Search

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy counseling program in enhancing the psychological resilience of basic education teachers in the Dhofar Region, south of the Sultanate of Oman. The experimental study sample consisted of (60) male teachers in cycle two of basic education in Dhofar Governorate with low psychological resilience scores. This sample was randomly divided into two equivalence groups: one experimental group and the other control group. Each group consisted of (30) male teachers. The counseling program was applied for the male teachers in the experimental group rather than the control group to develop psychological resilience with them. The researchers have used the psychological resilience scale (prepared by the researchers) and a counseling program based on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (prepared by the researchers). The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group in the post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both the pre-test and post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the post-test. This revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing the level of psychological resilience among male teachers as the scores of teachers rose significantly on the pre-test. In addition, the study has also concluded with finding non-statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both pre-test and follow-up tests on the psychological resilience scale. The results emphasise continuing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy's effectiveness in increasing psychological resilience among male teachers. In the light of

A Small enterprise is a business having few or less than forty employees where the medium sized one is that containing about two hundred fifty workers or employees (Anhadwita, 2014). There are several small medium enterprises in Oman. Financial technology is defined as the use of technological based instruments in finance related services (Ammal, 2022). The financial technology means the service offering so that the improvement can be made in the business processes such as the delivery of the services to the consumers (Ammal, 2022). It will help in the in underling of the offering and then by creating newer market proportion opportunities and services for the new consumers. The research deals with the analysis on the financial technology instruments used by these small medium enterprises place on the individuals as well as the economy and the surrounding factors. The framework will follow the research variables which will provide for the research objectives and the research questions. The data will be accumulated using secondary methods of data collection. The problem statement deals use of financial technology in the small mediums enterprises in Oman. The sample selected for the research will be a non-probability based one where the data collected from 175 respondents will be analyzed using the quantitative method for data representation and analysis. The sample will be the small business owners of Oman or the little entrepreneur and employees consisting of both male and females.

A Small enterprise is a business having few or less than forty employees where the medium sized one is that containing about two hundred fifty workers or employees (Anhadwita, 2014). There are several small medium enterprises in Oman. Financial technology is defined as the use of technological based instruments in finance related services (Ammal, 2022). The financial technology means the service offering so that the improvement can be made in the business processes such as the delivery of the services to the consumers (Ammal, 2022). It will help in the in underling of the offering and then by creating newer market proportion opportunities and services for the new consumers. The research deals with the analysis on the financial technology instruments used by these small medium enterprises place on the individuals as well as the economy and the surrounding factors. The framework will follow the research variables which will provide for the research objectives and the research questions. The data will be accumulated using secondary methods of data collection. The problem statement deals use of financial technology in the small mediums enterprises in Oman. The sample selected for the research will be a non-probability based one where the data collected from 175 respondents will be analyzed using the quantitative method for data representation and analysis. The sample will be the small business owners of Oman or the little entrepreneur and employees consisting of both male and females.

The oil and gas industry is the leading economic contributor in the Sultanate of Oman. It is considered a critical sector that drives the country’s attention to create a comprehensive, reliable, and sustainable performance to create a long-term impact economically. Due to the complexity of the competitive environment in the oil and gas, companies have highlighted the considerable number of risks facing their activities. The environment, health, and well-being of the workforce of oil companies are the most valuable asset that drives the organization productivity in general. The traditional approach of managing risk is not accurate enough to handle the present situation. Better strategies such as enterprise risk management are correctly adjusted to the new modern complex environments. Moreover, integrating step by step ERM approach will enable continual improvement throughout organizations in decision making. Therefore, this study aims to glance at the hazardous operational risks that face the downstream sector in oil and gas companies in Oman, to develop an enterprise risk management framework which will create a shared understanding of the critical risks involved in the industry among all parties, as well as how they can be managed, and mitigated efficiently, effectively, and imperatively productive. The following study will be using both primary and secondary data in the analysis. A questionnaire is designed for the primary method and distributed to 37 workers and management team in Oman’s petroleum refineries. The study identified the critical operational hazardous risks that effect the long-term processing of crude oil in Oman’s petroleum refineries which include, pressure hazard with 33.33 percent and 50 percent assigned as extreme and high risk respectively. Followed by chemical hazard with 27.78 percent and 61.11 percent assigned as extreme and high risk respectively.

The oil and gas industry is the leading economic contributor in the Sultanate of Oman. It is considered a critical sector that drives the country’s attention to create a comprehensive, reliable, and sustainable performance to create a long-term impact economically. Due to the complexity of the competitive environment in the oil and gas, companies have highlighted the considerable number of risks facing their activities. The environment, health, and well-being of the workforce of oil companies are the most valuable asset that drives the organization productivity in general. The traditional approach of managing risk is not accurate enough to handle the present situation. Better strategies such as enterprise risk management are correctly adjusted to the new modern complex environments. Moreover, integrating step by step ERM approach will enable continual improvement throughout organizations in decision making. Therefore, this study aims to glance at the hazardous operational risks that face the downstream sector in oil and gas companies in Oman, to develop an enterprise risk management framework which will create a shared understanding of the critical risks involved in the industry among all parties, as well as how they can be managed, and mitigated efficiently, effectively, and imperatively productive. The following study will be using both primary and secondary data in the analysis. A questionnaire is designed for the primary method and distributed to 37 workers and management team in Oman’s petroleum refineries. The study identified the critical operational hazardous risks that effect the long-term processing of crude oil in Oman’s petroleum refineries which include, pressure hazard with 33.33 percent and 50 percent assigned as extreme and high risk respectively. Followed by chemical hazard with 27.78 percent and 61.11 percent assigned as extreme and high risk respectively.

The NeoArabia project tries to understand how environmental, social, economic and technological factors work in concert to influence settlement and abandonment along a latitudinal transect of 1200 km from UAE to southern Oman. This region was affected by wide north–south variations in the Indo‐Arabian monsoon, marine upwelling activity and eustatic variations in the Mid‐Holocene. On the local settlement scale, this transect is based on fine stratigraphic excavations and permits the reconstruction of the site formation processes and site catchment analysis. A large number of studies have been conducted on the Ruways‐1 site, focusing on a deep stratified sequence corresponding to three millennia of occupation. These studies include on‐site climate‐environmental signal analysis, local palaeogeography and environmental reconstruction, reservoir effect studies, typo‐technological studies, palaeoeconomic strategies, anthropological studies, sclerochronological studies and, finally, site formation processes, the understanding of which makes it possible to explain the potential and limits of the archaeological excavation. The first results confirm the richness of these archaeological archives for documenting the socio‐environmental dynamics, but also the richness of its complex sedimentary structure and the importance of conducting fine and multidisciplinary excavations to answer questions about the rhythms and functions of occupations and the causalities of socio‐environmental changes.

Research has shown that students’ engagement in extracurricular activities have a wide range of influences on their overall development, particularly on the development of their leadership skills and competencies; other studies present contrary views. This research investigates the relation between students’ involvement in extracurricular activities at college and their leadership development. It also examines this relationship in terms of possible differences between male and female college students. The underpinning theories for the study are the student involvement theory (Astin, 1984), the Input-Environment-Outcome’s model (Astin,1993) and the Kouzes & Posner’s model of leadership. The study adapted a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was collected by using the Extracurricular Involvement Inventory (EII) and the Leadership Practices Inventory (SLPI): the EII was developed by Winston & Massaro (1987) based on Astin’s theory of student involvement, to measure the quality and the quantity of the students’ involvement in extracurricular activities. The SLPI was developed by Kouzes & Posner (1988, 2013), to measure students’ leadership development. The qualitative data was also generated from students’ interviews. The study Data was collected from (213) college students. ( 52.5%) of them were male students and (47.5%) were female students from four universities in the Sultanate of Oman. The Findings of the study showed a significant positive relation between students’ involvement in extracurricular activities at college level and their leadership development. Further analysis of the data revealed that students who held leadership roles in extracurricular activities were more likely to develop their leadership practices. However, the results of the study did not show any significant differences between male and female students with regards to the involvement in extracurricular activities at college and to their l

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine green logistics activities using a three-axis approach (financial-economic, social and environmental activities) and how these activities affect the sustainable monetary expansion indicators for the Sultanate of Oman. Design/methodology/approach: This study begins by defining elements of green logistics and how this concept has evolved in recent years. This concept is analyzed after surveying previous studies on green logistics. The independent variables of green logistics are threefold: financialeconomic, social and environmental, and are applied to clarify the impact on monetary expansion indicators (broad, narrow and reserve money), which are important indications for determining the economic condition of a country. This study used data published in the annual statistical report by the Central Bank of Oman as representative of the economic condition of the Sultanate of Oman during the period 2008 to 2015. Findings: Two variables within the environmental activities were found to be statistically significant at 1% and 5%: government support to the electricity sector (GSE) and subsidy on soft loans to the private housing sector (SSLPH). Only one variable (transport and communication (TC)) within the financial-economic activities was statistically significant at 1% and 5%, but all variables (community, social and personal (CSP) relations; cultural and religious affairs (CRA); and social security and welfare (SSW)) within the social activities were statistically significant at 1%, 5% and 10%. Finally, a multiple regression test was also performed on all the variables within the green logistics activities and all the monetary expansion indicators, and they were found to be statistically significant at 1% and 5%. The study recommends that attention should be given to financial-economic activities as a quantitative standard that contributes to developing green logistics. This would entail a diagnosis of the priorities and, Peer Reviewed

The Oman Accreditation Council (OAC), which is called later the Oman Academic Accreditation Authority (OAAA), designed a higher education institution (HEI) Quality Assurance (QA) framework for Omani public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), starting with a quality audit process in 2008. The Colleges of Applied Sciences (CASs), as a public HEI, are required to ensure the quality of all services and activities to meet particular national standards (specified in the framework) in order to gain a HEI and programme certificate. In line with a quality audit scope, the quality of the fields of PD and related teaching quality should be ensured and enhanced by the promotion and contribution of the former field to the maintenance and improvement of the latter one. The chief purpose of this study was to identify the uptake and implications of the growing requirement to improve teaching quality and the PD of academics at the CASs in the Sultanate of Oman especially in the context of the application of the QA framework. The study focused on examining the academics’ participation in professional development programmes (PDPs) and current perceptions of PD with respect to the improvement of teaching quality improvement at these colleges. The current study also dealt with a reorganization and prioritization of academics’ PD needs, barriers to effective PD, and factors to enhance PD of academics regarding teaching quality improvement in the colleges. Based on the purpose and research objectives, the current study adopted both positivist (quantitative) and interpretive (qualitative) research paradigms. Because the study perused quantitative and qualitative data regarding certain variables, it chose a mixed-research design. The researcher designed survey questionnaire to collect quantitative data and a semi-structured interview and a focus group discussion to probe and interpret quantitative findings. After fulfillment of the validity and reliability measurements, a self

The Oman Accreditation Council (OAC), which is called later the Oman Academic Accreditation Authority (OAAA), designed a higher education institution (HEI) Quality Assurance (QA) framework for Omani public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), starting with a quality audit process in 2008. The Colleges of Applied Sciences (CASs), as a public HEI, are required to ensure the quality of all services and activities to meet particular national standards (specified in the framework) in order to gain a HEI and programme certificate. In line with a quality audit scope, the quality of the fields of PD and related teaching quality should be ensured and enhanced by the promotion and contribution of the former field to the maintenance and improvement of the latter one. The chief purpose of this study was to identify the uptake and implications of the growing requirement to improve teaching quality and the PD of academics at the CASs in the Sultanate of Oman especially in the context of the application of the QA framework. The study focused on examining the academics’ participation in professional development programmes (PDPs) and current perceptions of PD with respect to the improvement of teaching quality improvement at these colleges. The current study also dealt with a reorganization and prioritization of academics’ PD needs, barriers to effective PD, and factors to enhance PD of academics regarding teaching quality improvement in the colleges. Based on the purpose and research objectives, the current study adopted both positivist (quantitative) and interpretive (qualitative) research paradigms. Because the study perused quantitative and qualitative data regarding certain variables, it chose a mixed-research design. The researcher designed survey questionnaire to collect quantitative data and a semi-structured interview and a focus group discussion to probe and interpret quantitative findings. After fulfillment of the validity and reliability measurements, a self

The groundwater is the most important source of water in the Sultanate of Oman. Accordingly, the Oman Government has paid great attention commensurate with the importance of water resource in terms of their sources, quality, and ways to rationalize consumption to remain under the term of sustainability and validity of present and future generations. This study was conducted in Al Buraymi at Mahdah State in Al-Zoroub area targete a groundwater quality for 20 wells in private farms. The water samples were taken from these wells and subjected to analysis for microbial and geochemical aspects. For this analysis, the assorted devices and instruments were implemented. Additionally, to focus on the possible sources of pollution and the range of competence for the human user or livestock and agriculture of this water, the international guideline measures were used for compression. Based on investigations from a group of chemical and biological analysis; it turns out that this water contained varying proportions of salts and dissolved minerals. These results also build on the proportions of dissolved salts which showed different types of water in these wells which are mostly fresh (magnesium bicarbonate) in ten wells, brackish (magnesium chloride) in six wells and saline (sodium chloride) in four wells. The dominant water type (magnesium bicarbonate) resulted from the fresh water in the upper aquifer, which recharged from northeastern catchment areas of Mahadah, Wadi Al Jizi, and Wadi Hamad. Moreover, it was found that the abundance of the major cation ions in groundwater is in the following order: Na+ > Mg2+> Ca2+> K+, where as the abundance of the major anion ions in groundwater is in the following order: Cl-> HCO3-> SO4-> NO3.- These distribution is ffected by salinization phenomena (ion exchange), mixing of saline water in the deep aquifer with fresh water and by anthropogenic sources. The building at the expense of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) found that 65% of the

Higher educationis one of the prioritized sectors in all developed countries around the world. The quality and achievement for Higher Education Institutions is one of the major concerns of Ministry of Higher Education and Oman’s 2020 vision to provide the best education to all citizensof the country. Academic staffs are considered to be one of the main contributors to achieve Oman’s 2020 vision and hence, this research focuses on identifying the factors that influences job satisfaction of academic staff in a public university in Oman. The research methods consist of a wide literature review to identify the most common factors towards academic staff job satisfaction followed by interview and a set of questionnaire surveys was carried out in a College of Science at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) as a study sample. Through correlation and regression analysis, the results and findings of this research show a positive correlation between remuneration and development, management support, factors related to students, colleagues, workload and status of the job as independent variables against the overall job satisfaction as a dependent variable. However, remuneration and development and factors related to students had a higher contribution towards academic staff overall job satisfaction. A major recommendation was that, revisiting the promotion policies, a fair distribution of workload and encouragement towards research productivity and expand on the relationship of top, mid management and Head of Departments (HOD’s) with academics staff specifically lecturers who are still new in their careers.

Higher educationis one of the prioritized sectors in all developed countries around the world. The quality and achievement for Higher Education Institutions is one of the major concerns of Ministry of Higher Education and Oman’s 2020 vision to provide the best education to all citizensof the country. Academic staffs are considered to be one of the main contributors to achieve Oman’s 2020 vision and hence, this research focuses on identifying the factors that influences job satisfaction of academic staff in a public university in Oman. The research methods consist of a wide literature review to identify the most common factors towards academic staff job satisfaction followed by interview and a set of questionnaire surveys was carried out in a College of Science at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) as a study sample. Through correlation and regression analysis, the results and findings of this research show a positive correlation between remuneration and development, management support, factors related to students, colleagues, workload and status of the job as independent variables against the overall job satisfaction as a dependent variable. However, remuneration and development and factors related to students had a higher contribution towards academic staff overall job satisfaction. A major recommendation was that, revisiting the promotion policies, a fair distribution of workload and encouragement towards research productivity and expand on the relationship of top, mid management and Head of Departments (HOD’s) with academics staff specifically lecturers who are still new in their careers.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Humanities, Arts, Education and Law, By virtue of its geographical location on the Arabian Peninsula, the Sultanate of Oman has lain at the intersection of networks of trade and exchange between Asia, eastern Africa and Europe since antiquity.This has given Oman a rich archeological and architectural heritage. However, what is less well appreciated beyond the Gulf Region is that the flows of people and ideas in which Oman has been engulfed for over two millennia have also produced an equally rich heritage of folksong and dance. This thesis is the first scholarly study of Omani vocal heritage. After tracing the origins and most significant aspects of the history of Omani singing and associated performative traditions, the thesis considers the part that this vocal heritage has played in Oman‘s emergence as an economically modern and politically stable nation. The foundations for Oman‘s robust economic development over the past five decades were created in the early 1970s by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said. It has been the goal of His Majesty to ensure that modernization and the adoption of western technologies and ideas occur without diminishing social cohesion or any loss of cultural identity. In this respect Oman stands out amongst emerging nations in that the preservation of cultural heritage has been recognized as a high priority. Indeed, since the mid-1990s Oman arguably has had the most well-developed policy framework and legislation for the preservation of cultural heritage preservation in the Arab world.

By virtue of its geographical location on the Arabian Peninsula, the Sultanate of Oman has lain at the intersection of networks of trade and exchange between Asia, eastern Africa and Europe since antiquity.This has given Oman a rich archeological and architectural heritage. However, what is less well appreciated beyond the Gulf Region is that the flows of people and ideas in which Oman has been engulfed for over two millennia have also produced an equally rich heritage of folksong and dance. This thesis is the first scholarly study of Omani vocal heritage. After tracing the origins and most significant aspects of the history of Omani singing and associated performative traditions, the thesis considers the part that this vocal heritage has played in Oman‘s emergence as an economically modern and politically stable nation. The foundations for Oman‘s robust economic development over the past five decades were created in the early 1970s by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said. It has been the goal of His Majesty to ensure that modernization and the adoption of western technologies and ideas occur without diminishing social cohesion or any loss of cultural identity. In this respect Oman stands out amongst emerging nations in that the preservation of cultural heritage has been recognized as a high priority. Indeed, since the mid-1990s Oman arguably has had the most well-developed policy framework and legislation for the preservation of cultural heritage preservation in the Arab world., Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Humanities, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

The main purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the Basic Education system in relation to students’ civic participation in the Sultanate of Oman. The research explores the role of formal curriculum, classroom climate, and co-curriculum activities in developing students’ civic participation. The study also examines students’ disposition towards civic participation and the influence of some demographic factors in the development of students’ civic participation. The data were collected from four schools implementing Basic Education system introduced in Oman in 1998. Using case study methodology, three instruments were used for data collection: semi-structured interviews with principals and teachers, focus groups with students and classroom observation in Grade 10 classes.The results suggest that the new formal curriculum aims and the suggested content creates further spaces in the Basic Education schools to support learners’ civic knowledge and commitment towards participation in public life. The findings also show that the investigated schools do experience some challenges in relation to successfully implementing the new formal curriculum. The findings related to classroom climate identify some positive practices that might develop civic participation in the students along the aspirations of the Basic Education policies. However, the data points out that various challenges remain before classes become more collaborative in their processes and more open to issues and concerns in the wider society. The findings also investigated a set of co-curricular activities as important spaces to develop participatory citizens. Nevertheless, the findings also show that various difficulties remain before the implemented co-curricular activities achieve their expectations as contributors to civic participation development. Finally, the findings show that students in general have a favourable disposition towards community participation. Female students were more knowledgeab

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Griffith Business School, Department of Management, Managerial Practices and styles in Developing Countries'– The Influence of Cultural values: A Case Study on the Sultanate of Oman' is a thesis that is built on three pieces of independent research, which employed four different questionnaires. Study One in which 511 Omanis participated focused on defining cultural values: determine, describe, and analyse. Employing Schwartz values theory (1992, 1994); the results indicated that Omanis were concerned about peace, freedom from war and conflict, social justice, caring for the weak, equality, honouring parents, self restraint, discipline, and resistance to temptation. Study Two: managerial practices and styles employed the Culpan and Kucukemiroglu's Scale (1993) and Khandwalla (1995b) to collect data from 287 managers. The results obtained show managers practiced supervisory style, decision making, communication pattern, control mechanism, interdepartmental relations, and paternalistic orientation while their style was bureaucratic, authoritarian, entrepreneurial, organic, professional, and conservative. Examining the relationship between cultural values and managerial practices and styles '– based on the findings of Study One and Study Two '– Study Three concluded that cultural values had a significant and crucial impact on the performance and actions of the managers within the public and private sectors. Furthermore, the study found out that specific values, practices, and styles, work situation, and sector type were the result of the strong influence of each of the seventeen variables employed in the thesis.

Managerial Practices and styles in Developing Countries'– The Influence of Cultural values: A Case Study on the Sultanate of Oman' is a thesis that is built on three pieces of independent research, which employed four different questionnaires. Study One in which 511 Omanis participated focused on defining cultural values: determine, describe, and analyse. Employing Schwartz values theory (1992, 1994); the results indicated that Omanis were concerned about peace, freedom from war and conflict, social justice, caring for the weak, equality, honouring parents, self restraint, discipline, and resistance to temptation. Study Two: managerial practices and styles employed the Culpan and Kucukemiroglu's Scale (1993) and Khandwalla (1995b) to collect data from 287 managers. The results obtained show managers practiced supervisory style, decision making, communication pattern, control mechanism, interdepartmental relations, and paternalistic orientation while their style was bureaucratic, authoritarian, entrepreneurial, organic, professional, and conservative. Examining the relationship between cultural values and managerial practices and styles '– based on the findings of Study One and Study Two '– Study Three concluded that cultural values had a significant and crucial impact on the performance and actions of the managers within the public and private sectors. Furthermore, the study found out that specific values, practices, and styles, work situation, and sector type were the result of the strong influence of each of the seventeen variables employed in the thesis., Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Griffith Business School, Department of Management, Full Text

Scholars and intelligence experts have identified numerous factors that contribute to instability and insecurity in the Middle East. These factors range from large youth populations to Islamic extremism. This thesis examines responses adopted by the Sultanate of Oman when faced with two structural sources of instability commonly found in the Middle East: overreliance on oil revenues and insurgency, in this case in the Dhofar region. The Omani solutions provide a model for ending rebellions, recognizing economic challenges, and developing a strategy for improving the standard of living for the population. The thesis will analyze the case of the Dhofar Rebellion from 1962-1975 and explain how Oman subdued the insurgency. It explains how the anti-government forces operated and what they demanded from Oman's ruler -- the Sultan. The work here will highlight the government's response to the insurgent attacks, first under Sultan Said bin Taimur and then the altered responses under his successor and current ruler of Oman, Sultan Qaboos. Changes in strategy introduced by Qaboos helped defeat the insurgent forces that had been operating in the country for nearly a decade. The analysis of the insurgency will draw upon theories of social mobilization to highlight the sources of social unrest as well as government responses to the threat. Oman dealt with this threat to its security during the same time it coped with an economy almost entirely dependent on oil revenue for its economic growth. The thesis reviews Oman's history with oil and compares it with other oil-producing nations. Next it determines how much Oman's non-oil economy sectors have grown or decreased since the discovery of oil. The thesis argues that the government is successfully diversifying its economy to decrease its dependence on oil production while investing its oil wealth in an educational system that can provide a work force capable of operating in a newly diversified economy.

A new species of namanereid polychaete, Namanereis araps n. sp., is described from groundwater of the Sultanate of Oman. It occurs in fresh groundwater of natural springs, man-made water channels (falaj) and dry stream beds (wadis) in recently uplifted limestone areas of the south-eastern Arabian peninsula. This is the first species of Namanereis recorded from the coast of the northern Indian Ocean. Namanereis araps n. sp. most closely resembles the Caribbean species Namanereis hummelincki (Augener, 1933).

A new species of namanereid polychaete, Namanereis araps n. sp., is described from groundwater of the Sultanate of Oman. It occurs in fresh groundwater of natural springs, man-made water channels (falaj) and dry stream beds (wadis) in recently uplifted limestone areas of the south-eastern Arabian peninsula. This is the first species of Namanereis recorded from the coast of the northern Indian Ocean. Namanereis araps n. sp. most closely resembles the Caribbean species Namanereis hummelincki (Augener, 1933).

This study aimed to predict social self-concept through parenting styles as perceived by students in grades (6-10) of the basic education in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample included 509 students randomly selected from different school districts. The participants responded to the social self-concept questionnaire and the parenting authority questionnaire. The results indicated that the sample had high levels of social self-concept and parenting styles, except for the permissive style of father and mother. The authoritative style emerged as the most recognizable style among the students. Statistically significant gender differences were found in the level of the social self-concept in favor of females, and in the parenting styles in favor of males. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in both variables based on students’ school grades. Multiple Regression analyses revealed that the social self-concept could be significantly predicted by two parenting styles (father authoritative style, mother authoritative style) after controlling for sex effect.

declares sources and contents of the obligation of respecting human rights imposed on business enterprises by initiatives of international organizations. Many violations of human rights had committed by Multinational companies, accordingly, international organizations, especially United Nations, tries to draft rules balancing between company’s desire of profit and ethical commitments. The most important rules in that field stated in the framework drafted by the special representative of UN Secretary General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises – John Ruggie (Ruggie Report 2008) .The Guiding Principles of Ruggie Report on Business and Human Rights Implements the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework 2011 Moreover, the article studies state’s role to deal with human rights abuse by business enterprises. It declares that role of the state by analyzing national legislations and international legal relationship of sultanate of Oman.

declares sources and contents of the obligation of respecting human rights imposed on business enterprises by initiatives of international organizations. Many violations of human rights had committed by Multinational companies, accordingly, international organizations, especially United Nations, tries to draft rules balancing between company’s desire of profit and ethical commitments. The most important rules in that field stated in the framework drafted by the special representative of UN Secretary General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises – John Ruggie (Ruggie Report 2008) .The Guiding Principles of Ruggie Report on Business and Human Rights Implements the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework 2011 Moreover, the article studies state’s role to deal with human rights abuse by business enterprises. It declares that role of the state by analyzing national legislations and international legal relationship of sultanate of Oman.

declares sources and contents of the obligation of respecting human rights imposed on business enterprises by initiatives of international organizations. Many violations of human rights had committed by Multinational companies, accordingly, international organizations, especially United Nations, tries to draft rules balancing between company’s desire of profit and ethical commitments. The most important rules in that field stated in the framework drafted by the special representative of UN Secretary General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises – John Ruggie (Ruggie Report 2008) .The Guiding Principles of Ruggie Report on Business and Human Rights Implements the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework 2011 Moreover, the article studies state’s role to deal with human rights abuse by business enterprises. It declares that role of the state by analyzing national legislations and international legal relationship of sultanate of Oman.

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Robinson's strategy (SQ3R) on developing reading comprehension skills of basic eighth grade students. The researchers prepared a list of reading comprehension skills for eighth grade students, a reading comprehension test, and a strategy guide to help teachers implement the strategy. The sample of the study was divided into two groups; experimental group, which studied reading using Robinson’s strategy and a control group which studied reading in the regular way. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the students in the experimental and control groups in the post- test of the reading comprehension skills in favor to the experimental in five levels of reading comprehension, namely, literal, deductive, reasoning, critical, and creative. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the explanatory and sense levels.

The Gulf region serves as one of the most crucial geographic areas in global security. Six Gulf States established the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) aimed at political and economic integration and cooperation. However, the mandate has extended to security issues due to increasing instability in the region. This study analyzes the member countries of the GCC and the strategic roles that they fill on security issues. Further, the study analyzes the Peninsula Shield Force (PSF). The GCC formed the PSF for joint military and defense coordination. The study offers recommendations for the progress of the PSF in terms of organizational structure and command configuration for increased defense of the GCC members.