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This paper seeks to approach the role that His-tory plays in the hermeneutical philosophical tradition, both as a reality and as knowledge. To that end, it engages the theories of two con-temporary exponents of said tradition: Gianni Vattimo and Charles Taylor. Starting from a synthetic exposition of their theoretical pro-posals, both on an epistemological level and regarding their interpretation of the contem-porary age, it intends to identify coincidences and disagreements between both theoretical models. Then, through a critical comparison, each theory’s weaknesses and potential contra-dictions are brought to light. In the conclusive remarks, it seeks to defend the superiority of Taylor’s approach to historical knowledge since it more consistently respects the plurality of in-terpretations of processes and events while also leaving open the possibility of moral and politi-cal normative evaluations., El presente artículo busca aproximarse al papel que la historia —como realidad y como conocimiento— ocupa en la filosofía hermenéutica. Para ello, se aborda la teoría de dos exponentes contemporáneos de dicha tradición: Gianni Vattimo y Charles Taylor. A partir de una exposición sintética de la propuesta de ambos autores, tanto en un plano epistemológico como en el de su interpretación puntual de la época contemporánea, se pretende identificar similitudes y diferencias entre ambos modelos. Posteriormente, a través de una comparación crítica, se resaltan las debilidades y posibles contradicciones de cada planteamiento. En la conclusión, se busca defender la superioridad de la aproximación tayloreana al conocimiento histórico, en la medida que respeta de manera más consistente la pluralidad de interpretaciones de los procesos y eventos, al tiempo que deja abierta la vía para una evaluación moral y política normativa.

In a fusion plasma, the ions have to be heated to reach fusion relevant temperatures. One possibility is to launch an electromagnetic wave in the radio frequency band into the plasma. This wave can resonate with the ions at their cyclotron frequency and hence, the method is called ion cyclotron resonance heating. If the Larmor radius is of similar length scales as the wavelength, finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects are important. This introduces additional possible wave modes. To accurately predict the heating, simulations of these additional modes can be important. In order to describe the FLR effects in simulations, this work applies a Taylor expansion to second order in the perpendicular wavenumber of the dielectric tensor. In real space, the Taylor expansion corresponds to a series of spatial derivatives. These derivatives are implemented as weak-form contributions for a onedimensional finite element method (FEM)simulation. The approach is realized in a fork of the FEMIC code, coupling plasma physics in MATLAB with the FEM solver in COMSOL. The discretization of the FEM solver is adapted using a Helmholtz filter to provide the required degree of smoothness. Our approach proves successful to simulate FLR effects within the limitations caused by the modeling choices. We compare results with an all-order FLR method, showing good qualitative agreement. This work serves as a proof of concept to describe challenges on the way towards incorporation of second order FLR effects in twodimensional simulations in FEMIC., I ett fusionsplasma måste jonerna värmas för att plasmat ska nå temperaturer relevanta för fusion. En möjlighet är att sända in en elektromagnetisk våg i radiofrekvensbandet i plasmat. Den vågen kan sedan resonera med jonerna vid deras cyklotronfrekvens, och därför kallas metoden för joncyklotronresonansuppvärmning. Om våglängden är jämförbar med Larmorradien blir ändliga Larmorradie-effekter viktiga. Detta möjliggör ytterligare typer av vågor. Det kan vara viktigt att simulera dessa typer av vågor för att förutsäga uppvärmningen på ett träffsäkert vis. I denna masteruppsats Taylorutvecklar vi den dielektriska tensorn till andra ordningen i det vinkelräta vågtalet för att beskriva hur FLR-effekter påverkar simuleringarna. I det reella rummet motsvarar Taylorutvecklingen en serie av rumsliga derivator. Dessa derivator implementeras sedan som bidrag på svag form i en endimensionell modell som löses med den finita elementmetoden (FEM). Metoden implementeras i FEMIC-koden, som kopplar plasmafysik i MATLAB med FEM-lösaren i COMSOL. Diskretiseringen av FEM anpassas med ett Helmholtzfilter för att få en tillräckligt slät funktion. Ansatsen visar sig kunna framgångrikt simulera FLR-effekter, med vissa förväntade begränsningar. Lösningen jämförs sedan med lösningen från en metod som tar hänsyn till FLR-effekter, men som inte är baserad på en serieuteckling. Vi finner god kvalitativ överensstämmelse. Detta arbete fungerar som en prototyp och ämnar att beskriva de utmaningar som kan uppstå vid implementation av FLR-effekter den tvådimensionella axisymmetriska versionen av FEMIC.

In a fusion plasma, the ions have to be heated to reach fusion relevant temperatures. One possibility is to launch an electromagnetic wave in the radio frequency band into the plasma. This wave can resonate with the ions at their cyclotron frequency and hence, the method is called ion cyclotron resonance heating. If the Larmor radius is of similar length scales as the wavelength, finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects are important. This introduces additional possible wave modes. To accurately predict the heating, simulations of these additional modes can be important. In order to describe the FLR effects in simulations, this work applies a Taylor expansion to second order in the perpendicular wavenumber of the dielectric tensor. In real space, the Taylor expansion corresponds to a series of spatial derivatives. These derivatives are implemented as weak-form contributions for a onedimensional finite element method (FEM)simulation. The approach is realized in a fork of the FEMIC code, coupling plasma physics in MATLAB with the FEM solver in COMSOL. The discretization of the FEM solver is adapted using a Helmholtz filter to provide the required degree of smoothness. Our approach proves successful to simulate FLR effects within the limitations caused by the modeling choices. We compare results with an all-order FLR method, showing good qualitative agreement. This work serves as a proof of concept to describe challenges on the way towards incorporation of second order FLR effects in twodimensional simulations in FEMIC., I ett fusionsplasma måste jonerna värmas för att plasmat ska nå temperaturer relevanta för fusion. En möjlighet är att sända in en elektromagnetisk våg i radiofrekvensbandet i plasmat. Den vågen kan sedan resonera med jonerna vid deras cyklotronfrekvens, och därför kallas metoden för joncyklotronresonansuppvärmning. Om våglängden är jämförbar med Larmorradien blir ändliga Larmorradie-effekter viktiga. Detta möjliggör ytterligare typer av vågor. Det kan vara viktigt att simulera dessa typer av vågor för att förutsäga uppvärmningen på ett träffsäkert vis. I denna masteruppsats Taylorutvecklar vi den dielektriska tensorn till andra ordningen i det vinkelräta vågtalet för att beskriva hur FLR-effekter påverkar simuleringarna. I det reella rummet motsvarar Taylorutvecklingen en serie av rumsliga derivator. Dessa derivator implementeras sedan som bidrag på svag form i en endimensionell modell som löses med den finita elementmetoden (FEM). Metoden implementeras i FEMIC-koden, som kopplar plasmafysik i MATLAB med FEM-lösaren i COMSOL. Diskretiseringen av FEM anpassas med ett Helmholtzfilter för att få en tillräckligt slät funktion. Ansatsen visar sig kunna framgångrikt simulera FLR-effekter, med vissa förväntade begränsningar. Lösningen jämförs sedan med lösningen från en metod som tar hänsyn till FLR-effekter, men som inte är baserad på en serieuteckling. Vi finner god kvalitativ överensstämmelse. Detta arbete fungerar som en prototyp och ämnar att beskriva de utmaningar som kan uppstå vid implementation av FLR-effekter den tvådimensionella axisymmetriska versionen av FEMIC.

In this paper I present the position of two philosophers associated with the hermeneutic tradition, Gianni Vattimo and Charles Taylor, about the status of scientific knowledge in our contemporary world. Through a brief exposition of the fundamental features of their respective ontologies and epistemologies, I seek to offer a critical comparison. In the conclusion, I defend the superiority of Taylor’s formulation, inasmuch it allows to put in question the primacy of the natural science model without abandoning a realist conception of the world and of the category of truth., Resumen: En este artículo se presenta la posición de dos filósofos asociados a la hermenéutica, Gianni Vattimo y Charles Taylor, respecto del status del conocimiento científico en el mundo contemporáneo. Mediante una somera exposición de los rasgos fundamentales de sus respectivas ontologías y epistemologías, se busca realizar una comparación crítica. En la conclusión, se defiende la superioridad del planteo de Taylor, en la medida que permite discutir la primacía del modelo científico natural sin abandonar una concepción realista del mundo y de la categoría de verdad.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

While the Competitive Reaction Time Task (CRTT) is the most used behavioral aggression paradigm, it is characterized by methodological heterogeneity and quantification strategies for its' outcome are unstandardized. Therefore, the standards of measuring aggression should be improved. This article contributes on such an improvement by providing: (a) a freely available CRTT online administration program, and (b) a factor-analytically derived scoring method. Based on a combined sample (n = 423), a two-factor model was fit to the 30-trial CRTT version. The first factor included all trial scores subsequent to the first time the participant received aversive feedback (i.e., provoked factor) and the second factor included all trial scores prior to this first aversive feedback (i.e., unprovoked factor). Construct validity was evidenced based on the factors` differential relationship with self-reported aggression and narcissism. Our factor analytic findings empirically support the superiority of one of the existing CRTT scoring methods, that is, separately averaging all preprovocation versus all postprovocation trials. We discuss practical recommendations for CRTT users and outline future empirical avenues. This article aims at stimulating joint efforts to move toward standardization of CRTT implementation and outcome measure analysis.

The "absolute" scope and the ultimate condition of the Hegelian system has been a philosophical problem that some interpreters have described as "unsurpassable". This scope is interpreted by Charles Taylor as an absolute spirit that is "embodied" in finite spirits, whose freedom is a condition of possibility for its realization. Robert Pippin is dissatisfied with the interpretation of the subject as the "receiver" of the spirit, since it makes access to a concept of "freedom" understood as social recognition difficult. In the present work these two perspectives have been presented and compared and it has been concluded that, although they offer very diverse interpretations of Hegelian texts, their theses are largely complementary. This coincidence allows a new consideration of Hegel's traditional commentators., El alcance “absoluto” y el carácter definitivo del sistema hegeliano han constituido un problema filosófico que algunos intérpretes han calificado como “insuperable”. Este alcance es interpretado por Charles Taylor como un espíritu absoluto que queda “encarnado” en los espíritus finitos, cuya libertad es condición de posibilidad para su realización. Robert Pippin se muestra insatisfecho con la interpretación del sujeto en tanto “receptor” del espíritu, puesto que dificulta el acceso a un concepto de “libertad” entendido como reconocimiento social. En el presente trabajo se han presentado y comparado estas dos perspectivas y se ha concluido que, aunque ofrecen interpretaciones muy diversas sobre los textos hegelianos, sus tesis son en gran medida complementarias. Esta coincidencia permite una nueva consideración de los comentaristas tradicionales de Hegel.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

Denna uppsats kritiserar den sekulära diskursen som är dominerande i den svenska religionsundervisningen genom att diskutera olika förhållningssätt till sekularism. Studiens huvudfokus ligger på att diskutera begreppet religionskritik och hur man kan föra ett kritiskt samtal om den sekulära diskursen genom två förhållningssätt till sekularism. Tankar om sekularism från Charles Taylor och Ann af Burén utgör studiens material och diskussionen kring religionskritik utgår ifrån Mikael Stenmarks öppna strategi med ett speciellt fokus på immanent kritik. Analysen visar att både Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism möjliggör en immanent kritik då båda deras resonemang kan sägas utgöra interna skäl för att utforma kritik gentemot den sekulära diskursen. Till skillnad från den sekulära diskursen så förhåller sig både Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism relativt positiva till religion och menar att sekularism inte behöver innebära en uppdelning mellan det religiösa och icke-religiösa. Studien avslutas med att diskutera vad de eventuella didaktiska konsekvenserna kan bli om den sekulära diskursen kritiseras genom att använda sig av Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism. Den diskussionen utgår ifrån vikten av att kunna vara kritisk gentemot alla former av livsåskådningar i samhället för att motverka fördomar.

Denna uppsats kritiserar den sekulära diskursen som är dominerande i den svenska religionsundervisningen genom att diskutera olika förhållningssätt till sekularism. Studiens huvudfokus ligger på att diskutera begreppet religionskritik och hur man kan föra ett kritiskt samtal om den sekulära diskursen genom två förhållningssätt till sekularism. Tankar om sekularism från Charles Taylor och Ann af Burén utgör studiens material och diskussionen kring religionskritik utgår ifrån Mikael Stenmarks öppna strategi med ett speciellt fokus på immanent kritik. Analysen visar att både Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism möjliggör en immanent kritik då båda deras resonemang kan sägas utgöra interna skäl för att utforma kritik gentemot den sekulära diskursen. Till skillnad från den sekulära diskursen så förhåller sig både Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism relativt positiva till religion och menar att sekularism inte behöver innebära en uppdelning mellan det religiösa och icke-religiösa. Studien avslutas med att diskutera vad de eventuella didaktiska konsekvenserna kan bli om den sekulära diskursen kritiseras genom att använda sig av Taylor och af Buréns förhållningssätt till sekularism. Den diskussionen utgår ifrån vikten av att kunna vara kritisk gentemot alla former av livsåskådningar i samhället för att motverka fördomar.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the resilience of a group of 103 primary and secondary school students through an online survey toknow their general perception and to establish the differences depending on the educational stage.The study was carried out in June 2020 when all of them were still confined to their homes.Among the results, the importance of working with all of them on emotional communication with families, feeling part of the educational center, developing skills,and abilities and fostering knowledge of their strengths is highlighted.Few significant differences are found between these ages (10-15years),and it is proposed to considerthe Henderson and Milstein model to develop resilience in the educational environment, Se plantea una investigación que tiene como objetivo evaluar la resiliencia de un grupo de 103 alumnos y alumnas de primaria y secundaria, a través de una encuesta online para conocer su percepción general y establecer las diferencias en función de la etapa educativa. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el mes de junio de 2020 cuando todavía todos estaban confinados en sus casas. Entre los resultados se destaca la importancia de trabajar con todos ellos la comunicación emocional con las familias, sentirse partes del centro educativo, desarrollar habilidades y destrezas y fomentar el conocimiento de sus fortalezas. Se encuentran pocas diferencias significativas entre estas edades (10-15 años) y se propone tener en cuenta el modelo de Henderson y Milstein para desarrollar la resiliencia en el ámbito educativo.

In this paper I analyse two possible translations from hermeneutic philosophy into the field of political theory. Mainly, Gianni Vattimo’s conception of «weak thought» is presented, a nihilistic and postmodern version of the hermeneutic tradition. Against it, Charles Taylor’s proposal to manage multicultural is put forward —also informed by hermeneutic principles, although within a peculiar form of moral realism. Through a critical comparison between both works, I intend to hold that Taylor’s variant overcomes some of the contradictions and defects that Vattimo’s model exhibits. More generally, the position that I seek to defend is that a Hermeneutics that holds a relevant function for the concept of ‘truth’ is better suited to sustain a productive political model., En el presente trabajo se analizan dos de las posibles traducciones de la filosofía hermenéutica al campo de la teoría política. Principalmente, se expone la concepción del «pensamiento débil» de Gianni Vattimo, una versión nihilista y posmoderna de la tradición hermenéutica. En contraposición, se presenta la propuesta de Charles Taylor en relación con la gestión de la diversidad multicultural, también informada por principios hermenéuticos, pero dentro de una forma peculiar de realismo moral. A través de una comparación crítica entre la obra de ambos autores, se pretende sostener que la variante de Taylor supera algunas de las contradicciones y defectos que el modelo de Vattimo exhibe. Globalmente, la posición que se busca defender es que una hermenéutica que mantenga un lugar relevante para el concepto de «verdad» está mejor dotada para construir un modelo político productivo.

La presència de microplàstics en mars i oceans suposa una problemàtica pels ecosistemes marins afectant directament la salut dels éssers vius que s’hi troben. Els microplàstics col·lisionen amb biopartícules, per efecte de mecanismes de turbulència i càustiques, formant agregats que provoquen la dispersió vertical d’aquests microplàstics fet que suposa una dificultat afegida per la seva possible extracció de les aigües marines. Aquest treball té com a objectiu estudiar la dinàmica de la ràtio de col·lisions i la formació d’agregats entre microplàstics i biopartícules al mar, així com determinar la importància dels grups adimensionals que regeixen les interaccions entre elles. Els resultats que es presenten s’han obtingut a través de simulacions computacionals que han permès obtenir la ratió de col·lisió i les característiques constitutives dels agregats formats. S’ha utilitzat un model teòric per determinar en quines configuracions inicials predomina l’efecte de la turbulència o l’efecte de la càustica en la mecànica de producció de col·lisions., La presencia de microplásticos en mares y océanos supone una problemática para los ecosistemas marinos afectando directamente la salud de los seres vivos que ahí se encuentran. Los microplásticos colisionan con biopartículas, por efecto de mecanismos de turbulencia y causticas, formando agregados que provocan la dispersión vertical de estos microplásticos, hecho que supone una dificultad añadida para su posible extracción de aguas marinas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la dinámica de la ratio de colisión i la formación de agregados entre microplásticos y biopartículas en el mar, así como determinar la importancia de los grupos adimensionales que rigen las interacciones entre ellas. Los resultados que se presentan se han obtenido a través de simulaciones computacionales que han permitido obtener la ratio de colisiones y las características constitutivas de los agregados formados. Se ha usado un modelo teórico para determinar en cuáles configuraciones iniciales prima el efecto de la turbulencia o el de la cáustica en el mecanismo de producción de colisiones., The presence of microplastics in seas and oceans is a problem for marine ecosystems, directly affecting the health of living organisms being there. Microplastic collide with bioparticles due to the effect of turbulence and caustic mechanisms, creating aggregates that cause the vertical dispersion of these microplastics, which is an added difficulty to their possible extraction from sea. This work aims to study the dynamics of the collision rate and the formation of aggregates between microplastic and bioparticles in the sea, as well as to determine the importance of the dimensionless groups that govern the interactions between them. The results presented have been obtained through computational simulations that have made possible to obtain the collision rate and the constitutive characteristics of formed aggregates. A theoretical model has been used to determine in which initial configurations the effect of turbulence or the effect of caustics predominates on collision production mechanisms., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::14 - Vida Submarina

In this paper I analyse two possible translations from hermeneutic philosophy into the field of political theory. Mainly, Gianni Vattimo’s conception of «weak thought» is presented, a nihilistic and postmodern version of the hermeneutic tradition. Against it, Charles Taylor’s proposal to manage multicultural is put forward —also informed by hermeneutic principles, although within a peculiar form of moral realism. Through a critical comparison between both works, I intend to hold that Taylor’s variant overcomes some of the contradictions and defects that Vattimo’s model exhibits. More generally, the position that I seek to defend is that a Hermeneutics that holds a relevant function for the concept of ‘truth’ is better suited to sustain a productive political model., En el presente trabajo se analizan dos de las posibles traducciones de la filosofía hermenéutica al campo de la teoría política. Principalmente, se expone la concepción del «pensamiento débil» de Gianni Vattimo, una versión nihilista y posmoderna de la tradición hermenéutica. En contraposición, se presenta la propuesta de Charles Taylor en relación con la gestión de la diversidad multicultural, también informada por principios hermenéuticos, pero dentro de una forma peculiar de realismo moral. A través de una comparación crítica entre la obra de ambos autores, se pretende sostener que la variante de Taylor supera algunas de las contradicciones y defectos que el modelo de Vattimo exhibe. Globalmente, la posición que se busca defender es que una hermenéutica que mantenga un lugar relevante para el concepto de «verdad» está mejor dotada para construir un modelo político productivo.

While the Competitive Reaction Time Task (CRTT) is the most used behavioral aggression paradigm, it is characterized by methodological heterogeneity and quantification strategies for its' outcome are unstandardized. Therefore, the standards of measuring aggression should be improved. This article contributes on such an improvement by providing: (a) a freely available CRTT online administration program, and (b) a factor-analytically derived scoring method. Based on a combined sample (n = 423), a two-factor model was fit to the 30-trial CRTT version. The first factor included all trial scores subsequent to the first time the participant received aversive feedback (i.e., provoked factor) and the second factor included all trial scores prior to this first aversive feedback (i.e., unprovoked factor). Construct validity was evidenced based on the factors` differential relationship with self-reported aggression and narcissism. Our factor analytic findings empirically support the superiority of one of the existing CRTT scoring methods, that is, separately averaging all preprovocation versus all postprovocation trials. We discuss practical recommendations for CRTT users and outline future empirical avenues. This article aims at stimulating joint efforts to move toward standardization of CRTT implementation and outcome measure analysis.

The "absolute" scope and the ultimate condition of the Hegelian system has been a philosophical problem that some interpreters have described as "unsurpassable". This scope is interpreted by Charles Taylor as an absolute spirit that is "embodied" in finite spirits, whose freedom is a condition of possibility for its realization. Robert Pippin is dissatisfied with the interpretation of the subject as the "receiver" of the spirit, since it makes access to a concept of "freedom" understood as social recognition difficult. In the present work these two perspectives have been presented and compared and it has been concluded that, although they offer very diverse interpretations of Hegelian texts, their theses are largely complementary. This coincidence allows a new consideration of Hegel's traditional commentators., El alcance “absoluto” y el carácter definitivo del sistema hegeliano han constituido un problema filosófico que algunos intérpretes han calificado como “insuperable”. Este alcance es interpretado por Charles Taylor como un espíritu absoluto que queda “encarnado” en los espíritus finitos, cuya libertad es condición de posibilidad para su realización. Robert Pippin se muestra insatisfecho con la interpretación del sujeto en tanto “receptor” del espíritu, puesto que dificulta el acceso a un concepto de “libertad” entendido como reconocimiento social. En el presente trabajo se han presentado y comparado estas dos perspectivas y se ha concluido que, aunque ofrecen interpretaciones muy diversas sobre los textos hegelianos, sus tesis son en gran medida complementarias. Esta coincidencia permite una nueva consideración de los comentaristas tradicionales de Hegel.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

Essän bygger på Frederick Taylors intresse för forskningen om arbetsrörelsernas effektivitet utförd av den tolv år yngre Frank Gilbreth. Deras till en början ömsesidiga respekt övergick i ett spänt förhållande som resulterade i en varaktig dispyt om vem som var först med tidsstudien som ett medel för arbetsanalys. I denna essä presenteras Gilbreths insats, Taylors behandling av denna och hur de två pionjärernas fortsatta relation utvecklade sig., This essay is about the relationship between two pioneers in the work sciences: Frederick Taylor and the younger Frank Gilbreth, known for his studies in motion and efficiency. The initial, mutual respect between Taylor and Gilbreth passed into a tense relation resulting in a enduring controversy who was the first to discover the time study as an inevitable instrument in task analyses. This paper presents the work of Gilbreth, how it was treated by Taylor and how the relationship between the two work scientists proceeded.

Essän bygger på en av Frederick Taylor författad uppsats, ”Government Efficiency” som han spred separat samma år som hans två mest kända skrifter publicerades, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. I ”Government Efficiency”, framför Taylor kritik mot det amerikanska försvarets gammaldags produktion av krigsmateriel och uppmanar till modernisering med hans system, scientific management. Ett försök med tidsstudier i ett gjuteri utlöste en strejk som fick massmedial uppmärksamhet med följdverkningar. Taylor fick vid flera tillfällen stå till svars inför den amerikanska kongressen. Då Taylor i sina två skrifter hävdat att en strejk aldrig inträffat på de arbetsplatser där han utvecklat scientific management, blev denna strejk särskilt uppseendeväckande., The essay is based on a separate paper written by Frederic Taylor, ”Government Efficiency”, He distributed it the same year as his two most familiar works were published, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. In ”Government Efficiency” Taylor criticizes the U.S. defence for its old-fashioned production of war munition. He suggests the production would be rendered more effective by applying his scientific management model. Time studies were started in one of the government military arsenals. A group of molders protested and went on strike. Immediate attention by mass media paved the way for public attention and hearings in the House of Representatives. As Taylor has asserted in his two books that a strike never occurred in the work places where he had introduced scientific management, this strike became especially sensational.

Essän bygger på en av Frederick Taylor författad uppsats, ”Government Efficiency” som han spred separat samma år som hans två mest kända skrifter publicerades, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. I ”Government Efficiency”, framför Taylor kritik mot det amerikanska försvarets gammaldags produktion av krigsmateriel och uppmanar till modernisering med hans system, scientific management. Ett försök med tidsstudier i ett gjuteri utlöste en strejk som fick massmedial uppmärksamhet med följdverkningar. Taylor fick vid flera tillfällen stå till svars inför den amerikanska kongressen. Då Taylor i sina två skrifter hävdat att en strejk aldrig inträffat på de arbetsplatser där han utvecklat scientific management, blev denna strejk särskilt uppseendeväckande., The essay is based on a separate paper written by Frederic Taylor, ”Government Efficiency”, He distributed it the same year as his two most familiar works were published, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. In ”Government Efficiency” Taylor criticizes the U.S. defence for its old-fashioned production of war munition. He suggests the production would be rendered more effective by applying his scientific management model. Time studies were started in one of the government military arsenals. A group of molders protested and went on strike. Immediate attention by mass media paved the way for public attention and hearings in the House of Representatives. As Taylor has asserted in his two books that a strike never occurred in the work places where he had introduced scientific management, this strike became especially sensational.

Color blindness affects nearly 10% of the entire population, with multiple types of color blindness from various genetic mutations. In the following sections, the nature of light and how the human eye perceives light will be discussed. Afterward, the major forms of color blindness and their genetic causes will be considered. Once these genetic causes have been established, the current method for diagnosing color blindness will be investigated, followed by a discussion of the current treatments available to those with color blindness. Finally, a brief discussion will address possible future work for color blindness with the hope of finding better treatments and a future prevention.

Essän bygger på en av Frederick Taylor författad uppsats, ”Government Efficiency” som han spred separat samma år som hans två mest kända skrifter publicerades, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. I ”Government Efficiency”, framför Taylor kritik mot det amerikanska försvarets gammaldags produktion av krigsmateriel och uppmanar till modernisering med hans system, scientific management. Ett försök med tidsstudier i ett gjuteri utlöste en strejk som fick massmedial uppmärksamhet med följdverkningar. Taylor fick vid flera tillfällen stå till svars inför den amerikanska kongressen. Då Taylor i sina två skrifter hävdat att en strejk aldrig inträffat på de arbetsplatser där han utvecklat scientific management, blev denna strejk särskilt uppseendeväckande., The essay is based on a separate paper written by Frederic Taylor, ”Government Efficiency”, He distributed it the same year as his two most familiar works were published, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. In ”Government Efficiency” Taylor criticizes the U.S. defence for its old-fashioned production of war munition. He suggests the production would be rendered more effective by applying his scientific management model. Time studies were started in one of the government military arsenals. A group of molders protested and went on strike. Immediate attention by mass media paved the way for public attention and hearings in the House of Representatives. As Taylor has asserted in his two books that a strike never occurred in the work places where he had introduced scientific management, this strike became especially sensational.

Essän bygger på en av Frederick Taylor författad uppsats, ”Government Efficiency” som han spred separat samma år som hans två mest kända skrifter publicerades, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. I ”Government Efficiency”, framför Taylor kritik mot det amerikanska försvarets gammaldags produktion av krigsmateriel och uppmanar till modernisering med hans system, scientific management. Ett försök med tidsstudier i ett gjuteri utlöste en strejk som fick massmedial uppmärksamhet med följdverkningar. Taylor fick vid flera tillfällen stå till svars inför den amerikanska kongressen. Då Taylor i sina två skrifter hävdat att en strejk aldrig inträffat på de arbetsplatser där han utvecklat scientific management, blev denna strejk särskilt uppseendeväckande., The essay is based on a separate paper written by Frederic Taylor, ”Government Efficiency”, He distributed it the same year as his two most familiar works were published, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. In ”Government Efficiency” Taylor criticizes the U.S. defence for its old-fashioned production of war munition. He suggests the production would be rendered more effective by applying his scientific management model. Time studies were started in one of the government military arsenals. A group of molders protested and went on strike. Immediate attention by mass media paved the way for public attention and hearings in the House of Representatives. As Taylor has asserted in his two books that a strike never occurred in the work places where he had introduced scientific management, this strike became especially sensational.

Essän bygger på en av Frederick Taylor författad uppsats, ”Government Efficiency” som han spred separat samma år som hans två mest kända skrifter publicerades, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. I ”Government Efficiency”, framför Taylor kritik mot det amerikanska försvarets gammaldags produktion av krigsmateriel och uppmanar till modernisering med hans system, scientific management. Ett försök med tidsstudier i ett gjuteri utlöste en strejk som fick massmedial uppmärksamhet med följdverkningar. Taylor fick vid flera tillfällen stå till svars inför den amerikanska kongressen. Då Taylor i sina två skrifter hävdat att en strejk aldrig inträffat på de arbetsplatser där han utvecklat scientific management, blev denna strejk särskilt uppseendeväckande., The essay is based on a separate paper written by Frederic Taylor, ”Government Efficiency”, He distributed it the same year as his two most familiar works were published, Shop Management och The Principles of Scientific Management. In ”Government Efficiency” Taylor criticizes the U.S. defence for its old-fashioned production of war munition. He suggests the production would be rendered more effective by applying his scientific management model. Time studies were started in one of the government military arsenals. A group of molders protested and went on strike. Immediate attention by mass media paved the way for public attention and hearings in the House of Representatives. As Taylor has asserted in his two books that a strike never occurred in the work places where he had introduced scientific management, this strike became especially sensational.

[EN] In this work we introduce a new method to compute the matrix cosine. It is based on recent new matrix polynomial evaluation methods for the Taylor approximation and a mixed forward and backward error analysis. The matrix polynomial evaluation methods allow to evaluate the Taylor polynomial approximation of the matrix cosine function more efficiently than using Paterson-Stockmeyer method. A sequential Matlab implementation of the new algorithm is provided, giving better efficiency and accuracy than state-of-the-art algorithms. Moreover, we provide an implementation in Matlab that can use NVIDIA CPUs easily and efficiently. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This article examines the problem of the distribution of earnings between worker and employer in the main works of Frederick W. Taylor. For this purpose, a critical reading of the original sources is used. Taylor justifies the need to offer fair wages, but also advocates for not sharing profits equally with the company’s workers. Also, beyond an isolated search for a mere increase in efficiency in the production of the company, we find in his work a Taylor that oscillates between a further attempt to exploit the workers and a further attempt to improve the conditions of society as a whole, including the conditions of these same workers, precisely through increasing such efficiency, Cet article examine le problème de la répartition des gains entre le travailleur et l’employeur dans les oeuvres principales de Frederick W. Taylor. À cette fin, une lecture critique des sources originales est utilisée. Taylor justifie la nécessité d’offrir des salaires équitables, mais préconise également ne pas partager les gains équitablement avec les travailleurs de l’entreprise. En outre, au-delà d’une recherche isolée d’une simple augmentation de l’efficacité dans la production de la société, nous trouvons dans son travail un Taylor qui bascule entre une nouvelle prétention d’exploiter les travailleurs et une nouvelle prétention à améliorer les conditions de la société dans son ensemble, y compris les conditions de ces mêmes travailleurs, en augmentant précisément cette efficacité., Este artigo examina o problema da distribuição de ganhos entre o trabalhador e o empregador nas principais obras de Frederick W. Taylor. Para este efeito, é utilizada uma leitura crítica das fontes originais. Taylor justifica a necessidade de oferecer salários justos, mas também defende não compartilhar os ganhos equitativamente com os trabalhadores da empresa. Além disso, além de uma busca isolada por um mero aumento na eficiência na produção da empresa, em sua obra encontramos um Taylor que oscila entre uma pretensão adicional de exploração dos trabalhadores e uma pretensão adicional para melhorar as condições da sociedade como um todo, incluindo as condições destes mesmos trabalhadores, aumentando precisamente essa eficiência., El presente artículo examina el problema de la distribución de las ganancias entre el trabajador y el empresario en las principales obras de Frederick W. Taylor. Para ello se recurre a una lectura crítica de las fuentes originales. Taylor justifica la necesidad de ofrecer salarios justos, pero propugna también por no compartir las ganancias equitativamente con los trabajadores de la empresa. Asimismo, más allá de una búsqueda aislada de un mero aumento de la eficiencia en la producción de la empresa, encontramos en su obra un Taylor que oscila entre una pretensión ulterior de explotar a los trabajadores y una pretensión ulterior de mejorar las condiciones de la sociedad en su conjunto, incluyendo las condiciones de estos mismos trabajadores, mediante el aumento precisamente de tal eficiencia.

This article examines the problem of the distribution of earnings between worker and employer in the main works of Frederick W. Taylor. For this purpose, a critical reading of the original sources is used. Taylor justifies the need to offer fair wages, but also advocates for not sharing profits equally with the company’s workers. Also, beyond an isolated search for a mere increase in efficiency in the production of the company, we find in his work a Taylor that oscillates between a further attempt to exploit the workers and a further attempt to improve the conditions of society as a whole, including the conditions of these same workers, precisely through increasing such efficiency, Cet article examine le problème de la répartition des gains entre le travailleur et l’employeur dans les oeuvres principales de Frederick W. Taylor. À cette fin, une lecture critique des sources originales est utilisée. Taylor justifie la nécessité d’offrir des salaires équitables, mais préconise également ne pas partager les gains équitablement avec les travailleurs de l’entreprise. En outre, au-delà d’une recherche isolée d’une simple augmentation de l’efficacité dans la production de la société, nous trouvons dans son travail un Taylor qui bascule entre une nouvelle prétention d’exploiter les travailleurs et une nouvelle prétention à améliorer les conditions de la société dans son ensemble, y compris les conditions de ces mêmes travailleurs, en augmentant précisément cette efficacité., Este artigo examina o problema da distribuição de ganhos entre o trabalhador e o empregador nas principais obras de Frederick W. Taylor. Para este efeito, é utilizada uma leitura crítica das fontes originais. Taylor justifica a necessidade de oferecer salários justos, mas também defende não compartilhar os ganhos equitativamente com os trabalhadores da empresa. Além disso, além de uma busca isolada por um mero aumento na eficiência na produção da empresa, em sua obra encontramos um Taylor que oscila entre uma pretensão adicional de exploração dos trabalhadores e uma pretensão adicional para melhorar as condições da sociedade como um todo, incluindo as condições destes mesmos trabalhadores, aumentando precisamente essa eficiência., El presente artículo examina el problema de la distribución de las ganancias entre el trabajador y el empresario en las principales obras de Frederick W. Taylor. Para ello se recurre a una lectura crítica de las fuentes originales. Taylor justifica la necesidad de ofrecer salarios justos, pero propugna también por no compartir las ganancias equitativamente con los trabajadores de la empresa. Asimismo, más allá de una búsqueda aislada de un mero aumento de la eficiencia en la producción de la empresa, encontramos en su obra un Taylor que oscila entre una pretensión ulterior de explotar a los trabajadores y una pretensión ulterior de mejorar las condiciones de la sociedad en su conjunto, incluyendo las condiciones de estos mismos trabajadores, mediante el aumento precisamente de tal eficiencia.

En este objeto de aprendizaje se detalla la formulación de los métodos de Runge-Kutta de cualquier orden, la obtención del método de Runge-Kutta de orden 2 y se aplica a un ejemplo desarrollado también de forma analítica para realizar una mejor comparación. Los conceptos básicos para poder trabajar con métodos numéricos son definidos en el objeto.

En este objeto de aprendizaje se detalla la formulación de los métodos de Runge-Kutta de cualquier orden, la obtención del método de Runge-Kutta de orden 2 y se aplica a un ejemplo desarrollado también de forma analítica para realizar una mejor comparación. Los conceptos básicos para poder trabajar con métodos numéricos son definidos en el objeto.

En este objeto de aprendizaje se detalla la formulación de los métodos de Runge-Kutta de cualquier orden, la obtención del método de Runge-Kutta de orden 2 y se aplica a un ejemplo desarrollado también de forma analítica para realizar una mejor comparación. Los conceptos básicos para poder trabajar con métodos numéricos son definidos en el objeto.

An analysis on selecting cutting speed, cutting feed and depth of cut when collecting data for the Colding Tool Life Model based on Woxen's Equivalent Chip Thickness was performed to achieve the lowest possible model error. All possible combinations of a large data set were evaluated with regard to model error. This work shows that an increase of ratio between the highest and lowest cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and tool life within the five included tool life tests increases the likelihood of an accurate model. Further, to ensure an accurate model, it is not enough to have a large ratio of one single parameter, but a large ratio in all parameters is needed. The paper also presents a suggestion on how to select the cutting data points, derived from the best performing tool life models. It is concluded that one should aim to have one pair of cutting data points with equal equivalent chip thickness while varying cutting speed and three more test points with different equivalent chip thickness.

The article argues that although consensus is not a first-order issue in Charles Taylor’s political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor’s philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism., El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

The article argues that although consensus is not a first-order issue in Charles Taylor’s political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor’s philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism., El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

The article argues that although consensus is not a first-order issue in Charles Taylor’s political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor’s philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism., El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

The purpose of the article is to define moral integrity on the basis of self-reflection, meta-emotion, and identity. Starting out from H. Frankfurt’s notion of self-reflection, the article expands his assessment of desires with the help of C. Taylor ‘s concepts of strong and weak self-reflection. While it is true that emotions are relevant for motivation, it is an individual’s actions that count when assessing reflexivity. The article suggests that emotions, even when they have not materialized into actions, are relevant in determining moral identity. Likewise, it discusses meta-emotions as a type of second-order desire that is not necessarily linked to volition, but whose potential is similar to that of second-order volitions. It suggests that moral emotions, according to C. Korsgaard, be considered equivalent to meta-emotions, which, together with reasons, determine moral integrity., El artículo propone definir la integridad moral a partir de la autorreflexión, la metaemoción y la identidad. Se parte de la autorreflexión de H. Frankfurt y se amplía su evaluación de los deseos mediante los conceptos de autorreflexión débil y fuerte de C. Taylor. Si bien las emociones tienen relevancia en la motivación, lo que cuentapara evaluar la reflexividad de alguien son sus acciones. Se plantea que las emociones, aun sin cristalizar en acción, son relevantes para determinar la identidad moral. Así mismo, se presentan las metaemociones como un tipo de deseo de segundo ordenque no se enlaza necesariamente a la volición, pero que tiene potencial similar a las voliciones de segundo orden. Se propone considerar a las emociones morales, según las define C. Korsgaard, como equivalentes a las metaemociones que, junto con las razones, determinan la integridad moral.

The article argues that although consensus is not a first-order issue in Charles Taylor’s political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor’s philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism., El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

The article argues that although consensus is not a first-order issue in Charles Taylor’s political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor’s philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism., El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

The purpose of the article is to define moral integrity on the basis of self-reflection, meta-emotion, and identity. Starting out from H. Frankfurt’s notion of self-reflection, the article expands his assessment of desires with the help of C. Taylor ‘s concepts of strong and weak self-reflection. While it is true that emotions are relevant for motivation, it is an individual’s actions that count when assessing reflexivity. The article suggests that emotions, even when they have not materialized into actions, are relevant in determining moral identity. Likewise, it discusses meta-emotions as a type of second-order desire that is not necessarily linked to volition, but whose potential is similar to that of second-order volitions. It suggests that moral emotions, according to C. Korsgaard, be considered equivalent to meta-emotions, which, together with reasons, determine moral integrity., El artículo propone definir la integridad moral a partir de la autorreflexión, la metaemoción y la identidad. Se parte de la autorreflexión de H. Frankfurt y se amplía su evaluación de los deseos mediante los conceptos de autorreflexión débil y fuerte de C. Taylor. Si bien las emociones tienen relevancia en la motivación, lo que cuentapara evaluar la reflexividad de alguien son sus acciones. Se plantea que las emociones, aun sin cristalizar en acción, son relevantes para determinar la identidad moral. Así mismo, se presentan las metaemociones como un tipo de deseo de segundo ordenque no se enlaza necesariamente a la volición, pero que tiene potencial similar a las voliciones de segundo orden. Se propone considerar a las emociones morales, según las define C. Korsgaard, como equivalentes a las metaemociones que, junto con las razones, determinan la integridad moral.

This paper presents a new design method Model Network Control System (NCS) with transmission delays is presented. This method of modeling the NCS using state variables in the time domain, which has reviewed all possible interactions that may occur in the joint operator - average slave master. The design method is based on obtaining and solving a set of equations that achieve convergence the state of the slave and the master, thus achieving the slave to follow the master, and to establish the dynamics of this convergence and slave. Among the major contributions made in this paper is the modeling of a NCS with delays in state variables considering all possible interactions that may exist between the operator, the master, the slave and the environment. Using the Taylor approximation of first order to obtain a state model without the presence of NCS delayed terms in time. The design method that achieves convergence of states between the master and slave despite the existence of delays, and it is capable of binding both the dynamics of convergence, as the slave also ell design method reduces simply to solving a system of equations to obtain the control parameters of the control scheme., En este artículo se presenta un nuevo método de diseño de Modelo de Network Control System (NCS) con retardos en la transmisión. Este método parte de un modelado del NCS usando variables de estado en el dominio del tiempo, en el que se ha revisado todas las posibles interacciones que pueden aparecer en el conjunto operador – maestro– medio– esclavo. El método de diseño se basa en la obtención y resolución de un conjunto de ecuaciones que consiguen la convergencia del estado del esclavo y del maestro, logrando de este modo que el esclavo siga al maestro, así como establecer la dinámica de dicha convergencia y del esclavo. Entre los aportes principales realizados en este artículo se encuentra el modelado de un NCS con retardos en variables de estado contemplando todas las posibles interacciones que pueden existir entre el operador, el maestro, el esclavo y el entorno. Utilización de la aproximación de Taylor de primer orden para obtener un modelo de estado del NCS sin la presencia de términos retardados en el tiempo. El método de diseño que logra la convergencia de estados entre el maestro y el esclavo a pesar de la existencia de retardos, y además es capaz de fijar tanto la dinámica de la convergencia, como la del esclavo, además ell método de diseño se reduce simplemente a la resolución de un sistema de ecuaciones para obtener los parámetros de regulación del esquema de control.

In this paper, a modified and improved approach to the recently proposed multiple-resonator-based observer structure for harmonic estimation has been proposed. In the previous papers, two inherent particular cases have been considered. In the first case, estimation is performed in the point located in the middle of the observation interval, and exhibits good noises and unwanted harmonics attenuation but possesses a large response delay. In the second case, the estimation point is at the end of the observation window. In this case, the filters are able to form a zero-flat phase response about the operation frequency and hence able to provide instantaneous estimates, but with large overshoots caused by resonant frequencies at the edges of the pass band, and the high level of the sidelobs. In this paper, the estimation point is shifted along the observation interval reshaping frequency responses to tradeoff between those opposite requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown through simulations.

In this paper, I examine notions of musical gesture and their possible compositional and analytical applications. As a point of departure, I provide a provisional definition of musical gesture; I then posit a theory of gesture classification that draws on language used in post-tonal set theory, in order to develop the formalized structures of gesture-classes and gesture-class sets. These concepts serve as the basis for my analysis of music by Franco Donatoni, Cecil Taylor, and Mari Kimura. I use Franco Donatoni’s Omar: due pezzi per vibrafono to present and illustrate how a set theory of gesture can be applied to musical composition. Building on the sets shown in Omar, I discuss Cecil Taylor’s Indent in order to demonstrate systems of gestural flow between gesture-classes and gesture-class sets. Finally, I use Mari Kimura’s Clone Barcarolle to exemplify the complex relationships that exist in the hybrid space between musical and physical gestures. Through each of these brief case studies, I aim to provide vocabulary with which to describe music that can be seen as gestural in conception or construction, as well as insight into possibilities for new forms of composition based on exploration of gesture as a formal musical element.

In this paper, I examine notions of musical gesture and their possible compositional and analytical applications. As a point of departure, I provide a provisional definition of musical gesture; I then posit a theory of gesture classification that draws on language used in post-tonal set theory, in order to develop the formalized structures of gesture-classes and gesture-class sets. These concepts serve as the basis for my analysis of music by Franco Donatoni, Cecil Taylor, and Mari Kimura. I use Franco Donatoni’s Omar: due pezzi per vibrafono to present and illustrate how a set theory of gesture can be applied to musical composition. Building on the sets shown in Omar, I discuss Cecil Taylor’s Indent in order to demonstrate systems of gestural flow between gesture-classes and gesture-class sets. Finally, I use Mari Kimura’s Clone Barcarolle to exemplify the complex relationships that exist in the hybrid space between musical and physical gestures. Through each of these brief case studies, I aim to provide vocabulary with which to describe music that can be seen as gestural in conception or construction, as well as insight into possibilities for new forms of composition based on exploration of gesture as a formal musical element.

English: The following study of focus areas is an application of the recently developed Trinitarian modal-spherical method of apologetics, TMSA (Braun 2013), to the field of Religious Studies. The trajectory to be pursued will make use of basic sources in the presentation of three focus areas of contemporary culture: (a) Technology and everyday experience, (b) music and popular culture and (c) romantic love and economic freedom. Further, the philosophical deepening into the presented focus areas will be sought through the dialogue between continental and reformational philosophy as well as the integration of insights. Gained insights and conclusions from this dialogue will then be presented in terms of TMSA‟s Christian (confessional) stance. Main goals of this study are (I) to demonstrate how the ego's religious orientation manifests itself in the focus areas concerned (II) as well as to point out redemptive ways of dealing with them, as central sites of the contemporary lifeworld, through TMSA‟s Neo-Calvinist vision. As such, this study was designed in order to provide points of entry for the approach of contemporary human beings and their culture via TMSA. Accordingly, it isn't thereby intended to deliver the "full picture" of the subjects concerned, but rather, new possibilities of dialogue will be opened up (from TMSA‟s radically Christian perspective). Therefore, as the main priority of this study is the application of TMSA, basic sources will come into play as to enable an approximation of the contemporary lifeworld and the chosen focus areas., Afrikaans: Die volgende studie van fokusareas is 'n toepassing van die onlangs ontwikkelde Trinitariese modaal-sferiese metode van apologetiek, TMSA (Braun 2013), op die gebied van Religiestudies. Die trajek wat nagestreef word, sal gebruik maak van basiese bronne in die aanbieding van drie fokusareas van kontemporêre kultuur: (a) Tegnologie en alledaagse ervaring, (b) musiek en populêre kultuur en (c) romantiese liefde en ekonomiese vryheid. Verder sal die filosofiese verdieping in die voorgestelde fokusareas gesoek word deur die dialoog tussen kontinentale en reformatoriese filosofie, sowel as die integrasie van insigte. Die insigte en gevolgtrekkings wat uit hierdie dialoog verkry word, sal dan aangebied word in terme van TMSA se Christelike (konfessionele) posisie. Die hoofdoelwitte van hierdie studie is (I) om te demonstreer hoe die ego se godsdienstige oriëntasie homself manifesteer in die betrokke fokusareas, (II) asook om verlossende maniere uit te wys om daarmee, as sentrale areas van die hedendaagse leefwêreld, om te gaan deur TMSA se Neo -Calvinistiese visie. As sodanig, is hierdie studie ontwerp om toegangspunte tot die benadering van die hedendaagse mense en hul kultuur via TMSA te verskaf. Gevolglik is die doel daarvan nie om die "volle prentjie" van die betrokke temas te verskaf nie, maar eerder om nuwe moontlikhede vir dialoog te open (vanuit TMSA se radikaal Christelike perspektief). Daarom, aangesien die hoofprioriteit van hierdie studie die toepassing van TMSA is, sal basiese bronne gebruik word om dit moontlik te maak om nader aan die hedendaagse leefwêreld en die gekose fokusareas te kom.

In this article the question of secularity is addressed by means of a comparison between the contemporary debate and older debates. The discussion takes departure in Charles Taylor’s influential work, A Secular Age, which is slightly criticised for not being enough concerned with philosophers that have dealt with the theme before, such as Carl Schmitt, Karl Löwith and Hans Blumenberg. Hjalmar Falk’s recent dissertation on Carl Schmitt’s concept of secularity is introduced in order to illustrate how a richer notion of secularity is present in the older discussion and how it contains a confessional dimension. Political theology, which is a notion in very close contact with the notion of secularity, thus becomes confessional in a mediated way. This confessional dimension is not emphasised in the contemporary discussion and it is suggested that a more developed protestant idea of secularity can be envisioned in light of Schmitt’s catholic secularity, as presented in Falk’s dissertation.