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INTRODUCTION: Oral sucrose is repeatedly administered to neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat pain from commonly performed procedures; however, there is limited evidence on its long-term cumulative effect on neurodevelopment. We examined the association between total sucrose volumes administered to preterm neonates for pain mitigation in the NICU and their neurodevelopment at 18 months of corrected age (CA). METHODS: A prospective longitudinal single-arm observational study that enrolled hospitalised preterm neonates <32 weeks of gestational age at birth and <10 days of life was conducted in four level III NICUs in Canada. Neonates received 0.1 mL of 24% sucrose 2 min prior to all commonly performed painful procedures during their NICU stay. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 18 months of CA using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Multiple neonatal and maternal factors known to affect development were adjusted for in the generalised linear model analysis. RESULTS: 172 preterm neonates were enrolled and 118 were included in the analysis at 18 months of CA. The total mean sucrose volume administered/neonate/NICU stay was 5.96 (±5.6) mL, and the mean Bayley-III composite scores were: cognitive 91 (±17), language 86 (±18) and motor 88 (±18). There was no association between Bayley-III scores and the total sucrose volume: cognitive (p=0.57), language (p=0.42) and motor (p=0.70). CONCLUSION: Cumulative sucrose exposure for repeated procedural pain in preterm neonates was neither associated with a delay in neurodevelopment nor neuroprotective effects at 18 months of CA. If sucrose is used, we suggest the minimally effective dose combined with other non-pharmacological interventions with demonstrated effectiveness such as skin-to-skin contact, non-nutritive sucking, facilitated tucking and swaddling. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02725814.

Det er estimert at i overkant av 400 tonn ull ikke leveres inn til norske ullsentraler. I en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse ble sauebønder blant annet spurt om hvordan de håndterer og bruker ullen. Av de som svarte at de ikke leverer til mottak, var det 46 % som svarte at ullen enten brennes eller graves ned. Det betyr at store mengder ull kunnet vært nyttet på en mer bærekraftig måte. Ull er et næringsrikt materiale og derfor en god kilde til gjødsel, spesielt for næringsstoffene nitrogen og til dels kalium og svovel. Som en strategi for bedre sirkulærøkonomi er det gode grunner for å tilbakeføre ull til landbruksjord. Ull kan i prinsippet brukes ubehandlet som et jordforbedringsmiddel eller gjødselkilde da ull brytes forholdsvis raskt ned i kontakt med jord. Økende etterspørsel etter gjødselprodukter som er lette å håndtere og produkter som kan brukes i økologisk produksjon, gjorde det aktuelt å prøve ut ullpellets som gjødsel. I prosjektet ble ullpellets testet til veksthusplanter (hagepelargonium og busktomat) og som gjødsel til eng. I tillegg ble det gjennomført et inkubasjonsforsøk for å undersøke nedbrytningshastigheten til ull og samtidig registre hvor raskt næringsstoffer (i hovedsak nitrogen) blir tilgjengelig. En hovedkonklusjon for alle testene var at ullpellets ikke frigjør næring raskt nok til kortvarige kulturer, men at ullpellets kan ha verdi som en langsomtvirkende gjødseltype. En annen utfordring med ull er at næringssammensetningen er ubalansert for mange vekster pga. lavt fosforinnhold. Forslag til videre utviklingsarbeid med ull som gjødsel, er å undersøke muligheter for å lage pellets av blandinger av ulike materialer, f.eks. makroalger som kan tilføre kalium, og fiskebein som kan tilføre fosfor. Ulike blandinger med ull kan da tilpasses ulike veksters behov. Det kan også være aktuelt å utføre risikoanalyser ved bruk av ull til matproduksjon ettersom det finnes begrensete kunnskaper om de hygieniske, helse- og miljømessige sidene ved bruk av ull o

Preterm infants are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially language delay. Preterm infants < 29 weeks’ gestational age, cared for in Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network affiliated hospitals, were assessed between 18 to 21 months corrected age using the Bayley-III. Bayley-III Language Composite Scores were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for children in three primary language groups: English, French and other. 6146 children were included. The primary language at home was English, French or another language for 3708 children (60%), 1312 children (21%) and 1126 children (18%), respectively, and overall, 44% were exposed to two or more languages at home. Univariate analysis showed that primary language was associated with lower Bayley-III Language scores; however, multivariate analyses demonstrated that neither primary language nor language of administration were significantly associated with lower language scores when adjusted for gestational age, other developmental delays and sociodemographic factors, but multiple language exposure was. Sociodemographic and other factors are more important in determining language development than primary language at home. Further studies are needed to examine the association between exposure to multiple languages and lower Bayley-III language scores in preterm infants.

Nedklassifisert saueull kan fungere som gjødsel og som jorddekkeduk.

Low grade wool can be used as fertiliser or as an alternative to plastic soil covers

Det er estimert at i overkant av 400 tonn ull ikke leveres inn til norske ullsentraler. I en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse ble sauebønder blant annet spurt om hvordan de håndterer og bruker ullen. Av de som svarte at de ikke leverer til mottak, var det 46 % som svarte at ullen enten brennes eller graves ned. Det betyr at store mengder ull kunnet vært nyttet på en mer bærekraftig måte. Ull er et næringsrikt materiale og derfor en god kilde til gjødsel, spesielt for næringsstoffene nitrogen og til dels kalium og svovel. Som en strategi for bedre sirkulærøkonomi er det gode grunner for å tilbakeføre ull til landbruksjord. Ull kan i prinsippet brukes ubehandlet som et jordforbedringsmiddel eller gjødselkilde da ull brytes forholdsvis raskt ned i kontakt med jord. Økende etterspørsel etter gjødselprodukter som er lette å håndtere og produkter som kan brukes i økologisk produksjon, gjorde det aktuelt å prøve ut ullpellets som gjødsel. I prosjektet ble ullpellets testet til veksthusplanter (hagepelargonium og busktomat) og som gjødsel til eng. I tillegg ble det gjennomført et inkubasjonsforsøk for å undersøke nedbrytningshastigheten til ull og samtidig registre hvor raskt næringsstoffer (i hovedsak nitrogen) blir tilgjengelig. En hovedkonklusjon for alle testene var at ullpellets ikke frigjør næring raskt nok til kortvarige kulturer, men at ullpellets kan ha verdi som en langsomtvirkende gjødseltype. En annen utfordring med ull er at næringssammensetningen er ubalansert for mange vekster pga. lavt fosforinnhold. Forslag til videre utviklingsarbeid med ull som gjødsel, er å undersøke muligheter for å lage pellets av blandinger av ulike materialer, f.eks. makroalger som kan tilføre kalium, og fiskebein som kan tilføre fosfor. Ulike blandinger med ull kan da tilpasses ulike veksters behov. Det kan også være aktuelt å utføre risikoanalyser ved bruk av ull til matproduksjon ettersom det finnes begrensete kunnskaper om de hygieniske, helse- og miljømessige sidene ved bruk av ull o

Nedklassifisert saueull kan fungere som gjødsel og som jorddekkeduk.

Low grade wool can be used as fertiliser or as an alternative to plastic soil covers

Low grade wool can be used as fertiliser or as an alternative to plastic soil covers

Det er estimert at i overkant av 400 tonn ull ikke leveres inn til norske ullsentraler. I en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse ble sauebønder blant annet spurt om hvordan de håndterer og bruker ullen. Av de som svarte at de ikke leverer til mottak, var det 46 % som svarte at ullen enten brennes eller graves ned. Det betyr at store mengder ull kunnet vært nyttet på en mer bærekraftig måte. Ull er et næringsrikt materiale og derfor en god kilde til gjødsel, spesielt for næringsstoffene nitrogen og til dels kalium og svovel. Som en strategi for bedre sirkulærøkonomi er det gode grunner for å tilbakeføre ull til landbruksjord. Ull kan i prinsippet brukes ubehandlet som et jordforbedringsmiddel eller gjødselkilde da ull brytes forholdsvis raskt ned i kontakt med jord. Økende etterspørsel etter gjødselprodukter som er lette å håndtere og produkter som kan brukes i økologisk produksjon, gjorde det aktuelt å prøve ut ullpellets som gjødsel. I prosjektet ble ullpellets testet til veksthusplanter (hagepelargonium og busktomat) og som gjødsel til eng. I tillegg ble det gjennomført et inkubasjonsforsøk for å undersøke nedbrytningshastigheten til ull og samtidig registre hvor raskt næringsstoffer (i hovedsak nitrogen) blir tilgjengelig. En hovedkonklusjon for alle testene var at ullpellets ikke frigjør næring raskt nok til kortvarige kulturer, men at ullpellets kan ha verdi som en langsomtvirkende gjødseltype. En annen utfordring med ull er at næringssammensetningen er ubalansert for mange vekster pga. lavt fosforinnhold. Forslag til videre utviklingsarbeid med ull som gjødsel, er å undersøke muligheter for å lage pellets av blandinger av ulike materialer, f.eks. makroalger som kan tilføre kalium, og fiskebein som kan tilføre fosfor. Ulike blandinger med ull kan da tilpasses ulike veksters behov. Det kan også være aktuelt å utføre risikoanalyser ved bruk av ull til matproduksjon ettersom det finnes begrensete kunnskaper om de hygieniske, helse- og miljømessige sidene ved bruk av ull o

The galvanic skin response (GSR; also widely known as electrodermal activity (EDA)) is a signal for stress-related studies. Given the sparsity of studies related to the GSR and the variety of devices, this study was conducted at the Human Health Activity Laboratory (H2AL) with 17 healthy subjects to determine the variability in the detection of changes in the galvanic skin response among a test group with heterogeneous respondents facing pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, correlating the GSR biosignals measured from different body sites. We experimented with the right and left wrist, left fingers, the inner side of the right foot using Shimmer3GSR and Empatica E4 sensors. The results indicated the most promising homogeneous places for measuring the GSR, namely, the left fingers and right foot. The results also suggested that due to a significantly strong correlation among the inner side of the right foot and the left fingers, as well as the moderate correlations with the right and left wrists, the foot may be a suitable place to homogenously measure a GSR signal in a test group. We also discuss some possible causes of weak and negative correlations from anomalies detected in the raw data possibly related to the sensors or the test group, which may be considered to develop robust emotion detection systems based on GRS biosignals., Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-06-21 (alebob), MSCA-RISE REMIND

The galvanic skin response (GSR; also widely known as electrodermal activity (EDA)) is a signal for stress-related studies. Given the sparsity of studies related to the GSR and the variety of devices, this study was conducted at the Human Health Activity Laboratory (H2AL) with 17 healthy subjects to determine the variability in the detection of changes in the galvanic skin response among a test group with heterogeneous respondents facing pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, correlating the GSR biosignals measured from different body sites. We experimented with the right and left wrist, left fingers, the inner side of the right foot using Shimmer3GSR and Empatica E4 sensors. The results indicated the most promising homogeneous places for measuring the GSR, namely, the left fingers and right foot. The results also suggested that due to a significantly strong correlation among the inner side of the right foot and the left fingers, as well as the moderate correlations with the right and left wrists, the foot may be a suitable place to homogenously measure a GSR signal in a test group. We also discuss some possible causes of weak and negative correlations from anomalies detected in the raw data possibly related to the sensors or the test group, which may be considered to develop robust emotion detection systems based on GRS biosignals., Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-06-21 (alebob), MSCA-RISE REMIND

Background: In the last 20 years, the retail industry has experienced a drastic transformation and the rise of e-commerce has resulted in a change in the retail business models. Thus, there has been a shift from the traditional single-channel format to a multi-channel format. A critical challenge that retailers face with the multichannel format is the concept of showrooming, where consumers visit the brick-and-mortar retailer to explore the assortment and thus utilise the services offered, but finally purchases the product online. Problem: Brick-and-mortar retailers often consider showrooming as a threat regarding the act of free-riding which might lead to a loss of potential customers. However, opinions on how to conquer this undesirable behaviour vary. Previous research shares the underlying assumption that price is the critical driver for the consumers’ decision to perform showrooming. Although, there is no clear consensus on how to hinder this behaviour. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make sense of how customers’ in-store experiences affect showrooming in the clothing and footwear industry. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to beneficial theoretical retail knowledge as it investigates the underexplored research phenomenon of showrooming in a broad customer in-store experience context. Method: To perform this research, a qualitative research design was applied and 15 semi-structured interviews with self-proclaimed showroomers were conducted. Results: The findings declare that for a positive in-store experience to occur, it must be permeated by trust. When trust is achieved, the second critical factor of in-store experience in the context of showrooming concerns the availability. If these two factors of in-store experience are successfully managed, the desire to engage in showrooming decreases. These findings are visually demonstrated in a developed framework on page 49.

Den kommersiella fastighetssektorn varit en lönsam bransch med låga räntor, stark investeringsvilja, hög efterfrågan på kommersiella fastigheter och lokaler. När finanskrisen uppstod 2008 påverkade det världsekonomin under många år framöver och 2015 hade Sveriges ekonomi återhämtat sig från krisen och övergick till en högkonjunktur. Konjunkturinstitutet (2020) bedömer att en lågkonjunktur kommer slå in 2020 och 2021 vilket innebär stora utmaningar för kommersiella fastighetsbolag att bemöta på olika sätt. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur kommersiella fastighetsbolag förbereder sig för en eventuell lågkonjunktur avseende strategi och riskhantering. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats där vi har intervjuat sju olika kommersiella fastighetsbolag. Resultaten visar att alla kommersiella fastighetsbolag har olika förutsättningar för att hantera en lågkonjunktur. Några av de mest betydelsefulla förutsättningar inför en lågkonjunktur är starka och nära kundrelationer samt diversifierad lånestruktur och fastighetsportfölj. Fastighetsvärde fluktuerar över tiden och tidigare kriser har visat att konjunkturen slår hårt mot fastighetsmarknaden. En icke fungerande finansiering påverkar fastighetsbolagens tillväxt negativt. Intervjuerna visar att de medverkande företagen har tagit lärdomar från tidigare finanskriser och är idag bättre rustade inför en sviktande konjunkturutveckling.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized infants undergo multiple painful procedures daily. Despite the significant evidence, procedural pain assessment and management continues to be suboptimal. Repetitive and untreated pain at this vital developmental juncture is associated with negative behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences. To address this knowledge to practice gap, we developed the web-based Implementation of Infant Pain Practice Change (ImPaC) Resource to guide change in healthcare professionals' pain practice behaviors. This protocol describes the evaluation of the intervention effectiveness and implementation of the Resource and how organizational context influences outcomes. METHODS: An effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 design, blending a cluster randomized clinical trial and a mixed-methods implementation study will be used. Eighteen Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) across Canada will be randomized to intervention (INT) or standard practice (SP) groups. NICUs in the INT group will receive the Resource for six months; those in the SP group will continue with practice as usual and will be offered the Resource after a six-month waiting period. Data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. To address the intervention effectiveness, the INT and SP groups will be compared on clinical outcomes including the proportion of infants who have procedural pain assessed and managed, and the frequency and nature of painful procedures. Data will be collected at baseline (before randomization) and at completion of the intervention (six months). Implementation outcomes (feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, and reach) will be measured at completion of the intervention. Sustainability will be assessed at six and 12 months following the intervention. Organizational context will be assessed to examine its influence on intervention and implementation outcomes. DISCUSSION: This mixed-methods study aims to determine the effectiveness and the implementation of a m

Den kommersiella fastighetssektorn varit en lönsam bransch med låga räntor, stark investeringsvilja, hög efterfrågan på kommersiella fastigheter och lokaler. När finanskrisen uppstod 2008 påverkade det världsekonomin under många år framöver och 2015 hade Sveriges ekonomi återhämtat sig från krisen och övergick till en högkonjunktur. Konjunkturinstitutet (2020) bedömer att en lågkonjunktur kommer slå in 2020 och 2021 vilket innebär stora utmaningar för kommersiella fastighetsbolag att bemöta på olika sätt. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur kommersiella fastighetsbolag förbereder sig för en eventuell lågkonjunktur avseende strategi och riskhantering. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats där vi har intervjuat sju olika kommersiella fastighetsbolag. Resultaten visar att alla kommersiella fastighetsbolag har olika förutsättningar för att hantera en lågkonjunktur. Några av de mest betydelsefulla förutsättningar inför en lågkonjunktur är starka och nära kundrelationer samt diversifierad lånestruktur och fastighetsportfölj. Fastighetsvärde fluktuerar över tiden och tidigare kriser har visat att konjunkturen slår hårt mot fastighetsmarknaden. En icke fungerande finansiering påverkar fastighetsbolagens tillväxt negativt. Intervjuerna visar att de medverkande företagen har tagit lärdomar från tidigare finanskriser och är idag bättre rustade inför en sviktande konjunkturutveckling.

Background: In the last 20 years, the retail industry has experienced a drastic transformation and the rise of e-commerce has resulted in a change in the retail business models. Thus, there has been a shift from the traditional single-channel format to a multi-channel format. A critical challenge that retailers face with the multichannel format is the concept of showrooming, where consumers visit the brick-and-mortar retailer to explore the assortment and thus utilise the services offered, but finally purchases the product online. Problem: Brick-and-mortar retailers often consider showrooming as a threat regarding the act of free-riding which might lead to a loss of potential customers. However, opinions on how to conquer this undesirable behaviour vary. Previous research shares the underlying assumption that price is the critical driver for the consumers’ decision to perform showrooming. Although, there is no clear consensus on how to hinder this behaviour. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make sense of how customers’ in-store experiences affect showrooming in the clothing and footwear industry. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to beneficial theoretical retail knowledge as it investigates the underexplored research phenomenon of showrooming in a broad customer in-store experience context. Method: To perform this research, a qualitative research design was applied and 15 semi-structured interviews with self-proclaimed showroomers were conducted. Results: The findings declare that for a positive in-store experience to occur, it must be permeated by trust. When trust is achieved, the second critical factor of in-store experience in the context of showrooming concerns the availability. If these two factors of in-store experience are successfully managed, the desire to engage in showrooming decreases. These findings are visually demonstrated in a developed framework on page 49.

This contribution explores concepts, approaches and technologies used to make urban public spaces more playful and artful. Through a variety of compelling narratives involving play and art it assists in the design of new cyberparks, public spaces where digitally mediated interactions are an inherent part. How can play and interactive art be used to strengthen urban public spaces by fostering citizen engagement and participation? We propose to not only utilise interactive media for designing urban (public) spaces, but also for social innovation for the benefit of citizens. in cyberparks. The contribution connects urbanity, play and games, as well as concepts of active and passive interactive digital art as part of trends towards pervasive urban interaction, gameful design and artification. We position this as an important part of developing human-centred smart cities where social capital is central, and where citizens engaging in play and art are prerequisites for sustainable communities. Using art, play and games to foster citizen engagement and collaboration is a means to develop social technologies and support the development of collective intelligence in cyberparks. This is studied in concrete cases, such as the Ice Castle in Luleå, Sweden and the Ars Electronica in Linz, from a multi-disciplinary stance involving interaction design, digital art, landscape design, architecture, and health proficiencies. We will analyse two cases of gameful design and one case of digital interactive art being used to address urban issues. Rezone the game is an interactive multimedia game developed to tackle vacancy in the city of Den Bosch in the Netherlands. The Neighbourhood is a board game developed to involve various stakeholders in making their neighbourhood using water as a collective resource.

This chapter offers theoretical considerations and reflections on technological solutions that contribute to digitally supported documentation, access and reuse of localised heritage content in public spaces. It addresses immaterial cultural heritage, including informal stories that could emerge and be communicated by drawing hyperlinks between digitised assets, such as songs, images, drawings, texts and more, and not yet documented metadata, as well as augmenting interaction opportunities with interactive elements that relate to multiple media stored in databases and archives across Europe. The aim is to enable cultural heritage to be experienced in novel ways, supported by the proliferation of smartphones and ubiquitous Internet access together with new technical means for user profiling, personalisation, localisation, contextawareness and gamification. The chapter considers cyberparks as digitally enhanced public spaces for accessing and analyzing European cultural heritage and for enriching the interpretation of the past, along with theoretical ramifications and technological limitations. It identifies the capacities of a proposed digital environment together with design guidelines for interaction with cultural heritage assets in public spaces. The chapter concludes with describing a taxonomy of digital content that can be used in order to enhance association and occupation conditions of public spaces, and with discussing technological challenges associated with enriching public spaces with localized cultural heritage material., CyberParks

This contribution explores concepts, approaches and technologies used to make urban public spaces more playful and artful. Through a variety of compelling narratives involving play and art it assists in the design of new cyberparks, public spaces where digitally mediated interactions are an inherent part. How can play and interactive art be used to strengthen urban public spaces by fostering citizen engagement and participation? We propose to not only utilise interactive media for designing urban (public) spaces, but also for social innovation for the benefit of citizens. in cyberparks. The contribution connects urbanity, play and games, as well as concepts of active and passive interactive digital art as part of trends towards pervasive urban interaction, gameful design and artification. We position this as an important part of developing human-centred smart cities where social capital is central, and where citizens engaging in play and art are prerequisites for sustainable communities. Using art, play and games to foster citizen engagement and collaboration is a means to develop social technologies and support the development of collective intelligence in cyberparks. This is studied in concrete cases, such as the Ice Castle in Luleå, Sweden and the Ars Electronica in Linz, from a multi-disciplinary stance involving interaction design, digital art, landscape design, architecture, and health proficiencies. We will analyse two cases of gameful design and one case of digital interactive art being used to address urban issues. Rezone the game is an interactive multimedia game developed to tackle vacancy in the city of Den Bosch in the Netherlands. The Neighbourhood is a board game developed to involve various stakeholders in making their neighbourhood using water as a collective resource., CyberParks

BackgroundNeonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of punctate white matter injury (WMI) and impaired brain development. We hypothesized that WMI in CHD neonates occurs in a characteristic distribution that shares topology with preterm WMI and that lower birth gestational age (GA) is associated with larger WMI volume.Objective(1) To quantitatively assess the volume and location of WMI in CHD neonates across three centres. (2) To compare the volume and spatial distribution of WMI between term CHD neonates and preterm neonates using lesion mapping.MethodsIn 216 term born CHD neonates from three prospective cohorts (mean birth GA: 39 weeks), WMI was identified in 86 neonates (UBC: 29; UCSF: 43; UCZ: 14) on pre- and/or post-operative T1 weighted MRI. WMI was manually segmented and volumes were calculated. A standard brain template was generated. Probabilistic WMI maps (total, pre- and post-operative) were developed in this common space. Using these maps, WMI in the term CHD neonates was compared with that in preterm neonates: 58 at early-in-life (mean postmenstrual age at scan 32.2 weeks); 41 at term-equivalent age (mean postmenstrual age at scan 40.1 weeks).ResultsThe total WMI volumes of CHD neonates across centres did not differ (p = 0.068): UBC (median = 84.6 mm3, IQR = 26-174.7 mm3); UCSF (median = 104 mm3, IQR = 44-243 mm3); UCZ (median = 121 mm3, IQR = 68-200.8 mm3). The spatial distribution of WMI in CHD neonates showed strong concordance across centres with predilection for anterior and posterior rather than central lesions. Predominance of anterior lesions was apparent on the post-operative WMI map relative to the pre-operative map. Lower GA at birth predicted an increasing volume of WMI across the full cohort (41.1 mm3 increase of WMI per week decrease in gestational age; 95% CI 11.5-70.8; p = 0.007), when accounting for centre and heart lesion. While WMI in term CHD and preterm neonates occurs most commonly in the intermediate zone/outer

ObjectiveTo develop a simple imaging rule to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years in a cohort of preterm neonates with white matter injury (WMI) based on lesion location and examine whether clinical variables enhance prediction.MethodsSixty-eight preterm neonates born 24-32 weeks' gestation (median 27.7 weeks) were diagnosed with WMI on early brain MRI scans (median 32.3 weeks). 3D T1-weighted images of 60 neonates with 4.5-year outcomes were reformatted and aligned to the posterior commissure-eye plane and WMI was classified by location: anterior or posterior-only to the midventricle line on the reformatted axial plane. Adverse outcomes at 4.5 years were defined as Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence full-scale IQ <85, cerebral palsy, or Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition percentile <5. The prediction of adverse outcome by WMI location, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSix children had adverse cognitive outcomes and 17 had adverse motor outcomes. WMI location predicted cognitive outcomes in 90% (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.80) and motor outcomes in 85% (AUC 0.75). Adding IVH, BPD, and ROP to the model enhances the predictive strength for cognitive and motor outcomes (AUC 0.83 and 0.88, respectively). Rule performance was confirmed in an independent cohort of children with WMI.ConclusionsWMI on early MRI can be classified by location to predict preschool age outcomes in children born preterm. The predictive value of this WMI classification is enhanced by considering clinical factors apparent by term-equivalent age.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple imaging rule to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years in a cohort of preterm neonates with white matter injury (WMI) based on lesion location and examine whether clinical variables enhance prediction. METHODS: Sixty-eight preterm neonates born 24-32 weeks' gestation (median 27.7 weeks) were diagnosed with WMI on early brain MRI scans (median 32.3 weeks). 3D T1-weighted images of 60 neonates with 4.5-year outcomes were reformatted and aligned to the posterior commissure-eye plane and WMI was classified by location: anterior or posterior-only to the midventricle line on the reformatted axial plane. Adverse outcomes at 4.5 years were defined as Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence full-scale IQ <85, cerebral palsy, or Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition percentile <5. The prediction of adverse outcome by WMI location, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Six children had adverse cognitive outcomes and 17 had adverse motor outcomes. WMI location predicted cognitive outcomes in 90% (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.80) and motor outcomes in 85% (AUC 0.75). Adding IVH, BPD, and ROP to the model enhances the predictive strength for cognitive and motor outcomes (AUC 0.83 and 0.88, respectively). Rule performance was confirmed in an independent cohort of children with WMI. CONCLUSIONS: WMI on early MRI can be classified by location to predict preschool age outcomes in children born preterm. The predictive value of this WMI classification is enhanced by considering clinical factors apparent by term-equivalent age.

BACKGROUND: Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of punctate white matter injury (WMI) and impaired brain development. We hypothesized that WMI in CHD neonates occurs in a characteristic distribution that shares topology with preterm WMI and that lower birth gestational age (GA) is associated with larger WMI volume. OBJECTIVE: (1) To quantitatively assess the volume and location of WMI in CHD neonates across three centres. (2) To compare the volume and spatial distribution of WMI between term CHD neonates and preterm neonates using lesion mapping. METHODS: In 216 term born CHD neonates from three prospective cohorts (mean birth GA: 39 weeks), WMI was identified in 86 neonates (UBC: 29; UCSF: 43; UCZ: 14) on pre- and/or post-operative T1 weighted MRI. WMI was manually segmented and volumes were calculated. A standard brain template was generated. Probabilistic WMI maps (total, pre- and post-operative) were developed in this common space. Using these maps, WMI in the term CHD neonates was compared with that in preterm neonates: 58 at early-in-life (mean postmenstrual age at scan 32.2 weeks); 41 at term-equivalent age (mean postmenstrual age at scan 40.1 weeks). RESULTS: The total WMI volumes of CHD neonates across centres did not differ (p = 0.068): UBC (median = 84.6 mm, IQR = 26-174.7 mm); UCSF (median = 104 mm, IQR = 44-243 mm); UCZ (median = 121 mm, IQR = 68-200.8 mm). The spatial distribution of WMI in CHD neonates showed strong concordance across centres with predilection for anterior and posterior rather than central lesions. Predominance of anterior lesions was apparent on the post-operative WMI map relative to the pre-operative map. Lower GA at birth predicted an increasing volume of WMI across the full cohort (41.1 mm increase of WMI per week decrease in gestational age; 95% CI 11.5-70.8; p = 0.007), when accounting for centre and heart lesion. While WMI in term CHD and preterm neonates occurs most commonly in the intermediate zone/o

This chapter offers theoretical considerations and reflections on technological solutions that contribute to digitally supported documentation, access and reuse of localised heritage content in public spaces. It addresses immaterial cultural heritage, including informal stories that could emerge and be communicated by drawing hyperlinks between digitised assets, such as songs, images, drawings, texts and more, and not yet documented metadata, as well as augmenting interaction opportunities with interactive elements that relate to multiple media stored in databases and archives across Europe. The aim is to enable cultural heritage to be experienced in novel ways, supported by the proliferation of smartphones and ubiquitous Internet access together with new technical means for user profiling, personalisation, localisation, contextawareness and gamification. The chapter considers cyberparks as digitally enhanced public spaces for accessing and analyzing European cultural heritage and for enriching the interpretation of the past, along with theoretical ramifications and technological limitations. It identifies the capacities of a proposed digital environment together with design guidelines for interaction with cultural heritage assets in public spaces. The chapter concludes with describing a taxonomy of digital content that can be used in order to enhance association and occupation conditions of public spaces, and with discussing technological challenges associated with enriching public spaces with localized cultural heritage material., CyberParks

This contribution explores concepts, approaches and technologies used to make urban public spaces more playful and artful. Through a variety of compelling narratives involving play and art it assists in the design of new cyberparks, public spaces where digitally mediated interactions are an inherent part. How can play and interactive art be used to strengthen urban public spaces by fostering citizen engagement and participation? We propose to not only utilise interactive media for designing urban (public) spaces, but also for social innovation for the benefit of citizens. in cyberparks. The contribution connects urbanity, play and games, as well as concepts of active and passive interactive digital art as part of trends towards pervasive urban interaction, gameful design and artification. We position this as an important part of developing human-centred smart cities where social capital is central, and where citizens engaging in play and art are prerequisites for sustainable communities. Using art, play and games to foster citizen engagement and collaboration is a means to develop social technologies and support the development of collective intelligence in cyberparks. This is studied in concrete cases, such as the Ice Castle in Luleå, Sweden and the Ars Electronica in Linz, from a multi-disciplinary stance involving interaction design, digital art, landscape design, architecture, and health proficiencies. We will analyse two cases of gameful design and one case of digital interactive art being used to address urban issues. Rezone the game is an interactive multimedia game developed to tackle vacancy in the city of Den Bosch in the Netherlands. The Neighbourhood is a board game developed to involve various stakeholders in making their neighbourhood using water as a collective resource., CyberParks

The Human Health and Activity Laboratory (H2Al) is a new research facility at Luleå University of Technology implemented during 2018 as a smart home environment in an educational training apartment for nurses and therapists at the Luleå campus. This paper presents the design and implementation of the lab together with a discussion on potential impact. The aim is to identify and overcome economical, technical and social barriers to achieve an envisioned good and equal health and welfare within and from home environments. The lab is equipped with multiple sensor and actuator systems in the environment, worn by persons and based on digital information. The systems will allow for advanced capture, filtering, analysis and visualization of research data such as A/V, EEG, ECG, EMG, GSR, respiration and location while being able to detect falls, sleep apnea and other critical health and wellbeing issues. The resulting studies will be aimed towards supporting and equipping future home environments and care facilities, spanning from temporary care to primary care at hospitals, with technologies for activity and critical health and wellness issue detection. The work will be conducted at an International level and within a European context, based on a collaboration with other smart labs, such that experiments can be replicated at multiple sites. This paper presents some initial lessons learnt including design, setup and configuration for comparison of sensor placements and configurations as well as analytical methods., REMIND

This paper discusses supporting collaborative care of elderly through a reward system based on distributed ledger technologies. The design and implementation of such a reward system that connect elderly and volunteers by mutual agreements involve technologies such as smart contracts and blockchains. The work is motivated by the demographic change, where an aging population consequently increases the need for care. This causes a great tension in our society, as care resources become increasingly constrained, both regarding costs and availability of care staff. Much of the daily care of the elderly is today done by family members (spouses, children) and friends, often on a voluntarily basis, which adds to the tension. The core idea of this work is to help broaden the involvement of people in caring for our elderly, enabled by a system for collaborative care. The proposed system benefits from recent advances in distributed ledger technologies, which similarly to digital currencies, are build on the ability for mutual agreements between people who do not know each other. The system also benefits from recent gamification techniques to motivate people to collaborate on a larger scale through performing simple daily tasks. The proposed system benefits from inherent distributed ledger technologies advantages, such as a high level of decentralization, thus a high availability, and strong data consistency. These advantages make it interesting to develop the possible links between blockchains and the outside world to allow for a higher level of automation and distribution of services such as collaborative care. New models for distributed ledger technologies, such as Iota tangles or the Swirld platform, may however scale and perform better than blockchains. These should thus be considered for a full implementation and test of the system. In summary, this paper presents a novel framework and prototype implementation of a reward system supporting collaborative care of elderly, th, Concedo

This paper discusses supporting collaborative care of elderly through a reward system based on distributed ledger technologies. The design and implementation of such a reward system that connect elderly and volunteers by mutual agreements involve technologies such as smart contracts and blockchains. The work is motivated by the demographic change, where an aging population consequently increases the need for care. This causes a great tension in our society, as care resources become increasingly constrained, both regarding costs and availability of care staff. Much of the daily care of the elderly is today done by family members (spouses, children) and friends, often on a voluntarily basis, which adds to the tension. The core idea of this work is to help broaden the involvement of people in caring for our elderly, enabled by a system for collaborative care. The proposed system benefits from recent advances in distributed ledger technologies, which similarly to digital currencies, are build on the ability for mutual agreements between people who do not know each other. The system also benefits from recent gamification techniques to motivate people to collaborate on a larger scale through performing simple daily tasks. The proposed system benefits from inherent distributed ledger technologies advantages, such as a high level of decentralization, thus a high availability, and strong data consistency. These advantages make it interesting to develop the possible links between blockchains and the outside world to allow for a higher level of automation and distribution of services such as collaborative care. New models for distributed ledger technologies, such as Iota tangles or the Swirld platform, may however scale and perform better than blockchains. These should thus be considered for a full implementation and test of the system. In summary, this paper presents a novel framework and prototype implementation of a reward system supporting collaborative care of elderly, th, Concedo

Acute chorioamnionitis refers to the neutrophilic inflammation of the placental tissues thought to result from an ascending bacterial infection. It is considered a major factor associated with pretermbirth and has been estimated to occur in 40%to 80% of preterm deliveries. Chorioamnionitis is associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes, including respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. Clinical studies examining brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants with chorioamnionitis have yielded inconsistent results. Most of these studies have focused on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Because the incidence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia has greatly decreased during the past decades concurrent with improvements in neonatal intensive care, punctate white matter injury (WMI) is increasingly recognized as the most prevalent pattern of brain injury among preterm neonates. The researchers performed a prospective cohort study conducted across 3 academic centers in Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States. Children who were born preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and who had undergone a placental pathologic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as soon as clinically stable, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley III) assessments between 18 and 24 months' corrected age (CA) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed for grade of IVH and volume of punctate WMI. Data analysis occurred between December 2016 and January 2018. Final multivariable analyses examining the association of chorioamnionitis with motor and cognitive outcomes accounted for academic center and perinatal and postnatal factors. PunctateWMI volume and IVH detected on neonatalMRI scans were used tomeasure the results,withmotor and cognitive outcomes defined using Bayley III assessments conducted among these children between 18 and 24 months' CA

Importance:Understanding the role of chorioamnionitis, a major factor leading to preterm birth, in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes may help in identifying potentially modifiable perinatal variables affecting brain health and outcomes among children born preterm. Objective:To evaluate whether histologic chorioamnionitis among neonates born very preterm is associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and punctate white matter injury (WMI) or with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes during early childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants:Prospective cohort study conducted across 3 academic centers (from April 2006 to September 2013 in Canada, from March 2007 to March 2013 in the Netherlands, and from January 2004 to August 2011 in the United States). Children who were born preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and who had undergone a placental pathologic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging as soon as clinically stable, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) assessments between 18 and 24 months' corrected age (CA) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed for grade of IVH and volume of punctate WMI. Data analysis occurred between December 2016 and January 2018. Final multivariable analyses examining the association of chorioamnionitis with motor and cognitive outcomes accounted for academic center and perinatal and postnatal factors. Main Outcomes and Measures:Punctate WMI volume and IVH detected on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging scans; motor and cognitive outcomes defined using Bayley-III assessments conducted among these children between 18 and 24 months' CA. Results:Of 350 neonates (182 male) in the final cohort, 145 (41.4%) had histologic chorioamnionitis. Gestational age was significantly lower among those with chorioamnionitis (median, 26.4 weeks; interquartile range [IQR], 25.6-27.7 weeks) than among those without chorioamnionitis (median, 28.0

Den svenska tågmarknaden är idag avreglerad från att tidigare ha varit monopoliserad av Statens Järnvägar (SJ). Många företag inom tågbranschen använder, precis som inom flyg- och hotellindustrin, sig av dynamisk prissättning. Priser anpassas hela tiden för att maximera lönsamheten där flera faktorer tas i beaktning vid prissättningen. Syftet med denna studie är att granska hur prissätningsprocessen hos nyetablerade företag påverkas utifrån Porters sju inträdesbarriärer. Studien har utförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med två företag som trätt in på tågmarknaden vid olika tidpunkter efter avregleringen. Resultatet av den genomförda undersökningen fann att inträdesbarriärer påverkar prissätningsprocessen hos båda företagen. Däremot använder sig företagen av olika prissättningstrategier och således påverkas dem av olika inträdesbarriärer.

BACKGROUND: Orally administered sucrose is effective and safe in reducing pain intensity during single, tissue-damaging procedures in neonates, and is commonly recommended in neonatal pain guidelines. However, there is wide variability in sucrose doses examined in research, and more than a 20-fold variation across neonatal care settings. The aim of this study was to determine the minimally effective dose of 24% sucrose for reducing pain in hospitalized neonates undergoing a single skin-breaking heel lance procedure. METHODS: A total of 245 neonates from 4 Canadian tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), born between 24 and 42 weeks gestational age (GA), were prospectively randomized to receive one of three doses of 24% sucrose, plus non-nutritive sucking/pacifier, 2 min before a routine heel lance: 0.1 ml (Group 1; n = 81), 0.5 ml (Group 2; n = 81), or 1.0 ml (Group 3; n = 83). The primary outcome was pain intensity measured at 30 and 60 s following the heel lance, using the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R). The secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. Analysis of covariance models, adjusting for GA and study site examined between group differences in pain intensity across intervention groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in mean pain intensity PIPP-R scores between treatment groups at 30 s (P = .97) and 60 s (P = .93); however, pain was not fully eliminated during the heel lance procedure. There were 5 reported adverse events among 5/245 (2.0%) neonates, with no significant differences in the proportion of events by sucrose dose (P = .62). All events resolved spontaneously without medical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The minimally effective dose of 24% sucrose required to treat pain associated with a single heel lance in neonates was 0.1 ml. Further evaluation regarding the sustained effectiveness of this dose in reducing pain intensity in neonates for repeated painful procedures is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials

Acute chorioamnionitis refers to the neutrophilic inflammation of the placental tissues thought to result from an ascending bacterial infection. It is considered a major factor associated with pretermbirth and has been estimated to occur in 40%to 80% of preterm deliveries. Chorioamnionitis is associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes, including respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. Clinical studies examining brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants with chorioamnionitis have yielded inconsistent results. Most of these studies have focused on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Because the incidence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia has greatly decreased during the past decades concurrent with improvements in neonatal intensive care, punctate white matter injury (WMI) is increasingly recognized as the most prevalent pattern of brain injury among preterm neonates. The researchers performed a prospective cohort study conducted across 3 academic centers in Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States. Children who were born preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and who had undergone a placental pathologic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as soon as clinically stable, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley III) assessments between 18 and 24 months' corrected age (CA) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed for grade of IVH and volume of punctate WMI. Data analysis occurred between December 2016 and January 2018. Final multivariable analyses examining the association of chorioamnionitis with motor and cognitive outcomes accounted for academic center and perinatal and postnatal factors. PunctateWMI volume and IVH detected on neonatalMRI scans were used tomeasure the results,withmotor and cognitive outcomes defined using Bayley III assessments conducted among these children between 18 and 24 months' CA

Importance:Understanding the role of chorioamnionitis, a major factor leading to preterm birth, in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes may help in identifying potentially modifiable perinatal variables affecting brain health and outcomes among children born preterm. Objective:To evaluate whether histologic chorioamnionitis among neonates born very preterm is associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and punctate white matter injury (WMI) or with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes during early childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants:Prospective cohort study conducted across 3 academic centers (from April 2006 to September 2013 in Canada, from March 2007 to March 2013 in the Netherlands, and from January 2004 to August 2011 in the United States). Children who were born preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and who had undergone a placental pathologic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging as soon as clinically stable, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) assessments between 18 and 24 months' corrected age (CA) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed for grade of IVH and volume of punctate WMI. Data analysis occurred between December 2016 and January 2018. Final multivariable analyses examining the association of chorioamnionitis with motor and cognitive outcomes accounted for academic center and perinatal and postnatal factors. Main Outcomes and Measures:Punctate WMI volume and IVH detected on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging scans; motor and cognitive outcomes defined using Bayley-III assessments conducted among these children between 18 and 24 months' CA. Results:Of 350 neonates (182 male) in the final cohort, 145 (41.4%) had histologic chorioamnionitis. Gestational age was significantly lower among those with chorioamnionitis (median, 26.4 weeks; interquartile range [IQR], 25.6-27.7 weeks) than among those without chorioamnionitis (median, 28.0

BackgroundHuman studies investigating the link between postnatal polyunsaturated fatty acids and preterm brain growth are limited, despite emerging evidence of potential effects on outcomes.MethodsSixty preterm neonates <32 weeks gestational age with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning at near-birth and near-term age were assessed for brain tissue volumes, including cortical gray matter, white matter, deep gray matter, cerebellum, brainstem, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Red blood cell fatty acid content was evaluated within 1 week of each MRI scan. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 30-36 months corrected age was assessed.ResultsAdjusting for potential confounders, higher near-birth docosahexaenoic acid levels are associated with larger cortical gray matter, deep gray matter, and brainstem volumes and higher near-term levels with larger deep gray matter, cerebellar, and brainstem volumes at near-term age; lower near-birth linoleic acid levels are correlated with larger white matter volume at near-term age. By 30-36 months corrected age, larger cortical and deep gray matter, cerebellar, and brainstem volumes by term age are associated with improved language scores and larger cerebellar and brainstem volumes with improved motor scores.ConclusionSpecific polyunsaturated fatty acid levels have differential and time-dependent associations with brain region growth. Larger brain volumes are associated with improved outcomes at preschool age.

BACKGROUND:Brain injury (BI) is reported in 60% of newborns with critical congenital heart disease as white matter injury (WMI) or stroke. Neurodevelopmental (ND) impairments are reported in these patients. The relationship between neonatal BI and ND outcome has not been established. OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine the association between peri-operative BI and ND outcomes in infants with single ventricle physiology (SVP) and d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). METHODS:Term newborns with d-TGA and SVP had pre-operative and post-operative brain magnetic resonance imaging and ND outcomes assessed at 12 and 30 months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. BI was categorized by the brain injury severity score and WMI was quantified by volumetric analysis. RESULTS:A total of 104 infants had follow-up at 12 months and 70 had follow-up at 30 months. At 12 months, only clinical variables were associated with ND outcome. At 30 months, subjects with moderate-to-severe WMI had significantly lower Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores (13 points lower) as compared with those with none or minimal WMI for d-TGA and SVP (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for various factors. Quantitative WMI volume was likewise associated. Stroke was not associated with outcome. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for PDI scores at 12 and 30 months were wide (-40.3 to 31.2) across the range of mean PDI values. CONCLUSIONS:Increasing burden of WMI is associated with worse motor outcomes at 30 months for infants with critical congenital heart disease, whereas no adverse association was seen between small strokes and outcome. These results support the utility of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging in this population to aid in predicting later outcomes and the importance of ND follow-up beyond 1 year of age.

The main objective of this study was to propose a concept for a virtual coach to be used by people who suffer from costly and challenging diseases such as dementia, depression, diabetes and cardiac related issues, and by their caretakers presenting healthcare service providers or family members of the people suffering from the named diseases. Those listed diseases form almost an unbearable burden for individual persons, their next-of-kin, and those providing health services. The construction of the concept was based on earlier knowledge, and guidelines proposed for design science research were applied. The proposed concept is to sketch a virtual coach that utilizes sensor-based data and written diaries, and that helps patients and their caretakers to get accurate and individual information to support everyday life and healthcare.