Search

This working paper discusses theoretical, methodological, and ethical questions researchers encounter when combining historical and ethnographic research approaches. In 2021, a group of historians and cultural and social anthropologists formed the interdisciplinary working group Entanglements of Historical and Ethnographic Research (Approaches). The group members share an interest in combining historical and anthropological research methods and approaches. This publication is a result of their discussions. The working paper contains contributions by Susanne Fehlings (Frobenius Institute/Goethe University Frankfurt), Oliver Tappe (University of Heidelberg), Lena Rüßing (Head Office of the German Science and Humanities Council), Ole Münch (German Historical Institute London), Sofie Steinberger (University of Cologne), and Gerda Kuiper (University of Cologne). Based on the fields of ethnohistory, historical anthropology as well as oral history and archival research within the field of historical research, the contributions show that anthropologists and historians face similar methodological challenges and encounter comparable questions and uncertainties during the research process. The papers address topics such as the use of the histoire croisée approach for anthropologists, ethnographic multi-sited archival fieldwork, various aspects of oral history research in terms of positionality, power structures, language use and secondary analysis of interviews, as well as remote data collection. Although the contributions focus on very individual subject matters related to the research topics of the group members and although the contributors have carried out research in different regions (the Caucasus, Laos, Canada, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Tanzania), they also share similar concerns and interests. Questions and concerns addressed throughout the working paper are the question how to give voice to marginalized people, the role of historiography in contested and exclus

We show that in a financial market given by semimartingales an arbitrage opportunity, provided it exists, can only be exploited through short selling. This finding provides a theoretical basis for differences in regulation for financial services providers that are allowed to go short and those without short sales. The privilege to be allowed to short sell gives access to potential arbitrage opportunities, which creates by design a bankruptcy risk.

Li-, K- and [(CH₃)₄N] cyclononatetraenides (1)[¹] are the only monocyclic derivatives of the hypothetical cyclononatetraene that have been isolated so far[²].

Mit Ausnahme des Li-, K- und [(CH3)4N]-Cyclononatetraenids (1) [¹] wurden bisher keine monocyclischen Derivate des hypothetischen Cyclononatetraens isoliert [²].

Consider a financial market with nonnegative semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire. We are interested in the absence of arbitrage in the sense that no self-financing portfolio gives rise to arbitrage opportunities, where we are allowed to add a savings account to the market. We will prove that in this sense the market is free of arbitrage if and only if there exists an equivalent local martingale deflator which is a multiplicative special semimartingale. In this case, the additional savings account relates to the finite-variation part of the multiplicative decomposition of the deflator.

Consider a financial market with nonnegative semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire. We are interested in the absence of arbitrage in the sense that no self-financing portfolio gives rise to arbitrage opportunities, where we are allowed to add a savings account to the market. We will prove that in this sense the market is free of arbitrage if and only if there exists an equivalent local martingale deflator which is a multiplicative special semimartingale. In this case, the additional savings account relates to the finite-variation part of the multiplicative decomposition of the deflator.

Mechanically silent nociceptors are sensory afferents that are insensitive to noxious mechanical stimuli under normal conditions but become sensitized to such stimuli during inflammation. Using RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR we demonstrate that inflammation upregulates the expression of the transmembrane protein TMEM100 in silent nociceptors and electrophysiology revealed that over-expression of TMEM100 is required and sufficient to un-silence silent nociceptors in mice. Moreover, we show that mice lacking TMEM100 do not develop secondary mechanical hypersensitivity—i.e., pain hypersensitivity that spreads beyond the site of inflammation—during knee joint inflammation and that AAV-mediated overexpression of TMEM100 in articular afferents in the absence of inflammation is sufficient to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in remote skin regions without causing knee joint pain. Thus, our work identifies TMEM100 as a key regulator of silent nociceptor un-silencing and reveals a physiological role for this hitherto enigmatic afferent subclass in triggering spatially remote secondary mechanical hypersensitivity during inflammation.

Aims Social and technical trends are empowering people with diabetes to co-create or self-develop medical devices and treatments to address their unmet healthcare needs, for example, open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. This study aims to investigate the perceived barriers towards adoption and maintaining of open-source AID systems. Methods This is a multinational study based on a cross-sectional, retrospective web-based survey of non-users of open-source AID. Participants (n = 129) with type 1 diabetes from 31 countries were recruited online to elicit their perceived barriers towards building and maintaining of an open-source AID system. Results Sourcing the necessary components, lack of confidence in one's own technology knowledge and skills, perceived time and energy required to build a system, and fear of losing healthcare provider support appear to be major barriers towards the uptake of open-source AID. Conclusions This study identified a range of structural and individual-level barriers to uptake of open-source AID. Some of these individual-level barriers may be overcome over time through the peer support of the DIY online community as well as greater acceptance of open-source innovation among healthcare professionals. The findings have important implications for understanding the possible wider diffusion of open-source diabetes technology solutions in the future.

Li-, K- and [(CH₃)₄N] cyclononatetraenides (1)[¹] are the only monocyclic derivatives of the hypothetical cyclononatetraene that have been isolated so far[²].

Mit Ausnahme des Li-, K- und [(CH3)4N]-Cyclononatetraenids (1) [¹] wurden bisher keine monocyclischen Derivate des hypothetischen Cyclononatetraens isoliert [²].

Mit Ausnahme des Li-, K- und [(CH3)4N]-Cyclononatetraenids (1) [¹] wurden bisher keine monocyclischen Derivate des hypothetischen Cyclononatetraens isoliert [²].

Li-, K- and [(CH₃)₄N] cyclononatetraenides (1)[¹] are the only monocyclic derivatives of the hypothetical cyclononatetraene that have been isolated so far[²].

Mit Ausnahme des Li-, K- und [(CH3)4N]-Cyclononatetraenids (1) [¹] wurden bisher keine monocyclischen Derivate des hypothetischen Cyclononatetraens isoliert [²].

Li-, K- and [(CH₃)₄N] cyclononatetraenides (1)[¹] are the only monocyclic derivatives of the hypothetical cyclononatetraene that have been isolated so far[²].

Zinc isotopes in primitive magmatic rocks have been used recently to interrogate the origins of mantle heterogeneity. Of special interest are the high ¿66Zn values obtained for OIBs and continental alkali basalts, and this signature hints at recycled carbon-bearing oceanic crust (including carbonate sediments) in their mantle sources. Other studies argue however that large ¿66Zn fractionation results from the melting process, based on correlations between the degree of partial melting and ¿66Zn of basaltic to komatiitic lavas. To further explore the utility of zinc in the study of deep volatile cycles, we investigate the ¿66Zn of kimberlites and lamproites from southern Africa. These rocks formed by H2O-CO2 fluxed partial melting of metasomatized peridotite at >180 km depths, and their contrasting Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate distinct sources near the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Both magma types contain notable amounts of carbonates with mantle-like ¿13C values. In keeping with the discrete Sr-Nd-Hf isotope groupings, kimberlites and lamproites have different ¿66Zn compositions, with mean values of 0.33±0.07¿ (n=22) and 0.25±0.06¿ (n=18), respectively. They have low zinc concentrations (64±35 and 51±29 ppm), more similar to MORBs (64±25 ppm) than to OIBs (120±40 ppm). Given that the degree of partial melting is equally low for kimberlites and lamproites (<1%), our study provides evidence for significant zinc isotope heterogeneity in the deep upper mantle. Modelling shows that the kimberlite and lamproite zinc systematics fit with near-solidus melting of asthenospheric and refractory cratonic peridotites, respectively. The alkali-metasomatic components required to explain the petrology of lamproites do not influence the zinc systematics of carbonated mantle melts, probably owed to the compatible nature of zinc in mineralogically exotic metasomes. Although the origins of kimberlites and OIBs are frequently compared because of their apparent link to

In some precolonial regimes in sub-Saharan Africa, queen mothers ruled alongside kings. Yet, women were dislodged from leadership positions over time. Today, many countries are discussing how to boost the number of women in politics and business. Some sub-Saharan African countries are already among the top 25 in terms of proportion of women in parliament, and boast above-average percentages of women on corporate boards. How did women become leaders in these sectors? Men usually dominate in leadership positions; however, some countries have achieved impressive numbers of women in political and economic leadership by introducing affirmative policies in favour of fast-tracking women's participation. Although there are still miles to go before gender parity is finally achieved, certain countries in sub-Saharan Africa show that changing the rules of the game by implementing a mixture of affirmative policies increases the number of women in leadership positions. Women's movements are behind the big jumps in female representation that countries in sub-Saharan Africa have made. Especially in post-war societies, women's movements have used the opportunity to push for more women in leadership. For example, the Women's National Coalition in South Africa lobbied for a gender advisory body to the Constitutional Assembly, which contributed to the Constitution now including a strong equality clause. Even though we have witnessed many women being sent back to private spaces after wars, the immediate post-war context can drastically change the social standing of women for the better. Alongside structural factors that increase women's participation in leadership, there are also individual factors that certain women bring to the table. Wealthy and educated women often climb up the career ladder. Additionally, women who benefit from training for management and mentoring are empowered to participate in politics and business. While it is easy to look at the global gender equity gap and s

We report a patient with urogenital schistosomiasis and three cases of subclinical infection within one family acquired from Solenzara River, Corsica, in 2019. Our cases confirm that transmission of schistosomiasis in Corsica is ongoing and has been extended from the Cavu River to the Solenzara River. Solenzara River is clearly a transmission site for schistosomiasis in Corsica. Public health efforts are recommended to uncover and prevent further cases.

We report a patient with urogenital schistosomiasis and three cases of subclinical infection within one family acquired from Solenzara River, Corsica, in 2019. Our cases confirm that transmission of schistosomiasis in Corsica is ongoing and has been extended from the Cavu River to the Solenzara River. Solenzara River is clearly a transmission site for schistosomiasis in Corsica. Public health efforts are recommended to uncover and prevent further cases.

Recent works in political science have demonstrated, that the electorate votes retrospectively, by punishing the responsible politicians for the siting of windmills. Given the growing demand for action against climate change, this thesis tests these findings using recent data from the 2021 Danish municipal elections. The thesis examines the following research question: How does the siting of windmills affect the voting behaviour of those living nearby, at the 2021 Danish municipal election. The thesis provides a case study of five municipalities, where windmills have been raised within the most recent election period. Using a Difference-in-Differences design, with election data at the precinct level, it examines whether the electorate in precincts where windmills were put up, vote differently from neighbouring precincts that did not receive windmills. The results are mixed and suggests that voters do not always punish responsible political parties. Significantly, the analysis finds that whilst the Liberal Party (Venstre) lose 2.5 percentage points of their vote share in the affected precincts, the Social Democrats gain about 3 percentage points, despite both parties sharing responsibility for the siting of windmills. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the voter turnout dropped by 1.3 percentage points in the affected precincts. These findings leave the open-ended question, under what circumstances do voters punish their elected officials for siting windmills in their vicinity.

Recent works in political science have demonstrated, that the electorate votes retrospectively, by punishing the responsible politicians for the siting of windmills. Given the growing demand for action against climate change, this thesis tests these findings using recent data from the 2021 Danish municipal elections. The thesis examines the following research question: How does the siting of windmills affect the voting behaviour of those living nearby, at the 2021 Danish municipal election. The thesis provides a case study of five municipalities, where windmills have been raised within the most recent election period. Using a Difference-in-Differences design, with election data at the precinct level, it examines whether the electorate in precincts where windmills were put up, vote differently from neighbouring precincts that did not receive windmills. The results are mixed and suggests that voters do not always punish responsible political parties. Significantly, the analysis finds that whilst the Liberal Party (Venstre) lose 2.5 percentage points of their vote share in the affected precincts, the Social Democrats gain about 3 percentage points, despite both parties sharing responsibility for the siting of windmills. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the voter turnout dropped by 1.3 percentage points in the affected precincts. These findings leave the open-ended question, under what circumstances do voters punish their elected officials for siting windmills in their vicinity.

The prospective severity assessment in animal experiments in the categories' non-recovery, mild, moderate, and severe is part of each approval process and serves to estimate the harm/benefit. Harms are essential for evaluating ethical justifiability, and on the other hand, they may represent confounders and effect modifiers within an experiment. Catalogs and guidelines provide a way to assess the experimental severity prospectively but are limited in adaptation due to their nature of representing particular examples without clear explanations of the assessment strategies. To provide more flexibility for current and future practices, we developed the modular Where-What-How (WWHow) concept, which applies findings from pre-clinical studies using surgical-induced pain models in mice and rats to provide a prospective severity assessment. The WWHow concept integrates intra-operative characteristics for predicting the maximum expected severity of surgical procedures. The assessed severity categorization is mainly congruent with examples in established catalogs; however, because the WWHow concept is based on anatomical location, detailed analysis of the tissue trauma and other intra-operative characteristics, it enables refinement actions, provides the basis for a fact-based dialogue with authority officials and other stakeholders, and helps to identify confounder factors of study findings.

In this paper we explore the intersections between oral and colonial history to re-examine the formation and interethnic relations in the uplands of Northern Laos. We unpack the historical and contemporary dynamics between “majority” Tai, “minority” Kha groups and the imagined cultural influence of “Lao” to draw out a more nuanced set of narratives about ethnicity, linguistic diversity, cultural contact, historical intimacy, and regional imaginings to inform our understanding of upland society. The paper brings together fieldwork and archival research, drawing on previous theoretical and areal analysis of both authors.

BACKGROUND: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia but are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, user-driven open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the motivations for which people with diabetes (types 1, 2, and other) or their caregivers decide to build and use a personalized open-source AID. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to assess personal motivations and associated self-reported clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 897 participants from 35 countries, 80.5% (722) were adults with diabetes and 19.5% (175) were caregivers of children with diabetes. Primary motivations to commence open-source AID included improving glycemic outcomes (476/509 adults, 93.5%, and 95/100 caregivers, 95%), reducing acute (443/508 adults, 87.2%, and 96/100 caregivers, 96%) and long-term (421/505 adults, 83.3%, and 91/100 caregivers, 91%) complication risk, interacting less frequently with diabetes technology (413/509 adults, 81.1%; 86/100 caregivers, 86%), improving their or child's sleep quality (364/508 adults, 71.6%, and 80/100 caregivers, 80%), increasing their or child's life expectancy (381/507 adults, 75.1%, and 84/100 caregivers, 84%), lack of commercially available AID systems (359/507 adults, 70.8%, and 79/99 caregivers, 80%), and unachieved therapy goals with available therapy options (348/509 adults, 68.4%, and 69/100 caregivers, 69%). Improving their own sleep quality was an almost universal motivator for caregivers (94/100, 94%). Significant improvements, independent of age and gender, were observed in self-reported glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 7.14% (SD 1.13%; 54.5 mmol/mol, SD 12.4) to 6.24% (SD 0.64%; 44.7 mmol/mol, SD 7.0; P<.001), and time in range (62.96%, SD 16.18%, to 80.34%, SD 9.41%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the unmet needs of people with diabetes, pro

Many studies have explored Colombia's peace process with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - guerrilla group (2012-2016). Conflict negotiation literature indicates that the impact of leadership is particularly relevant to peace processes as leaders have to find a balance between war and peace. Still, little is known about the political leaders in charge. This study deals with the development of a political leader's leadership in peace initiatives. It uses an in-depth case study of Colombia's former President Juan Manuel Santos combining leadership and conflict negotiation literature to trace back the origins of his leadership. Santos, a controversial figure, represented a policy of reconciliation to negotiate with the opponents while also appearing tough in order to maintain his political base. Between hawk and dove, he initiated and signed the peace negotiation and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016. I adopt a personal biography approach using biographical data to explore the origins of Santos' beliefs and values, his competence and skills and the way others perceived him. Linking this leadership-centred argument with findings from the conflict negotiation suggests that a pragmatic and reconciliation-oriented leadership might be relevant to find solutions to protracted conflicts like the one in Colombia. Most importantly, it contributes to a significant claim: Leaders have at least some level of choice and their biographical factors are relevant for political outcomes.

Background: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia but are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, user-driven open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular.Objective: This study aims to investigate the motivations for which people with diabetes (types 1, 2, and other) or their caregivers decide to build and use a personalized open-source AID.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to assess personal motivations and associated self-reported clinical outcomes.Results: Of 897 participants from 35 countries, 80.5% (722) were adults with diabetes and 19.5% (175) were caregivers of children with diabetes. Primary motivations to commence open-source AID included improving glycemic outcomes (476/509 adults, 93.5%, and 95/100 caregivers, 95%), reducing acute (443/508 adults, 87.2%, and 96/100 caregivers, 96%) and long-term (421/505 adults, 83.3%, and 91/100 caregivers, 91%) complication risk, interacting less frequently with diabetes technology (413/509 adults, 81.1%; 86/100 caregivers, 86%), improving their or child's sleep quality (364/508 adults, 71.6%, and 80/100 caregivers, 80%), increasing their or child's life expectancy (381/507 adults, 75.1%, and 84/100 caregivers, 84%), lack of commercially available AID systems (359/507 adults, 70.8%, and 79/99 caregivers, 80%), and unachieved therapy goals with available therapy options (348/509 adults, 68.4%, and 69/100 caregivers, 69%). Improving their own sleep quality was an almost universal motivator for caregivers (94/100, 94%). Significant improvements, independent of age and gender, were observed in self-reported glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), 7.14% (SD 1.13%; 54.5 mmol/mol, SD 12.4) to 6.24% (SD 0.64%; 44.7 mmol/mol, SD 7.0; PConclusions: These results highlight the unmet needs of people with diabetes, provide new insights into the evolving phenomenon

We provide a general framework for no-arbitrage concepts in topological vector lattices, which covers many of the well-known no-arbitrage concepts as particular cases. The main structural condition we impose is that the outcomes of trading strategies with initial wealth zero and those with positive initial wealth have the structure of a convex cone. As one consequence of our approach, the concepts NUPBR, NAA1 and NA1 may fail to be equivalent in our general setting. Furthermore, we derive abstract versions of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP), including an abstract FTAP on Banach function spaces, and investigate when the FTAP is warranted in its classical form with a separating measure. We also consider a financial market with semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire, and derive results which show the links between the no-arbitrage concepts by only using the theory of topological vector lattices and well-known results from stochastic analysis in a sequence of short proofs.

We provide a general framework for no-arbitrage concepts in topological vector lattices, which covers many of the well-known no-arbitrage concepts as particular cases. The main structural condition we impose is that the outcomes of trading strategies with initial wealth zero and those with positive initial wealth have the structure of a convex cone. As one consequence of our approach, the concepts NUPBR, NAA1 and NA1 may fail to be equivalent in our general setting. Furthermore, we derive abstract versions of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP), including an abstract FTAP on Banach function spaces, and investigate when the FTAP is warranted in its classical form with a separating measure. We also consider a financial market with semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire, and derive results which show the links between the no-arbitrage concepts by only using the theory of topological vector lattices and well-known results from stochastic analysis in a sequence of short proofs.

This article introduces supervised machine learning to the study of German strategic culture, analyzing both how German strategic culture has changed and the impact of strategic culture on Germany’s military engagement between 1990 and 2017. In contrast with previous qualitative research on strategic culture, supervised machine learning can yield measurable and empirical insights into strategic culture and its effects at any given point in time over a very long period, based on the reproduction of human coding of a very extensive set of security policy documents. The article shows that German strategic culture has changed slowly and in a nonlinear way after the Cold War, and that strategic culture, when controlling for confounding variables and the temporal order, has a measurable impact on Germany’s military engagement. The article demonstrates the analytical value of machine learning for future studies of strategic culture.

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia but are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, user-driven open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular. This study aims to investigate the motivations for which people with diabetes (types 1, 2, and other) or their caregivers decide to build and use a personalized open-source AID. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to assess personal motivations and associated self-reported clinical outcomes. Of 897 participants from 35 countries, 80.5% (722) were adults with diabetes and 19.5% (175) were caregivers of children with diabetes. Primary motivations to commence open-source AID included improving glycemic outcomes (476/509 adults, 93.5%, and 95/100 caregivers, 95%), reducing acute (443/508 adults, 87.2%, and 96/100 caregivers, 96%) and long-term (421/505 adults, 83.3%, and 91/100 caregivers, 91%) complication risk, interacting less frequently with diabetes technology (413/509 adults, 81.1%; 86/100 caregivers, 86%), improving their or child's sleep quality (364/508 adults, 71.6%, and 80/100 caregivers, 80%), increasing their or child's life expectancy (381/507 adults, 75.1%, and 84/100 caregivers, 84%), lack of commercially available AID systems (359/507 adults, 70.8%, and 79/99 caregivers, 80%), and unachieved therapy goals with available therapy options (348/509 adults, 68.4%, and 69/100 caregivers, 69%). Improving their own sleep quality was an almost universal motivator for caregivers (94/100, 94%). Significant improvements, independent of age and gender, were observed in self-reported glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 7.14% (SD 1.13%; 54.5 mmol/mol, SD 12.4) to 6.24% (SD 0.64%; 44.7 mmol/mol, SD 7.0; P

Background: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia but are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, user-driven open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular.Objective: This study aims to investigate the motivations for which people with diabetes (types 1, 2, and other) or their caregivers decide to build and use a personalized open-source AID.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to assess personal motivations and associated self-reported clinical outcomes.Results: Of 897 participants from 35 countries, 80.5% (722) were adults with diabetes and 19.5% (175) were caregivers of children with diabetes. Primary motivations to commence open-source AID included improving glycemic outcomes (476/509 adults, 93.5%, and 95/100 caregivers, 95%), reducing acute (443/508 adults, 87.2%, and 96/100 caregivers, 96%) and long-term (421/505 adults, 83.3%, and 91/100 caregivers, 91%) complication risk, interacting less frequently with diabetes technology (413/509 adults, 81.1%; 86/100 caregivers, 86%), improving their or child's sleep quality (364/508 adults, 71.6%, and 80/100 caregivers, 80%), increasing their or child's life expectancy (381/507 adults, 75.1%, and 84/100 caregivers, 84%), lack of commercially available AID systems (359/507 adults, 70.8%, and 79/99 caregivers, 80%), and unachieved therapy goals with available therapy options (348/509 adults, 68.4%, and 69/100 caregivers, 69%). Improving their own sleep quality was an almost universal motivator for caregivers (94/100, 94%). Significant improvements, independent of age and gender, were observed in self-reported glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), 7.14% (SD 1.13%; 54.5 mmol/mol, SD 12.4) to 6.24% (SD 0.64%; 44.7 mmol/mol, SD 7.0; PConclusions: These results highlight the unmet needs of people with diabetes, provide new insights into the evolving phenomenon

The thesis contains a feasibility study for determining the possibility of already known catalytic systems in order to gain organic peracids from organic acids via oxidation. Different epoxidation catalysts are used as well as complexes with a high peroxo content. To test the reactivity were organic acids with various properties applied. Furthermore some epoxidation complexes were improved to later test their ability of CO2 activation., Die Thesis beinhaltet eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Überprüfung der Möglichkeit, bestehende katalytische Systeme auf die Oxidation von organischen Säuren zu Persäuren zu adaptieren. Hierfür wurden verschiedene Epoxidationskatalysatoren sowie Komplexe mit einem hohen Peroxidgehalt eingesetzt. Um die Reaktivität zu testen, wurden organische Säuren mit verschiedenen Eigenschaften getestet. Außerdem wurden Epoxidationskatalysatoren weiterentwickelt, um ihre Fähigkeit zur CO2-Aktivierung zu testen.

As is generally known, pressure-resistant solenoids for valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics. These solenoids, for example, consist of a so-called pole tube with an integrated armature and a separate solenoid coil. Suitable displacement measuring systems are used in order to measure the armature´s as well as valve spool´s position constnatly; these ar directly mounted to the solenoid. Exeamples here are Hall Effect sensors or LVDT transducers. In case of lesser requirements, it is also possible to measure the valve spool´s position directly and in simplified manner. Here, partially standard proximity sensors are employed, which use the valve spool directly as measuring object. In these cases, however, only discrete position measurement is possible. A constant displacement measurement is not necessary. By means of the sensorless position-control developed by MSM, the armature´s position can be executed directly by analyzing the solenoid coil, partly replacing the usual sensors, under adapted basic conditions.

As is generally known, pressure-resistant solenoids for valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics. These solenoids, for example, consist of a so-called pole tube with an integrated armature and a separate solenoid coil. Suitable displacement measuring systems are used in order to measure the armature´s as well as valve spool´s position constnatly; these ar directly mounted to the solenoid. Exeamples here are Hall Effect sensors or LVDT transducers. In case of lesser requirements, it is also possible to measure the valve spool´s position directly and in simplified manner. Here, partially standard proximity sensors are employed, which use the valve spool directly as measuring object. In these cases, however, only discrete position measurement is possible. A constant displacement measurement is not necessary. By means of the sensorless position-control developed by MSM, the armature´s position can be executed directly by analyzing the solenoid coil, partly replacing the usual sensors, under adapted basic conditions.

This paper presents a voice user interface consisting of several modules for a mobile service robot, which is used to guide people and provide information on a university campus. The recognition and processing system is based on cloud services to convert from speech to text and vice versa and a dialogue system to allow for natural interaction. An approach to combine these modules with a data management system for meal plan, public transit, and location information is presented. We evaluate the system in different environments, each with their individual reverberation times, proving the functionality under conditions typical for the intended use case. In a user study with 13 participants we show the usability of the system, by letting the participants freely interact with the robot. In 86 % of all cases the desired output can be achieved at least once per user and request. A questionnare shows that most users agree with a good usability of the system.

As is generally known, pressure-resistant solenoids for valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics. These solenoids, for example, consist of a so-called pole tube with an integrated armature and a separate solenoid coil. Suitable displacement measuring systems are used in order to measure the armature´s as well as valve spool´s position constnatly; these ar directly mounted to the solenoid. Exeamples here are Hall Effect sensors or LVDT transducers. In case of lesser requirements, it is also possible to measure the valve spool´s position directly and in simplified manner. Here, partially standard proximity sensors are employed, which use the valve spool directly as measuring object. In these cases, however, only discrete position measurement is possible. A constant displacement measurement is not necessary. By means of the sensorless position-control developed by MSM, the armature´s position can be executed directly by analyzing the solenoid coil, partly replacing the usual sensors, under adapted basic conditions.

The thesis contains a feasibility study for determining the possibility of already known catalytic systems in order to gain organic peracids from organic acids via oxidation. Different epoxidation catalysts are used as well as complexes with a high peroxo content. To test the reactivity were organic acids with various properties applied. Furthermore some epoxidation complexes were improved to later test their ability of CO2 activation., Die Thesis beinhaltet eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Überprüfung der Möglichkeit, bestehende katalytische Systeme auf die Oxidation von organischen Säuren zu Persäuren zu adaptieren. Hierfür wurden verschiedene Epoxidationskatalysatoren sowie Komplexe mit einem hohen Peroxidgehalt eingesetzt. Um die Reaktivität zu testen, wurden organische Säuren mit verschiedenen Eigenschaften getestet. Außerdem wurden Epoxidationskatalysatoren weiterentwickelt, um ihre Fähigkeit zur CO2-Aktivierung zu testen.

As is generally known, pressure-resistant solenoids for valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics. These solenoids, for example, consist of a so-called pole tube with an integrated armature and a separate solenoid coil. Suitable displacement measuring systems are used in order to measure the armature´s as well as valve spool´s position constnatly; these ar directly mounted to the solenoid. Exeamples here are Hall Effect sensors or LVDT transducers. In case of lesser requirements, it is also possible to measure the valve spool´s position directly and in simplified manner. Here, partially standard proximity sensors are employed, which use the valve spool directly as measuring object. In these cases, however, only discrete position measurement is possible. A constant displacement measurement is not necessary. By means of the sensorless position-control developed by MSM, the armature´s position can be executed directly by analyzing the solenoid coil, partly replacing the usual sensors, under adapted basic conditions.

Recent developments in medical robotics have been significant, supporting the minimally invasive operation requirements, such as smaller devices and more feedback available to surgeons. Nevertheless, the tactile feedback from a catheter or endoscopic type robotic device has been restricted mostly on the tip of the device and was not aimed to support the autonomous movement of the medical device during operation. In this work, we design a robotic sheath/sleeve with a novel and more comprehensive approach, which can function for whole body or segment-based feedback control as well as diagnostic purposes. The robotic sleeve has several types of piezo-resistive pressure and extension sensors, which are embedded at several latitudes and depths of the silicone substrate. The sleeve takes the human skin as a biological model for its structure. It has a better tactile sensation of the inner tissues in the torturous narrow channels such as cardiovascular or endoluminal tracts in human body and thus can be used to diagnose abnormalities. In addition to this capability, using the stretch sensors distributed alongside its body, the robotic sheath/sleeve can perceive the ego-motion of the robotic backbone of the catheter and can act as a position feedback device. Because of the silicone substrate, the sleeve contributes toward safety of the medical device passively by providing a compliant interface. As an active safety measure, the robotic sheath can sense blood clots or sudden turns inside a channel and by modifying the local trajectory and can prevent embolisms or tissue rupture. In the future, advanced manufacturing techniques will increase the capabilities of the tactile robotic sleeve. © The Author(s) 2020.

Background: Digital innovations in health care have traditionally followed a top-down pathway, with manufacturers leading the design and production of technology-enabled solutions and those living with chronic conditions involved only as passive recipients of the end product. However, user-driven open-source initiatives in health care are becoming increasingly popular. An example is the growing movement of people with diabetes, who create their own “Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems” (DIYAPS). Objective: The overall aim of this study is to establish the empirical evidence base for the clinical effectiveness and quality-of-life benefits of DIYAPS and identify the challenges and possible solutions to enable their wider diffusion. Methods: A research program comprising 5 work packages will examine the outcomes and potential for scaling up DIYAPS solutions. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be used to examine clinical and self-reported outcome measures of DIYAPS users. The majority of members of the research team live with type 1 diabetes and are active DIYAPS users, making Outcomes of Patients’Evidence With Novel, Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Technology (OPEN) a unique, user-driven research project. Results: This project has received funding from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action Research and Innovation Staff Exchange. Researchers with both academic and nonacademic backgrounds have been recruited to formulate research questions, drive the research process, and disseminate ongoing findings back to the DIYAPS community and other stakeholders. Conclusions: The OPEN project is unique in that it is a truly patient- and user-led research project, which brings together an international, interdisciplinary, and intersectoral research group, comprising health care professionals, technical developers, biomedical and social scientists, the majority of whom are also living

Within and across Southeast Asian national borders, there has been a growing circulation of labour, capital, people, and goods. Meanwhile, urbanisation, agrarian changes, and liberal economic restructuring have been drawing a large section of the rural population into mobile economies and trade networks. This special issue explores the linkage between mobility and the growing precaritisation of labour resulting from neoliberalised development policies, nationalist citizenship regimes, and discourses, and arbitrary state power. Arguably, the consequent insecurity and uncertainty have profound implications for the social and economic life of migrant labourers. Although these conditions engender dangers and risks, they also hold possibilities for crafting translocal livelihoods and social relations. In this introduction, we investigate the diverse trajectories of labour migration in Southeast Asia through a critical discussion on the concept of 'precarity' that underscores the resilience of labour migrants despite the precarious conditions of their lives. The special issue suggests that, while precarious labour has long been part of regimes of control and exploitation in the region, precarity today is shaped by the blurry boundaries between the legal and the illegal, between local and global lives, and between different worlds of belonging.

In past and present Vietnam, the dialectic of precarity and resilience shapes the everyday lives of mobile labourers. Vietnamese labour mobility is characterised by an interplay between precariousness 'at home' and the uncertainties of migration. The paper aims to highlight continuities and contingencies in the longue duree of Vietnamese work migration through a historical contextualisation of precarious labour relations. Both colonial 'coolie' workers and present-day labour migrants share similar experiences, for example socioeconomic marginalisation in the regions of origin, opportunity and risk, and emerging translocal identities.