spelare att med en viss precision avgöra om bollen har studsat innanför eller utanför planen. Många tekniska lösningar har utvecklats inom detta område, men lite forskning har gjorts på interaktionen mellan spelare och systemet under en match. Jag samarbetade med företaget PlayReplay AB som har utvecklat ett elektroniskt bedömningssystem. Min forskning följer ”Research trough Design”-metoden och designprocessen ”Double Diamond”. Till en början använde jag forskningsmetoder som intervjuer med experter för att förstå användarnas behov och begränsa problemet. För det andra utforskade jag olika modaliteter och itererade på flera användargränssnitt för att generera ett slutgiltigt designförslag för PlayReplays ELC-system. Resultaten visar att spelarens erfarenhet av ett elektroniskt linjesamtalssystem beror på olika faktorer. För det första måste systemet följa vissa krav som diskretion, punktlighet och tillförlitlighet, annars kommer det att kännas opålitligt eller störande. För det andra bör interaktionen mellan användaren och systemet överensstämma med följande principer: Resultatet ska vara lätt identifierbart men inte påträngande, och interaktionen måste vara lättanvänd men också väl integrerad i spelet., Uudet teknologiat ovat tehneet urheilusta viihdyttävämpää, turvallisempaa ja oikeudenmukaisempaa viime vuosina. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy Electronic line calling -teknologiaan (ELC), joka parhaillaan mullistaa tennistä. Nopeat anturit ja monimutkaiset algoritmit antavat tuomareille ja pelaajille mahdollisuuden määrittää tietyllä tarkkuudella, onko pallo pomppinut kentän sisällä vai ulkopuolella. Alalla on kehitetty lukuisia teknisiä ratkaisuja, mutta pelaajien ja järjestelmien välistä vuorovaikutusta ottelun aikana on tutkittu vähän. Tein yhteistyötä PlayReplay AB:n kanssa, joka on kehittänyt sähköisen tuomarointijärjestelmän. Tutkimus noudattaa Research trough Design -lähestymistapaa ja Double diamond -suunnitteluprosessia. Ensin käytin tutkimusmenetelmiä, kuten asiantuntijoiden haastatteluja käyttäjien tarpeiden ymmärtämiseksi ja ongelman rajaamiseksi. Toiseksi tutkin erilaisia modaliteetteja ja iteroin useammalla käyttöliittymällä luodakseni lopullisen suunnitteluehdotuksen PlayReplayn ELC-järjestelmästä. Löydökset osoittavat, että pelaajan kokemus sähköisestä linjapuhelujärjestelmästä koostuu useista osista. Ensinnäkin järjestelmän on täytettävä tietyt vaatimukset, kuten harkintakyky, täsmällisyys ja luotettavuus. Sitten vuorovaikutusmenetelmien tulee noudattaa joitain erityispiirteitä: tulosteen tulee olla helposti tunnistettavissa, mutta ei häiritsevä, ja syötteen on oltava helppokäyttöinen, mutta se on myös sisällytettävä kunnolla peliin., Negli ultimi anni, l'avvento di nuove tecnologie ha reso gli sport più divertenti, sicuri e corretti. Questa ricerca si concentra sui sistemi di chiamata di linea automatizzati (ELC), una tecnologia che sta rivoluzionando il tennis. Sensori ad alta precisione e algoritmi complessi consentono agli arbitri e ai giocatori di determinare, con un certo grado di precisione, se la palla è rimbalzata all'interno o all'esterno del campo. In questo ambito sono state sviluppate numerose soluzioni tecnologiche, ma poche sono state le ricerche condotte sull'interazione tra i giocatori e il sistema durante una partita. Ho collaborato con l'azienda PlayReplay AB, che ha sviluppato un sistema di arbitraggio elettronico. Questa tesi segue l'approccio della ricerca attraverso il design (Research through Design) e il processo di progettazione a doppio diamante (Double Diamond). Inizialmente, si è fatto uso di metodi di ricerca, come interviste ad esperti, per comprendere le esigenze degli utenti e restringere il problema; in secondo luogo, si sono esplorate differenti modalità di interazione attraverso l'iterazione con diverse interfacce utente. Il fine è stato quello di generare una interfaccia utente da utilizzare nel sistema ELC di PlayReplay. I risultati dimostrano che l'esperienza del giocatore è composta da varie componenti. Innanzitutto, il sistema deve rispettare determinati requisiti come discrezione, puntualità e affidabilità. Inoltre, le modalità di interazione con il sistema devono rispettare alcune specifiche: l'output dovrebbe essere facilmente identificabile ma allo stesso tempo non invadente e l'input deve essere semplice da utilizzare e ben integrato nel gioco.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate isometric internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), abduction (ABD), and eccentric external rotation (eccER) shoulder strength and rotational range of motion (ROM) in adolescent male and female competitive tennis players. Additional aims of the study were to provide a tennis-specific normative database based on a large sample of players to deepen the knowledge regarding shoulder strength and ROM for adolescent competitive tennis players, and to discuss differences based on sex, age, and level of play. Shoulder strength and ROM was assessed in 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 176 boys and 125 girls with a mean age of 14.6 and 14.4 years, respectively. Outcome variables of interest were isometric IR and ER strength, ABD strength, eccER shoulder strength, intermuscular strength ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR, IR ROM, ER ROM, and total range of motion (TROM). A General Linear Model two-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in sex, age, and level of play. The findings of this study demonstrated age, side, and sex differences in the shoulder isometric strength, the eccER strength and ROM in adolescent competitive tennis players. Furthermore, when strength was expressed as ratios ER/IR and eccER/IR both sexes showed a lower ratio for eccER/IR in national players (0.95 ± 0.22 and 0.95 ± 0.23) compared to regional players (1.01 ± 0.32 and 1.07 ± 0.29) for male and female players, respectively. In conclusion, this paper presents a tennis-specific normative database for shoulder rotation strength and ROM in adolescent male and female competitive players. The key points in this evaluation are strength values normalized to body mass, intermuscular ratios, and TROM.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals.

[Resumen] Introducción. El tenis constituye uno de los deportes que goza de mayor popularidad y se encuentra más extendido por todo el mundo. Como todos los deportes, implica una serie de exigencias al sistema neuromusculoesquelético, pudiendo provocar lesiones. Las lesiones en el hombro se encuentran entre las que más frecuentemente y con mayor impacto afectan a los tenistas. Existe cierto consenso a nivel científico sobre la necesidad de investigar en el ámbito de la prevención primaria, sin embargo, hay un vacío en cuanto a evidencia disponible. Por ello, se plantea un proyecto de investigación en este campo. Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico preventivo para reducir la incidencia lesional en el hombro entre tenistas jóvenes así como sobre sus factores de riesgo. Material y método. En el presente proyecto de investigación se plantea un estudio analítico a modo de ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, en el que los participantes se dividirán en un grupo control y un grupo intervención que seguirá de forma supervisada el plan de ejercicio terapéutico preventivo basado en ejercicios de flexibilización, fortalecimiento de la musculatura implicada en la cadena cinética implicada en el tenis, y trabajo pliométrico de la extremidad inferior. La intervención tendrá una duración total de 6 meses, realizándose de forma previa a la práctica tenística y con una frecuencia mínima de 2 veces por semana. Durante este periodo de tiempo el grupo intervención realizará el programa de ejercicio terapéutico en los 15 minutos previos al entrenamiento. Por su parte, el grupo de control seguirá con su pauta habitual de calentamiento. Desde el inicio del programa y durante 20 meses se realizará un seguimiento de la incidencia lesional con el OSTRC, calculando la incidencia lesional por cada 1000 horas de práctica deportiva. Adicionalmente, se evaluarán los efectos del programa sobre la fuerza isométrica de rotación externa de hombro, la ratio de, [Abstract] Background. Tennis is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world. Like all sports, it places a number of demands on the neuromusculoskeletal system and can lead to injuries. Shoulder injuries are among the most common and most impactful injuries affecting tennis players. There is a certain scientific consensus on the need for research in the field of primary prevention, however, there is a gap in terms of evidence. Therefore, a research project in this field is proposed. Objetive. To determine the efficacy of a preventive therapeutic exercise programme in reducing the incidence of shoulder injuries among young tennis players and their risk factors. Methods. This research project proposes an analytical study in the form of a randomised controlled clinical trial, in which participants will be divided into a control group and an intervention group that will follow a supervised preventive therapeutic exercise plan based on flexibilization exercises, strengthening of the muscles involved in the kinetic chain involved in tennis, and plyometric work of the lower limb. The intervention will have a total duration of 6 months, carried out prior to tennis practice and with a minimum frequency of twice a week. During this period of time, the intervention group will carry out the therapeutic exercise programme in the 15 minutes prior to training. For its part, the control group will continue with its usual warm-up routine. From the start of the programme and for 20 months, injury incidence will be monitored with the OSTRC, calculating injury incidence per 1000 hours of sports practice. Additionally, the effects of the programme on shoulder isometric external rotation strength, shoulder external rotation/internal rotation strength ratio, ranges of motion of the shoulder joint, shoulder dynamic stability, sports performance, force transmission through the kinetic chain, and adherence and satisfaction with the programme will be evaluated.