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Pregnancy is the stage of a woman's life where the development of a fetus takes place inside the body. At least 10% of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and among the hypertensive disorders that occur during pregnancy, eclampsia is characterized by the presence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in women who have previously had preeclampsia. and these are not attributed to other causes. Such pathology occurs during antepartum in 46.3% of cases, intrapartum in 16.4% and postpartum in 37.3% and early identification and adequate management are very important to minimize the associated risks, including adequate administration. of magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. In the same way, the comprehensive care of these patients involves a careful evaluation of the risk factors and constant surveillance to detect any clinical deterioration. For this and other reasons discussed throughout this review, the objective of this article is to carry out a updated bibliographic review of the management of eclampsia and introduce what has changed over time to reduce perinatal maternal risk., El embarazo es la etapa de la vida de la mujer en donde se lleva a cabo el desarrollo de un feto dentro del cuerpo. Al menos el 10% de los embarazos se ven afectados por trastornos hipertensivos durante la gestación y dentro de los trastornos hipertensivos que suceden en el embarazo, la eclampsia se caracteriza por la presencia de crisis convulsivas tónico-clónicas generalizadas en mujeres que previamente han presentado preeclampsia y estas no son atribuidas a otras causas. Tal patología se produce durante el anteparto en un 46.3% de los casos, el intraparto en un 16.4% y el postparto en el 37.3% y resulta de mucha importancia la identificación temprana y el manejo adecuado para minimizar los riesgos asociados, incluida la administración adecuada de sulfato de magnesio para prevenir convulsiones. De la misma manera, la atención integral de estas pacientes implica una evaluación cuidadosa de los factores de riesgo y la vigilancia constante para detectar cualquier deterioro clínico, por esta y otras razones discutibles a lo largo de esta revisión el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada del manejo de la eclampsia e introducir que ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo para la disminución del riesgo materno perinatal.

Implementation of inquiry-based laboratories and course-based undergraduate research experiences are working to bring authentic science practices into the classroom. Successful implementation of these courses has documented positive student outcomes, raising questions about what aspects of these experiences led to these observed successes. Specifically, the instructor’s role in successful implementation requires further investigation. Implementing these reformed courses requires instructors to take a fundamentally different approach to teaching and learning. With little being known about effective science practice-based teaching strategies, we focused our investigation on understanding the ways different instructors navigate supporting students in science practices. We first characterized instructor actions and intentions with instructors who had previously demonstrated positive student outcomes. We detailed the different ways these instructors flexibly adapted their instruction to support the individual needs of students. We additionally show the important role of instructor intentions in understanding the rationale behind teaching choices. Next, we considered the ways that instructors act as research mentors in the classroom. We applied the Classroom-Research-Mentor Framework as a novel lens to examine science practice-based instruction. We uncovered the ways our instructors used goals similar to that of a research mentor, such as “acknowledging their students as scientists” and “focusing their students on skills and ideas needed to solve biological problems.” We revealed the motivations that led our instructors to use the classroom research mentor approach, emphasizing the importance of these instructors’ valuing science. Finally, we investigated the ways that TAs navigated science practice-based instruction. We described TA task intentions behind modeling and experimental design practices, finding TAs prioritizing their students' authentic engagement in each tas

This research investigated the application of Transactional Analysis (TA) in the Design field. As a theory about interpersonal relationships to understand relationships between people and products, the use of TA in Design led to identifying the main factors influencing people’s relationships with the objects, which are products’ function, facilitation, perceived performance, and evoked emotions. The findings of co-discovery and interview sessions resulted in a framework that can help designers to design products that support enhanced user-product relationships through understanding personality of products and the emotions they evoke. E.g., applying “helpful” and “efficient” personalities to products’ function creates positive emotions.

Background: The use of stapling equipment for intestinal surgery in cats is rarely reported, and appropriate staple sizes for cat intestine are unknown. Objective: To determine staple cartridge sizes for thoracoabdominal (TA) and endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis (EndoGIA) that will simultaneously prevent leakage of small intestinal contents while also allowing for sufficient vascular permeability past the staple lines for intestinal healing. Methods: Two sizes of EndoGIA cartridges (2.0/2.5/3.0mm and 3.0/3.5/4.0mm) and two sizes of TA cartridges (2.5mm and 3.5mm), applied in a transverse manner across fresh cadaveric cat jejunum, were evaluated via intestinal burst pressure testing for maximum intraluminal pressure prior to leaking, and via infusion of an intravascular dye at normal arterial pressures to determine percentage of vascular patency past the staple lines. Vascular patency was compared not only from pre-and post-staple segments of the same intestinal sample, but also EndoGIA vascular patency was evaluated against TA vascular patency. Results: Two cats met study criteria. All samples had intraluminal burst pressures over twice the chosen minimum (of 30mmHg). Vascular patency post- staple line ranged from 0-90.8%, with the most consistently high numbers noted with the TA 3.5mm cartridges. No EndoGIA cartridge had a post- staple line vascular patency higher than 31.1%, and no intravascular dye was noted in any post- staple line sample in the EndoGIA 2.0/2.5/3.0mm group. Conclusions: While statistical analysis of the dataset was unable to be performed due to low numbers of samples for comparison, both intestinal intraluminal burst pressure trends and intravascular dye patterns suggested both the TA 3.5mm cartridge and (to a lesser extent) the 3.0/3.5/4.0mm EndoGIA cartridge could provide the ideal combination of intraluminal seal without restriction of vascular access for healing. The intravascular dye infusion technique, developed during this research

Sustainability is well-publicized in society, and in order to achieve sustainability, there are arguments for switching to or introducing circular economy and circular business models. Previous studies have shown that SMEs have difficulty switching to a circular economy due to barriers that complicates that process. In this qualitative, exploratory study, nine SMEs are interviewed to examine the obstacles SMEs face in their work and transition to a circular organization, with the aim of contributing to in-depth understanding. The interviews are analyzed thematically, resulting in five themes: human reactions, business restructuring, financial assets and distribution, knowledge and ability, and legislation, which are the practical and theoretical contributions of this study. The conclusions of the work are that the majority of companies experience obstacles of a financial and cultural nature, and in order to overcome these obstacles, the majority believe that the key to success is to prioritize, educate and act., Hållbarhet är väl omtalat i samhället, och för att uppnå hållbarhet finns det argument för att övergå till eller införa cirkulär ekonomi och cirkulära affärsmodeller. Tidigare studier har visat på att SME har svårt att övergå till en cirkulär ekonomi p.g.a. hinder som försvårar den processen. I den här kvalitativa, explorativa studien intervjuas nio SME för att undersöka vilka hinder SME möter i arbetet och omställningen mot en cirkulär verksamhet, med syftet att bidra till fördjupad förståelse. Intervjuerna analyseras tematiskt vilket resulterar i fem teman: mänskliga reaktioner, omstrukturering av verksamheten, ekonomiska tillgångar och fördelning, kunskap och förmåga samt lagstiftning, vilka är det praktiska och teoretiska bidraget med den här studien. Slutsatserna med arbetet är att majoriteten av företagen upplever hinder av finansiell och kulturell karaktär, och för att överkomma dessa hinder tror majoriteten att faktorer för framgång är att prioritera, utbilda och agera.

Tuition assistance (TA) is one of many voluntary education programs available to Marines to facilitate continuing their education and increase knowledge within the force. This program could thus support the Commandant of the Marine Corps’ call for preparing the force for the future by increasing knowledge management and retention. In March of 2019, the Marine Corps removed eligibility restrictions on TA to expand the opportunity of continued education to more Marines. This study determines what effect, if any, was achieved by the policy change with respect to utilization rate, type of individual TA user, and type of institutions chosen for high education. The analysis utilizes data from the Total Force Data Warehouse (TFDW), the Navy College Management Information System (NCMIS), and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). As intended, the 2019 policy change increased TA usage. Specifically, the rank most impacted by the policy is E3, which showed a significant increase in TA usage; however, the policy also resulted in a decrease in overall course success and an increase in the use at for-profit institutions. This study recommends further investigation of this topic covering a longer time frame, with data capable of accounting for potential selection bias, and a comparison between different branches of service., Outstanding Thesis, Major, United States Marine Corps, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

The main goal of this thesis is to find an effective way to fuzz trusted applications (TAs) with source code residing in trusted execution environment (TEE). While fuzzing TAs has been previously done, no work has been found to utilize the source code of TAs to improve the fuzzing. Utilizing the source code in fuzzing can lead to an increase in code coverage compared to black-box fuzzing, and therefore could be more effective in testing critical parts of the software. This might inspire people to develop similar fuzzing techniques on TAs running on OP-TEE or other TEEs. The fuzzing target will be the TA implementation of the Public-Key Cryptography Standard 11 (PKCS#11) currently developed by STMicroelectronics and Linaro. The TA is complex, and no previous documents on any extensive security testing on the PKCS#11 TA has been found. The TA source code is also available to the public, which can be utilized by certain fuzzing techniques to empower the fuzzing process. The focus of the project will not solely be to fuzz the PKCS#11 TA specifically, but also a method to fuzz TAs in general. The following list summarizes the goals of the project: • Implement a proof of concept on how to fuzz a TA running on OP-TEE using fuzzing technique that takes advantage of available source code. • Explore how to build an effective fuzzing harness which bridges the gap between the fuzzer and target expected input. The harness will also setup the necessary state of the target. The solution provided in this thesis uses various external tools and projects to host, perform fuzz testing and provide insight on the target TA. The fuzzing process is able to explore deeper into the target and provide information related to bugs, code coverage and other fuzzing relevant information. However, in order to have a better fuzzing experience, certain highlighted problems of the project still needs attention. While the current state of the solution is not perfect, it is enough to serve as a proof of, Highly secure and sensitive tasks of applications in devices such as phones are often performed in a secure environment separated from normal tasks. This will provide additional protection making it harder for adversaries to manipulate or extract information. However, despite running in a protected environment, the applications are still vulnerable to attacks introduced by bugs. Therefore, this work will provide a method to security test these applications inside of such environments to increase the security making it more difficult for adversaries to abuse the system. An application is set of instructions and data used to tell a computer to perform various tasks. However, can an application be trusted to perform the user-intended tasks? And in safe manner? For example, how can a user know that the password provided to a login prompt does not get forwarded to another person? Or if the password stored in the login authenticator can be leaked? To provide a higher trust- and protection-level, sensitive operations and data in normal applications can be moved to a trusted execution environment. This technique is commonly used in the mobile industry. Features such as mobile payments and fingerprint authentication offers higher security with the usage of trusted execution environments. However, despite that the computer is executing the correct application in a protected environment, it might still be possible for an adversary to abuse. Gaps and flaws known as bugs can be introduced by the developers when creating the application, leaving security vulnerabilities that can be manipulated by an adversary to perform unintended or even harmful activities such as bypassing security features, leaking sensitive information and more. This thesis focuses on finding bugs of applications designed for trusted execution environments in an automated way by using a concept called fuzzing. This is done by running the application in different test cases and monitoring its behaviours to fin

Sustainability is well-publicized in society, and in order to achieve sustainability, there are arguments for switching to or introducing circular economy and circular business models. Previous studies have shown that SMEs have difficulty switching to a circular economy due to barriers that complicates that process. In this qualitative, exploratory study, nine SMEs are interviewed to examine the obstacles SMEs face in their work and transition to a circular organization, with the aim of contributing to in-depth understanding. The interviews are analyzed thematically, resulting in five themes: human reactions, business restructuring, financial assets and distribution, knowledge and ability, and legislation, which are the practical and theoretical contributions of this study. The conclusions of the work are that the majority of companies experience obstacles of a financial and cultural nature, and in order to overcome these obstacles, the majority believe that the key to success is to prioritize, educate and act., Hållbarhet är väl omtalat i samhället, och för att uppnå hållbarhet finns det argument för att övergå till eller införa cirkulär ekonomi och cirkulära affärsmodeller. Tidigare studier har visat på att SME har svårt att övergå till en cirkulär ekonomi p.g.a. hinder som försvårar den processen. I den här kvalitativa, explorativa studien intervjuas nio SME för att undersöka vilka hinder SME möter i arbetet och omställningen mot en cirkulär verksamhet, med syftet att bidra till fördjupad förståelse. Intervjuerna analyseras tematiskt vilket resulterar i fem teman: mänskliga reaktioner, omstrukturering av verksamheten, ekonomiska tillgångar och fördelning, kunskap och förmåga samt lagstiftning, vilka är det praktiska och teoretiska bidraget med den här studien. Slutsatserna med arbetet är att majoriteten av företagen upplever hinder av finansiell och kulturell karaktär, och för att överkomma dessa hinder tror majoriteten att faktorer för framgång är att prioritera, utbilda och agera.

Background: The use of stapling equipment for intestinal surgery in cats is rarely reported, and appropriate staple sizes for cat intestine are unknown. Objective: To determine staple cartridge sizes for thoracoabdominal (TA) and endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis (EndoGIA) that will simultaneously prevent leakage of small intestinal contents while also allowing for sufficient vascular permeability past the staple lines for intestinal healing. Methods: Two sizes of EndoGIA cartridges (2.0/2.5/3.0mm and 3.0/3.5/4.0mm) and two sizes of TA cartridges (2.5mm and 3.5mm), applied in a transverse manner across fresh cadaveric cat jejunum, were evaluated via intestinal burst pressure testing for maximum intraluminal pressure prior to leaking, and via infusion of an intravascular dye at normal arterial pressures to determine percentage of vascular patency past the staple lines. Vascular patency was compared not only from pre-and post-staple segments of the same intestinal sample, but also EndoGIA vascular patency was evaluated against TA vascular patency. Results: Two cats met study criteria. All samples had intraluminal burst pressures over twice the chosen minimum (of 30mmHg). Vascular patency post- staple line ranged from 0-90.8%, with the most consistently high numbers noted with the TA 3.5mm cartridges. No EndoGIA cartridge had a post- staple line vascular patency higher than 31.1%, and no intravascular dye was noted in any post- staple line sample in the EndoGIA 2.0/2.5/3.0mm group. Conclusions: While statistical analysis of the dataset was unable to be performed due to low numbers of samples for comparison, both intestinal intraluminal burst pressure trends and intravascular dye patterns suggested both the TA 3.5mm cartridge and (to a lesser extent) the 3.0/3.5/4.0mm EndoGIA cartridge could provide the ideal combination of intraluminal seal without restriction of vascular access for healing. The intravascular dye infusion technique, developed during this research

In this article, we numerically study the natural convection in a half-eliipsoid of revolution filled with a Newtonian fluid (air). The ellipsoid wall is isothermal which is maintained at a heat flux of constant density. The equations that govern the flow and heat transfer are described by the so-called Navier-Stokes equation of motion accompanied by the so-called Fourier equation of heat. The finite element method is used to solve the system of equations. We consider the effect of the shape factor of the elliptical wall and the Grashof number on the results obtained in the form of streamlines, and mean Nusselt numbers. The Nusselt numbers for natural convection inside a system formed by a rectangular geometry and for a curved shape are comparer and analyzed each other. We find that this number is quite higher for a curved system than that of a planar shape. It shows the importance of the form factor, particularly, in circular shape which is much more advantageous compared to the straight shape.In terms of inertia, the geometry of rounded shape ensures the best distribution of energy. In fact, the half ellipsoidal greenhouse with a circular base studied during this research offers a better distribution for the flow of the convection currents from the bottom to the top of the system.

In this article, we numerically study the natural convection in a half-eliipsoid of revolution filled with a Newtonian fluid (air). The ellipsoid wall is isothermal which is maintained at a heat flux of constant density. The equations that govern the flow and heat transfer are described by the so-called Navier-Stokes equation of motion accompanied by the so-called Fourier equation of heat. The finite element method is used to solve the system of equations. We consider the effect of the shape factor of the elliptical wall and the Grashof number on the results obtained in the form of streamlines, and mean Nusselt numbers. The Nusselt numbers for natural convection inside a system formed by a rectangular geometry and for a curved shape are comparer and analyzed each other. We find that this number is quite higher for a curved system than that of a planar shape. It shows the importance of the form factor, particularly, in circular shape which is much more advantageous compared to the straight shape.In terms of inertia, the geometry of rounded shape ensures the best distribution of energy. In fact, the half ellipsoidal greenhouse with a circular base studied during this research offers a better distribution for the flow of the convection currents from the bottom to the top of the system.

In this work, the local structures of durable, high-activity Bi4TaO8Cl-Bi2GdO4Cl intergrowth photocatalysts that were prepared in a molten flux are determined by pair distribution function analysis of X-ray total scattering data and correlated to their photocatalytic performance. This system gives understanding to how the local structure of photocatalysts can be manipulated controllably through incorporation of rigid and flexible layers via intergrowth formation to achieve high activity. This analysis revealed that the local symmetry and distortion of the [TaO6] octahedra introduced through intergrowth formation and dictated by intergrowth stoichiometry correlate with their photocatalytic activity. That is, the greater the Ta-O-Ta bond angles, the higher the photocatalytic activity of a given intergrowth for the oxygen evolution reaction. Moreover, greater tilting of the [TaO6] octahedra is associated with a larger band gap. This analysis was coupled with a structure mining approach to model the intergrowth structure by building supercells for refinement of the X-ray diffraction data. This analysis found that Ta- and Gd-domains are separated within the intergrowths, with large Gd-domains separated by small Ta-domains at high Gd% and the opposite for high Ta%. Taken together with Williamson-Hall analysis, our results highlight that the local structure of layered materials can be modulated through strain engineering enabled by the selection of rigid and flexible intergrowth layers, providing a new design pathway to high performance photocatalysts.

The recent improvements in neural MT (NMT) have driven a shift from statistical MT (SMT) to NMT. However, to assess the usefulness of MT models for post-editing (PE) and have a detailed insight of the output they produce, we need to analyse the most frequent errors and how they affect the task. We present a pilot study of a fine-grained analysis of MT errors based on post-editors corrections for an English to Spanish medical text translated with SMT and NMT. We use the MQM taxonomy to compare the two MT models and have a categorized classification of the errors produced. Even though results show a great variation among post-editors' corrections, for this language combination fewer errors are corrected by post-editors in the NMT output. NMT also produces fewer accuracy errors and errors that are less critical., Les millores recents en la TA neuronal (TAN) han impulsat un canvi de la TA estadística (TAE) a la TAN. Tanmateix, per avaluar la utilitat dels models de TA per a la postedició (PE), és fonamental analitzar els errors més freqüents i com afecten la tasca. Presentem un estudi pilot d'una anàlisi detallada dels errors de la TA basat en correccions de postedició d'un text mèdic traduït de l'anglès al castellà amb TAE i TAN. Hem utilitzat la taxonomia MQM per comparar els dos models de TA i hem classificat els errors produïts. La nostra anàlisi també inclou una avaluació de la variació entre els posteditors, que se centra en els passatges amb una major variació en la postedició., Los avances recientes en TA neuronal (TAN) han producido un giro desde la TA estadística (TAE) hacia la TAN. Sin embargo, para evaluar la utilidad de los modelos de TA para la posedición, es imprescindible analizar los errores más frecuentes y cómo afectan a esta tarea. Presentamos el estudio piloto de un análisis pormenorizado de errores en TA basado en las correcciones realizadas por los poseditores en la traducción de un texto médico realizada del inglés al castellano mediante TAE y TAN. Utilizamos la taxonomía MQM para comparar los dos modelos de TA y obtener una clasificación categorizada de los errores resultantes. Nuestro análisis incluye también una evaluación de las diferencias entre poseditores, centrada en los pasajes en los que la posedición presentaba mayor disparidad.

The advent of 5G promises a new age of speed and connectivity of mobile devices. Location-based services will reach a new state of accuracy as well. 4G/LTE implemented the timing advance group (TAG) to increase throughput by allowing user equipment (UE) to connect to multiple base stations (BSs). Timing advance (TA) commands are utilized in order to maintain time synchronization between each servicing BS by directing when the UE should transmit based on the distance to each associated BS. For 4G/LTE, each TA is a multiple of 78.125 meters. As the subcarrier spacing increases in 5G, this distance resolution drops proportionately. These TA commands are sent frequently as the UE moves throughout the environment and are unencrypted. This opens the concern that if an adversary were to collect and correctly associate the TAGs of a specific target, they may be able to ascertain a position estimate using multilateration. The TAG exploit has been examined for 4G/LTE and has been shown to be significant, but the new subcarrier spacing for 5G theoretically will increase the fidelity with which locations can be determined. The focus of this thesis is to establish a Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for position estimates based on the TA commands for each of the 5G sub-carrier spacing and to implement and test an algorithm for finding a position estimate based on target TAs through simulation., Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release. distribution is unlimited

I nuläget finns det mycket begränsad kunskap kring avslut i psykologisk behandling. Olika terapiinriktningar läggerolika fokus och tyngd vid slutskedet av terapin. Inom relationell terapi anses avslutet vara en för dyaden betydandedel av terapin. I denna kvalitativa uppsats har reflexiv tematisk analys använts för att studera interaktioner ochskeenden under det avslutande samtalet i en 16-sessions BRT ur forskningsprojektet LURIPP. Videofilmer från sexolika dyader har analyserats med en inledningsvis induktiv ansats. I formuleringen av de tre teman som framkom uranalysen användes relationella termer och modeller. De slutgiltiga temana benämns relation, ovilja och framåt. Varjeenskilt tema innehåller olika aspekter som presenteras och sedan diskuteras. Förslag på vidare forskning ges.

I nuläget finns det mycket begränsad kunskap kring avslut i psykologisk behandling. Olika terapiinriktningar läggerolika fokus och tyngd vid slutskedet av terapin. Inom relationell terapi anses avslutet vara en för dyaden betydandedel av terapin. I denna kvalitativa uppsats har reflexiv tematisk analys använts för att studera interaktioner ochskeenden under det avslutande samtalet i en 16-sessions BRT ur forskningsprojektet LURIPP. Videofilmer från sexolika dyader har analyserats med en inledningsvis induktiv ansats. I formuleringen av de tre teman som framkom uranalysen användes relationella termer och modeller. De slutgiltiga temana benämns relation, ovilja och framåt. Varjeenskilt tema innehåller olika aspekter som presenteras och sedan diskuteras. Förslag på vidare forskning ges.

Takayasu arteritis is a rare large vessel vasculitis with an incidence of 1 to 3 per million. This disease typically involves the aorta and its primary branches but has been found to involve the coronary arteries in 7% to 9% of cases. We highlight the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).

De två kemiskt nära besläktade metallerna niob (Nb) och tantal (Ta) räknas av Europakommissionen som kritiska råmaterial. Detta på grund av en kraftigt ökad efterfrågan och en geografiskt koncentrerad global produktion av dem. Det här arbetet utgör en del av ett större projekt som bedrivs av EuroGeoSurveys (EGS); GeoERA FRAME, som har till syfte att kartlägga förekomsten av kritiska råmaterial inom EU. Två granitpegmatitiska prov från Kolsva fältspatgruva har undersökts med avseende på deras kemi och mineralogi; dels sådana som tentativt identifierats som kolumbitmineral och dels sådana som innehåller ett samarskitliknande mineral. I arbetet har tre huvudsakliga analysmetoder använts: 1) optisk mikroskopi, 2) svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) med energidispersiv mikrokemisk analys (EDS), samt 3) pulverröntgendiffraktionsanalys (XRD). De kemiska analyserna som genomfördes på ”kolumbit-proven” visade att de bestod av kolumbit-(Fe), med generell formel AB2O6 och med en järndominans i A-katjonposition och niobdominans i B-katjonposition. Analyserna visad även på förekomst av mineral tillhörande pyroklorsupergruppen. De samarskitartade mineralen uppvisade en partiell likhet med samarskitgruppmineral (generell formel ABO4), men med hög grad av metamiktisering, dåliga stökiometrier, låga REE-halter, samt med varierande järn- och kalciumdominans i tentativ A-katjonposition och niobdominans i B-katjonpositionen. Även aluminiumsilikater, mineral från spinellgruppen samt hematit påvisades. Uppsprickning av de metamikta och spröda samarskitartade mineralen har möjliggjort en fluidmedierad omvandling, vilket bl.a. lett till bildning av sekundär radiogen blyglans. Resultaten av undersökningarna bekräftar att Kolsvapegmatiten representerar ett lokalt niob-tantalmineraliserat system., The two chemically related metals niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are classified by the European Commission as critical raw materials. This is due to a highly increased demand and a limited global supply situation for these metals. This work is a part of a larger project run by EuroGeoSurveys (EGS); the GeoERA FRAME, which aims to map the distribution of critical raw materials in the EU. Two granitic pegmatite samples from the Kolsva feldspar mine were studied with regards to their chemistry and mineralogy. They had been tentatively identified as consisting of a columbite mineral and a samarskite-like mineral, respectively. In the project, three main analytical methods have been used: 1) optical microscopy, 2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and 3) powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The analyses performed on the “columbite samples” indicated that most of them were columbite-(Fe), general formula AB2O6, with an iron dominance in the A-cation position and niobium dominance in the B-cation position. The analyses also indicated the presence of minerals belonging to the pyrochlore supergroup. The analyses of the samarskite-like minerals yielded results showing a partial resemblance to the samarskite group minerals (general formula ABO4), but with a high degree of metamictisation, poor stoichiometries, low to very low REE contents, variable iron and calcium-dominance in a tentative A-cation position and niobium-dominance in the B-cation position. Aluminium silicates, minerals from the spinel group and hematite were also observed in this assemblage. Fracturing of the brittle, metamict samarskite-like minerals have enabled a fluid-mediated alteration, which a.o. led to the formation of secondary radiogenic galena. The study confirms that the Kolsva pegmatite represents a locally Nb-Ta mineralised system.

Time-resolved spectroscopy is a versatile tool to investigate ultrafast dynamics. The photoinduced dynamics of photoactive nanomaterials occur over a range of timescales and can be initiated by femtosecond processes. Understanding these dynamics is paramount to inform rational design of new materials. In this thesis I detail ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of several photoactive nanomaterials. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) was used to investigate the dynamics of localised surface plasmon polaritons on hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) coupled with excitons in J-aggregates. I determined for the first time, a power dependence to the phonon breathing mode period of HGNs, and investigated the transient response of a novel sample of HGNs, with J-aggregates inside as well as on the outer surface, with TA. Through my pump dependent TA measurements, I was able to isolate the transient signatures associated with J-aggregate HGN hybrid system and I propose that the picosecond response is primarily due to hot electrons rather than plexcitons as has been reported for similar systems. I used two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to directly measure 470 ± 50 fs and 2.8 ± 0.5 ps time constants associated with the reorientation of formamidinium cations in formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films. Molecular dynamics simulations facilitated association of these time constants with the cation agitating about an equilibrium position, with NH2 groups pointing at opposite faces of the inorganic lattice cube, and the cation undergoing 90° flips, respectively. These timescales preclude the existence of stable (anti)ferroelectric domains in formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films which had been theorised to be the source of the unusually high power conversion efficiencies observed in this material. In addition, time-resolved infrared measurements revealed a prominent vibrational transient feature arising from a vibrational Stark shift. In the final results chapt

Internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi (iKBT) är en effektiv och snabbt växnade behandlingsform, som fortfarande är relativt lite beforskad. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur internetterapeuters kommunikation med klienter kan se ut, med data från en behandlingsstudie för unga med depression. Meddelanden från fem behandlingar med gott utfall analyserades med tematisk analys (TA). Studien fokuserade på terapeutbeteendena uppmuntra och bekräfta, samt hur terapeuter använder personligt tilltal. Analysen resulterade i sammanlagt tolv teman. Diskussionen visar hur temana skapar ett övergripande mönster där behandlingen beskrivs som ett hårt arbete, vilket kräver en stark klient, som förväntas bli motiverad av terapeuten. Fynden diskuteras också utifrån behandligens teoretiska grund, tidigare forskning kring terapeutbeteenden samt det faktum att behandligen ges över internet., EaRly internet-based interventions for Children and Adolescents (ERiCA)

Time-resolved spectroscopy is a versatile tool to investigate ultrafast dynamics. The photoinduced dynamics of photoactive nanomaterials occur over a range of timescales and can be initiated by femtosecond processes. Understanding these dynamics is paramount to inform rational design of new materials. In this thesis I detail ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of several photoactive nanomaterials. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) was used to investigate the dynamics of localised surface plasmon polaritons on hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) coupled with excitons in J-aggregates. I determined for the first time, a power dependence to the phonon breathing mode period of HGNs, and investigated the transient response of a novel sample of HGNs, with J-aggregates inside as well as on the outer surface, with TA. Through my pump dependent TA measurements, I was able to isolate the transient signatures associated with J-aggregate HGN hybrid system and I propose that the picosecond response is primarily due to hot electrons rather than plexcitons as has been reported for similar systems. I used two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to directly measure 470 ± 50 fs and 2.8 ± 0.5 ps time constants associated with the reorientation of formamidinium cations in formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films. Molecular dynamics simulations facilitated association of these time constants with the cation agitating about an equilibrium position, with NH2 groups pointing at opposite faces of the inorganic lattice cube, and the cation undergoing 90° flips, respectively. These timescales preclude the existence of stable (anti)ferroelectric domains in formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films which had been theorised to be the source of the unusually high power conversion efficiencies observed in this material. In addition, time-resolved infrared measurements revealed a prominent vibrational transient feature arising from a vibrational Stark shift. In the final results chapt

Internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi (iKBT) är en effektiv och snabbt växnade behandlingsform, som fortfarande är relativt lite beforskad. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur internetterapeuters kommunikation med klienter kan se ut, med data från en behandlingsstudie för unga med depression. Meddelanden från fem behandlingar med gott utfall analyserades med tematisk analys (TA). Studien fokuserade på terapeutbeteendena uppmuntra och bekräfta, samt hur terapeuter använder personligt tilltal. Analysen resulterade i sammanlagt tolv teman. Diskussionen visar hur temana skapar ett övergripande mönster där behandlingen beskrivs som ett hårt arbete, vilket kräver en stark klient, som förväntas bli motiverad av terapeuten. Fynden diskuteras också utifrån behandligens teoretiska grund, tidigare forskning kring terapeutbeteenden samt det faktum att behandligen ges över internet., EaRly internet-based interventions for Children and Adolescents (ERiCA)

De två kemiskt nära besläktade metallerna niob (Nb) och tantal (Ta) räknas av Europakommissionen som kritiska råmaterial. Detta på grund av en kraftigt ökad efterfrågan och en geografiskt koncentrerad global produktion av dem. Det här arbetet utgör en del av ett större projekt som bedrivs av EuroGeoSurveys (EGS); GeoERA FRAME, som har till syfte att kartlägga förekomsten av kritiska råmaterial inom EU. Två granitpegmatitiska prov från Kolsva fältspatgruva har undersökts med avseende på deras kemi och mineralogi; dels sådana som tentativt identifierats som kolumbitmineral och dels sådana som innehåller ett samarskitliknande mineral. I arbetet har tre huvudsakliga analysmetoder använts: 1) optisk mikroskopi, 2) svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) med energidispersiv mikrokemisk analys (EDS), samt 3) pulverröntgendiffraktionsanalys (XRD). De kemiska analyserna som genomfördes på ”kolumbit-proven” visade att de bestod av kolumbit-(Fe), med generell formel AB2O6 och med en järndominans i A-katjonposition och niobdominans i B-katjonposition. Analyserna visad även på förekomst av mineral tillhörande pyroklorsupergruppen. De samarskitartade mineralen uppvisade en partiell likhet med samarskitgruppmineral (generell formel ABO4), men med hög grad av metamiktisering, dåliga stökiometrier, låga REE-halter, samt med varierande järn- och kalciumdominans i tentativ A-katjonposition och niobdominans i B-katjonpositionen. Även aluminiumsilikater, mineral från spinellgruppen samt hematit påvisades. Uppsprickning av de metamikta och spröda samarskitartade mineralen har möjliggjort en fluidmedierad omvandling, vilket bl.a. lett till bildning av sekundär radiogen blyglans. Resultaten av undersökningarna bekräftar att Kolsvapegmatiten representerar ett lokalt niob-tantalmineraliserat system., The two chemically related metals niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are classified by the European Commission as critical raw materials. This is due to a highly increased demand and a limited global supply situation for these metals. This work is a part of a larger project run by EuroGeoSurveys (EGS); the GeoERA FRAME, which aims to map the distribution of critical raw materials in the EU. Two granitic pegmatite samples from the Kolsva feldspar mine were studied with regards to their chemistry and mineralogy. They had been tentatively identified as consisting of a columbite mineral and a samarskite-like mineral, respectively. In the project, three main analytical methods have been used: 1) optical microscopy, 2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and 3) powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The analyses performed on the “columbite samples” indicated that most of them were columbite-(Fe), general formula AB2O6, with an iron dominance in the A-cation position and niobium dominance in the B-cation position. The analyses also indicated the presence of minerals belonging to the pyrochlore supergroup. The analyses of the samarskite-like minerals yielded results showing a partial resemblance to the samarskite group minerals (general formula ABO4), but with a high degree of metamictisation, poor stoichiometries, low to very low REE contents, variable iron and calcium-dominance in a tentative A-cation position and niobium-dominance in the B-cation position. Aluminium silicates, minerals from the spinel group and hematite were also observed in this assemblage. Fracturing of the brittle, metamict samarskite-like minerals have enabled a fluid-mediated alteration, which a.o. led to the formation of secondary radiogenic galena. The study confirms that the Kolsva pegmatite represents a locally Nb-Ta mineralised system.

Mineralogical-mineral chemical characterisation of Nb-Ta-bearingassemblages from the Stripåsen granitic pegmatite, NorbergJens Henriksson The occurrence of Nb-Ta-bearing minerals has earlier been briefly documented inthe Stripåsen granitic pegmatite, Norberg, central Bergslagen. This report describesthe background, preparation and basic characterisation of sampled Nb-Ta-bearingmineral assemblages from this pegmatite. These comprise (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxides of mainly a tantalum-dominated A 2-m B 2 X 6-w Y 1-n -type, belonging to the pyrochloresupergroup. The major primary mineral is suggested to have been afluorcalciomicrolite, ideally (Ca,Na,☐) 2 Ta 2 O 6 F. In association with abundant fractureformation related to metamictisation of the microlite minerals, they are interpreted tohave been variably altered by late-stage fluids. Thus, the system has beenextensively modified after the primary crystallisation of the pegmatite melt. Besidesthese (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxides, monazite-(Ce) ((Ce, LREE)PO 4 ), nativebismuth (Bi) and presumably radiogenic galena (PbS) were identified. The sampleshave mainly been studied by means of scanning-electron-microscopy with energydispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), utilising reflected polarised light microscopy asa complementary tool. The study was done within the framework of the EU-supported FRAME-project which is focused on a selection of metals and minerals,among others niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta)., Sammanfattning Mineralogisk-mineralkemisk karakterisering av Nb-Ta-förande associationerfrån Stripåsenpegmatiten, NorbergJens Henriksson Förekomsten av Nb-Ta-förande mineral har tidigare dokumenteras iStripåsenpegmatiten, Norberg, centrala Bergslagen. Här redogörs för bakgrund,provförberedelse och grundläggande karakterisering av provtagna Nb-Ta-förandemineralassociationer från denna pegmatit. Proven som undersökts innehåller(Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxider av främst tantaldominerad A 2-m B 2 X 6-w Y 1-n -typtillhörande pyroklorsupergruppen. Den huvudsakliga primära fasen tolkas ha varit enfluorkalciomikrolit, idealiskt (Ca,Na,☐) 2 Ta 2 O 6 F. I anslutning till rikligt förekommandesprickor som är relaterade till omfattande metamiktisering har mikroliternaomvandlats i varierande grad av sena fluider. Systemet har alltså förändrats kraftigtefter den primära kristallisationen av pegmatitsmältan. Förutom (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxider identifierades monazit-(Ce) ((Ce,LREE)PO 4 ), gedigen vismut (Bi)och vad som sannolikt är radiogen blyglans (PbS). Provmaterialet har huvudsakligenundersökts med genom svepelektronmikroskopi med energidispersiv spektroskopi(SEM-EDS), varvid malmmikroskopi har använts som ett kompletterande verktyg.Studien gjordes inom ramverket för det EU-stödda FRAME-projektet som blandannat fokuserar på förekomster av de kritiska och konfliktrelaterade metallerna niob(Nb) och tantal (Ta).

In December 1884, Frritt-Flacc, was first published in the literary supplement Le Figaro Illustré and afterwards, in 1886, as a book, together with Un Billet de Loterie. It is a brief short story that differs significantly from the idea that most readers have about Verne’s best-known works. From the very first translation in 1885 up to the present time, 17 different formats of Spanish editions can be found, including in print, in digital format, as an audio book, on mobile applications, and so on. In this paper, we carry out a comparative study of the various types of translations, which may or may not translate the same source text, concentrating on analysing extracts depicting landscapes, scenery, and locations. The “Six-Four”, a rare building which so far has not been studied in-depth, is interpreted in detail while we also consider how translators have attempted to explain this key structural element in the Frritt-Flacc narrative. As a result, aspects of the source text that had so far remained unnoticed are identified and critically explained., En décembre 1884, les lecteurs du supplément littéraire Le Figaro illustré ont déjà pu lire Frritt-Flacc, publié après en livre (1886) avec Un billet de loterie. C’est un récit très court et bien différent de la conception qu’un lecteur moyen possède de l’oeuvre vernienne. Depuis la première traduction (1885) jusqu’à nos jours on a recensé environ dix-sept formats d’édition en espagnol : imprimé, numérique, audio-livre, application mobile... Nous nous proposons ici de comparer ces traductions provenant – ou non – du même texte source, d’examiner les passages de la nouvelle en rapport avec les lieux, la scène et le paysage. On insistera sur le « Six-Quatre », une construction bizarre qui, pour le moment, n’a pas été très bien expliquée. On révisera comment les traducteurs y ont répondu afin de contribuer au déchiffrage de cet élément, l’un des organisateurs du récit, ce qui nous permettra d’élucider des aspects du texte de départ devenus inaperçus.

In December 1884, Frritt-Flacc, was first published in the literary supplement Le Figaro Illustré and afterwards, in 1886, as a book, together with Un Billet de Loterie. It is a brief short story that differs significantly from the idea that most readers have about Verne’s best-known works. From the very first translation in 1885 up to the present time, 17 different formats of Spanish editions can be found, including in print, in digital format, as an audio book, on mobile applications, and so on. In this paper, we carry out a comparative study of the various types of translations, which may or may not translate the same source text, concentrating on analysing extracts depicting landscapes, scenery, and locations. The “Six-Four”, a rare building which so far has not been studied in-depth, is interpreted in detail while we also consider how translators have attempted to explain this key structural element in the Frritt-Flacc narrative. As a result, aspects of the source text that had so far remained unnoticed are identified and critically explained., En décembre 1884, les lecteurs du supplément littéraire Le Figaro illustré ont déjà pu lire Frritt-Flacc, publié après en livre (1886) avec Un billet de loterie. C’est un récit très court et bien différent de la conception qu’un lecteur moyen possède de l’oeuvre vernienne. Depuis la première traduction (1885) jusqu’à nos jours on a recensé environ dix-sept formats d’édition en espagnol : imprimé, numérique, audio-livre, application mobile... Nous nous proposons ici de comparer ces traductions provenant – ou non – du même texte source, d’examiner les passages de la nouvelle en rapport avec les lieux, la scène et le paysage. On insistera sur le « Six-Quatre », une construction bizarre qui, pour le moment, n’a pas été très bien expliquée. On révisera comment les traducteurs y ont répondu afin de contribuer au déchiffrage de cet élément, l’un des organisateurs du récit, ce qui nous permettra d’élucider des aspects du texte de départ devenus inaperçus.

Mineralogical-mineral chemical characterisation of Nb-Ta-bearingassemblages from the Stripåsen granitic pegmatite, NorbergJens Henriksson The occurrence of Nb-Ta-bearing minerals has earlier been briefly documented inthe Stripåsen granitic pegmatite, Norberg, central Bergslagen. This report describesthe background, preparation and basic characterisation of sampled Nb-Ta-bearingmineral assemblages from this pegmatite. These comprise (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxides of mainly a tantalum-dominated A 2-m B 2 X 6-w Y 1-n -type, belonging to the pyrochloresupergroup. The major primary mineral is suggested to have been afluorcalciomicrolite, ideally (Ca,Na,☐) 2 Ta 2 O 6 F. In association with abundant fractureformation related to metamictisation of the microlite minerals, they are interpreted tohave been variably altered by late-stage fluids. Thus, the system has beenextensively modified after the primary crystallisation of the pegmatite melt. Besidesthese (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxides, monazite-(Ce) ((Ce, LREE)PO 4 ), nativebismuth (Bi) and presumably radiogenic galena (PbS) were identified. The sampleshave mainly been studied by means of scanning-electron-microscopy with energydispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), utilising reflected polarised light microscopy asa complementary tool. The study was done within the framework of the EU-supported FRAME-project which is focused on a selection of metals and minerals,among others niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta)., Sammanfattning Mineralogisk-mineralkemisk karakterisering av Nb-Ta-förande associationerfrån Stripåsenpegmatiten, NorbergJens Henriksson Förekomsten av Nb-Ta-förande mineral har tidigare dokumenteras iStripåsenpegmatiten, Norberg, centrala Bergslagen. Här redogörs för bakgrund,provförberedelse och grundläggande karakterisering av provtagna Nb-Ta-förandemineralassociationer från denna pegmatit. Proven som undersökts innehåller(Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxider av främst tantaldominerad A 2-m B 2 X 6-w Y 1-n -typtillhörande pyroklorsupergruppen. Den huvudsakliga primära fasen tolkas ha varit enfluorkalciomikrolit, idealiskt (Ca,Na,☐) 2 Ta 2 O 6 F. I anslutning till rikligt förekommandesprickor som är relaterade till omfattande metamiktisering har mikroliternaomvandlats i varierande grad av sena fluider. Systemet har alltså förändrats kraftigtefter den primära kristallisationen av pegmatitsmältan. Förutom (Y,REE,U,Th)-(Nb,Ta,Ti)-oxider identifierades monazit-(Ce) ((Ce,LREE)PO 4 ), gedigen vismut (Bi)och vad som sannolikt är radiogen blyglans (PbS). Provmaterialet har huvudsakligenundersökts med genom svepelektronmikroskopi med energidispersiv spektroskopi(SEM-EDS), varvid malmmikroskopi har använts som ett kompletterande verktyg.Studien gjordes inom ramverket för det EU-stödda FRAME-projektet som blandannat fokuserar på förekomster av de kritiska och konfliktrelaterade metallerna niob(Nb) och tantal (Ta).

CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements, but employment of this resistance mechanism is often reported with a fitness cost for the host. Whether or not CRISPR-Cas systems are important barriers for the horizontal spread of conjugative plasmids, which play a crucial role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, will depend on the fitness costs of employing CRISPR-based defences and the benefits of resisting conjugative plasmids. To estimate these costs and benefits we measured bacterial fitness associated with plasmid immunity using Escherichia coli and the conjugative plasmid pOX38-Cm. We find that CRISPR-mediated immunity fails to confer a fitness benefit in the absence of antibiotics, despite the large fitness cost associated with carrying the plasmid in this context. Similar to many other conjugative plasmids, pOX38-Cm carries a CcdAB toxin-anti-toxin (TA) addiction system. These addiction systems encode long-lived toxins and short-lived anti-toxins, resulting in toxic effects following the loss of the TA genes from the bacterial host. Our data suggest that the lack of a fitness benefit associated with CRISPR-mediated defence is due to expression of the TA system before plasmid detection and degradation. As most antibiotic resistance plasmids encode TA systems this could have important consequences for the role of CRISPR-Cas systems in limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance.

This Research Work in Progress paper presents a study on how teaching assistants (TAs) in introductory computer science courses experience their roles and responsibilities in programming lab sessions. Eight semi-structured interviews were performed with TAs who worked in different introductory computer science courses at a technical university in Sweden. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: uncertainty with assessing, lack of training and instructions, communication and students in focus. The most important finding is that TAs, even those with long experience of teaching, experienced uncertainties with the assessment of the assignments. Typically, the guidelines given to the TAs only included the functionalities of the program, but the TAs express that they also assessed whether the students understood the concepts and how their code worked. Noteworthily, the TAs had been offered none or little formal training and instead relied on informal mentorships and own experiences. Furthermore, the course structure and communication channels were also described as areas that could be improved. The TAs did, however, try to assist all their students, and tutor and support them from the best of their abilities., QC 20190610

A large variety of analytical techniques are available to meet the needs of characterization of solid samples. But, when solid drug delivery systems are concerned we are faced with demanding methodologies which have to compile capabilities of analytical techniques in regard to large diversity of structures and surface functionality of analyzed adsorbent carriers. In this review, the most commonly used analytical techniques are presented with their basic principles, advantages and disadvantages in applications of interest. Adsorbent carriers are widely used today as ingredients in the formulation of pharmaceutical forms, for increasing the dissolution rate of the drug and hence the bioavailability. They are also used in the formulation of substances with modified or target drug release into a specific tissue. Methods of thermal analysis (Thermogravimetry - TGA, Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC and Thermal microscopy - TM), spectroscopic methods (Infrared Spectroscopy - IR, especially Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR and Raman spectroscopy), crystallographic methods (Powder X-Ray Diffraction - PXRD) and finally Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are the most powerful in the characterization of modern therapeutic systems with porous adsorbents. The problem-solving power of each particular analytical method is often enhanced by using simultaneous methods rather than a single technique.

Laser-induced defects in glasses are of considerable interest for many applications from optics to photonics. The importance of low-level impurities of polyvalent ions in aiding defect formation has been identified early on. (Fluoride-)phosphate glasses are used today as laser materials, waveguides, amplifiers and luminescing materials, all sensitive to a change of the materials transmission by the interaction with light during application. To better understand the processes of defect generation and recovery, a systematic comparison of defect formation in various glasses and for various radiation sources and dopants has been conducted over the last decades. Here we will focus on (fluoride-) phosphate glasses doped with 50 to 5000 ppm of the 4d and 5d ions Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo and W. Glasses were melted under air or under reducing conditions in order to shift the redox equilibrium of the dopants before irradiation with either the 193 nm or 248 nm excimer laser. Only for W, Mo and Nb reduced ion species were confirmed by optical and/or ESR spectroscopy in the pre-irradiated glasses. However, irradiation showed for all metaphosphates the presence of reduced dopant species (W5+, Mo5+, Ta4+, Nb4+, Zr3+), acting as extrinsic hole centers (HC) after being photo-oxidized by laser irradiation to the fully oxidized d ions (Mn+)(+)-HC. Only for Ta5+ with its (Ta5+)(-)-electron center (EC), photo-reduction to the tetravalent ion was observed. Defect recovery was followed up to 16 years after the irradiation experiments, showing that most (Mn+)(+)-HC were very stable, while intrinsic HC either recombined with EC or converted into extrinsic (Mn+)(+)-HC. Due to ubiquitous iron impurities, even these high purity glasses with iron levels of 5-10 ppm or less, showed the formation of (Fe2+)(+)-HC.

Seasonal changes affect the concentration of dust particles and aeroallergens in the equine stable environment and are hypothesized to change airway cytology in healthy stabled horses. The objective of the study was to evaluate if seasonal changes from May to November influenced the lower airway health cytological findings in clinically healthy stabled horses. Endoscopic examination, including tracheal aspiration (TA) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology was performed in November and May on 63 clinically healthy stabled Danish Warmblood geldings, aged 12.9 (±4.6) years. Tracheal aspiration and BAL cytology were evaluated via May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain after cytocentrifugation of samples. Five-hundred cells were identified microscopically as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, or mast cells. A significant difference in climatic conditions with lower temperatures (P < .001), fewer sunlight hours (P = .004), less precipitation (P = .006), and higher humidity (P < .001) was found in November compared to May. A significantly higher percentage of neutrophils (Median 6.10%, Quartiles 4.00–8.80, P < .001) and a higher tracheal mucus score (Median 3.50%, Quartiles 1.95–5.20, P = .010) were found during November compared to May period. Furthermore, a positive correlation between TA and BAL neutrophils was found for both sampling times. Mild winter weather conditions with lower temperatures, fewer minutes of sunlight, and a higher percent humidity were associated with significantly higher BAL neutrophil percentage and significantly higher mucus score in stabled clinical healthy horses. The clear seasonal influence on BAL neutrophilia and tracheal mucous findings in clinically normal horse needs to be included in the working diagnosis of asthma in horses.

NIRSpec is the flagship spectrograph for JWST in the 0.6 to 5.3 micron wavelength range. Observation with the Micro- Shutter Assembly (MSA) for multiobject spectroscopy (MOS) will use configurable shutters to form spectral slits and provide the first space-based MOS capabilities. The NIRSpec Micro-shutter Assembly Target Acquisition (MSATA) is an autonomous target acquisition scheme to acquire and position targets accurately with respect to the spectral slits. The method uses measured centroid positions of reference stars with accurately known relative positions across the target field for this process. MSATA performs not only linear offsets, but any required telescope orient (roll) correction to remove blind-pointing alignment error. The MSATA procedure can be used for most NIRSpec science and will be a prerequisite for most NIRSpec MOS mode observations. Astrometry relating the positions of science targets and candidate reference stars with a relative accuracy of 5 - 10 mas will be needed to deliver the best calibration accuracy of science sources. With this level of planning accuracy, the MSATA procedure should yield a final total pointing accuracy for NIRSpec MOS targets of <20 mas within the preselected 200 mas-wide MSA shutter. Here we present analysis of test cases using simulated datasets that were used to help define and check operations flow for NIRSpec MSATA.

The pairwise interaction energies of O–O and N–N in bcc metals of group VB, which were calculated earlier using first-principles methods, have been employed to analyze the effect of the interatomic interactions on the configurational contribution to the thermodynamic activity. The strong effect of interstitial- interstitial interaction has been shown. The configurational contribution grows in the row (Nb–N) → (V–N) → (Ta–N) → (Nb–O) → (V–O) → (Ta–O), which is caused by a weakening of the mutual attraction of interstitial atoms in these solid solutions. The strong repulsion that characterizes the majority of coordination shells only weakly affects the thermodynamic activity. The character of the temperature dependence of the configurational contribution is defined by the strength of the mutual attraction of the interstitial atoms, i.e., upon strong attraction, the contribution increases with increasing temperature (Nb–N, V–N, Ta–N, and Nb–O) and, upon weak attraction, it decreases (V–O and Ta–O)., QC 20170609

Given the proliferation of essays and articles about the artistic work of architects, sculptors and painters, it does no hurt, that from time to time, focus research on the work of other artist, who dedicated their life and ingenuity to other arts which, erroneously, are considered minor. This work delves into the work of an artist’s family who worked in Madrid in the 17th, characters related to different areas of artistic life, dealing with characters of the likes of Velázquez, José Villarreal and Juan de Lobera, among others. This is the Sota, the famous family of smelters and carvers., Ante la proliferación de ensayos y artículos sobre la labor artística de arquitectos, escultores y pintores, no viene mal que, de vez en cuando, se centre la investigación en el trabajo de otros artífices, que dedicaron su vida e ingenio a otras artes que, erróneamente, se consideraban menores. Este trabajo se adentra en la labor de una familia de artistas que trabajaron en el Madrid del siglo XVII, personajes relacionados con diversos ámbitos de la vida artística, tratando con personajes de la talla de Velázquez, José de Villarreal y Juan de Lobera, entre otros. Se trata de los Sota, la afamada familia de fundidores y entalladores.

Given the proliferation of essays and articles about the artistic work of architects, sculptors and painters, it does no hurt, that from time to time, focus research on the work of other artist, who dedicated their life and ingenuity to other arts which, erroneously, are considered minor. This work delves into the work of an artist’s family who worked in Madrid in the 17th, characters related to different areas of artistic life, dealing with characters of the likes of Velázquez, José Villarreal and Juan de Lobera, among others. This is the Sota, the famous family of smelters and carvers., Ante la proliferación de ensayos y artículos sobre la labor artística de arquitectos, escultores y pintores, no viene mal que, de vez en cuando, se centre la investigación en el trabajo de otros artífices, que dedicaron su vida e ingenio a otras artes que, erróneamente, se consideraban menores. Este trabajo se adentra en la labor de una familia de artistas que trabajaron en el Madrid del siglo XVII, personajes relacionados con diversos ámbitos de la vida artística, tratando con personajes de la talla de Velázquez, José de Villarreal y Juan de Lobera, entre otros. Se trata de los Sota, la afamada familia de fundidores y entalladores.

The possible environmental impact of the recent increase in use of a group of technology-critical elements (Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge and Te) is analysed by reviewing published concentration profiles in environmental archives (ice cores, ombrotrophic peat bogs, freshwater sediments and moss surveys) and evaluating temporal trends in surface waters. No increase has so far been recorded. The low potential direct emissions of these elements, resulting from their absolute low production levels, make it unlikely that the increasing use of these elements in modern technology has any noticeable effect on their environmental concentrations on a global scale. This holds particularly true for those of these elements that are probably emitted in relatively high amounts from other human activities (i.e., coal combustion and non-ferrous smelting), such as In, the most studied element of the group.

The research results obtained when developing a technique for determining the Ga, Hf and Ta contents in samples of rare earth ores of Katuginsk’s deposit (Transbaikal) using the S8 TIGER crystal diffraction spectrometer (Bruker AXS, Germany) are presented. As an analytical line for Ta it is appropriate to use TaLβ1-line, and GaKα1- (0.1340 nm) and HfLβ1- (0.1374 nm) spectral lines were selected as the analytical lines for Ga and Hf respectively. The experimental evaluation of a contribution to the intensities of the used analytical lines of extraneous radiation of Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu is made. For the quantification of Ga it is necessary to take into account the effect of radiation overlapping the spectral ZnKb1,3, NbKβ1II, ErLγ1, HfLβ1, and TaLβ1 lines on the intensity of GaKα1-line, ZnKb1,3, GaKα1, NbKβ1II, ErLγ1, HfLβ1, WLβ1-lines on the intensity of TaLβ1-line, CuKβ1, GaKa1, ZrKβ1II, DyLγ4, ErLγ1, and TaLβ1 on the intensity of HfLβ1-line. The conditions are selected for the excitation and radiation detection of the characteristic lines and the background radiation of Ga, Hf, and Ta. The measurement time of line intensities and background of Ga, Hf, and Ta was 100 and 80, 200 and 150, 300 and 200 s respectively. The calculated detection limits for Ga, Hf, and Ta were (in ppm) 1.6, 4.3, and 2.6 respectively. To construct the calibration curve, a set of certified reference materials (CRMs) and prepared synthetic mixtures were used. The ranges of the determined contents were (in ppm) 1.6 – 212, 4.3 – 960, and 2.6 – 5200 for Ga, Hf, and Ta respectively. The quantification of concentrations of Ga, Hf, and Ta was performed in 120 samples of rare earth ores using the developed technique, and the range of these element contents was (in ppm) 1.6 – 174, 4 – 1950, and 2 – 1900 respectively., Представлены результаты исследований по разработке методики определения содержаний Ga, Hf и Ta применительно к образцам редкоземельных руд Катугинского месторождения (Забайкалье) с использованием кристалл-дифракционного спектрометра S8 TIGER. В качестве аналитической линии для Ta целесообразно использовать TaLβ1-линию, для измерения Ga и Hf выбраны GaKα1 (0.1340 нм) и HfLβ1 (0.1374 нм) спектральные линии. Произведена экспериментальная оценка вклада в интенсивности используемых аналитических линий излучения Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb и Lu. Для количественного определения содержаний Ga необходимо учитывать влияние наложения на интенсивность GaKα1-линии излучения следующих спектральных линий: ZnKb1,3, NbKβ1II, ErLγ1, HfLβ1, TaLβ1; для TaLβ1-линии: ZnKb1,3, GaKα1, NbKβ1II, ErLγ1, HfLβ1, WLβ1- линий; для HfLβ1-линии: CuKβ1, GaKa1, ZrKβ1II, DyLγ4, ErLγ1 и TaLβ1. Выбраны условия для возбуждения и регистрации излучения характеристических линий и фонового излучения Ga, Hf и Ta. Время измерения интенсивностей излучения аналитических линий и фона Ga, Hf и Ta: 100 и 80, 200 и 150, 300 и 200 с соответственно. Рассчитаны пределы обнаружения для Ga, Hf и Ta соответственно (в ppm): 1.6, 4.3, 2.6. Для построения градуировочных кривых использовали набор стандартных образцов и приготовленных синтетических смесей. Диапазоны определяемых содержаний составили для Ga, Hf и Ta соответственно (в ppm): 1.6 – 212, 4.3 – 960, 2.6 – 5200. С помощью разработанной методики выполнено количественное определение концентраций Ga, Hf и Ta в 120 образцах редкоземельных руд; диапазон содержаний определяемых элементов составил соответственно (в ppm): 1.6 – 174, 4 – 1950, 2 – 1900.

The attacks in Casablanca on May 16, 2003, changed the political landscape of Morocco and its attitude in the fight against jihadist terrorism ending the illusion of Moroccan exceptionality to the terrorist threat and its consideration as a bulwark against fundamentalism. This reassuring story was based on the condition of the king as Commander of the Faithful rising above the demands and disputes between the various sectors of Moroccan Islamism, something that so far had seemed a fortress, but that also carried the symptoms of his own weakness. In the Casablanca bombings this fragility was tangibly shown when some of these sectors questioned both, the religious and political legitimacy of the Moroccan monarchy. The chain of trust social stability depended on was irretrievably broken which posed the dilemma of the monarchy´s ability to manage the security risks while performing a safe political transition. Thereafter and as a sign of this new awareness, security became foremost, the main concern of the Moroccan authorities, Los atentados de Casablanca del 16 de mayo de 2003, cambiaron el panorama político del país y su actitud en la lucha contra el terrorismo yihadista y acabaron con la ilusión de la excepcionalidad de Marruecos y su consideración de baluarte contra el fundamentalismo. Esta historia tranquilizadora basada en la condición de «Comendador de los Creyentes» con la que el rey buscaba situarse por encima de las demandas y disputas entre los distintos sectores del islamismo marroquí, algo que hasta entonces había parecido una fortaleza, se demostró que también llevaba los síntomas de su propia debilidad. En los atentados de Casablanca se exhibió de modo palpable esta fragilidad al mostrar como algunos de esos sectores cuestionaban su legitimidad tanto religiosa como política. La cadena de confianza en que se fundaba la estabilidad social quedó rota irremediablemente. En lo sucesivo y como muestra de esta nueva conciencia, la seguridad pasó a convertirse en la principal preocupación de las autoridades marroquíes.

The attacks in Casablanca on May 16, 2003, changed the political landscape of Morocco and its attitude in the fight against jihadist terrorism ending the illusion of Moroccan exceptionality to the terrorist threat and its consideration as a bulwark against fundamentalism. This reassuring story was based on the condition of the king as Commander of the Faithful rising above the demands and disputes between the various sectors of Moroccan Islamism, something that so far had seemed a fortress, but that also carried the symptoms of his own weakness. In the Casablanca bombings this fragility was tangibly shown when some of these sectors questioned both, the religious and political legitimacy of the Moroccan monarchy. The chain of trust social stability depended on was irretrievably broken which posed the dilemma of the monarchy´s ability to manage the security risks while performing a safe political transition. Thereafter and as a sign of this new awareness, security became foremost, the main concern of the Moroccan authorities, Los atentados de Casablanca del 16 de mayo de 2003, cambiaron el panorama político del país y su actitud en la lucha contra el terrorismo yihadista y acabaron con la ilusión de la excepcionalidad de Marruecos y su consideración de baluarte contra el fundamentalismo. Esta historia tranquilizadora basada en la condición de «Comendador de los Creyentes» con la que el rey buscaba situarse por encima de las demandas y disputas entre los distintos sectores del islamismo marroquí, algo que hasta entonces había parecido una fortaleza, se demostró que también llevaba los síntomas de su propia debilidad. En los atentados de Casablanca se exhibió de modo palpable esta fragilidad al mostrar como algunos de esos sectores cuestionaban su legitimidad tanto religiosa como política. La cadena de confianza en que se fundaba la estabilidad social quedó rota irremediablemente. En lo sucesivo y como muestra de esta nueva conciencia, la seguridad pasó a convertirse en la principal preocupación de las autoridades marroquíes.