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The research focuses on the institutional and regulatory aspects of marine protected areas in the international legal framework. The first Part analyses the concept of "marine (and/or coastal) protected area" in its fundamental elements; the second Part evaluates the zonal approach, on which the regulation of all ocean activities is actually based, and the sectoral approach, that characterizes almost all international instruments dealing with the creation of marine reserves; the third Part relates to the experience in the Mediterranean Sea and analyses two national legislations on marine protected areas (Spain and Italy).