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On some pathogenic bacteria isolated from the urinary tract, the antibacterial activity of pyroluteorin in combination with other antibiotics was studied. Pyoluteorin was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil in Baghdad City. Fifty isolates belongs to Urinary Tract Infection were isolated, and the diagnosis was made using cultivars and biochemical tests, and confirmed using Viteck 2 system. Ten isolates each of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, six of Proteus mirabilis, four of Acinetobacter baumannii, three of Serratia marcescens, and four of Enterobacter cloacae were among the bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus agalactiae (3 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 isolates). All isolates were tested for susceptibility test against 10 different antibiotics (Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Trimethoprin, Ampicillin, salbactam, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Amikacin). The outcomes indicated that 91% and 82% of resistance were reported for nalidixic acid and tetracycline, respectively, whereas 9% of resistance was found for amikacin.

On some pathogenic bacteria isolated from the urinary tract, the antibacterial activity of pyroluteorin in combination with other antibiotics was studied. Pyoluteorin was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil in Baghdad City. Fifty isolates belongs to Urinary Tract Infection were isolated, and the diagnosis was made using cultivars and biochemical tests, and confirmed using Viteck 2 system. Ten isolates each of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, six of Proteus mirabilis, four of Acinetobacter baumannii, three of Serratia marcescens, and four of Enterobacter cloacae were among the bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus agalactiae (3 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 isolates). All isolates were tested for susceptibility test against 10 different antibiotics (Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Trimethoprin, Ampicillin, salbactam, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Amikacin). The outcomes indicated that 91% and 82% of resistance were reported for nalidixic acid and tetracycline, respectively, whereas 9% of resistance was found for amikacin.

This study aims to determine the effect of peer interaction on adolescent religious behavior in Korong Batiah-BatiahNagariGadur, Six Lingkung District. The research method used in this research is quantitative using correlational methods. The population of this study were teenagers who were in Korong Batiah-Batiah, totaling 60 teenagers. Data on peer interaction and religious behavior were obtained from questionnaires, in which the questionnaire met the validity and reliability requirements of the instrument. The data analysis technique in this study uses simple linear regression analysis, which meets the requirements of the classical assumption test (normality and linearity), f-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the f-test analysis, it was obtained f count = 20,984 ? f table = 4.00, then the results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (r2) obtained the value of r2 = 26.6%, which means that the peer interaction variable is influenced by religious behavior variables by 26.6% and the remaining 73.4% is influenced by other factors. So it can be seen that if someone gathers with people who are diligent in worship or pray in congregation, then he will be like that and if he gathers with someone who likes to gamble, then more or less he will be like that too.

This study aims to determine the effect of peer interaction on adolescent religious behavior in Korong Batiah-BatiahNagariGadur, Six Lingkung District. The research method used in this research is quantitative using correlational methods. The population of this study were teenagers who were in Korong Batiah-Batiah, totaling 60 teenagers. Data on peer interaction and religious behavior were obtained from questionnaires, in which the questionnaire met the validity and reliability requirements of the instrument. The data analysis technique in this study uses simple linear regression analysis, which meets the requirements of the classical assumption test (normality and linearity), f-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the f-test analysis, it was obtained f count = 20,984 ? f table = 4.00, then the results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (r2) obtained the value of r2 = 26.6%, which means that the peer interaction variable is influenced by religious behavior variables by 26.6% and the remaining 73.4% is influenced by other factors. So it can be seen that if someone gathers with people who are diligent in worship or pray in congregation, then he will be like that and if he gathers with someone who likes to gamble, then more or less he will be like that too.

This research illustrates the vulnerability experienced by contemporary society in practicing religious beliefs, necessitating the emergence of Theological Pluralism as a new innovation to provide space for minority communities such as the Baha'i to express their religious beliefs. The objective of this study is to elucidate the expressions and responses of the community towards the Baha'i community in Kubu Raya, viewed through the lens of Theological Pluralism. The research employs a qualitative approach rooted in sociology, incorporating literature review and field research. Data collection methods include observation, previous research, and relevant data pertaining to this study. This study indicate that the Baha'i community expresses its beliefs through social interactions viewed from the perspective of Theological Pluralism, ultimately fostering attitudes of tolerance, inclusivity, and appreciation for diversity within pluralistic societies. The community's response to the Baha'i varies, with some exhibiting positive acceptance and others displaying negative rejection. Factors influencing these responses involve limitations in religious knowledge and the socio-political dynamics impacting religious domains.

This research illustrates the vulnerability experienced by contemporary society in practicing religious beliefs, necessitating the emergence of Theological Pluralism as a new innovation to provide space for minority communities such as the Baha'i to express their religious beliefs. The objective of this study is to elucidate the expressions and responses of the community towards the Baha'i community in Kubu Raya, viewed through the lens of Theological Pluralism. The research employs a qualitative approach rooted in sociology, incorporating literature review and field research. Data collection methods include observation, previous research, and relevant data pertaining to this study. This study indicate that the Baha'i community expresses its beliefs through social interactions viewed from the perspective of Theological Pluralism, ultimately fostering attitudes of tolerance, inclusivity, and appreciation for diversity within pluralistic societies. The community's response to the Baha'i varies, with some exhibiting positive acceptance and others displaying negative rejection. Factors influencing these responses involve limitations in religious knowledge and the socio-political dynamics impacting religious domains.

In order to improve the morals of the younger generation of Islam, many organizations have sprung up that target teenagers to migrate so that a youth movement has formed to act as agents of change. This organization is able to influence of Islamic youth, with the methods of delivery and the style of the preachers who are very up-to-date, and they often carry out da'wah via social media, so that they can increase the closeness between the congregation and the preachers. This research used a qualitative method was chosen in this study with a literature study approach to see the influence of the Indonesian movement anti-dating on early marriage through research analysis that had been carried out by previous researchers and then explained in a narrative. Based on the results of GITP's research, it is very influential and useful to be an agent of change in instilling noble characters or morals in young Muslims. This organization influences early marriage with the Indonesian movement without dating. The aim of this movement is very positive so that young people can avoid adultery, but the understanding of the preachers and congregations who are still not in this movement makes the practice of early marriage even more prevalent. To prevent this, it is necessary to provide counseling and awareness to the younger generation regarding the dangers of early marriage or marriage at a young age as well as supervision and collaboration with hijrah youth organizations.

Konsep kepemimpinan selalu berkembang dari waktu ke waktu. Seiring dengan berbagai tantangan global dewasa ini, kepemimpinan harus dinamis dan berorientasi jauh ke depan. Suatu organisasi akan “semakin tak berdaya” jika kepemimpinan yang diterapkan tidak adaptif. Era industry 4.0 semua pemimpin harus berpikir besar dan melakukan langkah besar, namun etika kepemimpinan tetap menjadi jiwa dalam praktik kepemimpinan apalagi dalam kepemimpinan pendidikan, tentu merupakan keniscayaan. Buku ”Manajemen Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Kontemporer” ini merupakan buku bunga rampai yang berisi 13 artikel. Buku ini sengaja disusun dengan mengundang para akademisi lintas perguruan tinggi, lintas budaya dan agama untuk mendapatkan perspektif yang beragam terkait bagaimana menjadi pemimpin ideal di era sekarang ini.  Artikel pertama dalam buku ini mengupas "Konsep Dasar Manajemen Kepemimpinan." Artikel yang ditulis oleh Suhardi tersebut menjadi pijakan konseptual dalam buku ini. Penulis menghadirkan berbagai pendapat terkait dengan manajemen dan kepemimpinan dengan cukup mendalam.  Artikel kedua "Kepemimpinan dalam Perspektif Agama Islam." Artikel yang ditulis oleh Muhammad Imanuddin . Penulis memberikan pemahaman bagaimana konsep kepemimpinan dalam Islam, mulai dari istilah konseptual ulil amri, imamah, khalifah, dengan merujuk pada sumber data otoritas umat Islam yaitu, Al-Qur'an. Penulis juga memberikan pemahaman asas apa saja yang harus dipegang dalam kepemimpinan Islam.  Adapaun artikel ketiga berjudul "Kepemimpinan dalam Perspektif Agama Buddha." Artikel ini ditulis oleh Kunarso. Penulis menjelaskan bahwa dalam beberapa literatur Buddhis padanan kata pemimpin adalah raja. Seorang raja/pemimpin hendaknya memerintah dengan penuh kejujuran, keadilan, serta mengembangkan dasa raja dhamma. Dalam menulis wawasan perspektif agama Buddha, penulis juga menggunakan sumber-sumber otoritatif, sehingga ini dapat memberikan wawasan bagi pemeluk agama lain.  Selanjutnya artikel

Konsep kepemimpinan selalu berkembang dari waktu ke waktu. Seiring dengan berbagai tantangan global dewasa ini, kepemimpinan harus dinamis dan berorientasi jauh ke depan. Suatu organisasi akan “semakin tak berdaya” jika kepemimpinan yang diterapkan tidak adaptif. Era industry 4.0 semua pemimpin harus berpikir besar dan melakukan langkah besar, namun etika kepemimpinan tetap menjadi jiwa dalam praktik kepemimpinan apalagi dalam kepemimpinan pendidikan, tentu merupakan keniscayaan. Buku ”Manajemen Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Kontemporer” ini merupakan buku bunga rampai yang berisi 13 artikel. Buku ini sengaja disusun dengan mengundang para akademisi lintas perguruan tinggi, lintas budaya dan agama untuk mendapatkan perspektif yang beragam terkait bagaimana menjadi pemimpin ideal di era sekarang ini.  Artikel pertama dalam buku ini mengupas "Konsep Dasar Manajemen Kepemimpinan." Artikel yang ditulis oleh Suhardi tersebut menjadi pijakan konseptual dalam buku ini. Penulis menghadirkan berbagai pendapat terkait dengan manajemen dan kepemimpinan dengan cukup mendalam.  Artikel kedua "Kepemimpinan dalam Perspektif Agama Islam." Artikel yang ditulis oleh Muhammad Imanuddin . Penulis memberikan pemahaman bagaimana konsep kepemimpinan dalam Islam, mulai dari istilah konseptual ulil amri, imamah, khalifah, dengan merujuk pada sumber data otoritas umat Islam yaitu, Al-Qur'an. Penulis juga memberikan pemahaman asas apa saja yang harus dipegang dalam kepemimpinan Islam.  Adapaun artikel ketiga berjudul "Kepemimpinan dalam Perspektif Agama Buddha." Artikel ini ditulis oleh Kunarso. Penulis menjelaskan bahwa dalam beberapa literatur Buddhis padanan kata pemimpin adalah raja. Seorang raja/pemimpin hendaknya memerintah dengan penuh kejujuran, keadilan, serta mengembangkan dasa raja dhamma. Dalam menulis wawasan perspektif agama Buddha, penulis juga menggunakan sumber-sumber otoritatif, sehingga ini dapat memberikan wawasan bagi pemeluk agama lain.  Selanjutnya artikel

The study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior and their impact on the employee performance of health offices of Nagan Raya district. The study conducted of 115 employees of the office. The data collected by questionnaire and then the data is analyzed by statistical means of structural equation model (SEM). The study found that job satisfaction and organizational commitment have a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance. The Organizational citizenship behavior mediates the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the employee performance of the institution

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture and emotional intelligence on work motivation and its implication on staff performance of Aceh Parliament Secretariat. Population of this study was overall employee who works on the Aceh Parliament Secretariat where were at about 255 employees. This study employed census method. The analytical method used is structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that organizational culture has no significant effect on work motivation; however, it effect on staff performance. Emotional intelligence significantly effect on both work motivation and staff performance at the Aceh Parliament Secretariat. Work motivation serves as a partial mediator between the effects of emotional intelligence on the staff performance of the Aceh Parliament Secretariat. The implications of this study, Secretariat of the Aceh Parliament need to improve intelligence capabilities of employees through technical assistance programs respectively

This article aims to analyze the challenges of establishing a participatory qanun of gampong. This research was conducted in the village under Syiah Kuala University supervision, Ingin Jaya sub-district, Aceh Besar. This study examined into legal resources, particularly qanuns, in order to analyze the participatory law-making process. The substitution of Aceh Besar Qanun Number 11 Year 2009 with Aceh Besar Qanun Number 2 Year 2020 has caused several legal issues, especially with regard to the supervision of gampong qanuns, which are no longer have a legal basis. Starting with the concept of legal development, replenishment is essential. Due to the lack of rules that act as guidelines, the process of establishing qanuns of gampong has become more complicated. The main reason is that participatory processes are hard to accomplish. It is advised to the Aceh Besar District Government to draft recommendations for the drafting qanun of gampong as soon as possible as a form of guidance for the gampong government. This guidance will also substantially help the gampong government's efforts in preparing numerous requirements for qanuns of gampong.

In implementing a project, it is very rare to find a project that is going exactly as planned. Generally, they experience delays from planned time and budget due to the calculation of project time and costs based on estimates. To avoid losses, one way to deal with it is to use the concept of the value of results (Earned Value Analysis). The purpose of this study is to determine the size of BCWS, ACWP, and BCWP and the value of time and cost performance indexes in the Panam Madani Regency Housing Development Project. The research method used in this research is the method of the concept of the value of results (Earned Value). The location of the research was carried out in the Panam Madani Regency housing development project on Jalan Taman Karya, Panam, Pekanbaru. This observation was carried out for 6 days. Based on the results of calculations from the yield value concept method carried out on the Panam Madani Regency housing development project, it is known that the BCWS value is Rp. 92,670,000.00, BCWP of Rp. 92,670,000.00 and ACWP of Rp. 92,050,000.00. The performance index value against the CPI costs during the project was 1.01, this indicates that the costs incurred were smaller than the planned budget. While the performance index of SPI time during the project is 1.00, this indicates that the implementation time is in accordance with the planned schedule. With a cost variance of Rp. 620,000.00 indicates a positive value (+) which means that the work according to plan at a cost less than the budget. And the schedule variance of zero shows a positive sign, which means that the work is carried out on schedule at a lower cost than the budget.

Transnational crime is the kind of crime that is difficult to handle because it involves the juridical law from two countries that is involve in this crime. The form of crime that occurs is illegal importer. An illegal importer is very detrimental action for the state, it is dangerous when the goods that being imported illegally are something that can be harmful and endanger the state and even society. Therefore, this activity is classified as a transnational crime or cross border crime. The crime that is committed by illegal importers are one of the reason why the national development is grow slowly. By using a quantitative approach, the research are going to do deep interviews to a selected speakers. This study explained the factors of why illegal importers are selling the imported foods and drinks illegally, it can be explain by the factors of people, the geographical location that is very close to Malaysia, and it makes the people become accustomed by consuming illegal imported products until now. The perpetrators are trying to get and sell the illegal imported products to the people continuously, it also because the facilities that facilitate so the illegal imported products can be obtained and sold to the public. For example, it can be ordering through ABK ships that export fish to Malaysia. ABK ship is given the right by the State to shop in Malaysia about 50USD but for personal consumption, but utilized by the ABK and the sellers of illegal imported products to be sell it to public. Not only that, weak supervision from relevant agencies is also one of the factors that make illegal imported products still widely circulated in the community in Tanjung Medang village, North Rupat District. Keywords: Illegal Importers, Rupat Utara, Society, Transnational Crime

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana koordinasi struktur dalam penegakan hukum terhadap penangkapan ikan ilegal di perairan Aceh. Analisis ini berdasarkan pemahaman bahwa pemanfaatan sumber perikanan yang dilakukan oleh kapal perikanan harus selalu berdasarkan izin. Khusus bagi nelayan kecil dikecualikan. Realitasnya penangkapan ikan banyak terjadi secara ilegal, sehingga perlu dilakukan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pelanggaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosio-legal, dengan melihat hukum yang tidak terpisahkan dari berbagai faktor lain. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum belum terlaksana secara efektif. Struktur yang terlibat dalam penegakan hukum di laut adalah Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, dan Kepolisian Air dan Udara. Penegakan hukum dilakukan melalui pengawasan dan penangkapan terhadap kapal-kapal yang melakukan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal. Sebanyak 36 kapal ditangkap dan dikenakan sanksi hukumnya. Koordinasi struktur dalam penegakan hukum masih kurang. Disarankan supaya dilakukan penegakan hukum secara terus-menerus yang efektif dan dilakukan koordinasi secara intensif antara para penegak hukum dengan memperkuat personil dan peralatan dalam penegakan hukum di laut. Improvement of Structural Coordination in Illegal Fishing Law Enforcement in Aceh This study aims to analyze the structural coordination in law enforcement against illegal fishing on the Aceh coast. This analysis is based on the understanding that the use of fisheries by fishing vessels must always be based on a permit. Especially for small fishermen it is excluded. In fact, many fishing occurs illegally, so it is necessary to enforce the law against the perpetrators. This research uses the socio-legal method, by looking at the law that is inseparable from various other factors. Research findings indicate that law enforcement has not been implemented effectively. The structures involved in the law enforcement are

Planning and fostering literature in Indonesia is very important as an effort to preserve it, especially regional literature and develop its existence. This is important because literature has a noble function, namely voicing the heart and phenomena that occur in society. We see that the development of literature in Indonesia such as "living reluctantly to death does not want", is in a situation and condition of concern. Attention from the government and the community is still very minimal. Even though literature in Indonesia still seems to exist, it is solely due to literary activists, both individuals and communities who still care and love literature. This presents a challenge. Challenges in planning and developing literature in Indonesia. It is time for literary issues in Indonesia to be seriously designed by involving people or people who have concerns. Does not always depend on the country. Therefore, independence is needed in discussing the planning and development of literature in Indonesia. In this case the direct involvement of activists / local literary communities is needed. This thinking originated from several existing communities and can survive and even flourish in producing writers and developing literary works in Indonesia. Thus, it is not impossible if the Local Literature Community will provide encouraging results on the development of literature in Indonesia.

This article examines the construction, strategies, and obstacles of mental revolutions at the Islamic higher education in Indonesia. The results of the study found the construction of a mental revolution in the State Islamic University in Indonesia was carried out by the implementation using: Socialization of mental revolution, leadership with integrity, building an environment of integrity, and creating a lecture mention of humanist management, ethical behaviour standards for lectures, mental revolution values in lectures, and mental revolutions. The mental revolution strategy of the State Islamic University in Indonesia is carried out with four strategies, including process with integrity., Este artículo examina la construcción, las estrategias y los obstáculos de las revoluciones mentales en la educación superior islámica en Indonesia. Los resultados del estudio encontraron que la construcción de una revolución mental en la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se llevó a cabo mediante la implementación utilizando: Socialización de la revolución mental, liderazgo con integridad, construcción de un entorno de integridad y creación de una mención humanista, manejo, estándares de comportamiento ético para conferencias y revoluciones mentales. La estrategia de revolución mental de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se lleva a cabo con cuatro estrategias, incluido el proceso con integridad.

This study focused on examining three issues: (1) the academic competence of Arabic lecturers in lecture management at the Tarbiyah and Teachers Training Faculty (TTF); (2) the strategies in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of The State Islamic University in Indonesia; and (3) the obstacles in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia. The results showed that the lecturers assigned to the ASP at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia had effective academic competencies in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of lectures., Este estudio se centró en examinar tres cuestiones: (1) la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en la gestión de conferencias en la Facultad de Formación de Profesores y Tarbiyah (TTF); (2) las estrategias para desarrollar la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia; y (3) los obstáculos en el desarrollo de la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia. Los resultados mostraron que los profesores asignados a la ASP en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia tenían competencias académicas efectivas en la planificación, implementación y evaluación de conferencias.

This article examines the implementation of Islamic education and teacher’s competence in determing the islamic curriculum, and the limitations regarding islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh. The results of presented the implementation of Islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh refering to the Aceh qanun Islamic education Number 11 the year 2014. The teachers assigned in Aceh should have good competency and qualified bachelor skills and have the ability to carry out the Islamic education process following the provisions of the Aceh. Overall, the implementation of Islamic education in Aceh is carried out effectively and efficiently., Este artículo examina la implementación de la educación islámica y la competencia de los maestros para determinar el plan de estudios islámicos y las limitaciones para abordar la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh. Los resultados plantearon que la implementación de la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh se refiere a la educación número 11 de Aceh qanun del año 2014. Los maestros asignados en Aceh deben tener una buena competencia y habilidades de licenciatura calificadas y tener la capacidad de llevar a cabo el proceso de educación islámica siguiendo las disposiciones de Aceh. En general, la implementación de la educación islámica en Aceh se lleva a cabo de manera efectiva y eficiente.

This study investigated the implication of the academic competencies of educators on students’ learning satisfaction at the School of Education and Modern (SEML) University Utara Malaysia (UUM) and the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching (FTK) UIN ArRaniry. Based on qualitative data, the lecturers at FTK UIN Ar-Raniry and SEML UUM have good academic competencies in planning, teaching, and evaluation. The finding is also supported by the quantitative data, which is 85.6% have good ability in preparing Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS). 78.8% of lecturers at SEML UUM have good academic competencies in teaching, while in FTK UIN Ar-Raniry 70%., Este estudio investigó la implicación de las competencias académicas de los educadores en la satisfacción del aprendizaje de los estudiantes en la Escuela de Educación y Universidad Moderna (SEML) Utara Malasia (UUM) y la Facultad de Tarbiyah y Enseñanza (FTK) UIN Ar-Raniry. Basado en datos cualitativos, los profesores de FTK UIN Ar-Raniry y SEML UUM tienen buenas competencias académicas en planificación, enseñanza y evaluación. El hallazgo también está respaldado por los datos cuantitativos, que son el 85,6% tienen una buena capacidad para preparar el Plan de aprendizaje del semestre de Rencana Pembelajaran (RPS). El 78.8% de los profesores de SEML UUM tienen buenas competencias académicas en la enseñanza, mientras que en FTK UIN Ar-Raniry el 70%.

This study focused on examining three issues: (1) the academic competence of Arabic lecturers in lecture management at the Tarbiyah and Teachers Training Faculty (TTF); (2) the strategies in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of The State Islamic University in Indonesia; and (3) the obstacles in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia. The results showed that the lecturers assigned to the ASP at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia had effective academic competencies in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of lectures., Este estudio se centró en examinar tres cuestiones: (1) la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en la gestión de conferencias en la Facultad de Formación de Profesores y Tarbiyah (TTF); (2) las estrategias para desarrollar la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia; y (3) los obstáculos en el desarrollo de la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia. Los resultados mostraron que los profesores asignados a la ASP en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia tenían competencias académicas efectivas en la planificación, implementación y evaluación de conferencias.

This article examines the implementation of Islamic education and teacher’s competence in determing the islamic curriculum, and the limitations regarding islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh. The results of presented the implementation of Islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh refering to the Aceh qanun Islamic education Number 11 the year 2014. The teachers assigned in Aceh should have good competency and qualified bachelor skills and have the ability to carry out the Islamic education process following the provisions of the Aceh. Overall, the implementation of Islamic education in Aceh is carried out effectively and efficiently., Este artículo examina la implementación de la educación islámica y la competencia de los maestros para determinar el plan de estudios islámicos y las limitaciones para abordar la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh. Los resultados plantearon que la implementación de la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh se refiere a la educación número 11 de Aceh qanun del año 2014. Los maestros asignados en Aceh deben tener una buena competencia y habilidades de licenciatura calificadas y tener la capacidad de llevar a cabo el proceso de educación islámica siguiendo las disposiciones de Aceh. En general, la implementación de la educación islámica en Aceh se lleva a cabo de manera efectiva y eficiente.

This article examines the construction, strategies, and obstacles of mental revolutions at the Islamic higher education in Indonesia. The results of the study found the construction of a mental revolution in the State Islamic University in Indonesia was carried out by the implementation using: Socialization of mental revolution, leadership with integrity, building an environment of integrity, and creating a lecture mention of humanist management, ethical behaviour standards for lectures, mental revolution values in lectures, and mental revolutions. The mental revolution strategy of the State Islamic University in Indonesia is carried out with four strategies, including process with integrity., Este artículo examina la construcción, las estrategias y los obstáculos de las revoluciones mentales en la educación superior islámica en Indonesia. Los resultados del estudio encontraron que la construcción de una revolución mental en la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se llevó a cabo mediante la implementación utilizando: Socialización de la revolución mental, liderazgo con integridad, construcción de un entorno de integridad y creación de una mención humanista, manejo, estándares de comportamiento ético para conferencias y revoluciones mentales. La estrategia de revolución mental de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se lleva a cabo con cuatro estrategias, incluido el proceso con integridad.

This article examines the construction, strategies, and obstacles of mental revolutions at the Islamic higher education in Indonesia. The results of the study found the construction of a mental revolution in the State Islamic University in Indonesia was carried out by the implementation using: Socialization of mental revolution, leadership with integrity, building an environment of integrity, and creating a lecture mention of humanist management, ethical behaviour standards for lectures, mental revolution values in lectures, and mental revolutions. The mental revolution strategy of the State Islamic University in Indonesia is carried out with four strategies, including process with integrity., Este artículo examina la construcción, las estrategias y los obstáculos de las revoluciones mentales en la educación superior islámica en Indonesia. Los resultados del estudio encontraron que la construcción de una revolución mental en la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se llevó a cabo mediante la implementación utilizando: Socialización de la revolución mental, liderazgo con integridad, construcción de un entorno de integridad y creación de una mención humanista, manejo, estándares de comportamiento ético para conferencias y revoluciones mentales. La estrategia de revolución mental de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia se lleva a cabo con cuatro estrategias, incluido el proceso con integridad.

This study focused on examining three issues: (1) the academic competence of Arabic lecturers in lecture management at the Tarbiyah and Teachers Training Faculty (TTF); (2) the strategies in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of The State Islamic University in Indonesia; and (3) the obstacles in developing the academic competence of Arabic lecturers at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia. The results showed that the lecturers assigned to the ASP at the TTF of the State Islamic University in Indonesia had effective academic competencies in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of lectures., Este estudio se centró en examinar tres cuestiones: (1) la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en la gestión de conferencias en la Facultad de Formación de Profesores y Tarbiyah (TTF); (2) las estrategias para desarrollar la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia; y (3) los obstáculos en el desarrollo de la competencia académica de los profesores de árabe en el TTF de la Universidad Estatal Islámica de Indonesia. Los resultados mostraron que los profesores asignados a la ASP en el TTF de la Universidad Islámica del Estado en Indonesia tenían competencias académicas efectivas en la planificación, implementación y evaluación de conferencias.

This article examines the implementation of Islamic education and teacher’s competence in determing the islamic curriculum, and the limitations regarding islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh. The results of presented the implementation of Islamic education of Madrasah Aliyah in Aceh refering to the Aceh qanun Islamic education Number 11 the year 2014. The teachers assigned in Aceh should have good competency and qualified bachelor skills and have the ability to carry out the Islamic education process following the provisions of the Aceh. Overall, the implementation of Islamic education in Aceh is carried out effectively and efficiently., Este artículo examina la implementación de la educación islámica y la competencia de los maestros para determinar el plan de estudios islámicos y las limitaciones para abordar la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh. Los resultados plantearon que la implementación de la educación islámica de Madrasah Aliyah en Aceh se refiere a la educación número 11 de Aceh qanun del año 2014. Los maestros asignados en Aceh deben tener una buena competencia y habilidades de licenciatura calificadas y tener la capacidad de llevar a cabo el proceso de educación islámica siguiendo las disposiciones de Aceh. En general, la implementación de la educación islámica en Aceh se lleva a cabo de manera efectiva y eficiente.

Planning and fostering literature in Indonesia is very important as an effort to preserve it, especially regional literature and develop its existence. This is important because literature has a noble function, namely voicing the heart and phenomena that occur in society. We see that the development of literature in Indonesia such as "living reluctantly to death does not want", is in a situation and condition of concern. Attention from the government and the community is still very minimal. Even though literature in Indonesia still seems to exist, it is solely due to literary activists, both individuals and communities who still care and love literature. This presents a challenge. Challenges in planning and developing literature in Indonesia. It is time for literary issues in Indonesia to be seriously designed by involving people or people who have concerns. Does not always depend on the country. Therefore, independence is needed in discussing the planning and development of literature in Indonesia. In this case the direct involvement of activists / local literary communities is needed. This thinking originated from several existing communities and can survive and even flourish in producing writers and developing literary works in Indonesia. Thus, it is not impossible if the Local Literature Community will provide encouraging results on the development of literature in Indonesia.

Penelitian ini ingin menguraikan penggunaan paradigma dalam penelitian hukum. Konteks penelitian hukum yang dimaksudkan di sini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan ilmu lain. Penelitian ini berangkat dari pemahaman bahwa basis penelitian hukum itu selalu berkembang. Atas dasar itulah, orientasi pada diskursus teori dan konsep sangat penting dilakukan. Dalam hal ini, hukum berada dalam konsep sebagaimana pemaknaan oleh para subjek dalam interaksi mereka. Ada debat mengenai apakah penggunaan ilmu lain dalam penelitian hukum dibenarkan atau tidak. Sebagian sarjana beranggapan penggunaan pendekatan ilmu lain dalam menyelesaikan masalah hukum, tidak masalah, dengan catatan digunakan sebagai ilmu bantu. Sebagian sarjana menganggap berbagai ilmu bantu dalam penelitian tidak bisa digunakan dalam penelitian ilmu hukum. Legal Research Paradigm This study wants to elaborate the used of paradigm in legal reseach. The context of legal reseach intended in this study means using another science approachs. The reseach argue that the legal research still developing itself. So, the orientation of theory discourse and concept is very important. Law is a concept that interpreted by persons during their interaction. There is a debate whether the use of other knowledge in legal research is justified or not. Some scholars assume that the use of other science approaches in solving legal problems is not a problem, with note that it is used as auxilliary science. However, other scholars assume that various auxilliary science in research can not be used in legal research.

The enactment of Law No. 6/2014 in Aceh has been associated with the existence of gampong and mukim governed by Law No. 11/2006. Law no. 6/2014 has not focuses on the recognition of adat communities. This article aims to answer two important issues. First, to what extent a leadership strengthening of gampong and mukim in Aceh can be performed in the context of recognition of adat communities? Second, what is correlation between a leadership framework related to disaster experience of Aceh and disaster mitigation? The strengthening of gampong and mukim leaderships was inseparable from the context of recognition and protection of the state to adat communities. So far, state law does not recognize adat communities operatively and functionally. It is important to strengthen the adat communities. The strengthening should be oriented on an understanding that adat communities are not limited to the context of adat law, but rather related to sociocultural, politics, economics, and ecological dimensions. In regard to disaster mitigation, the recognition and protection of adat communities would be very important so that implementation of disaster mitigation can be performed by gampong and mukim leaders. In this case, gampong and mukim were not limited as government agencies, but as adat institution and adat community. This institutional combination allowed gampong and mukim to set adat spaces contributing to the disaster risk mitigation of Aceh.

This research departs from various issues related to the definition of literature which always raises debates and dissatisfaction with the existing definition. Literature as national identity also raises debates. Those two reasons had, directly and indirectly, influenced the development of Indonesian map literature. Formation of Indonesian map literature from different periods needed to be clarified so it could provide a clear definition of Indonesian literature development. The aims of this research are (1) constructing Indonesian literature map which explains the development of Indonesian literacy from different periods; and (2) explaining literature as nation identity with character. To analyze the issues, theories and concepts about literature are applied. Thisresearch uses descriptive method. Data gathered by descriptive technique and content analysis. The main finding of this research is that there is a significant influence of Indonesian literature development by tracing Indonesian literature to the formation of nation identity with character.

This research departs from various issues related to the definition of literature which always raises debates and dissatisfaction with the existing definition. Literature as national identity also raises debates. Those two reasons had, directly and indirectly, influenced the development of Indonesian map literature. Formation of Indonesian map literature from different periods needed to be clarified so it could provide a clear definition of Indonesian literature development. The aims of this research are (1) constructing Indonesian literature map which explains the development of Indonesian literacy from different periods; and (2) explaining literature as nation identity with character. To analyze the issues, theories and concepts about literature are applied. Thisresearch uses descriptive method. Data gathered by descriptive technique and content analysis. The main finding of this research is that there is a significant influence of Indonesian literature development by tracing Indonesian literature to the formation of nation identity with character.

ABSTRAK. Lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi menjadi babak baru dalam pengaturan minyak dan gas di Indonesia. UU ini ingin menegaskan bahwa pembangunan nasional harus diarahkan kepada terwujudnya kesejahteraan rakyat dengan melakukan reformasi di segala bidang kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalam UU sudah ditegaskan mengenai tujuan pengelolaan gas bumi dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan negara, menciptakan lapangan kerja, meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat yang adil dan merata, serta tetap menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup. Namun demikian, pengelolaan gas harus dilakukan secara hati-hati dan seyogianya terbebas dari skema liberalisasi yang berpotensi membawa ketidakadilan sosial dan kegagalan pencapaian kesejahteraan rakyat. Putusan MK yang telah menganulir pasal-pasal dalam UU tersebut, maka rekonstruksi hukum sangat penting dilakukan, dengan menjamin keberadaan hukum yang menciptakan kebahagiaan bagi rakyat. Reconstruction of Oil and Gas Law That Just in Indonesia ABSTRACT. Inception of Law Number 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas to become a new chapter in the regulation of oil and gas in Indonesia. This law would like to emphasize that national development should be directed to the implementation of public welfare by reforming all areas of national life. This article found that the Act has been emphasized on management objectives of natural gas in order to increase state revenues, create jobs, improve the welfare and prosperity of the people fair and equitable, and still preserve the environment. However, management of gas must be done carefully and should be free from liberalization scheme that could potentially bring social injustice and failure to achieve the welfare of the people. Constitutional Court decision which had been annulled clauses in the law, then the law is essential reconstruction, to ensure the existence of laws that create happiness for the people

ABSTRAK. Kearifan lokal bukanlah sesuatu yang baru dalam mengkonstruksi dan menjalankan hukum. Artikel ini ingin menawarkan konsep kearifan lokal dalam penyelesaian pelanggaran hak asasi manusia untuk menemukan keadilan. Kasus hak asasi manusia yang pernah terjadi di Aceh memiliki peluang bagi penyelesaiannya. Namun ada satu hal yang penting untuk diingat, bahwa usaha penyelesaian pelanggaran HAM masa lalu di Aceh tidak sekadar merupakan persoalan hukum, melainkan termasuk hak asasi manusia, politik, dan kebijakan. Pilihan atas pembentukan komite/badan khusus dengan kebijakan Presiden, dapat dilakukan dalam konteks membuka ruang pengungkapan kebenaran, atau proses mempercepat penyelesaian pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Dalam pengalaman sejumlah negara, pengungkapan kebenaran tidak jarang dilakukan berlandaskan pada kebijakan kepresidenan. Reconciliation Based Local Wisdom in Aceh ABSTRACT. Local wisdom is not something new to construct and execute the law. This article would like to offer the concept of local wisdom in the settlement of human rights violations to find justice. Cases of human rights that have occurred in Aceh has a chance for its completion. But there is one important thing to keep in mind, that the business settlement of past human rights violations in Aceh is not just a legal issue, but also human rights, politics, and policy. The choice of the establishment of committees/ special body with the president's policies, can be done in the context of the open space of the truth, or the process of speeding up the settlement of human rights violations. In the experience of some countries, disclosure of the truth is not infrequently done based on the policy of the presidency.

(Study on The Technical Aspect Management of Local Buffalo in Gayo Lues District) ABSTRACT. The objective of this research to study on the technical aspect management of local buffalo in Gayo Lues district. Forty local buffalo farmers located in three selected sub district of Rikit Gaib, Pantan Cuaca and Dabun Gelang in Gayo Lues were visited and data or informations were collected through interview of the farmers. Data collected included: breed and breeding performance, feed and feeding practices, rearing practices, health aspect and marketing. The data were tabulated and compared with the standard guideline of buffalo management from the Directorate General of Livestock Service (DGLS). Result showed that management practices of local buffalo applied by farmers in Gayo Lues were found very low, only 40.16% of the standard management from DGLS. Application of health (64.57%), and housing (74.78%), while application of breeding and reproduction, rearing practices and feed and feeding were 41.76%, 46.50%, and 17.67% of the standard, respectively.

Efforts in quality improvement and development of education in the era of regional autonomy are not only the responsibility of the central government and provincial governments, but also the responsibility of local governments. Quality improvement and development of education thus become strategic issues for any local government. This study aims to address issues related to: (1) the condition of school facilities and infrastructure (2) the role of school committees which is not optimal; (3) the absence of equitable distribution of teachers; and (4) the lack of Information and Communication Technology/ICT-based learning application in in secondary schools. The research was conducted in four districts, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. The main theory employed in this study is the School Based Management (SBM) or the so-called School Based Management (SBM). The population was students, parents and teachers. The total number of samples was 250 people comprising 100 students, 100 parents and 50 teachers. The research data were obtained from primary and secondary data. The study yielded a number of key findings. First, 90% of High School (or its equivalent) teachers master the materials taught. This is due to fact that the materials taught are in accordance with the education qualification of the teacher. Secondly, the mismatch found in Madurese high schools was apparently caused by the lack of educators with suitable qualification for the subjects they teach concurrently. Almost all secondary teachers in Madura island require trainings related to the development of competency for mastering the subject materials. The last but not the least, the majority of teachers still apply simple learning methods. Although the method applied by teachers are generally similar, there are significant differences between the favorite schools and the other schools.

Efforts in quality improvement and development of education in the era of regional autonomy are not only the responsibility of the central government and provincial governments, but also the responsibility of local governments. Quality improvement and development of education thus become strategic issues for any local government. This study aims to address issues related to: (1) the condition of school facilities and infrastructure (2) the role of school committees which is not optimal; (3) the absence of equitable distribution of teachers; and (4) the lack of Information and Communication Technology/ICT-based learning application in in secondary schools. The research was conducted in four districts, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. The main theory employed in this study is the School Based Management (SBM) or the so-called School Based Management (SBM). The population was students, parents and teachers. The total number of samples was 250 people comprising 100 students, 100 parents and 50 teachers. The research data were obtained from primary and secondary data. The study yielded a number of key findings. First, 90% of High School (or its equivalent) teachers master the materials taught. This is due to fact that the materials taught are in accordance with the education qualification of the teacher. Secondly, the mismatch found in Madurese high schools was apparently caused by the lack of educators with suitable qualification for the subjects they teach concurrently. Almost all secondary teachers in Madura island require trainings related to the development of competency for mastering the subject materials. The last but not the least, the majority of teachers still apply simple learning methods. Although the method applied by teachers are generally similar, there are significant differences between the favorite schools and the other schools.

The conflict of trawl has been occurring for long time in Aceh. Using trawl is not only illegal but also resulted in a decrease of catcher number got by fishermen in the place. This article aims to explain the conflict in Lhok Meureubo in relation to the legal ban of the usage of trawl, the conflict settlement process, as well as the steps taken by the Government of West Aceh district in anticipating its usage in the future. The methods applied include normative and empirical research. The normative research is done through legal materials. While the empirical one is conducted by interviewing a sample of purposively selected sample. The conflict in Lhok Meureubo is due to the use of trawling gear, it has been happening since 2003. The conflicts come up by the use of trawl types that are not environmentally friendly. The use of such fishery catcher has been taking time for a long time, but after the tsunami, the use of mini-trawling increasingly from a variety of aid for tsunami victims. The steps taken by the Government of West Aceh district to overcome the problem in the future, is especially by replacing the trawl gear with the one that is more environmentally friendly. The fishermen who use the trawl which the boat already registered is then reported to the Department of Marine and Fisheries of West Aceh district to get the trawl replaced by environmentally friendly trawl. A Settlement Model of Trawl Conflict in West Aceh

In social life, the law has many functions. In this case the law became a tool in resolving the conflict in Aceh. The conflict in Aceh has long occurred. Several rounds of dialogue has been conducted, but has not achieved satisfactory results. Dialogue after the tsunami last December 26, 2004, facilitated the Crisis Management Institute (CMI), the conflicting parties and the Government of the Free Aceh Movement reached a peace agreement. In peace, produced a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed in Helsinki on August 15, 2005, in which the MoU is to be hold in drafting a legislation for Aceh, which was then named the Law Number 11 Year 2006 on the Government of Aceh. Legal Form for Aceh Peace

Special courts are the courts having the authority o access, judge, and decide special cases that can only be established in one of the courts types under the supervision of the Indonesia’s Supreme Courts as regulated in the laws. Such court are the courts for children, trading court, human rights court, the court for corruption, the relantonship industrial court and fishery court under the first instance court and tax court under the supervision of administration court. The Authority of Islamic Courts in Aceh as the Special Courts in Settling the Disputes

This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.

This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.

This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.

This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.

This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.