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Natural and urban forests worldwide are increasingly threatened by global change resulting from human-mediated factors, including invasions by lethal exotic pathogens. Ash dieback (ADB), incited by the alien invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has caused large-scale population decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) across Europe, and is threatening to functionally extirpate this tree species. Genetically controlled host resistance is a key element to ensure European ash survival and to restore this keystone species where it has been decimated. We know that a low proportion of the natural population of European ash expresses heritable, quantitative resistance that is stable across environments. To exploit this resource for breeding and restoration efforts, tools that allow for effective and efficient, rapid identification and deployment of superior genotypes are now sorely needed. Here we show that Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of phenolic extracts from uninfected bark tissue, coupled with a model based on soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), can robustly discriminate between ADB-resistant and susceptible European ash. The model was validated with populations of European ash grown across six European countries. Our work demonstrates that this approach can efficiently advance the effort to save such fundamental forest resource in Europe and elsewhere.

Natural and urban forests worldwide are increasingly threatened by global change resulting from human-mediated factors, including invasions by lethal exotic pathogens. Ash dieback (ADB), incited by the alien invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has caused large-scale population decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) across Europe, and is threatening to functionally extirpate this tree species. Genetically controlled host resistance is a key element to ensure European ash survival and to restore this keystone species where it has been decimated. We know that a low proportion of the natural population of European ash expresses heritable, quantitative resistance that is stable across environments. To exploit this resource for breeding and restoration efforts, tools that allow for effective and efficient, rapid identification and deployment of superior genotypes are now sorely needed. Here we show that Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of phenolic extracts from uninfected bark tissue, coupled with a model based on soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), can robustly discriminate between ADB-resistant and susceptible European ash. The model was validated with populations of European ash grown across six European countries. Our work demonstrates that this approach can efficiently advance the effort to save such fundamental forest resource in Europe and elsewhere.

Magistro darbe tiriama kai kurių abiotinių veiksnių įtaka hibridinės drebulės adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygomis. Darbo objektas – Smulkiadantės tuopos x drebulės (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula) hibridas. Darbo tikslas – Nustatyti temperatūros ir substrato pH įtaką hibridinės drebulės mikroūglių adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygomis. Darbo metodai – Temperatūros ir pH įtaka adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygoms. Darbo rezultatai: Mikroūglių be šaknų, paruoštų perkėlimui į daigintuves, poveikis skirtinga temperatūra parodė, kad geriausiai mikroūgliai adaptavosi prieš tai palaikyti 12 val. +4 ºC temperatūroje. Genotipų reakcija į skirtingas temperatūros sąlygas skyrėsi nežymiai. Adaptuojamus ex vitro sąlygose hibridinės drebulės mikroūglius rekomenduojama laistyti tirpalais, kurių pH (5,5–6) artimas arba šiek tiek didesnis už fiziologinį. Augimo reguliatoriai, PBZ ir ABR, gali būti naudojami hibridinės drebulės mikroūglių adaptacijos ex vitro sąlygose pagerinimui, ypač mažiau adaptacijai palankiomis sąlygomis (kai pH 5)., This master thesis researches some effects of abiotic factors on adaptation of the hybrid aspen under ex vitro conditions. Object of the research – Hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula). Purpose of the research – Defining the impact of temperature and pH substrate on adaptation of the hybrid aspen under ex vitro conditions. Research methods – The impact of temperature and pH substrate on adaptation under ex vitro conditions. Results of the research: The effect of different temperature on rootless micro plantlets prepared for planting shows that the best results of adaptation are achieved when micro plantlets are disposed to temperature of +4 ºC for 12 hours. The reaction of genotypes to different temperature conditions is of no significant importance. For better adaptation under ex vitro conditions, it is recommended to water micro plantlets with solutions that have the same pH (5,5 – 6) or minimally larger than physiological saline. Plant growth regulators, such as PBZ and ABR, can also be used for better adaptation results under ex vitro conditions, especially under less favourable conditions (when pH is 5).

Magistro darbe tiriama kai kurių abiotinių veiksnių įtaka hibridinės drebulės adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygomis. Darbo objektas – Smulkiadantės tuopos x drebulės (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula) hibridas. Darbo tikslas – Nustatyti temperatūros ir substrato pH įtaką hibridinės drebulės mikroūglių adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygomis. Darbo metodai – Temperatūros ir pH įtaka adaptacijai ex vitro sąlygoms. Darbo rezultatai: Mikroūglių be šaknų, paruoštų perkėlimui į daigintuves, poveikis skirtinga temperatūra parodė, kad geriausiai mikroūgliai adaptavosi prieš tai palaikyti 12 val. +4 ºC temperatūroje. Genotipų reakcija į skirtingas temperatūros sąlygas skyrėsi nežymiai. Adaptuojamus ex vitro sąlygose hibridinės drebulės mikroūglius rekomenduojama laistyti tirpalais, kurių pH (5,5–6) artimas arba šiek tiek didesnis už fiziologinį. Augimo reguliatoriai, PBZ ir ABR, gali būti naudojami hibridinės drebulės mikroūglių adaptacijos ex vitro sąlygose pagerinimui, ypač mažiau adaptacijai palankiomis sąlygomis (kai pH 5)., This master thesis researches some effects of abiotic factors on adaptation of the hybrid aspen under ex vitro conditions. Object of the research – Hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula). Purpose of the research – Defining the impact of temperature and pH substrate on adaptation of the hybrid aspen under ex vitro conditions. Research methods – The impact of temperature and pH substrate on adaptation under ex vitro conditions. Results of the research: The effect of different temperature on rootless micro plantlets prepared for planting shows that the best results of adaptation are achieved when micro plantlets are disposed to temperature of +4 ºC for 12 hours. The reaction of genotypes to different temperature conditions is of no significant importance. For better adaptation under ex vitro conditions, it is recommended to water micro plantlets with solutions that have the same pH (5,5 – 6) or minimally larger than physiological saline. Plant growth regulators, such as PBZ and ABR, can also be used for better adaptation results under ex vitro conditions, especially under less favourable conditions (when pH is 5).