Search

Cities are dynamically changing with the rapid pace of urbanisation. India being a developing nation has an ever-increasing number of mega cities. What follows this unprecedented rate of urbanisation is not only economic and industrial growth but also deteriorating urban quality of life. Thus, emergence of sustainable urbanisation in cities is an extreme requisite in order to gain environmental equity. Ecosystems approach allows restoring of the ecosystem component within cities and embedded with the urban planning process yields sustainable urbanisation. The research paper develops an urban sustainability evaluation framework to guide sustainable urbanisation and assists the decision-making process.

In the next twenty years, urban populations in Africa are expected to double, while urban land cover could triple. An often-overlooked dimension of this urban transformation is the growth of small towns and medium-sized cities. In this paper, we explore the ways in which small towns are straddling rural and urban life, and consider how insights into this in-betweenness can contribute to our understanding of Africa’s urban transformation. In particular, we examine the ways in which urbanism is produced and expressed in places where urban living is emerging but the administrative label for such locations is still ‘village’. For this purpose, we draw on case-study material from two small towns in Tanzania, comprising both qualitative and quantitative data, including analyses of photographs and maps collected in 2010–2018. First, we explore the dwindling role of agriculture and the importance of farming, businesses and services for the diversification of livelihoods. However, income diversification varies substantially among population groups, depending on economic and migrant status, gender, and age. Second, we show the ways in which institutions, buildings, and transport infrastructure display the material dimensions of urbanism, and how urbanism is planned and aspired to. Third, we describe how well-established middle-aged households, independent women (some of whom are mothers), and young people, mostly living in single-person households, explain their visions and values of the ways in which urbanism is expressed in small towns. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of this urban life-in-becoming of small towns for urban planning, emphasizing the importance of the development of inclusive local governance. Ultimately, we argue that our study establishes an important starting point for further explorations of the role of the simultaneous production and expression of urbanism in small town urbanization.

From the point of view of a critical urban theory, this analysis article aims to examine the relationship between the production of space in the process of neoliberal urbanization, with the restructuring and rescheduling actions linked to policies and agents that produce urban space, and its current link with the phenomenon of climate change and its role in the urban restructuring of world cities. To this end, the connection between the global risk society paradigm and the rise of discourses and narratives as: resilience and sustainable urbanization associated with the phenomenon of climate change and its main disseminating agents. This analysis is completed with reflection on the construction of narratives about the role of autonomy (individual and collective) and the decentralization of the State, present in the neoliberal discourse of risk production and management and of space production in global governance. It is a qualitative research. To carry out the study, in addition to extensive bibliographic research, a documentary analysis was carried out to examine reports, websites and documents linked to multilateral institutions, among others. It is concluded that, currently, there are devices/narratives that promote the State’s lack of responsibility towards the socially and environmentally vulnerable populations of cities in the Global South, and the stimulus to the privatization of common goods and public services. These devices are linked to the pattern of contemporary hegemonic neoliberal planetary urbanization., Desde el punto de vista de una teoría urbana crítica este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar en el proceso de urbanización neoliberal, la relación entre la producción de espacio y las acciones de reestructuración y reprogramación vinculadas a políticas y agentes que producen espacio urbano; así como su vínculo actual con el fenómeno del cambio climático y su papel en la reestructuración urbana de las ciudades del mundo. Se discute la conexión entre el paradigma global de la sociedad del riesgo y el surgimiento de discursos y narrativas tales como: resiliencia y urbanización sostenible, asociadas con el fenómeno del cambio climático y sus principales agentes de difusión. También hay un reflejo sobre la construcción de narrativas sobre el papel de la autonomía y la descentralización del Estado, presente en el discurso neoliberal de producción y gestión de riesgos de la gobernanza urbana global. Es una investigación cualitativa. Se concluye que, actualmente, existen dispositivos que promueven la falta de responsabilidad del Estado hacia las poblaciones social y ambientalmente vulnerables de las ciudades en el Sur Global, y estimulan la privatización de bienes y servicios públicos comunes. Estos dispositivos están vinculados al patrón de urbanización planetaria neoliberal hegemónica contemporánea., Sob o ponto de vista de uma teoria crítica urbana, esse artigo de análise, visa examinar a relação entre a produção do espaço, no processo de urbanização neoliberal, com as ações de reestruturação e reescalonamento ligadas às políticas e agentes produtores do espaço urbano, e sua vinculação, atual, com o fenômeno das mudanças climáticas e seu papel na reestruturação urbana das cidades mundiais. Discute-se a ligação do paradigma da “sociedade de risco” global com a ascensão de discursos e narrativas como: resiliência e urbanização sustentável, associados ao fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, e seus principais agentes difusores. Realiza-se também uma reflexão sobre a construção de narrativas a respeito do papel da autonomia e da descentralização do Estado, presentes no discurso neoliberal da produção e gestão de risco da governança urbana global. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Conclui-se, que existem, atualmente, dispositivos que promovem a desresponsabilização do Estado perante as populações vulneráveis social e ambientalmente das cidades do Sul Global, e o estímulo a privatização de bens comuns e serviços públicos, esses dispositivos estão ligados ao padrão de urbanização planetária neoliberal hegemônico contemporâneo.

Many local governments engaging in sustainable urban development also have a growing interest in becoming inclusive too, brand themselves as such and develop policies to become inclusive cities. However, knowing what exactly this entails and how it can be achieved is not always quite straightforward and requires thorough theoretical and empirical exploration. Consequently, we present a systematic deconstruction of the inclusive city concept in order to develop a better understanding of the main features and dimensions; this is done by means of both a bibliometric analysis and qualitative literature review. The results indicate that inclusiveness is multidimensional and comprised of spatial, social, environmental, economic, and political dimensions in which the characteristics of participation, equity, accessibility and sustainability are sometimes interwoven. Overall, the inclusive city is not merely a precondition for the creation of just space, well-being, and environmental responsibility, but also an opportunity to take stock of interests of stakeholders in cities and to create local public value. The findings have implications for urban policy and practice, more specifically, the clarification of the inclusive city concept and conceptual dimensions will provide significant reference for policymakers and practitioners to make prudent decisions in the process of creating an inclusive city., Integral Design and Management

From the point of view of a critical urban theory, this analysis article aims to examine the relationship between the production of space in the process of neoliberal urbanization, with the restructuring and rescheduling actions linked to policies and agents that produce urban space, and its current link with the phenomenon of climate change and its role in the urban restructuring of world cities. To this end, the connection between the global risk society paradigm and the rise of discourses and narratives as: resilience and sustainable urbanization associated with the phenomenon of climate change and its main disseminating agents. This analysis is completed with reflection on the construction of narratives about the role of autonomy (individual and collective) and the decentralization of the State, present in the neoliberal discourse of risk production and management and of space production in global governance. It is a qualitative research. To carry out the study, in addition to extensive bibliographic research, a documentary analysis was carried out to examine reports, websites and documents linked to multilateral institutions, among others. It is concluded that, currently, there are devices/narratives that promote the State’s lack of responsibility towards the socially and environmentally vulnerable populations of cities in the Global South, and the stimulus to the privatization of common goods and public services. These devices are linked to the pattern of contemporary hegemonic neoliberal planetary urbanization., Desde el punto de vista de una teoría urbana crítica este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar en el proceso de urbanización neoliberal, la relación entre la producción de espacio y las acciones de reestructuración y reprogramación vinculadas a políticas y agentes que producen espacio urbano; así como su vínculo actual con el fenómeno del cambio climático y su papel en la reestructuración urbana de las ciudades del mundo. Se discute la conexión entre el paradigma global de la sociedad del riesgo y el surgimiento de discursos y narrativas tales como: resiliencia y urbanización sostenible, asociadas con el fenómeno del cambio climático y sus principales agentes de difusión. También hay un reflejo sobre la construcción de narrativas sobre el papel de la autonomía y la descentralización del Estado, presente en el discurso neoliberal de producción y gestión de riesgos de la gobernanza urbana global. Es una investigación cualitativa. Se concluye que, actualmente, existen dispositivos que promueven la falta de responsabilidad del Estado hacia las poblaciones social y ambientalmente vulnerables de las ciudades en el Sur Global, y estimulan la privatización de bienes y servicios públicos comunes. Estos dispositivos están vinculados al patrón de urbanización planetaria neoliberal hegemónica contemporánea., Sob o ponto de vista de uma teoria crítica urbana, esse artigo de análise, visa examinar a relação entre a produção do espaço, no processo de urbanização neoliberal, com as ações de reestruturação e reescalonamento ligadas às políticas e agentes produtores do espaço urbano, e sua vinculação, atual, com o fenômeno das mudanças climáticas e seu papel na reestruturação urbana das cidades mundiais. Discute-se a ligação do paradigma da “sociedade de risco” global com a ascensão de discursos e narrativas como: resiliência e urbanização sustentável, associados ao fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, e seus principais agentes difusores. Realiza-se também uma reflexão sobre a construção de narrativas a respeito do papel da autonomia e da descentralização do Estado, presentes no discurso neoliberal da produção e gestão de risco da governança urbana global. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Conclui-se, que existem, atualmente, dispositivos que promovem a desresponsabilização do Estado perante as populações vulneráveis social e ambientalmente das cidades do Sul Global, e o estímulo a privatização de bens comuns e serviços públicos, esses dispositivos estão ligados ao padrão de urbanização planetária neoliberal hegemônico contemporâneo.

From the point of view of a critical urban theory, this analysis article aims to examine the relationship between the production of space in the process of neoliberal urbanization, with the restructuring and rescheduling actions linked to policies and agents that produce urban space, and its current link with the phenomenon of climate change and its role in the urban restructuring of world cities. To this end, the connection between the global risk society paradigm and the rise of discourses and narratives as: resilience and sustainable urbanization associated with the phenomenon of climate change and its main disseminating agents. This analysis is completed with reflection on the construction of narratives about the role of autonomy (individual and collective) and the decentralization of the State, present in the neoliberal discourse of risk production and management and of space production in global governance. It is a qualitative research. To carry out the study, in addition to extensive bibliographic research, a documentary analysis was carried out to examine reports, websites and documents linked to multilateral institutions, among others. It is concluded that, currently, there are devices/narratives that promote the State’s lack of responsibility towards the socially and environmentally vulnerable populations of cities in the Global South, and the stimulus to the privatization of common goods and public services. These devices are linked to the pattern of contemporary hegemonic neoliberal planetary urbanization., Sob o ponto de vista de uma teoria crítica urbana, esse artigo de análise, visa examinar a relação entre a produção do espaço, no processo de urbanização neoliberal, com as ações de reestruturação e reescalonamento ligadas às políticas e agentes produtores do espaço urbano, e sua vinculação, atual, com o fenômeno das mudanças climáticas e seu papel na reestruturação urbana das cidades mundiais. Discute-se a ligação do paradigma da “sociedade de risco” global com a ascensão de discursos e narrativas como: resiliência e urbanização sustentável, associados ao fenômeno das mudanças climáticas, e seus principais agentes difusores. Realiza-se também uma reflexão sobre a construção de narrativas a respeito do papel da autonomia e da descentralização do Estado, presentes no discurso neoliberal da produção e gestão de risco da governança urbana global. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Conclui-se, que existem, atualmente, dispositivos que promovem a desresponsabilização do Estado perante as populações vulneráveis social e ambientalmente das cidades do Sul Global, e o estímulo a privatização de bens comuns e serviços públicos, esses dispositivos estão ligados ao padrão de urbanização planetária neoliberal hegemônico contemporâneo., Desde el punto de vista de una teoría urbana crítica este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar en el proceso de urbanización neoliberal, la relación entre la producción de espacio y las acciones de reestructuración y reprogramación vinculadas a políticas y agentes que producen espacio urbano; así como su vínculo actual con el fenómeno del cambio climático y su papel en la reestructuración urbana de las ciudades del mundo. Se discute la conexión entre el paradigma global de la sociedad del riesgo y el surgimiento de discursos y narrativas tales como: resiliencia y urbanización sostenible, asociadas con el fenómeno del cambio climático y sus principales agentes de difusión. También hay un reflejo sobre la construcción de narrativas sobre el papel de la autonomía y la descentralización del Estado, presente en el discurso neoliberal de producción y gestión de riesgos de la gobernanza urbana global. Es una investigación cualitativa. Se concluye que, actualmente, existen dispositivos que promueven la falta de responsabilidad del Estado hacia las poblaciones social y ambientalmente vulnerables de las ciudades en el Sur Global, y estimulan la privatización de bienes y servicios públicos comunes. Estos dispositivos están vinculados al patrón de urbanización planetaria neoliberal hegemónica contemporánea.

Many local governments engaging in sustainable urban development also have a growing interest in becoming inclusive too, brand themselves as such and develop policies to become inclusive cities. However, knowing what exactly this entails and how it can be achieved is not always quite straightforward and requires thorough theoretical and empirical exploration. Consequently, we present a systematic deconstruction of the inclusive city concept in order to develop a better understanding of the main features and dimensions; this is done by means of both a bibliometric analysis and qualitative literature review. The results indicate that inclusiveness is multidimensional and comprised of spatial, social, environmental, economic, and political dimensions in which the characteristics of participation, equity, accessibility and sustainability are sometimes interwoven. Overall, the inclusive city is not merely a precondition for the creation of just space, well-being, and environmental responsibility, but also an opportunity to take stock of interests of stakeholders in cities and to create local public value. The findings have implications for urban policy and practice, more specifically, the clarification of the inclusive city concept and conceptual dimensions will provide significant reference for policymakers and practitioners to make prudent decisions in the process of creating an inclusive city., Integral Design & Management

So far, consumer housing values have not been addressed as factors affecting the market diffusion potential of multi-storey wood building (MSWB). To fill the void, this study addresses different types of consumer housing values in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (i.e., Nordic region), and whether they affect the likelihood of prejudices against building with wood in the housing markets. The data collected in 2018 from 2191 consumers in the Nordic region were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and logistic binary regression analysis. According to the results, consumers’ perceptions on ecological sustainability, material usage and urban lifestyle were similar in all countries, while country-specific differences were detected for perceptions on aesthetics and natural milieus. In all countries, appreciating urban lifestyle and living in attractive neighborhoods with good reputation increased the likelihood of prejudices against wood building, while appreciation of aesthetics and natural milieus decreased the likelihood of prejudices. In strengthening the demand for MSWB and sustainable urbanization through actions in businesses (e.g., branding) and via public policy support (e.g., land zoning), few messages derive from the results. In all, abreast with the already existing knowledge on the supply side factors (e.g., wood building innovations), more customized information is needed on the consumer-driven issues affecting the demand potential of MSWB in the housing markets. This would enable, e.g., both enhancing the supply of wooden homes for consumers appreciating urban lifestyle and neighborhoods and fortifying positive image of wood among consumers especially appreciating good architecture and pleasant environmental milieus.

So far, consumer housing values have not been addressed as factors affecting the market diffusion potential of multi-storey wood building (MSWB). To fill the void, this study addresses different types of consumer housing values in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (i.e., Nordic region), and whether they affect the likelihood of prejudices against building with wood in the housing markets. The data collected in 2018 from 2191 consumers in the Nordic region were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and logistic binary regression analysis. According to the results, consumers’ perceptions on ecological sustainability, material usage and urban lifestyle were similar in all countries, while country-specific differences were detected for perceptions on aesthetics and natural milieus. In all countries, appreciating urban lifestyle and living in attractive neighborhoods with good reputation increased the likelihood of prejudices against wood building, while appreciation of aesthetics and natural milieus decreased the likelihood of prejudices. In strengthening the demand for MSWB and sustainable urbanization through actions in businesses (e.g., branding) and via public policy support (e.g., land zoning), few messages derive from the results. In all, abreast with the already existing knowledge on the supply side factors (e.g., wood building innovations), more customized information is needed on the consumer-driven issues affecting the demand potential of MSWB in the housing markets. This would enable, e.g., both enhancing the supply of wooden homes for consumers appreciating urban lifestyle and neighborhoods and fortifying positive image of wood among consumers especially appreciating good architecture and pleasant environmental milieus.

Utformningen av våra offentliga miljöer bidrar till att många känner sig otrygga, och oron att utsättas för brott medför att många, speciellt kvinnor, undviker att vistas utomhus. Detta visar att åtgärder som ökar rörligheten och tryggheten för kvinnor i det offentliga rummet är nödvändiga. Detta projekt behandlar ämnet trygghet på offentliga platser, och fokus ligger på offentliga toaletter. Frågan är aktuell och grundar sig i det faktum att det traditionellt sett har byggts fler offentliga toaletter för män än för kvinnor, och att de sällan är utformade för flickor, kvinnor och småbarnsföräldrars behov. Projektets syfte är att förbättra tillgången, utformningen och/eller upplevelsen av offentliga toaletter. Att genom design undersöka hur det offentliga rummet kan bli mer tryggt och tillgängligt för män och kvinnor på lika villkor., The planning, structure and shape of our urban environments affects our mindsets and perception of safety. The fear of being exposed to crimes causes many, especially women, to avoid certain public places completely. This proves the necessity of increasing and improving the mobility and safety for women in public spaces. This is the topic of this project, and the focus is on public toilets. The issue is relevant and it is based on the fact that cities traditionally have provided more toilets adapted to men (such as urinals), and existing toilets rarely being designed and equipped to fit the needs of women, girls and parents of young children. The purpose of this project is to improve the availability, design and experience of public restrooms. How can one, using design, improve the public space to feel more safe and accessible for men and women on equal terms.

Utformningen av våra offentliga miljöer bidrar till att många känner sig otrygga, och oron att utsättas för brott medför att många, speciellt kvinnor, undviker att vistas utomhus. Detta visar att åtgärder som ökar rörligheten och tryggheten för kvinnor i det offentliga rummet är nödvändiga. Detta projekt behandlar ämnet trygghet på offentliga platser, och fokus ligger på offentliga toaletter. Frågan är aktuell och grundar sig i det faktum att det traditionellt sett har byggts fler offentliga toaletter för män än för kvinnor, och att de sällan är utformade för flickor, kvinnor och småbarnsföräldrars behov. Projektets syfte är att förbättra tillgången, utformningen och/eller upplevelsen av offentliga toaletter. Att genom design undersöka hur det offentliga rummet kan bli mer tryggt och tillgängligt för män och kvinnor på lika villkor., The planning, structure and shape of our urban environments affects our mindsets and perception of safety. The fear of being exposed to crimes causes many, especially women, to avoid certain public places completely. This proves the necessity of increasing and improving the mobility and safety for women in public spaces. This is the topic of this project, and the focus is on public toilets. The issue is relevant and it is based on the fact that cities traditionally have provided more toilets adapted to men (such as urinals), and existing toilets rarely being designed and equipped to fit the needs of women, girls and parents of young children. The purpose of this project is to improve the availability, design and experience of public restrooms. How can one, using design, improve the public space to feel more safe and accessible for men and women on equal terms.

With this article we contribute to debates on urban land governance and sustainable urban development in Africa by providing an empirical analysis of forced displacement and resettlement associated with infrastructure development in Beira city, Mozambique. In recent years Beira has become the recipient of numerous investment flows targeting the built environment by a range of international investors. By analyzing the micropolitical engagements associated with three different infrastructure projects, based on extensive qualitative interviews, observations, and document analysis, we demonstrate how each intervention has been associated with highly informal and divergent processes of forced displacement and resettlement. We argue that these land related impacts have been annexed from debates on sustainable infrastructure development, and that they exhibit some fundamental differences from established resettlement research. We conclude by arguing that forced displacement and resettlement should be understood as a deliberate and systematic feature of urban infrastructure development, through which new social-spatial arrangements are created. This ultimately points to the emergence of a novel mode of fragmented urbanism within the context of urban development in Africa which poses new challenges to urban sustainability.

Attempts for implementing sustainable urbanization have been reported and documented around the world. These efforts have led to a vast number of exemplary sustainable urbanization practices, classified as best practices. Best practices contain valuable information in the form of experiences, and learning from them represents an opportunity to replicate successful practices in other cities. This study collected and analyzed 185 best practices in sustainable urbanization from around the world. The main areas of action, the key methods adopted and the outcomes achieved by these practices were identified. Key elements in successful sustainable urbanization strategies were found by conducting a series of association analyses between the areas of action, methods and outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of community participation, capacity building, education, partnerships and job creation in achieving urban sustainability., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., OLD Housing Quality and Process Innovation

Objetivos: La sostenibilidad aplicada al planeamiento y desarrollo de las ciudades es un asunto fundamental en la gestión y la práctica del urbanismo desde el mundo académico y profesional. Aunque su importancia por separado es reconocida, actualmente es necesaria una discusión integrada de planeamiento, desarrollo urbano y sostenibilidad. Con ello se pretende aclarar sus significados y explorar tanto sus espacios de compatibilidad como sus límites, lo que aumenta el conocimiento en este campo. Metodología: A través de la búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía específica, se realiza un estudio crítico de casos recientes en los que estos términos interactúan entre sí, centrándose en la diversidad de sus enfoques y materiales. La complejidad en alcanzar un planeamiento y desarrollo urbano sostenibles es enfatizada y discutida. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran un creciente interés en la temática de estudio. Las ciudades pueden ser uno de los ámbitos más propicios para la solución al problema ecológico mediante un planeamiento: estratégico, multiescalar, innovador, visionario, educativo, derivado de procesos de participación, evaluado por indicadores y consensuado por sus diversos actores multinivel. Originalidad: Con objeto de clarificar estos mecanismos también se proporcionan recomendaciones sobre investigaciones futuras., Objectius: La sostenibilitat aplicada al planejament i desenvolupament de les ciutats és un assumpte fonamental en la gestió i la pràctica de l'urbanisme des del món acadèmic i professional. Encara que la seva importància per separat és reconeguda, actualment és necessària una discussió integrada de planejament, desenvolupament urbà i sostenibilitat. Amb això es pretén aclarir els seus significats i explorar tant els seus espais de compatibilitat com els seus límits, el que augmenta el coneixement en aquest camp. Metodologia: A través de la recerca sistemàtica de bibliografia específica, es realitza un estudi crític de casos recents en què aquests termes interactuen entre si, centrant-se en la diversitat dels seus enfocaments i materials. La complexitat en arribar a un planejament i desenvolupament urbà sostenibles és emfatitzada i discutida. Conclusions: Els resultats mostren un creixent interès en la temàtica d'estudi. Les ciutats poden ser un dels àmbits més propicis per a la solució al problema ecològic mitjançant un planejament: estratègic, multiescalar, innovador, visionari, educatiu, derivat de processos de participació, avaluat per indicadors i consensuat pels seus diversos actors multinivell. Originalitat: Amb la finalitat d'aclarir aquests mecanismes també es proporcionen recomanacions sobre investigacions futures., Objectives: The application of sustainability on cities planning and development is a key issue in the management and urban practice of urbanism by both academic and professional world. Although its importance is recognized separately, nowadays an integrated discussion on planning, urban development and sustainability is required. The aim is to clarify their meanings and explore both their compatibility spaces and limits, which increases knowledge in this field. Methodology: Through a systematic search of specific literature, a critical study of recent cases is made in which these terms interact with each other, focusing on the diversity of both their approaches and materials. The complexity of achieving sustainable urban planning and development is emphasized and discussed. Results: The results demonstrate an increasing interest on this field of study. Cities can be one of the most propitious fields for the solution of ecological problem by means of a strategic, multiscale, innovative, visionary and educational planning, derived from participatory processes, assessed by indicators and agreed by its various multilevel stakeholders. Originality: In order to clarify these mechanisms suggestions for future research are also provided., Peer Reviewed

Attempts for implementing sustainable urbanization have been reported and documented around the world. These efforts have led to a vast number of exemplary sustainable urbanization practices, classified as best practices. Best practices contain valuable information in the form of experiences, and learning from them represents an opportunity to replicate successful practices in other cities. This study collected and analyzed 185 best practices in sustainable urbanization from around the world. The main areas of action, the key methods adopted and the outcomes achieved by these practices were identified. Key elements in successful sustainable urbanization strategies were found by conducting a series of association analyses between the areas of action, methods and outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of community participation, capacity building, education, partnerships and job creation in achieving urban sustainability., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., OLD Housing Quality and Process Innovation

Land allocation for urban growth is central to sustainable development strategy because urban growth can impact space available for food production, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Urbanization is a growing stressor due the 2.5 billion additional people projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Potential climate change impacts to natural systems increase the need for sustainable urbanization, which should integrate land use needs for urban growth with climate adaptation objectives such as maintaining biodiversity, food production and ecosystem services. Here we compare climate-neutral and climate-adaptive urbanization scenarios to see which produces the most sustainable urbanization, defined as being the most effective at meeting development, conservation, and two climate adaptation objectives. We modeled five urban growth scenarios portraying an increase of 25.8 million people by 2050 for California, USA comprising three climate-neutral scenarios: business-as-usual, compact-new-growth and infill (redevelopment); and two climate-adaptive scenarios: preservation of agricultural climate refugia or future plant dispersal corridors. Infill was the least impacting for the multiple objectives tested; preserving 46–57% more land for other uses. Each climate-adaptive scenario reduced land consumption for its respective target, but increased impacts to the opposite climate-adaptive scenario target. Infill has the potential to contribute towards sustainable urbanization, particularly if combined with other climate adaptation targets.

China faces a number of impressive challenges in dealing with climate change: rising energy use, growing emission levels of greenhouse gases, dangerous levels of air pollution over cities and low resilience against flood and drought. Sustainable urbanization has been adopted as a keyword in handling these challenges. The Chinese central government has undertaken a variety of measures, including the launch of large Sino-European programs to learn from 'developed nations'. In the wake of these partnerships, a great variety of cross-national and cross-city agreements were signed. Sino-European cooperation does not often run as smoothly as initially hoped because of diverging interests, cultural misunderstandings and practical limitations. In the background, a mismatch in normative conceptions Chinese and European participants have of 'good governance' plays a role. In this contribution, insights taken from Montesquieu's 'The Spirit of Laws' regarding checks and balances and trias politica (updated to 'sextas politica' for the 21st century) are used to comprehend how the exertion of power is distributed and expected to be distributed differently in Chinese than in European administrative traditions. The article will end with conclusions on how European misconceptions of Chinese governance complicate Sino-European collaboration in sustainable urbanization policies.

China faces a number of impressive challenges in dealing with climate change: rising energy use, growing emission levels of greenhouse gases, dangerous levels of air pollution over cities and low resilience against flood and drought. Sustainable urbanization has been adopted as a keyword in handling these challenges. The Chinese central government has undertaken a variety of measures, including the launch of large Sino-European programs to learn from ‘developed nations’. In the wake of these partnerships, a great variety of cross-national and cross-city agreements were signed. Sino-European cooperation does not often run as smoothly as initially hoped because of diverging interests, cultural misunderstandings and practical limitations. In the background, a mismatch in normative conceptions Chinese and European participants have of ‘good governance’ plays a role. In this contribution, insights taken from Montesquieu’s ‘The Spirit of Laws’ regarding checks and balances and trias politica (updated to ‘sextas politica’ for the 21st century) are used to comprehend how the exertion of power is distributed and expected to be distributed differently in Chinese than in European administrative traditions. The article will end with conclusions on how European misconceptions of Chinese governance complicate Sino-European collaboration in sustainable urbanization policies., Organisation and Governance

Land allocation for urban growth is central to sustainable development strategy because urban growth can impact space available for food production, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Urbanization is a growing stressor due the 2.5 billion additional people projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Potential climate change impacts to natural systems increase the need for sustainable urbanization, which should integrate land use needs for urban growth with climate adaptation objectives such as maintaining biodiversity, food production and ecosystem services. Here we compare climate-neutral and climate-adaptive urbanization scenarios to see which produces the most sustainable urbanization, defined as being the most effective at meeting development, conservation, and two climate adaptation objectives. We modeled five urban growth scenarios portraying an increase of 25.8 million people by 2050 for California, USA comprising three climate-neutral scenarios: business-as-usual, compact-new-growth and infill (redevelopment); and two climate-adaptive scenarios: preservation of agricultural climate refugia or future plant dispersal corridors. Infill was the least impacting for the multiple objectives tested; preserving 46–57% more land for other uses. Each climate-adaptive scenario reduced land consumption for its respective target, but increased impacts to the opposite climate-adaptive scenario target. Infill has the potential to contribute towards sustainable urbanization, particularly if combined with other climate adaptation targets.

China faces a number of impressive challenges in dealing with climate change: rising energy use, growing emission levels of greenhouse gases, dangerous levels of air pollution over cities and low resilience against flood and drought. Sustainable urbanization has been adopted as a keyword in handling these challenges. The Chinese central government has undertaken a variety of measures, including the launch of large Sino-European programs to learn from ‘developed nations’. In the wake of these partnerships, a great variety of cross-national and cross-city agreements were signed. Sino-European cooperation does not often run as smoothly as initially hoped because of diverging interests, cultural misunderstandings and practical limitations. In the background, a mismatch in normative conceptions Chinese and European participants have of ‘good governance’ plays a role. In this contribution, insights taken from Montesquieu’s ‘The Spirit of Laws’ regarding checks and balances and trias politica (updated to ‘sextas politica’ for the 21st century) are used to comprehend how the exertion of power is distributed and expected to be distributed differently in Chinese than in European administrative traditions. The article will end with conclusions on how European misconceptions of Chinese governance complicate Sino-European collaboration in sustainable urbanization policies., Organisation & Governance

Urbanization is causing impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services globally, due to disturbance, fragmentation and loss of habitats as the proportion of urban settlement increases. Actions for enhancement of biodiversity in urban spaces become important to achieve a sustainable urbanization. Wihlborgs Fastigheter AB, a housing company in the Öresund Region, has installed eleven nest boxes for birds, two insect hotels at Ideon Science Park, a business park in Lund. The aim of this study is to examine (i) if the nest boxes and insect hotels are inhabited, (ii) the availability of suitable vegetation for birds and pollinating insects and (iii) actions for enhancement of biodiversity of birds and pollinating insects in the park. The activity in the nest boxes and one insect hotel was surveyed and an inventory of bird species and individuals was performed. Vegetation structure (the vertical vegetation layers) and flowering plants were inventoried in 14 sub-areas (inner courts and green spaces). This study shows that none of the nest boxes were occupied, but six bird species and 31 individuals were observed in the area. There were two insects in the hotel and seven insects flying around the hotel already two days after the placement. The inventory of the sub-areas showed that there was a certain structural complexity (variety of the layers), but the proportion of open spaces was dominant and most of the trees were classified as small; with an estimated diameter below 30 centimeters. Most of the observed species flower in May (21) and 57 percent of the observed species were native. Based on the results from the field inventories, this study suggests to (1) increase the structural vegetation complexity by planting more trees and shrubs (2) optimize the nectar and pollen resources by extending the flowering season (3) decrease the intensity of the garden management., Hur kan biologisk mångfald gynnas i en företagspark? Hur ska både människor och natur få plats i en alltmer urbaniserad värld? Kunskapen om hur biologisk mångfald påverkas av byggnadsprojekt behöver öka, samtidigt som stadens gröna områden behöver stödjas och utvecklas för att gynna fler arter. I mitt examensarbete har jag undersökt förutsättningarna för fåglar och pollinerande insekter i företagsparken Ideon och baserat på resultaten tagit fram åtgärder och strategier för att öka den biologisk mångfalden. Urbanisering har en negativ effekt på den biologiska mångfalden då många arters habitat (livsmiljöer) förminskas eller förstörs när mark bebyggs, vilket i sin tur hotar livsviktiga ekosystemtjänster. Därför är det viktigt att arbeta aktivt för värnande om våra urbana ekosystem när städer planeras och utvecklas. För att dra sitt strå till stacken för främjande av biologisk mångfald har fastighetsbolaget Wihlborgs satt upp fågelholkar och ”insektshotell” (boplats för t.ex. vilda bin, skalbaggar och nyckelpigor) i Ideon Science park i Lund. Jag har undersökt (1) om dessa var bebodda, (2) hur omgivande förutsättningar (vertikal vegetationsstruktur och blommande växter) ser ut och (3) tagit fram åtgärder och strategier för att förbättra livsmiljön för fåglar och insekter. Jag valde att fokusera på vegetationen då det är en särskilt betydelsefull faktor för habitatkvalitet, men också ett relativt enkelt medel att använda för att skapa trivsamma livsmiljöer för fåglar och insekter. Vegetationsstrukturen varierade mellan de 14 inventerade områdena (innergårdar och mindre grönytor), men andelen öppen yta (hårdgjord yta och fältskikt) var särskilt dominerande i nästan alla områden. Artbestämningen av blommande växter visade att blomningstiden var ojämn från vår till sensommar, med flest blommande arter i maj. Att pollinerande insekter har tillgång till pollen och nektar hela säsongen är viktigt för att de ska kunna skapa livskraftiga populationer. Ingen av fågelholkarna var

Between the years 2005 and 2015 cars and trucks have increased with 7, 7 percent inGothenburg. This will mean that in 2035 there will be 47 140 more vehicles. 70.000 of the550.000 people in Gothenburg is being exposed by a noise that is over the limit of 55 dBA. Vehicles incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons leads to a number of additional health problems. According to the Swedish transport department, closer to 3000 people dies prematurely in Sweden each year due to traffic air pollution.A measure to prevent and reduce the intense traffic involves emission requirements, congestion and traffic regulations. The city center of Gothenburg will on the first of October 2016 introduce a prohibition for heavy traffic around the area close to Domkyrkan between 11am - 05am a clock. The purpose of this study has been to investigate if a regulation of heavy traffic can be used as an instrument to contribute to a sustainable and environment adjusted city without affect the residents feeling of an attractive city center. On behalf of the municipal entity Traffic office Gothenburg City and the organization Innerstaden Göteborg a customer satisfaction index analysis (CSI) has been done. Performed in order to measure customer satisfaction before the regulation. The CSI model which is a result from this paper will be re-used after the regulation in order to identify the effects of the traffic regulation. CSI is a statistical method built upon indicators (questions) and latent variables (quality factors) related to a set of indicators. CSI is measured by the respondents answering questions through a 1-10 point scale where 1 is the lowest rating and 10 is the highest ratings. There are three standard questions which average rating creates the CSI value: How satisfied are you with the overall environment as it is today? How well meets the environment your expectations? How well relate this specific area with an ideal inner city environment?

Between the years 2005 and 2015 cars and trucks have increased with 7, 7 percent inGothenburg. This will mean that in 2035 there will be 47 140 more vehicles. 70.000 of the550.000 people in Gothenburg is being exposed by a noise that is over the limit of 55 dBA. Vehicles incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons leads to a number of additional health problems. According to the Swedish transport department, closer to 3000 people dies prematurely in Sweden each year due to traffic air pollution.A measure to prevent and reduce the intense traffic involves emission requirements, congestion and traffic regulations. The city center of Gothenburg will on the first of October 2016 introduce a prohibition for heavy traffic around the area close to Domkyrkan between 11am - 05am a clock. The purpose of this study has been to investigate if a regulation of heavy traffic can be used as an instrument to contribute to a sustainable and environment adjusted city without affect the residents feeling of an attractive city center. On behalf of the municipal entity Traffic office Gothenburg City and the organization Innerstaden Göteborg a customer satisfaction index analysis (CSI) has been done. Performed in order to measure customer satisfaction before the regulation. The CSI model which is a result from this paper will be re-used after the regulation in order to identify the effects of the traffic regulation. CSI is a statistical method built upon indicators (questions) and latent variables (quality factors) related to a set of indicators. CSI is measured by the respondents answering questions through a 1-10 point scale where 1 is the lowest rating and 10 is the highest ratings. There are three standard questions which average rating creates the CSI value: How satisfied are you with the overall environment as it is today? How well meets the environment your expectations? How well relate this specific area with an ideal inner city environment?

Although urbanization can promote social and economic development, it can also cause various problems. As the key decision makers of urbanization, local governments should be able to evaluate urbanization performance, summarize experiences, and find problems caused by urbanization. This paper introduces a hybrid Entropy–McKinsey Matrix method for evaluating sustainable urbanization. The McKinsey Matrix is commonly referred to as the GE Matrix. The values of a development index (DI) and coordination index (CI) are calculated by employing the Entropy method and are used as a basis for constructing a GE Matrix. The matrix can assist in assessing sustainable urbanization performance by locating the urbanization state point. A case study of the city of Jinan in China demonstrates the process of using the evaluation method. The case study reveals that the method is an effective tool in helping policy makers understand the performance of urban sustainability and therefore formulate suitable strategies for guiding urbanization toward better sustainability.

Ústředním tématem práce je interpretace pocitů týkajících se problematiky mizejících krajinných hodnot na úkor neřízeného extenzivního rozvoje příměstských oblastí. Jedná se o subjektivní myšlenkový produkt několikaleté zkušenosti v rámci architektonické praxe, zahrnující mimo jiné i vlastní účast na obdobné invazivní výstavbě. Tato empirie vyústila v nepřetržité kladení si otázek dotýkajících se etického jednání a zodpovědnosti. Klíčovými pojmy jsou suburbanizace, sídelní kaše, development, satelitní město, periferie, transformace aury místa v „neauru”. Nedílnou součást práce reprezentují úvahy o obecné pozici objektu v rámci hierarchie (sub)urbánního prostoru. Objektem zde nejsou myšleny pouze pozitivní příklady mající podobu estetických, orientačních nebo vegetačních prvků. V centru zájmu je i jeho odvrácená forma — odpad, utilitární technické a funkční prvky nebo třeba zdánlivě nekonečná kolonizace veřejného prostranství osobními automobily. Kolonizace naší mysli. Všechny prostorotvorné objekty jsou zároveň i psychotvorné. Jejich mentální dopad může působit blahodárně, může vzbuzovat afekt nebo pohnutí. Co ale když objekty ve veřejném prostoru zcela chybí? Urbánní objekt nemá daleko k pozici artefaktu, rekvizity každodenního života, která člověku nepatří fyzicky, ale duševně., The main topic of the work is the interpretation of feelings related to the issue of disappearing landscape values at the expense of uncontrolled extensive development of suburban areas. It is a subjective thought product of several years of experience in architectural practice, including, among other things, one's own participation in a similar invasive construction. This empiricism has resulted in the constant questioning of ethical conduct and responsibility. The key terms are suburbanization, urban sprawl, development, satellite town, outskirts, transformation of the aura of a place in „non-aura“. An integral part of the work is represented by considerations about the general position of the object within the hierarchy of (sub)urban space. The object does not mean only positive examples in the form of aesthetic, orientation or vegetation elements. The focus is also on its averted form — waste, utilitarian technical and functional elements or, for example, the seemingly endless colonization of public space by cars. Colonization of our minds. All spatial objects are also psychotropic. Their mental impact can be beneficial, arousing affect or emotion. But what if the objects in the public space are completely missing? The urban object is not far from the position of an artifact, a prop of everyday life, which does not belong to a person physically, but mentally.

Ústředním tématem práce je interpretace pocitů týkajících se problematiky mizejících krajinných hodnot na úkor neřízeného extenzivního rozvoje příměstských oblastí. Jedná se o subjektivní myšlenkový produkt několikaleté zkušenosti v rámci architektonické praxe, zahrnující mimo jiné i vlastní účast na obdobné invazivní výstavbě. Tato empirie vyústila v nepřetržité kladení si otázek dotýkajících se etického jednání a zodpovědnosti. Klíčovými pojmy jsou suburbanizace, sídelní kaše, development, satelitní město, periferie, transformace aury místa v „neauru”. Nedílnou součást práce reprezentují úvahy o obecné pozici objektu v rámci hierarchie (sub)urbánního prostoru. Objektem zde nejsou myšleny pouze pozitivní příklady mající podobu estetických, orientačních nebo vegetačních prvků. V centru zájmu je i jeho odvrácená forma — odpad, utilitární technické a funkční prvky nebo třeba zdánlivě nekonečná kolonizace veřejného prostranství osobními automobily. Kolonizace naší mysli. Všechny prostorotvorné objekty jsou zároveň i psychotvorné. Jejich mentální dopad může působit blahodárně, může vzbuzovat afekt nebo pohnutí. Co ale když objekty ve veřejném prostoru zcela chybí? Urbánní objekt nemá daleko k pozici artefaktu, rekvizity každodenního života, která člověku nepatří fyzicky, ale duševně., The main topic of the work is the interpretation of feelings related to the issue of disappearing landscape values at the expense of uncontrolled extensive development of suburban areas. It is a subjective thought product of several years of experience in architectural practice, including, among other things, one's own participation in a similar invasive construction. This empiricism has resulted in the constant questioning of ethical conduct and responsibility. The key terms are suburbanization, urban sprawl, development, satellite town, outskirts, transformation of the aura of a place in „non-aura“. An integral part of the work is represented by considerations about the general position of the object within the hierarchy of (sub)urban space. The object does not mean only positive examples in the form of aesthetic, orientation or vegetation elements. The focus is also on its averted form — waste, utilitarian technical and functional elements or, for example, the seemingly endless colonization of public space by cars. Colonization of our minds. All spatial objects are also psychotropic. Their mental impact can be beneficial, arousing affect or emotion. But what if the objects in the public space are completely missing? The urban object is not far from the position of an artifact, a prop of everyday life, which does not belong to a person physically, but mentally.

Ústředním tématem práce je interpretace pocitů týkajících se problematiky mizejících krajinných hodnot na úkor neřízeného extenzivního rozvoje příměstských oblastí. Jedná se o subjektivní myšlenkový produkt několikaleté zkušenosti v rámci architektonické praxe, zahrnující mimo jiné i vlastní účast na obdobné invazivní výstavbě. Tato empirie vyústila v nepřetržité kladení si otázek dotýkajících se etického jednání a zodpovědnosti. Klíčovými pojmy jsou suburbanizace, sídelní kaše, development, satelitní město, periferie, transformace aury místa v „neauru”. Nedílnou součást práce reprezentují úvahy o obecné pozici objektu v rámci hierarchie (sub)urbánního prostoru. Objektem zde nejsou myšleny pouze pozitivní příklady mající podobu estetických, orientačních nebo vegetačních prvků. V centru zájmu je i jeho odvrácená forma — odpad, utilitární technické a funkční prvky nebo třeba zdánlivě nekonečná kolonizace veřejného prostranství osobními automobily. Kolonizace naší mysli. Všechny prostorotvorné objekty jsou zároveň i psychotvorné. Jejich mentální dopad může působit blahodárně, může vzbuzovat afekt nebo pohnutí. Co ale když objekty ve veřejném prostoru zcela chybí? Urbánní objekt nemá daleko k pozici artefaktu, rekvizity každodenního života, která člověku nepatří fyzicky, ale duševně., The main topic of the work is the interpretation of feelings related to the issue of disappearing landscape values at the expense of uncontrolled extensive development of suburban areas. It is a subjective thought product of several years of experience in architectural practice, including, among other things, one's own participation in a similar invasive construction. This empiricism has resulted in the constant questioning of ethical conduct and responsibility. The key terms are suburbanization, urban sprawl, development, satellite town, outskirts, transformation of the aura of a place in „non-aura“. An integral part of the work is represented by considerations about the general position of the object within the hierarchy of (sub)urban space. The object does not mean only positive examples in the form of aesthetic, orientation or vegetation elements. The focus is also on its averted form — waste, utilitarian technical and functional elements or, for example, the seemingly endless colonization of public space by cars. Colonization of our minds. All spatial objects are also psychotropic. Their mental impact can be beneficial, arousing affect or emotion. But what if the objects in the public space are completely missing? The urban object is not far from the position of an artifact, a prop of everyday life, which does not belong to a person physically, but mentally.

Ústředním tématem práce je interpretace pocitů týkajících se problematiky mizejících krajinných hodnot na úkor neřízeného extenzivního rozvoje příměstských oblastí. Jedná se o subjektivní myšlenkový produkt několikaleté zkušenosti v rámci architektonické praxe, zahrnující mimo jiné i vlastní účast na obdobné invazivní výstavbě. Tato empirie vyústila v nepřetržité kladení si otázek dotýkajících se etického jednání a zodpovědnosti. Klíčovými pojmy jsou suburbanizace, sídelní kaše, development, satelitní město, periferie, transformace aury místa v „neauru”. Nedílnou součást práce reprezentují úvahy o obecné pozici objektu v rámci hierarchie (sub)urbánního prostoru. Objektem zde nejsou myšleny pouze pozitivní příklady mající podobu estetických, orientačních nebo vegetačních prvků. V centru zájmu je i jeho odvrácená forma — odpad, utilitární technické a funkční prvky nebo třeba zdánlivě nekonečná kolonizace veřejného prostranství osobními automobily. Kolonizace naší mysli. Všechny prostorotvorné objekty jsou zároveň i psychotvorné. Jejich mentální dopad může působit blahodárně, může vzbuzovat afekt nebo pohnutí. Co ale když objekty ve veřejném prostoru zcela chybí? Urbánní objekt nemá daleko k pozici artefaktu, rekvizity každodenního života, která člověku nepatří fyzicky, ale duševně., The main topic of the work is the interpretation of feelings related to the issue of disappearing landscape values at the expense of uncontrolled extensive development of suburban areas. It is a subjective thought product of several years of experience in architectural practice, including, among other things, one's own participation in a similar invasive construction. This empiricism has resulted in the constant questioning of ethical conduct and responsibility. The key terms are suburbanization, urban sprawl, development, satellite town, outskirts, transformation of the aura of a place in „non-aura“. An integral part of the work is represented by considerations about the general position of the object within the hierarchy of (sub)urban space. The object does not mean only positive examples in the form of aesthetic, orientation or vegetation elements. The focus is also on its averted form — waste, utilitarian technical and functional elements or, for example, the seemingly endless colonization of public space by cars. Colonization of our minds. All spatial objects are also psychotropic. Their mental impact can be beneficial, arousing affect or emotion. But what if the objects in the public space are completely missing? The urban object is not far from the position of an artifact, a prop of everyday life, which does not belong to a person physically, but mentally.