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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur AI gestaltas i tidningarna Resumé och Dagens Media som är inriktade på media- och kommunikation. Detta uppnås genom att studera tidningarnas artiklar om AI. Studien undersöker vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i artiklarna och om tidningarna uppfyller UNESCO:s riktlinjer om hur journalister bör rapportera om AI. De gestaltningar som undersöks är sociala framsteg, Pandora´s box, ekonomisk utveckling/konkurrenskraft, utfallsframe och tidsperspektiv. Det undersöks även hur ofta AI ersätter syssla förekommer. De riktlinjer från UNESCO som undersöktes var AI:s begränsningar, det mänskliga arbetet, land, andra röster, suggestiva bilder och miljöaspekter. Det teoretiska ramverk som studien bygger på är gestaltningsteorin och teknologisk determinism. Studiens resultat visar att Resumé och Dagens Media Resumé tenderar att skildra AI som eftersträvansvärt genom att beskriva konsekvenserna av att använda AI som något läsaren vinner på. AI gestaltas även som en teknik som, helt eller delvis, kommer ersätta sysslor och arbetsuppgifter i mediabranschen. De variabler som kommer från UNESCO:s riktlinjer förekommer generellt sätt mindre. Resultatet visar att tidningarna skildrar AI som en teknik som utvecklas av sig själv, inte går att kontrollera, har få begränsningar, inte får mycket kritik, inte påverkar miljön och kan likställas med en människa. Således anammar de teorin teknologisk determinism, och i synnerhet de typer som kallas justificatory och normative., The purpose of this study is to examine how AI is framed in Swedish news media oriented toward media and communication. This is achieved by studying the magazines Resumé and Dagens Media´s articles about AI. This study examines which frames can be found in the articles and if the magazines manage to fulfill recommended guidelines created by UNESCO on how journalists should report on AI. The frames that are examined are social progress, Pandora´s box, economic development/competitiveness, outcome frame and temporal frame. It is also examined how often AI replaces a task. The UNESCO guidelines that are examined are the limitations of AI, the human labor behind AI, country, other voices, suggestive images and environmental aspects. The theoretical frameworks the study is built upon are framing theory and technological determinism. The study´s results show that Resumé and Dagens Media tend to portray AI as something desirable by describing the consequences of using AI as something the reader will benefit from. AI is also portrayed as a technology that will, completely or partially, replace tasks within the media industry. The variables that derive from the UNESCO guidelines generally occur less. The result shows that the magazines portray AI as a technology that can evolve by itself, cannot be controlled, have few limitations, does not get much critique, does not affect the environment, and can be equated with a human being. Therefore, the theory technological determinism is applied by the magazines, especially the types that are called justificatory and normative.

This paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology-deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path., QC 20240531

This paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology-deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path., QC 20240531

This paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology-deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path., QC 20240531

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur AI gestaltas i tidningarna Resumé och Dagens Media som är inriktade på media- och kommunikation. Detta uppnås genom att studera tidningarnas artiklar om AI. Studien undersöker vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i artiklarna och om tidningarna uppfyller UNESCO:s riktlinjer om hur journalister bör rapportera om AI. De gestaltningar som undersöks är sociala framsteg, Pandora´s box, ekonomisk utveckling/konkurrenskraft, utfallsframe och tidsperspektiv. Det undersöks även hur ofta AI ersätter syssla förekommer. De riktlinjer från UNESCO som undersöktes var AI:s begränsningar, det mänskliga arbetet, land, andra röster, suggestiva bilder och miljöaspekter. Det teoretiska ramverk som studien bygger på är gestaltningsteorin och teknologisk determinism. Studiens resultat visar att Resumé och Dagens Media Resumé tenderar att skildra AI som eftersträvansvärt genom att beskriva konsekvenserna av att använda AI som något läsaren vinner på. AI gestaltas även som en teknik som, helt eller delvis, kommer ersätta sysslor och arbetsuppgifter i mediabranschen. De variabler som kommer från UNESCO:s riktlinjer förekommer generellt sätt mindre. Resultatet visar att tidningarna skildrar AI som en teknik som utvecklas av sig själv, inte går att kontrollera, har få begränsningar, inte får mycket kritik, inte påverkar miljön och kan likställas med en människa. Således anammar de teorin teknologisk determinism, och i synnerhet de typer som kallas justificatory och normative., The purpose of this study is to examine how AI is framed in Swedish news media oriented toward media and communication. This is achieved by studying the magazines Resumé and Dagens Media´s articles about AI. This study examines which frames can be found in the articles and if the magazines manage to fulfill recommended guidelines created by UNESCO on how journalists should report on AI. The frames that are examined are social progress, Pandora´s box, economic development/competitiveness, outcome frame and temporal frame. It is also examined how often AI replaces a task. The UNESCO guidelines that are examined are the limitations of AI, the human labor behind AI, country, other voices, suggestive images and environmental aspects. The theoretical frameworks the study is built upon are framing theory and technological determinism. The study´s results show that Resumé and Dagens Media tend to portray AI as something desirable by describing the consequences of using AI as something the reader will benefit from. AI is also portrayed as a technology that will, completely or partially, replace tasks within the media industry. The variables that derive from the UNESCO guidelines generally occur less. The result shows that the magazines portray AI as a technology that can evolve by itself, cannot be controlled, have few limitations, does not get much critique, does not affect the environment, and can be equated with a human being. Therefore, the theory technological determinism is applied by the magazines, especially the types that are called justificatory and normative.

Introduction:In recent years, the characterization of the X/Y/Z generation has been used almost continuously in both popular thought and discourse and in academic literature. According to this conceptualization, generational difference is accepted as the primary determinant of social and political transformation. Theoretically and methodologically, studies that focus on the ways in which generations use communication technologies should be seen in relation to the American positivist research tradition that began and grew in the 1930s. The other pillar of these studies can be seen as based on the work of Marshall McLuhan, which came to the fore in the late 1950s. Another cornerstone of these studies should not be overlooked in relation to the arguments of postmodern theory, which proclaims the death of class, based on the assumption that it is not possible to perceive and change the world holistically in the 1960s. Methodology:This study presents a theoretical and methodological critique of studies that focus on the relationship between society/youth segments defined as Generation X/Y/Z and digital communication technologies. As a qualitative and explanatory research, this study has tried to prove that the dominant communication research/microscopic research, technological determinism, and postmodern theory are grounded on the same level. Results:The results of this study demonstrate that the characterization of the X/Y/Z generations as the primary determinants of social and political transformation should be viewed in the context of the American positivist research tradition, the work of MarshallMcLuhan, and the arguments of postmodern theory. Furthermore, it is argued that these approaches share similar methodological and theoretical foundations in relation to communication research and digital communication technologies. Conclusions:In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the historical and theoretical context in which the characterizati, Introducción: En los últimos años, la caracterización de las generaciones X, Y y Z ha sido ampliamente utilizada tanto en el pensamiento popular como en la literatura académica. En esta conceptualización, se acepta que las diferencias generacionales son el principal determinante de la transformación social y política. Este enfoque se relaciona teórica y metodológicamente con la tradición de investigación positivista estadounidense que se originó y creció en la década de 1930. Además, se basa en el trabajo de Marshall McLuhan, que cobró relevancia a finales de la década de 1950, y en los argumentos de la teoría posmoderna, que proclama la muerte de la clase en la década de 1960, basándose en la premisa de que no es posible percibir y cambiar el mundo de manera holística. Metodología: Este estudio se presenta como una crítica teórica y metodológica de las investigaciones que se centran en la relación entre la sociedad y los segmentos juveniles definidos como Generación X, Y y Z, y las tecnologías de comunicación digital. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa y explicativa que ha buscado demostrar que la investigación dominante en comunicación, la investigación microscópica, el determinismo tecnológico y la teoría posmoderna están fundamentados en el mismo nivel. Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto que la caracterización de las generaciones X, Y y Z como determinantes principales de la transformación social y política debe ser vista en el contexto de la tradición positivista estadounidense, el trabajo de Marshall McLuhan y los argumentos de la teoría posmoderna. Además, se argumenta que estos enfoques comparten fundamentos metodológicos y teóricos similares en relación con la investigación en comunicación y las tecnologías de la comunicación digital. Conclusiones: En conclusión, este estudio destaca la importancia de considerar el contexto histórico y teórico en el que se enmarca la caracterización de las generaciones X, Y y Z. Se evidenc

This paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology-deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path., QC 20240531

This paper explores reskilling, appearing both as a practice and a signifier in social media. By investigating reskilling narratives, this paper describes origins, actors and relation to skill. It contributes by first suggesting that reskilling is a process rather than a specific training form or about specific skill content. Second, individuals and organisations are simultaneously and paradoxically sold reskilling, but their interests do not always align. On social media, reskilling stands as a corporate (and societal) signifier of action as well as an opportunity for advertising employer brands. Third, through a technology-deterministic frame, reskilling can be understood as a signifier of optimism, that is, turning pessimism in the shape of possible displacement into optimism where society, organisations and people may ‘keep up’ with technological change. Thus, reskilling can be understood to materialise optimism, and that optimism is an attempt at the restoration of human agency on an inevitabilist path., QC 20240531

The subject of this article is the phenomenon of phubbing – a new social behavior resulting from the widespread use of modern technologies and online media in everyday life. In the author’s opinion, this phenomenon is an extremely useful exemplification of the consequences of the development of modern mass media technologies and their impact on society, referred in the literature as mediatization. The aim of the text is to collect and present knowledge about phubbing based on a query of sources from various disciplines of social sciences. The phenomenon is interdisciplinary in nature and attracts the attention of psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, communication researchers and representatives of other fields. The article answers research questions about the definition of phubbing, its types, causes and consequences of this phenomenon – in the social context and taking into account the sphere of political communication. The text is also an attempt to place phubbing in a broader context of changes caused by the mediatization of social life, which, in the face of the development and popularization of online media, plays an increasingly important role in political communication., Przedmiotem analizy podjętej w tekście jest zjawisko phubbingu – nowy fenomen behawioralny wynikający z powszechności wykorzystywania nowoczesnych technologii i mediów online w codziennym życiu. Zjawisko to w przekonaniu Autora stanowi niezwykle użyteczną egzemplifikację wpływu rozwoju technologii współczesnych mediów masowych na odbiorców, które – zgodnie z założeniami determinizmu technologicznego zmieniają użytkowników, ich relacje społeczne i instytucjonalne w procesie określanym w literaturze jako mediatyzacja. Celem tekstu jest poddanie analizie zjawiska phubbingu w oparciu o metodę kwerendy źródeł naukowych. Omawiane zjawisko ma bowiem charakter interdyscyplinarny i przyciąga uwagę psychologów, socjologów, badaczy komunikowania, politologów oraz przedstawicieli innych dziedzin. Artykuł w treści odpowiada na pytania badawcze o definicję phubbingu, jego rodzaje, przyczyny oraz konsekwencje tego zjawiska – w kontekście społecznym oraz z uwzględnieniem sfery komunikowania politycznego. Tekst jest również próbą osadzenia phubbingu w szerszym kontekście przemian wywoływanych przez mediatyzację życia społecznego, która w obliczu rozwoju i popularyzacji mediów online odgrywa coraz istotniejszą rolę w komunikowaniu politycznym.

The article aims to conduct a historical review, with hermeneutical purposes, to discuss two relevant contributions to the development of a science and the establishment of a metadiscipline, whose significance and meaning were recognized belatedly. The first contribution we will address lies within the realm of communication studies, while the second one pertains to the realm of media ecology. In the first part, we highlight that Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), a seminal figure in media ecology, contributed to the recognition of media studies and communication studies within the scientific imagination by rejecting sociological determinism. In the second part, we refer to the fact that media ecology, the complex metadiscipline that emerged from McLuhan and Neil Postman's intellectual pursuits, focuses on analyzing the impact of technologies on cultural environments in societies throughout history. This field significantly expanded its conceptual framework by rediscovering general semantics, whose epistemological foundations were established by Alfred Korzybski in 1934., El artículo tiene el objetivo de realizar una revisión histórica, con propósitos hermenéuticos, con la finalidad de referir dos relevantes contribuciones al desarrollo de una ciencia y al desarrollo de una metadisciplina, cuya relevancia y significado fueron advertidas de manera tardía. La primera de la cual nos ocuparemos se ubica en el plano de la comunicología; la segunda, en el imaginario de la ecología de los medios. En la primera, destacamos que Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), principal referente seminal en la ecología de los medios, al rechazar el determinismo sociologizante contribuyó a instalar al estudio de los medios de comunicación y a la comunicología en el imaginario científico. En la segunda parte referirmos que la ecología de los medios, -la compleja metadisciplina que derivó de búsqueda intectual de McLuhan y Neil Postman- que se ocupa de analizar el impacto de las tecnologías en los ambientes culturales en las sociedades a través de la historia, extendió significativamente su aparato reflexivo al redescubrir la semántica general, cuyos fundamententos epistemológicos fueron establecidos por Alfred Korzybski en 1934.

Este artículo pretende formalizar un dilema moral relativo a la frecuencia, medida y condiciones que han de determinar la decisión de refaccionar o sustituir la base tecnológica sobre la que desplegamos una actividad o conjunto de acciones. Se le denominará dilema de la alteridad tecnológica, por cuanto implica un ethosque llama a la apertura a otro conjunto posible de tecnologías. Se trata de un dilema, en primer lugar, debido a que el despliegue potencial de una acción confrontaría siempre dos realidades: la acción a través de la base tecnológica actual, o bien, de una nueva que puede ser pensada e implementada. Lo es también, porque su solución responde a condiciones específicas del contexto en que el dilema aparece (una empresa en riesgo de quiebra enfrenta el dilema de forma distinta a una corporación académica que desea mejorar la difusión de su saber entre los ciudadanos). Se intentará fundamentar el dilema recurriendo a: 1) la hipótesis del determinismo tecnológico, 2) la teoría de sesgos cognitivos y 3) el concepto de alteridad (otredad). El sesgo cognitivo, recogido de la psicología, permitirá sostener desde un punto de vista empírico un determinismo tecnológico “suave”, según el cual la tecnología presupone una determinación en la forma de sesgo,pero que es posible contrarrestar elaborando estrategias de evasión, con lo cual la responsabilidad moral del sujeto frente a un acervo o conjunto de tecnologías resultaría en cualquier caso indefectible., This article aims to formalize a moral dilemma regarding the frequency, measurement, and conditions that must determine the decision to refurbish or replace the technological base on which we deploy an activity or set of actions. It will be called the dilemma of technological otherness, since it involves an ethosthat calls for openness to another possible set of technologies. It is a dilemma, firstly, because the potential deployment of an action would always confront two realities: the action through the current technological base, or a new one that can be thought out and implemented. It is also a dilemma because its solution responds to specific conditions of the context in which the dilemma appears (a company facing bankruptcy would face the dilemma differently than an academic corporation that wants to improve the dissemination of its knowledge among citizens). The article will attempt to substantiate the dilemma by resorting to: 1) the hypothesis of technological determinism, 2) the theory of cognitive biases, and 3) the concept of alterity (otherness). The cognitive bias, taken from psychology, will allow us to support, from an empirical point of view, a “soft” technological determinism, according to which technology presupposes a determination in the form of a bias, but which can be countered by developing evasion strategies, so that the moral responsibility of the subject facing a set or collection of technologies would be indefectible in any case.

‘Noise’ has played an increasingly prominent role in contemporary art making. Composers, popular musicians, and improvisers have long employed noise as both subversion and assertion of musical expression. Additionally, film makers and visual artists have adopted noisy practices to dissolve form, identity and meaning. Such aesthetic approaches to music and art making prompt us to question and re engage with our experience of the world in different ways. Additionally, the use of noise often involves the development of new ways of conceiving of and using technology associated within a given medium. This thesis interrogates the use and meaning of noise within the context of the author’s practice of improvising music with the drum kit and synthesis. It also examines the turn of this electro-acoustic practice toward the inclusion of a visual component. In doing so, the thesis questions the determinism of the technology employed within the practice through an ontological consideration of noise as vibratory, temporal phenomenon, and as source of indeterminacy. The investigation is initially parsed through Heideggerian perceptual and ontological categories, with a focus on the idea of ‘focal practices’. These ontological categories are then contrasted and advanced in light of Attali’s structuralist notions of noise with particular reference to his codes of ‘repeating’ and ‘composing’. The resulting insights and ideas are then employed in the critique of the practice-led research completed alongside the thesis, including the creation of installed, site specific, audio and audio / visual works. Throughout the thesis, the discussion advances the understanding of how ‘focal’ engagements with technology – those that seek to reduce its dehumanising potential – may allow for richer engagements between sound, noise, and place, and with human being-in-the-world more generally. To conclude, further possibilities and implications for arts practice, production, and reception are introdu

The use of communication technologies has brought changes to our daily ways of doing things. Youth use technology for different purposes at different locations. As technology grows everyday with various advantages, its benefits come along with some disadvantages. Road accidents are one of the major problems that South Africa experiences. The focus of this study was to explore the danger of texting and driving and its potentials for road accidents. This research focused on the negative impact of technology, mainly technological distraction, while driving. Broadly, this research looks at the social and cultural impact of texting and mobility, with specific focus on distracted driving. This study is significant in the social analysis of technology use and distraction; this significance is made more important considering that there is very limited study of this social issue in South Africa. The always-available communication culture (such as texting while driving) should be viewed as a problematic phenomenal. For data collection, the researcher conducted a survey with adults and youth drivers to explore the perceptions and attitudes of drivers towards cell phone use, texting and driving. The researcher also conducted roadside observations of drivers to investigate the occurrence of distracted driving due to technology use, and interviews were conducted with Traffic Officers to share their professional experience on observing incidences of texting and driving. The study reveals that technology use, texting and driving is a common problem among young drivers, while adults tend to be more careful and engage less in this activity. Aspect of the findings of the study shows that 60% of drivers report that they have sent a text while driving. Moreover, the study explores ways of curbing cell phone use texting and driving on South African roads. There should be more research on distracted driving and technology use, so that more suggestions on how to curb technology use while d

In this article I will analyse some points of convergence between transhumanist philosophy and contemporary philosophical criticism of anthropocentrism. For this I will distinguish between a type of strong and weak (or moderate) normative program in transhumanism. The central argument is that the strong normativity in the transhumanist discourse, assuming that it is possible to select exclusively the "properly human" characteristics to be conserved in the post-human stage, is based on a pre-Darwinian conception of the human species, which has ethical and epistemological implications., En este artículo analizaré algunos puntos de convergencia entre la filosofía transhumanista y la crítica filosófica contemporánea al antropocentrismo. Para ello distinguiré entre un tipo de programa normativo fuerte y uno débil (o moderado) en el transhumanismo. El argumento central reside en que la normatividad fuerte en el discurso transhumanista, al suponer que es posible seleccionar exclusivamente las características “propiamente humanas” para ser conservadas en el estadio post-humano, se basa en una concepción pre-darwiniana de la especie humana, lo cual posee implicancias tanto epistemológicas como éticas.

Despite the rapid development in technology that enables metal music producers today to create “perfect” sound mixes, many bands, artists and producers choose to make their creations sound old or “retro”. A song is created for this study and mixed in two different ways, one with a more“retro” direction and the other with a more “modern” direction. Five respondents were then made to listen to both mixes and were interviewed on what they thought of each respective mix and why they think retro culture is so prevalent today. The data gathered from the interviews show that the respondents describe retro mixes as dirty, saturated and raw while they described modern mixes as clean, hi-fi and overly compressed. The respondents associate old sounding mixes to authenticity, genuinity and honesty but don’t describe modern mixes as fake or dishonest. The respondents comment that the streamlined nature of music production today leads to very uniform sounding mixes and the abundance of similar sounding mixes creates a demand for more honest, authentic and genuine music. The respondents claim that retro culture would not be possible without the aid of modern technology.

Despite the rapid development in technology that enables metal music producers today to create “perfect” sound mixes, many bands, artists and producers choose to make their creations sound old or “retro”. A song is created for this study and mixed in two different ways, one with a more“retro” direction and the other with a more “modern” direction. Five respondents were then made to listen to both mixes and were interviewed on what they thought of each respective mix and why they think retro culture is so prevalent today. The data gathered from the interviews show that the respondents describe retro mixes as dirty, saturated and raw while they described modern mixes as clean, hi-fi and overly compressed. The respondents associate old sounding mixes to authenticity, genuinity and honesty but don’t describe modern mixes as fake or dishonest. The respondents comment that the streamlined nature of music production today leads to very uniform sounding mixes and the abundance of similar sounding mixes creates a demand for more honest, authentic and genuine music. The respondents claim that retro culture would not be possible without the aid of modern technology.

In this article I will analyse some points of convergence between transhumanist philosophy and contemporary philosophical criticism of anthropocentrism. For this I will distinguish between a type of strong and weak (or moderate) normative program in transhumanism. The central argument is that the strong normativity in the transhumanist discourse, assuming that it is possible to select exclusively the "properly human" characteristics to be conserved in the post-human stage, is based on a pre-Darwinian conception of the human species, which has ethical and epistemological implications., En este artículo analizaré algunos puntos de convergencia entre la filosofía transhumanista y la crítica filosófica contemporánea al antropocentrismo. Para ello distinguiré entre un tipo de programa normativo fuerte y uno débil (o moderado) en el transhumanismo. El argumento central reside en que la normatividad fuerte en el discurso transhumanista, al suponer que es posible seleccionar exclusivamente las características “propiamente humanas” para ser conservadas en el estadio post-humano, se basa en una concepción pre-darwiniana de la especie humana, lo cual posee implicancias tanto epistemológicas como éticas.

Purpose: The innovation pyramid presented in this paper ranks innovation types in terms of their capacity to provide organizations with a long-term commercialization advantage. Design/methodology/approach: It is based on ten years of studying different types of innovation and helping hundreds of groups of MBA and Master students apply these insights to hundreds of organizations in different industries. Findings: The innovation pyramid provides organizational leaders with a powerful heuristic to organize their strategic innovation priorities, in terms of aligning and committing organizational innovation efforts. Practical implications: To help organizational leaders, this paper illustrates each innovation type with clarifying examples of a variety of well-known firms. Originality/value: The pyramid provides an antidote to the technological determinism and confusing use of innovation jargon, both of which over-promise disruptive and radical performance effects. Instead, it offers clarity and succinctness of purpose both in terms of aligning and committing to innovation efforts and priorities., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Three philosophical perspectives on the relation between technology and society are distinguished and discussed: 1) technology as an autonomous force that determines society; 2) technology as a human construct that can be shaped by human values, and 3) a co-evolutionary perspective on technology and society where neither of them determines the other. The historical evolution of the three perspectives is discussed and it is argued that all three are still present in current debates about technological change and how it may affect society. This is illustrated for the case of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is argued that each of the three perspectives contributes to the debate of AI but that the third has the strongest potential to uncover blind spots in the current debate., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Values Technology and Innovation

Three philosophical perspectives on the relation between technology and society are distinguished and discussed: 1) technology as an autonomous force that determines society; 2) technology as a human construct that can be shaped by human values, and 3) a co-evolutionary perspective on technology and society where neither of them determines the other. The historical evolution of the three perspectives is discussed and it is argued that all three are still present in current debates about technological change and how it may affect society. This is illustrated for the case of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is argued that each of the three perspectives contributes to the debate of AI but that the third has the strongest potential to uncover blind spots in the current debate., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Values Technology and Innovation

Blockchain is a new way to organize, process and share data; it is a distributed ledger that facilitates the secure and private exchange of digital assets and content types without the need for intermediaries, thus revolutionizing all sectors involving the use of databases. This first systematic study of blockchain as a technological imaginary empirically assesses the media framing of this emerging technology in the Arab world and juxtaposes it to the perceptions of blockchain professionals in the region. The researcher uses a mixed methods approach consisting of quantitative and qualitative techniques; a quantitative content analysis of the online versions of fifty-two mainstream online Arab newspapers from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and UAE from 2017 to 2019 is conducted; five hundred news articles published over a period of three years are collected, read and coded according to four frame dimensions identified in earlier studies; presentation, subtopics, cognitive attributes and affective attributes. Semi-structured interviews with thirty blockchain professionals followed by a thematic analysis are used to add depth to the data. This dissertation offers insights into the degree to which Arab media institutions understand blockchain as a concept and insights on the region’s readiness for adaptation; it concludes that the coverage of blockchain in online Arab press is predominantly positive. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the media coverage between the studied countries which are reflected in the amount of coverage, subtopics, applications and tone. There is a significant association between specific applications and the tone. There is also a significant association between certain subtopics and the tone. Blockchain Professional perspectives vary on the characteristics and role of the media in covering the topic. Coverage of blockchain in the Arab region is perceived as a reflection of the interest and technological understanding of Arab

En las últimas décadas, la difusión de la digitalización ha transformado los procesos de participación política y movilización ciudadana de formas diversas e inesperadas. Frente a lo esperado inicialmente, las consecuencias de la tecnologización del campo político han sido muy complejas. Las mayores innovaciones han tenido lugar en el espacio de la participación política no convencional, a través de un conjunto de intervenciones mediadas tecnológicamente llenas de claroscuros. Este artículo ofrece una muestra de algunas de las prácticas políticas digitales emergentes que han aparecido en los últimos años. El objetivo no es posicionarse en un debate sobre diagnósticos o valoraciones morales sino cartografiar las herramientas digitales para la participación política sin caer en una perspectiva tecnodeterminista, conciliadora o celebratoria. Más bien aspira a analizar distintos modelos de intervención, tanto los exitosos como los fracasados, ubicándolos en su contexto histórico y evaluando sus fortalezas y debilidades., In recent decades, the spread of digitalization has transformed the processes of political participation and citizen mobilization in diverse and unexpected ways. Contrary to what was initially expected, the consequences of the technologization of the political field have been very complex. The greatest innovations have taken place in the space of unconventional political participation, through a set of technologically mediated interventions full of light and shadows. This article offers a sample of some of the emerging digital political practices that have appeared in recent years. The objective is not to position oneself in a debate about diagnoses or moral evaluations but to map the digital tools for political participation without falling into a techno-deterministic, conciliatory or celebratory perspective. Rather, it aims to analyze different intervention models, both successful and unsuccessful, placing them in their historical context and assessing their strengths and weaknesses., Depto. de Sociología: Metodología y Teoría, Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, TRUE, pub

As a post-secondary instructor, I wondered what elements constitute effective university teaching and whether they were being employed within the Integrated Management Experience (IME) program. In addition, I was aware of the impact of technology at a societal level and wanted to examine its influence on adult students’ abilities to successfully transition into the 21st century workforce. The review of literature revealed that the teaching strategies linked with helping students deeply learn promoted conceptual understanding, critical thinking, experiential learning, and internalization. I then reviewed data from the IME program to assess the degree to which each teaching strategy was implemented. Each was found to be embedded within the IME program. Data revealed that students believed they were prepared for work experiences they may face once they left the program, and to adapt to technological determinism’s impact on their environment.

In recent decades, the spread of digitalization has transformed the processes of political participation and citizen mobilization in diverse and unexpected ways. Contrary to what was initially expected, the consequences of the technologization of the political field have been very complex. The greatest innovations have taken place in the space of unconventional political participation, through a set of technologically mediated interventions full of light and shadows. This article offers a sample of some of the emerging digital political practices that have appeared in recent years. The objective is not to position oneself in a debate about diagnoses or moral evaluations but to map the digital tools for political participation without falling into a techno-deterministic, conciliatory or celebratory perspective. Rather, it aims to analyze different intervention models, both successful and unsuccessful, placing them in their historical context and assessing their strengths and weaknesses., En las últimas décadas, la difusión de la digitalización ha transformado los procesos de participación política y movilización ciudadana de formas diversas e inesperadas. Frente a lo esperado inicialmente, las consecuencias de la tecnologización del campo político han sido muy complejas. Las mayores innovaciones han tenido lugar en el espacio de la participación política no convencional, a través de un conjunto de intervenciones mediadas tecnológicamente llenas de claroscuros. Este artículo ofrece  una muestra de algunas de las prácticas políticas digitales emergentes que han aparecido en los últimos años. El objetivo no es posicionarse en un debate sobre diagnósticos o valoraciones morales sino cartografiar las herramientas digitales para la participación política sin caer en una perspectiva tecnodeterminista, conciliadora o celebratoria. Más bien aspira a analizar distintos modelos de intervención, tanto los exitosos como los fracasados, ubicándolos en su contexto histórico y evaluando sus fortalezas y debilidades.

As a post-secondary instructor, I wondered what elements constitute effective university teaching and whether they were being employed within the Integrated Management Experience (IME) program. In addition, I was aware of the impact of technology at a societal level and wanted to examine its influence on adult students’ abilities to successfully transition into the 21st century workforce. The review of literature revealed that the teaching strategies linked with helping students deeply learn promoted conceptual understanding, critical thinking, experiential learning, and internalization. I then reviewed data from the IME program to assess the degree to which each teaching strategy was implemented. Each was found to be embedded within the IME program. Data revealed that students believed they were prepared for work experiences they may face once they left the program, and to adapt to technological determinism’s impact on their environment.

Based on the observation that currently there is identification between technological irreversibility and technological inevitability —an identification that denies the possibility of constructing alternatives to what already exists—, this paper argues that this framework is not accurate and that such a construction requires a reflexive discussion regarding new practices in engineering education. This is essential to prompt social concern among science and technology students and face the challenges of climate change, inequality and the antidemocratic drift in the application of information and communication technologies., A partir da constatação de que está ocorrendo uma identificação entre irreversibilidade tecnológica e inevitabilidade tecnológica — isto é, a negação da possibilidade de construir alternativas ao que existe —, este trabalho argumenta que isso não é assim e que tal construção precisa de uma discussão reflexiva de novas práticas no ensino da engenharia. Isso é fundamental para estimular uma preocupação social entre os alunos das áreas científicotécnicas que ajude a enfrentar os desafios da mudança climática, da desigualdade e da deriva antidemocrática na aplicação da informática., A partir de la constatación de que se está produciendo una identificación entre irreversibilidad tecnológica e inevitabilidad tecnológica —es decir, la negación de la posibilidad de construir alternativas a lo que existe—, este trabajo argumenta que ello no es así y que dicha construcción requiere una discusión reflexiva de nuevas prácticas en la enseñanza de la ingeniería. Ello es imprescindible para estimular una preocupación social entre estudiantes de vertientes científicotécnicas que ayude a enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático, de la desigualdad y de la deriva antidemocrática en la aplicación de la informática.

Based on the observation that currently there is identification between technological irreversibility and technological inevitability —an identification that denies the possibility of constructing alternatives to what already exists—, this paper argues that this framework is not accurate and that such a construction requires a reflexive discussion regarding new practices in engineering education. This is essential to prompt social concern among science and technology students and face the challenges of climate change, inequality and the antidemocratic drift in the application of information and communication technologies., A partir da constatação de que está ocorrendo uma identificação entre irreversibilidade tecnológica e inevitabilidade tecnológica — isto é, a negação da possibilidade de construir alternativas ao que existe —, este trabalho argumenta que isso não é assim e que tal construção precisa de uma discussão reflexiva de novas práticas no ensino da engenharia. Isso é fundamental para estimular uma preocupação social entre os alunos das áreas científicotécnicas que ajude a enfrentar os desafios da mudança climática, da desigualdade e da deriva antidemocrática na aplicação da informática., A partir de la constatación de que se está produciendo una identificación entre irreversibilidad tecnológica e inevitabilidad tecnológica —es decir, la negación de la posibilidad de construir alternativas a lo que existe—, este trabajo argumenta que ello no es así y que dicha construcción requiere una discusión reflexiva de nuevas prácticas en la enseñanza de la ingeniería. Ello es imprescindible para estimular una preocupación social entre estudiantes de vertientes científicotécnicas que ayude a enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático, de la desigualdad y de la deriva antidemocrática en la aplicación de la informática.

This practice-led qualitative research investigates the relationship between digital artwork and determination. Technology has emerged as a problem for art. Identified with technological determinism, problem solving and scientific privilege, discussions of technology in art such as that proffered by Mark Titmarsh and the earlier New Tendencies movement emphasise technology’s social and cultural effects and its creation of structures and frameworks that tend to emphasise its power. A hybrid term, Un Determination, arising from the practical research component of this thesis, questions these strategies for creating digital art work suggests that the role of technology is not so clearly defined. This thesis consists of a written dissertation plus artworks made during the research period and exhibited at VCA Artspace 1, University of Melbourne in December 2019. This project asks in what ways can Un Determination reveal the negotiation of determination by digital artwork, and proposes that Un Determination is a useful, nuanced framework for encouraging future analysis and artworks. Phenomena that emerged from preparatory research and Selfie Video (2019), Selfie Cloud (2018), are used as case studies in discussion of Un Determination during a period of making, researching and contemplation. The exhibition consists of a video of a virtual model of the artist in her studio, and three large scale works each consisting of thirty black acrylic panels hand-printed with white ink. Given the qualitative research methodology, the dissertation offers insights but no grand narrative – identifying new questions and directions for projects. It examines and refers to artists including New Tendencies, Thomas Ruff, Seth Price, Roger Caillois and Dana Schutz and theorists including Martin Heidegger and Donna Haraway. It is argued that Un Determination is a critical zone for examining digital artwork situated in a deterministic structure, departing from this paradigm. The dissertation firs

Based on the observation that currently there is identification between technological irreversibility and technological inevitability —an identification that denies the possibility of constructing alternatives to what already exists—, this paper argues that this framework is not accurate and that such a construction requires a reflexive discussion regarding new practices in engineering education. This is essential to prompt social concern among science and technology students and face the challenges of climate change, inequality and the antidemocratic drift in the application of information and communication technologies., A partir da constatação de que está ocorrendo uma identificação entre irreversibilidade tecnológica e inevitabilidade tecnológica — isto é, a negação da possibilidade de construir alternativas ao que existe —, este trabalho argumenta que isso não é assim e que tal construção precisa de uma discussão reflexiva de novas práticas no ensino da engenharia. Isso é fundamental para estimular uma preocupação social entre os alunos das áreas científicotécnicas que ajude a enfrentar os desafios da mudança climática, da desigualdade e da deriva antidemocrática na aplicação da informática., A partir de la constatación de que se está produciendo una identificación entre irreversibilidad tecnológica e inevitabilidad tecnológica —es decir, la negación de la posibilidad de construir alternativas a lo que existe—, este trabajo argumenta que ello no es así y que dicha construcción requiere una discusión reflexiva de nuevas prácticas en la enseñanza de la ingeniería. Ello es imprescindible para estimular una preocupación social entre estudiantes de vertientes científicotécnicas que ayude a enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático, de la desigualdad y de la deriva antidemocrática en la aplicación de la informática.

As a post-secondary instructor, I wondered what elements constitute effective university teaching and whether they were being employed within the Integrated Management Experience (IME) program. In addition, I was aware of the impact of technology at a societal level and wanted to examine its influence on adult students’ abilities to successfully transition into the 21st century workforce. The review of literature revealed that the teaching strategies linked with helping students deeply learn promoted conceptual understanding, critical thinking, experiential learning, and internalization. I then reviewed data from the IME program to assess the degree to which each teaching strategy was implemented. Each was found to be embedded within the IME program. Data revealed that students believed they were prepared for work experiences they may face once they left the program, and to adapt to technological determinism’s impact on their environment.

As a post-secondary instructor, I wondered what elements constitute effective university teaching and whether they were being employed within the Integrated Management Experience (IME) program. In addition, I was aware of the impact of technology at a societal level and wanted to examine its influence on adult students’ abilities to successfully transition into the 21st century workforce. The review of literature revealed that the teaching strategies linked with helping students deeply learn promoted conceptual understanding, critical thinking, experiential learning, and internalization. I then reviewed data from the IME program to assess the degree to which each teaching strategy was implemented. Each was found to be embedded within the IME program. Data revealed that students believed they were prepared for work experiences they may face once they left the program, and to adapt to technological determinism’s impact on their environment.

Based on the observation that currently there is identification between technological irreversibility and technological inevitability —an identification that denies the possibility of constructing alternatives to what already exists—, this paper argues that this framework is not accurate and that such a construction requires a reflexive discussion regarding new practices in engineering education. This is essential to prompt social concern among science and technology students and face the challenges of climate change, inequality and the antidemocratic drift in the application of information and communication technologies., A partir da constatação de que está ocorrendo uma identificação entre irreversibilidade tecnológica e inevitabilidade tecnológica — isto é, a negação da possibilidade de construir alternativas ao que existe —, este trabalho argumenta que isso não é assim e que tal construção precisa de uma discussão reflexiva de novas práticas no ensino da engenharia. Isso é fundamental para estimular uma preocupação social entre os alunos das áreas científicotécnicas que ajude a enfrentar os desafios da mudança climática, da desigualdade e da deriva antidemocrática na aplicação da informática., A partir de la constatación de que se está produciendo una identificación entre irreversibilidad tecnológica e inevitabilidad tecnológica —es decir, la negación de la posibilidad de construir alternativas a lo que existe—, este trabajo argumenta que ello no es así y que dicha construcción requiere una discusión reflexiva de nuevas prácticas en la enseñanza de la ingeniería. Ello es imprescindible para estimular una preocupación social entre estudiantes de vertientes científicotécnicas que ayude a enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático, de la desigualdad y de la deriva antidemocrática en la aplicación de la informática.

In recent decades, the spread of digitalization has transformed the processes of political participation and citizen mobilization in diverse and unexpected ways. Contrary to what was initially expected, the consequences of the technologization of the political field have been very complex. The greatest innovations have taken place in the space of unconventional political participation, through a set of technologically mediated interventions full of light and shadows. This article offers a sample of some of the emerging digital political practices that have appeared in recent years. The objective is not to position oneself in a debate about diagnoses or moral evaluations but to map the digital tools for political participation without falling into a techno-deterministic, conciliatory or celebratory perspective. Rather, it aims to analyze different intervention models, both successful and unsuccessful, placing them in their historical context and assessing their strengths and weaknesses., En las últimas décadas, la difusión de la digitalización ha transformado los procesos de participación política y movilización ciudadana de formas diversas e inesperadas. Frente a lo esperado inicialmente, las consecuencias de la tecnologización del campo político han sido muy complejas. Las mayores innovaciones han tenido lugar en el espacio de la participación política no convencional, a través de un conjunto de intervenciones mediadas tecnológicamente llenas de claroscuros. Este artículo ofrece  una muestra de algunas de las prácticas políticas digitales emergentes que han aparecido en los últimos años. El objetivo no es posicionarse en un debate sobre diagnósticos o valoraciones morales sino cartografiar las herramientas digitales para la participación política sin caer en una perspectiva tecnodeterminista, conciliadora o celebratoria. Más bien aspira a analizar distintos modelos de intervención, tanto los exitosos como los fracasados, ubicándolos en su contexto histórico y evaluando sus fortalezas y debilidades.

The aim of our master thesis is to investigate and compare which representations of digital development and digital exclusion are present in policy documents that affects public libraries. By interrogating these representations we intend to explore their origin and possible consequences for society and public libraries, as well as for the individual. As a background, we describe how concepts such as the digital divide, digital literacy, the information society and the knowledge society have been used and discussed. We argue that these concepts are built upon and stem from underlying assumptions that affect the notions of digital development and digital exclusion. Current policy documents at the national political level (from the Government), the national authority level (from the Royal Library) and the municipal political level (from public libraries) are analyzed by using Carol Bacchi's "What the Problem Represented to be?" (WPR) as a method and theoretical framework. WPR is a discourse analytical approach based on foucauldian strategies and concepts such as archeology, genealogy, governmentality and dividing practices. In our analysis, we answer WPR's six questions and make comparisons between the material types. We conclude that the material is characterized by technological determinism, where digital development is regarded as a driving force for societal development. To maintain legitimacy, libraries must adapt to this development. Digital development is described both as a positive force and a threat. This contradiction is also evident in the presentation of the library as both a defense against the threat of digital development, and a nostalgic stumbling block in relation to digital development. Users are represented as in need of the library for their own wellbeing and prosperity. This results in a displacement of power where the users ends up in a subordinate position in relation to the library. Digital exclusion is represented as a democratic problem and d

Innovation is an integral part of the major transformation in modern business. Modern managers are increasingly pushed from both in- and outside the organization to innovate their processes including products and services. Research typically investigates innovative processes from either a technology perspective or managerial mindset perspective, but rarely both. We argue that technology and mindset should be analyzed in combination, as they are fundamentally co-constitutive albeit with different levels of interaction. We categorize the levels of interaction in a two-by-two model, with the Y-axis representing levels of innovative technology and the X-axis representing levels of innovative mindset. This categorization leads to a theoretical framework, a Technology-Mindset Matrix that consists of four typical technology-mindset interactions. We show how each type leads to unique innovative outcomes, and label the four types; incremental innovation, radical technological innovation, radical mindset innovation, and revolutionary innovation. We illustrate each square with case examples. Furthermore, we discuss core B2B issues managers face when transforming their organizations by moving up from incremental to higher ranked modes of innovation.

Desde al menos las últimas tres décadas fragmentación se ha vuelto una palabra recurrente en discursos urbanos. Más allá de las diferentes acepciones que el término pueda tener y los usos que de él puedan hacerse, es evidente que existen manifestaciones físico-espaciales que han motivado la persistencia del debate acerca del carácter fragmentado de las metrópolis contemporáneas. Las nociones de "ciudad archipiélago", "ciudad partida", "cuarteada" (quartered city), "urbanismo astillado" (splintering urbanism), "metropolaridades", por citar sólo unas pocas, apuntan en una misma dirección: el reconocimiento de nuevas formas de separación, o la exacerbación de formas divisorias preexistentes, que en el período contemporáneo parecieran cobrar un creciente protagonismo en la forma y estructura de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas. Muy a menudo los términos "segregación" y "fragmentación" son utilizados intercambiadamente, como meros sinónimos, sin reparar en las especificidades de cada uno de estos conceptos. De este modo, ambas nociones son diluidas para denotar, genéricamente, algún tipo de separación o división en la ciudad. Sin embargo, si bien es evidente que tanto "fragmentación" como "segregación" intentan dilucidar fenómenos urbanos interrelacionados y frecuentemente simultáneos, su utilización más rigurosa y específica permite alumbrar diferentes facetas de estas cuestiones. El fin de este artículo es examinar el concepto de “fragmentación urbana”, a partir de una revisión del debate en torno a la idea de Splintering Urbanism de Graham y Marvin (2001), para apuntar al desarrollo de marcos teóricos específicos., ENGLISH: Over at least the last three decades fragmentation has become a recurring word in urban discourses. Beyond the different meanings that the term may have and the uses that can be made of it, it is clear that there are physical-spatial manifestations that have motivated the persistence of the debate about the fragmented nature of contemporary metropolises. The notions of "archipelago city", "partitioned city", "quartered city", "splintering urbanism", "metropolarities", to name but a few, point in the same direction: the recognition of new forms of separation, or the exacerbation of preexisting divisive forms that in the contemporary period seem to be increasingly prominent in the form and structure of cities and metropolitan regions. Very often the terms "segregation" and "fragmentation" are used interchangeably, as mere synonyms, disregarding the specificities of each of these concepts. In this way, both notions are diluted to denote, generically, some type of separation or division in the city. However, while it is clear that both "fragmentation" and "segregation" attempt to elucidate interrelated and often simultaneous urban phenomena, their more rigorous and specific use allows for different facets of these issues. The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of "urban fragmentation" from a review of the debate on the idea of Splintering Urbanism by Graham and Marvin (2001), to aim at the development of specific theoretical frameworks., Peer Reviewed

В истории учений о производственной деятельности известны ссылки представителей институционализма на предопределяющую роль технологии в жизни общества. В работе представлен новый взгляд на проблему технологического детерминизма. Обоснована необходимость овладения общим и в то же время самым существенным представлением о технологии. Изложены первые шаги в этом направлении, что позволило вскрыть сущность производственного процесса, технологии производства, а также детерминирующую взаимосвязь технологии со свойствами промышленных материалов и продукции, с экономикой производства, с перечнем и уровнем производственных затрат, с естествознанием, с уровнем благосостояния и развития общества. In the works of representatives of institutionalism on production activities references to predetermining character of technology in the life of society occur. In the article a new view on the problem of technological determinism is presented. Also necessity of mastering a general but at the same time the most essential idea of technology is substantiated. First steps in this direction are viewed, which made it possible to reveal the nature of the production process and production technology. The article also reveals predetermining interrelation of technology with the properties of the industrial materials and products, with production economics, with the list and level of production expenses, as well as with natural history, society’s standard of well-being and level of development.

An overview of historical development of economic thought in the context of relations between society and nature is made. The basic economic theories concerning conceptual approaches to solving environmental and economic problems associated with waste management are examined. It is found that for theoretical basis of solving the problems of waste management it is advisable to use: the concept of "externalities" allowing to develop the measures related to elimination the negative externalities in the field of waste management; S. Podolynsky's energy economy theory; H. Odum's the emergy analysis method; the concept of technological determinism and "zero waste" on the basis of which the feasibility of recycling waste is to be grounded; the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes the need for a balanced development of economic, ecological and social systems and state regulation of environmental and economic processes., Здійснено огляд історичного розвитку економічної думки у контексті взаємовідносин суспільства і природи. Розглянуто основні економічні теорії, в яких запропоновано концептуальні підходи щодо вирішення еколого-економічних проблем, пов'язаних з відходами. З'ясовано, що у якості теоретичного підґрунтя для вирішення проблем поводження з відходами доцільно використати: концепцію "зовнішніх ефектів", яка дозволяє розробити заходи, пов'язані із усуненням негативних екстерналій у сфері поводження з відходами; теорію енергетичної економіки С. Подолинського, метод емергетичного аналізу Г. Одуму; концепції технічного детермінізму та "нульових відходів", на засадах яких слід обґрунтувати доцільність утилізації відходів; концепцію сталого розвитку суспільства, яка наголошує на необхідності збалансованого розвитку економічної, екологічної і соціальної систем та державного регулювання еколого-економічних процесів.

An overview of historical development of economic thought in the context of relations between society and nature is made. The basic economic theories concerning conceptual approaches to solving environmental and economic problems associated with waste management are examined. It is found that for theoretical basis of solving the problems of waste management it is advisable to use: the concept of "externalities" allowing to develop the measures related to elimination the negative externalities in the field of waste management; S. Podolynsky's energy economy theory; H. Odum's the emergy analysis method; the concept of technological determinism and "zero waste" on the basis of which the feasibility of recycling waste is to be grounded; the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes the need for a balanced development of economic, ecological and social systems and state regulation of environmental and economic processes., Здійснено огляд історичного розвитку економічної думки у контексті взаємовідносин суспільства і природи. Розглянуто основні економічні теорії, в яких запропоновано концептуальні підходи щодо вирішення еколого-економічних проблем, пов'язаних з відходами. З'ясовано, що у якості теоретичного підґрунтя для вирішення проблем поводження з відходами доцільно використати: концепцію "зовнішніх ефектів", яка дозволяє розробити заходи, пов'язані із усуненням негативних екстерналій у сфері поводження з відходами; теорію енергетичної економіки С. Подолинського, метод емергетичного аналізу Г. Одуму; концепції технічного детермінізму та "нульових відходів", на засадах яких слід обґрунтувати доцільність утилізації відходів; концепцію сталого розвитку суспільства, яка наголошує на необхідності збалансованого розвитку економічної, екологічної і соціальної систем та державного регулювання еколого-економічних процесів.

An overview of historical development of economic thought in the context of relations between society and nature is made. The basic economic theories concerning conceptual approaches to solving environmental and economic problems associated with waste management are examined. It is found that for theoretical basis of solving the problems of waste management it is advisable to use: the concept of "externalities" allowing to develop the measures related to elimination the negative externalities in the field of waste management; S. Podolynsky's energy economy theory; H. Odum's the emergy analysis method; the concept of technological determinism and "zero waste" on the basis of which the feasibility of recycling waste is to be grounded; the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes the need for a balanced development of economic, ecological and social systems and state regulation of environmental and economic processes., Здійснено огляд історичного розвитку економічної думки у контексті взаємовідносин суспільства і природи. Розглянуто основні економічні теорії, в яких запропоновано концептуальні підходи щодо вирішення еколого-економічних проблем, пов'язаних з відходами. З'ясовано, що у якості теоретичного підґрунтя для вирішення проблем поводження з відходами доцільно використати: концепцію "зовнішніх ефектів", яка дозволяє розробити заходи, пов'язані із усуненням негативних екстерналій у сфері поводження з відходами; теорію енергетичної економіки С. Подолинського, метод емергетичного аналізу Г. Одуму; концепції технічного детермінізму та "нульових відходів", на засадах яких слід обґрунтувати доцільність утилізації відходів; концепцію сталого розвитку суспільства, яка наголошує на необхідності збалансованого розвитку економічної, екологічної і соціальної систем та державного регулювання еколого-економічних процесів.

An overview of historical development of economic thought in the context of relations between society and nature is made. The basic economic theories concerning conceptual approaches to solving environmental and economic problems associated with waste management are examined. It is found that for theoretical basis of solving the problems of waste management it is advisable to use: the concept of "externalities" allowing to develop the measures related to elimination the negative externalities in the field of waste management; S. Podolynsky's energy economy theory; H. Odum's the emergy analysis method; the concept of technological determinism and "zero waste" on the basis of which the feasibility of recycling waste is to be grounded; the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes the need for a balanced development of economic, ecological and social systems and state regulation of environmental and economic processes., Здійснено огляд історичного розвитку економічної думки у контексті взаємовідносин суспільства і природи. Розглянуто основні економічні теорії, в яких запропоновано концептуальні підходи щодо вирішення еколого-економічних проблем, пов'язаних з відходами. З'ясовано, що у якості теоретичного підґрунтя для вирішення проблем поводження з відходами доцільно використати: концепцію "зовнішніх ефектів", яка дозволяє розробити заходи, пов'язані із усуненням негативних екстерналій у сфері поводження з відходами; теорію енергетичної економіки С. Подолинського, метод емергетичного аналізу Г. Одуму; концепції технічного детермінізму та "нульових відходів", на засадах яких слід обґрунтувати доцільність утилізації відходів; концепцію сталого розвитку суспільства, яка наголошує на необхідності збалансованого розвитку економічної, екологічної і соціальної систем та державного регулювання еколого-економічних процесів.

The case of the 2010 municipal elections in Calgary, Canada, is used here to explore the discursive construction of social media in relation to political engagement. This article examines the way in which 59 undergraduate students at the University of Calgary discuss political engagement through Facebook and Twitter. Participants enthusiastically constructed a vision of ‘engagement’ fostered by social media’s alleged intrinsic features. Social media, it was argued, create a feeling of community, provide access to information as well as the ability to share it, and open up new means of building personal connections between politicians and citizens. In this articulation, social media appeared as both the tool that produced engagement and the space where this engagement unfolded. The focus of the article is on questioning the implications of this discursive construction by asking what political possibilities are opened up or closed down in this articulation? The construction of social media as the solution to the problems of democracy remains highly problematic, yet also indicative of a deep preoccupation with the conditions of modern life, and particularly the desire to find solutions to the increased complexity of the social systems.

This paper is an approach to a broader research that seeks to understand the role increasingly predominant technologies of communication. While discussion on the role of technology is not necessarily new, currently its presence is critical in everyday life. In appearance, social life seems to be determined technologically: Machines and communication devices are ubiquitous in interactions, in language, in the forms of communication, social representations. However, the question is not exhausted by this diagnosis: Among those who have been inclined to accept the existence of a technological determinism, there are positive and negative views. There is also a “third position” that Raymond Williams called symptomatic technology, and can be understood as a logical feedback between subject and technology mediated applications. Moreover, the overwhelming presence of communication technologies in almost all spheres of daily life, and forces us to think that the term “information technology and communication” is not enough. The term “entertainment” is imposed, with enormous force to the current understanding of the phenomenon. In the presence of these technologies (to the ones should be added techniques, languages, social imaginary that arise from them), the subjects are almost no escape because of the imperatives of use. Communication technologies have emerged as necessity, have produced subjects and dependent groups and, above all, produce a glare that makes it impossible to maintain any sphere of life outside them. This work aims to be a gateway to a much deeper discussion: the historical and social analysis of the representations of time around communication technologies., El presente trabajo es una aproximación a una investigación más amplia que busca comprender el papel, cada vez más predominante, de las tecnologías de la comunicación. Si bien la discusión en torno al papel de las tecnologías no es necesariamente nueva, en la actualidad resulta decisiva en la vida cotidiana. La vida social parece estar determinada tecnológicamente: las máquinas y los artefactos de comunicación son omnipresentes en las interacciones, en el lenguaje, en las formas de comunicación, en las representaciones sociales. Sin embargo, la cuestión no se agota en este diagnóstico: entre quienes se han inclinado por la aceptación de la existencia de un determinismo tecnológico hay visiones positivas y negativas. Existe, también, una especie de “tercera posición”, que Raymond Williams denominó tecnología sintomática, y puede entenderse como una lógica de retroalimentación entre el sujeto y la tecnología, mediada por los usos. Por otra parte, la presencia abrumadora de las tecnologías de la comunicación en casi todos los órdenes de la vida diaria obliga a pensar que la denominación de tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación ya no es suficiente. El término entretenimiento se impone, con enorme fuerza, para la comprensión actual del fenómeno. Ante la presencia de estas tecnologías (a las que deben sumárseles las técnicas, los lenguajes, los imaginarios sociales que de ellas surgen), los sujetos se encuentran casi sin escapatoria a causa de los imperativos de uso. Las tecnologías de la comunicación se han consolidado como necesidad, han producido sujetos y grupos dependientes y, sobre todo, producen un deslumbramiento tal que hace imposible mantener alguna esfera de la vida por fuera de ellas. Este trabajo intenta ser una puerta de entrada a una discusión mucho más profunda: el análisis histórico-social de las representaciones del tiempo en torno a las tecnologías de la comunicación.

This paper is an approach to a broader research that seeks to understand the role increasingly predominant technologies of communication. While discussion on the role of technology is not necessarily new, currently its presence is critical in everyday life. In appearance, social life seems to be determined technologically: Machines and communication devices are ubiquitous in interactions, in language, in the forms of communication, social representations. However, the question is not exhausted by this diagnosis: Among those who have been inclined to accept the existence of a technological determinism, there are positive and negative views. There is also a “third position” that Raymond Williams called symptomatic technology, and can be understood as a logical feedback between subject and technology mediated applications. Moreover, the overwhelming presence of communication technologies in almost all spheres of daily life, and forces us to think that the term “information technology and communication” is not enough. The term “entertainment” is imposed, with enormous force to the current understanding of the phenomenon. In the presence of these technologies (to the ones should be added techniques, languages, social imaginary that arise from them), the subjects are almost no escape because of the imperatives of use. Communication technologies have emerged as necessity, have produced subjects and dependent groups and, above all, produce a glare that makes it impossible to maintain any sphere of life outside them. This work aims to be a gateway to a much deeper discussion: the historical and social analysis of the representations of time around communication technologies., El presente trabajo es una aproximación a una investigación más amplia que busca comprender el papel, cada vez más predominante, de las tecnologías de la comunicación. Si bien la discusión en torno al papel de las tecnologías no es necesariamente nueva, en la actualidad resulta decisiva en la vida cotidiana. La vida social parece estar determinada tecnológicamente: las máquinas y los artefactos de comunicación son omnipresentes en las interacciones, en el lenguaje, en las formas de comunicación, en las representaciones sociales. Sin embargo, la cuestión no se agota en este diagnóstico: entre quienes se han inclinado por la aceptación de la existencia de un determinismo tecnológico hay visiones positivas y negativas. Existe, también, una especie de “tercera posición”, que Raymond Williams denominó tecnología sintomática, y puede entenderse como una lógica de retroalimentación entre el sujeto y la tecnología, mediada por los usos. Por otra parte, la presencia abrumadora de las tecnologías de la comunicación en casi todos los órdenes de la vida diaria obliga a pensar que la denominación de tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación ya no es suficiente. El término entretenimiento se impone, con enorme fuerza, para la comprensión actual del fenómeno. Ante la presencia de estas tecnologías (a las que deben sumárseles las técnicas, los lenguajes, los imaginarios sociales que de ellas surgen), los sujetos se encuentran casi sin escapatoria a causa de los imperativos de uso. Las tecnologías de la comunicación se han consolidado como necesidad, han producido sujetos y grupos dependientes y, sobre todo, producen un deslumbramiento tal que hace imposible mantener alguna esfera de la vida por fuera de ellas. Este trabajo intenta ser una puerta de entrada a una discusión mucho más profunda: el análisis histórico-social de las representaciones del tiempo en torno a las tecnologías de la comunicación.

There have been longstanding discussions whether social or technological factors eventually determine the speed of innovation, in particular when it comes to implementation. In order to identify and quantify potential resistance and implementation risks in the health domain we propose a set of key parameters, which are measurable in both – the social and the technological dimensions. Following a meta-analysis we identified the following parameters to be of relevance: readiness, shared values, motivation, elasticity, control and time. All these parameters are scalable and measurable in both dimensions with existing tools. Mapping and comparison of the social and technological dimensions of these parameters might allow conclusions on how far the social and technological dimensions of these parameters are aligned and where potential difficulties during the implementation have to be expected. (This paper refers to the technical term “implementation” as the process of integrating a new technology into established workflows)., FI-STAR

There have been longstanding discussions whether social or technological factors eventually determine the speed of innovation, in particular when it comes to implementation. In order to identify and quantify potential resistance and implementation risks in the health domain we propose a set of key parameters, which are measurable in both – the social and the technological dimensions. Following a meta-analysis we identified the following parameters to be of relevance: readiness, shared values, motivation, elasticity, control and time. All these parameters are scalable and measurable in both dimensions with existing tools. Mapping and comparison of the social and technological dimensions of these parameters might allow conclusions on how far the social and technological dimensions of these parameters are aligned and where potential difficulties during the implementation have to be expected. (This paper refers to the technical term “implementation” as the process of integrating a new technology into established workflows)., FI-STAR