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An optical characterisation of a fractal light concentrator is presented. The concentrator has a geometrical concentration coefficient of 3X and an acceptance angle of 65 degrees. Visual observations confirm the theoretically predicted performance., https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393

An optical characterisation of a fractal light concentrator is presented. The concentrator has a geometrical concentration coefficient of 3X and an acceptance angle of 65 degrees. Visual observations confirm the theoretically predicted performance., https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393

An optical characterisation of a fractal light concentrator is presented. The concentrator has a geometrical concentration coefficient of 3X and an acceptance angle of 65 degrees. Visual observations confirm the theoretically predicted performance., https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393

An optical characterisation of a fractal light concentrator is presented. The concentrator has a geometrical concentration coefficient of 3X and an acceptance angle of 65 degrees. Visual observations confirm the theoretically predicted performance., https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393

An optical characterisation of a fractal light concentrator is presented. The concentrator has a geometrical concentration coefficient of 3X and an acceptance angle of 65 degrees. Visual observations confirm the theoretically predicted performance., https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393

Industrin står för 32% av den globala energianvändningen och majoriteten av industrins utsläpp sker vid förbränning av fossila bränslen för värmeanvändning. Hälften av industrins värmeanvändning uppskattas vara i temperaturer upp till 400 °C vilket är lämpligt för värme från solfångare.Klädesindustrin står för 10% av de globala växthusgasutsläppen och majoriteten av de utsläppen sker vid textilproduktion och flera av textilindustrins processer är i temperaturintervall som kan använda värme från solfångare likt Absolicons T160.Data från energianvändning hos textilfabriker har samlats in och beräkningar på energianvändning och utsläpp har gjorts för erhållna data. Solfångarnas energiberäkningar har gjorts med hjälp av simuleringar från Absolicon applikation Field Simulator. En 3-stegs plan gjordes för 2 stora textilfabriker i Indien som visar hur de skulle kunna eliminera sina utsläpp från energianvändning.Kartläggningen visar att textilindustrin till stor del använder fossila bränslen och de 5 största textilfabrikerna i denna rapport visar en energifördelning mellan värme och el på 85% respektive 15%. Utsläppen per producerad massa varor i kg för de 5 fabrikerna uppskattas vara i snitt 6,1 kgCO2e vilket motsvarar en förbränning av 2,1 kg brunkol.De två stora textilfabriker i Indien samlade utsläpp från energianvändning redovisas vara 686 ktCO2e. Värmeanvändningen i fabrikerna sänks i 3-stegsplanen med 17% och fossila bränslen ersätts med värme från solfångare och biomassa. För att täcka 68% av det nya värmebehovet med värme från solfångare så behövs det solfångarfält med en termisk effekt på cirka 400 MW och en yta på cirka 1,3 km2. De resterande 32% av värmebehovet ska komma från förbränning av cirka 100 000 ton biomassa per år.Industrin har möjlighet att sänka stora delar av sina utsläpp genom att ersätta fossila bränslen i värmeanvändningen med till exempel värme från solfångare och biomassa. För att täcka stora delar av värmeanvändningen med solfångarfält behövs, The industry sector accounts for 32% of the global energy usage where the majority of the energy is being used as heat. Most of the heat is generated by burning fossil fuels which leads to heat use being the largest source of emissions in the sector. About half of energy used as in the industries are in temperatures up to 400 °C which is suitable for heat provided by solar collectors.The apparel industry accounts for 10% of the global carbon emissions and multiple of the industry processes used in textile production are in temperature ranges reachable with solar collectors such as Absolicons T160.Energy data was collected from textile factories and calculations of energy usage and emissions was made. The calculations for solar collectors was made with Absolicons web application Field Simulator. A 3-step plan was created to demonstrate how two textile factories in India could reach zero CO2 emissions.The analysis shows that the textile industry’s majority of energy is being used from fossil fuels to generate heat where the 5 largest factories in this report average energy is 85% as heat and 15% as electricity. The emissions per produced mass of goods in kg is an average of 6,1 kgCO2e at these 5 factories which is comparable to burning 2,1 kg of black coal.The two large textile factories combined emissions from energy usage is reported to be 686 ktCO2e. In the 3-step plan the heat usage is reduced by 17% and heat from fossil fuels are replaced by heat from solar collectors and biomass. To cover 68% of the new energy demand it would require solar fields with a total thermal capacity of about 400 MW and an area of 1,3 km2. The remaining 32% of heat demand would be covered by burning 100 000 tonne of biomass per year.The conclusion is that he industry sector has a huge potential of reducing their emissions by replacing fossil fuels for generating thermal energy by thermal energy from e.g. solar collectors or biomass. It will require available spaces close to or on top of

Industrin står för 32% av den globala energianvändningen och majoriteten av industrins utsläpp sker vid förbränning av fossila bränslen för värmeanvändning. Hälften av industrins värmeanvändning uppskattas vara i temperaturer upp till 400 °C vilket är lämpligt för värme från solfångare.Klädesindustrin står för 10% av de globala växthusgasutsläppen och majoriteten av de utsläppen sker vid textilproduktion och flera av textilindustrins processer är i temperaturintervall som kan använda värme från solfångare likt Absolicons T160.Data från energianvändning hos textilfabriker har samlats in och beräkningar på energianvändning och utsläpp har gjorts för erhållna data. Solfångarnas energiberäkningar har gjorts med hjälp av simuleringar från Absolicon applikation Field Simulator. En 3-stegs plan gjordes för 2 stora textilfabriker i Indien som visar hur de skulle kunna eliminera sina utsläpp från energianvändning.Kartläggningen visar att textilindustrin till stor del använder fossila bränslen och de 5 största textilfabrikerna i denna rapport visar en energifördelning mellan värme och el på 85% respektive 15%. Utsläppen per producerad massa varor i kg för de 5 fabrikerna uppskattas vara i snitt 6,1 kgCO2e vilket motsvarar en förbränning av 2,1 kg brunkol.De två stora textilfabriker i Indien samlade utsläpp från energianvändning redovisas vara 686 ktCO2e. Värmeanvändningen i fabrikerna sänks i 3-stegsplanen med 17% och fossila bränslen ersätts med värme från solfångare och biomassa. För att täcka 68% av det nya värmebehovet med värme från solfångare så behövs det solfångarfält med en termisk effekt på cirka 400 MW och en yta på cirka 1,3 km2. De resterande 32% av värmebehovet ska komma från förbränning av cirka 100 000 ton biomassa per år.Industrin har möjlighet att sänka stora delar av sina utsläpp genom att ersätta fossila bränslen i värmeanvändningen med till exempel värme från solfångare och biomassa. För att täcka stora delar av värmeanvändningen med solfångarfält behövs, The industry sector accounts for 32% of the global energy usage where the majority of the energy is being used as heat. Most of the heat is generated by burning fossil fuels which leads to heat use being the largest source of emissions in the sector. About half of energy used as in the industries are in temperatures up to 400 °C which is suitable for heat provided by solar collectors.The apparel industry accounts for 10% of the global carbon emissions and multiple of the industry processes used in textile production are in temperature ranges reachable with solar collectors such as Absolicons T160.Energy data was collected from textile factories and calculations of energy usage and emissions was made. The calculations for solar collectors was made with Absolicons web application Field Simulator. A 3-step plan was created to demonstrate how two textile factories in India could reach zero CO2 emissions.The analysis shows that the textile industry’s majority of energy is being used from fossil fuels to generate heat where the 5 largest factories in this report average energy is 85% as heat and 15% as electricity. The emissions per produced mass of goods in kg is an average of 6,1 kgCO2e at these 5 factories which is comparable to burning 2,1 kg of black coal.The two large textile factories combined emissions from energy usage is reported to be 686 ktCO2e. In the 3-step plan the heat usage is reduced by 17% and heat from fossil fuels are replaced by heat from solar collectors and biomass. To cover 68% of the new energy demand it would require solar fields with a total thermal capacity of about 400 MW and an area of 1,3 km2. The remaining 32% of heat demand would be covered by burning 100 000 tonne of biomass per year.The conclusion is that he industry sector has a huge potential of reducing their emissions by replacing fossil fuels for generating thermal energy by thermal energy from e.g. solar collectors or biomass. It will require available spaces close to or on top of

This chapter introduces the concentrating solar power (CSP), defined as power generated in the CSP systems that uses solar concentrators to convert solar energy into heat and then the produced heat is converted into power using heat engine based on Rankine, Brayton, and Stirling cycles. This chapter presents the main solar concentrator technologies and the solar energy resources based on the characteristics of sun and the type of solar radiation. It then explains the fundamentals of the main concentrating power plant technologies to convert solar energy resources into electricity and the technologies used for solar thermal energy storage. By the end of the chapter, a thermodynamic and economic study to evaluate a 3-MW Organic Rankine Cycle coupled to parabolic trough concentrator is presented., SCOPUS: ch.b, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Emerging trends in education reforms have continued to call for quality education that will foster the ability of learners to meet the challenges of the 21st century and encourage their participation in sustainable development issues. The wealth drawn from quality education form the basis to finding solutions to issues of national economy beginning from needs of rural people. The current economic recession in Nigeria radically challenges the system of education to shift from factory model of education to a more proactive system of education through PBL. Twenty secondary school students from Anambra State, Nigeria participated in the study. The study was an experiment that involved the participants in designing a solar concentrator using locally available materials. The students used the designed solar concentrator to generate high temperatures at the focal region of the concentrator where the absorber was positioned. The incoming solar radiation was measured periodically for four days using pyranometer between 8.00 to 18.00 hours. The temperatures of the concentrator surface, the focal region (the absorber), the control, the ambient, the air within the aperture of the concentrator and outside the concentrator were monitored using mercury-in-glass thermometers. Results revealed that the rise in temperature of the absorber was much higher than that of the control, concentrator surface and ambient temperatures. The behavior of the system was similar for all the days, with the maximum temperatures obtained at the absorber between 12.30 hours and 14.30 hours (70 ºC to 96 ºC). The temperature of the collector varied between 43˚C and 45˚C while the ambient temperature varied slightly from about 30oC to 32oC. The results clearly showed that the designed solar concentrator was an effective solar cooker/solar furnace and could function better than most kerosene stoves which exude smoke and pollute the air. Collaborative working in groups also enhanced the acquisition of soft

Emerging trends in education reforms have continued to call for quality education that will foster the ability of learners to meet the challenges of the 21st century and encourage their participation in sustainable development issues. The wealth drawn from quality education form the basis to finding solutions to issues of national economy beginning from needs of rural people. The current economic recession in Nigeria radically challenges the system of education to shift from factory model of education to a more proactive system of education through PBL. Twenty secondary school students from Anambra State, Nigeria participated in the study. The study was an experiment that involved the participants in designing a solar concentrator using locally available materials. The students used the designed solar concentrator to generate high temperatures at the focal region of the concentrator where the absorber was positioned. The incoming solar radiation was measured periodically for four days using pyranometer between 8.00 to 18.00 hours. The temperatures of the concentrator surface, the focal region (the absorber), the control, the ambient, the air within the aperture of the concentrator and outside the concentrator were monitored using mercury-in-glass thermometers. Results revealed that the rise in temperature of the absorber was much higher than that of the control, concentrator surface and ambient temperatures. The behavior of the system was similar for all the days, with the maximum temperatures obtained at the absorber between 12.30 hours and 14.30 hours (70 ºC to 96 ºC). The temperature of the collector varied between 43˚C and 45˚C while the ambient temperature varied slightly from about 30oC to 32oC. The results clearly showed that the designed solar concentrator was an effective solar cooker/solar furnace and could function better than most kerosene stoves which exude smoke and pollute the air. Collaborative working in groups also enhanced the acquisition of soft

Emerging trends in education reforms have continued to call for quality education that will foster the ability of learners to meet the challenges of the 21st century and encourage their participation in sustainable development issues. The wealth drawn from quality education form the basis to finding solutions to issues of national economy beginning from needs of rural people. The current economic recession in Nigeria radically challenges the system of education to shift from factory model of education to a more proactive system of education through PBL. Twenty secondary school students from Anambra State, Nigeria participated in the study. The study was an experiment that involved the participants in designing a solar concentrator using locally available materials. The students used the designed solar concentrator to generate high temperatures at the focal region of the concentrator where the absorber was positioned. The incoming solar radiation was measured periodically for four days using pyranometer between 8.00 to 18.00 hours. The temperatures of the concentrator surface, the focal region (the absorber), the control, the ambient, the air within the aperture of the concentrator and outside the concentrator were monitored using mercury-in-glass thermometers. Results revealed that the rise in temperature of the absorber was much higher than that of the control, concentrator surface and ambient temperatures. The behavior of the system was similar for all the days, with the maximum temperatures obtained at the absorber between 12.30 hours and 14.30 hours (70 ºC to 96 ºC). The temperature of the collector varied between 43˚C and 45˚C while the ambient temperature varied slightly from about 30oC to 32oC. The results clearly showed that the designed solar concentrator was an effective solar cooker/solar furnace and could function better than most kerosene stoves which exude smoke and pollute the air. Collaborative working in groups also enhanced the acquisition of soft

Emerging trends in education reforms have continued to call for quality education that will foster the ability of learners to meet the challenges of the 21st century and encourage their participation in sustainable development issues. The wealth drawn from quality education form the basis to finding solutions to issues of national economy beginning from needs of rural people. The current economic recession in Nigeria radically challenges the system of education to shift from factory model of education to a more proactive system of education through PBL. Twenty secondary school students from Anambra State, Nigeria participated in the study. The study was an experiment that involved the participants in designing a solar concentrator using locally available materials. The students used the designed solar concentrator to generate high temperatures at the focal region of the concentrator where the absorber was positioned. The incoming solar radiation was measured periodically for four days using pyranometer between 8.00 to 18.00 hours. The temperatures of the concentrator surface, the focal region (the absorber), the control, the ambient, the air within the aperture of the concentrator and outside the concentrator were monitored using mercury-in-glass thermometers. Results revealed that the rise in temperature of the absorber was much higher than that of the control, concentrator surface and ambient temperatures. The behavior of the system was similar for all the days, with the maximum temperatures obtained at the absorber between 12.30 hours and 14.30 hours (70 ºC to 96 ºC). The temperature of the collector varied between 43˚C and 45˚C while the ambient temperature varied slightly from about 30oC to 32oC. The results clearly showed that the designed solar concentrator was an effective solar cooker/solar furnace and could function better than most kerosene stoves which exude smoke and pollute the air. Collaborative working in groups also enhanced the acquisition of soft

Emerging trends in education reforms have continued to call for quality education that will foster the ability of learners to meet the challenges of the 21st century and encourage their participation in sustainable development issues. The wealth drawn from quality education form the basis to finding solutions to issues of national economy beginning from needs of rural people. The current economic recession in Nigeria radically challenges the system of education to shift from factory model of education to a more proactive system of education through PBL. Twenty secondary school students from Anambra State, Nigeria participated in the study. The study was an experiment that involved the participants in designing a solar concentrator using locally available materials. The students used the designed solar concentrator to generate high temperatures at the focal region of the concentrator where the absorber was positioned. The incoming solar radiation was measured periodically for four days using pyranometer between 8.00 to 18.00 hours. The temperatures of the concentrator surface, the focal region (the absorber), the control, the ambient, the air within the aperture of the concentrator and outside the concentrator were monitored using mercury-in-glass thermometers. Results revealed that the rise in temperature of the absorber was much higher than that of the control, concentrator surface and ambient temperatures. The behavior of the system was similar for all the days, with the maximum temperatures obtained at the absorber between 12.30 hours and 14.30 hours (70 ºC to 96 ºC). The temperature of the collector varied between 43˚C and 45˚C while the ambient temperature varied slightly from about 30oC to 32oC. The results clearly showed that the designed solar concentrator was an effective solar cooker/solar furnace and could function better than most kerosene stoves which exude smoke and pollute the air. Collaborative working in groups also enhanced the acquisition of soft

Presented is the work on the manufacture of solar concentrator, the software part of which is implemented using the SolarOrientation package. The results of the implemented system efficiency are obtained., Представлены работы по изготовлению солнечного концентратора, программная часть которого реализована с помощью пакета SolarOrientation, получены результаты эффективности данной системы.

Solar energy is, according to many forecasts, one of the most promising branches of renewable energy. Throughout the world, research is under way and devices are being designed to convert and accumulate solar energy. In this article, work has been done on the manufacture of a solar concentrator, the software part of which is implemented using the SolarOrientation package, the results of the implemented system efficiency., Солнечная энергетика по многим прогнозам является одной из самых перспективных отраслей возобновляемой энергетики. Во всём мире проводятся исследования и проектируются устройства, с помощью которых удаётся преобразовывать и накапливать солнечную энергию. В настоящей статье проведены работы по изготовлению солнечного концентратора, программная часть которого реализована с помощью пакета SolarOrientation, получены результаты эффективности реализованной системы.

Space Systems Engineering, Earth Observation and Space Systems, Aerospace Engineering

A liquid crystal optical device that includes a first substrate layer that is substantially flat and a second substrate layer that is substantially flat and parallel to the first substrate layer. The liquid crystal optical device further includes a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer, where the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal is arranged in domains, each domain having a helical axis, wherein the helical axes of the domains have a plurality of orientations relative to an orientation of the first and second substrate layers, and where a wavefront of a light wave having a wavelength within a range of wavelengths changes after reflecting from the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal.

Space Systems Engineering, Earth Observation and Space Systems, Aerospace Engineering

Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of the human diet. Many developing countries such as Tanzania experience post-harvest losses of 40%, and there is little ability to preserve and store foods for off-season consumption due to expensive or unreliable energy and a lack of access to refrigeration. Alternatively, fruits and vegetables can be dehydrated using solar crop dryers. Because many developing countries are in tropical regions, properly dehydrating fruits and vegetables to moisture levels appropriate for storage and off-season consumption can be difficult. In an attempt to overcome the challenges of the high humidity, intermittent clouds, and haze often present in tropical climates, this paper investigates the effectiveness of adding a concave solar concentrator built from low-cost, locally available materials to a typical Tanzanian solar crop dryer. Two identical solar crop dryers were constructed, with one serving as the control and the other for testing the solar concentrator. Drying trials using Roma tomatoes with initial moisture content of approximately 90% were conducted in Davis, California (38° 32' 42″ N/121° 44' 21″ W) in various climatic conditions throughout the summer and fall. Tomatoes were considered dried at 10% moisture content. Temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were measured outside as well as within each of the dryers to determine how the addition of a solar concentrator can affect the drying rate of tomatoes in solar crop dryers. The concentrator proved to be effective, reducing drying time by 21% in addition to increasing internal dryer temperature and reducing relative humidity. An additional study on the quality of the fresh and dried tomatoes found that the pH, titratable acidity, color, Brix, lycopene, and vitamin C determined there was no significant difference in quality between tomatoes dried with and without the concentrator. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Transparent polymers are extensively used in everyday life, from windows to computer displays, from food packaging to lenses. A possible approach for modulating their optical properties (refractive index, transparency, color and luminescence) is to change the chemical structure of the polymer, however this option is in many cases economically prohibitive. Our approach, instead, relies in the use of standard polymers with the supplement of specific nanostructured additives able to tune the final property of the material. Among others, the cases of luminescent solar concentrators based on poly(methylmethacrylate) containing luminescent quantum dots and highly transparent polymer nanocomposites with high refractive index will be presented

Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of the human diet. Many developing countries such as Tanzania experience post-harvest losses of 40%, and there is little ability to preserve and store foods for off-season consumption due to expensive or unreliable energy and a lack of access to refrigeration. Alternatively, fruits and vegetables can be dehydrated using solar crop dryers. Because many developing countries are in tropical regions, properly dehydrating fruits and vegetables to moisture levels appropriate for storage and off-season consumption can be difficult. In an attempt to overcome the challenges of the high humidity, intermittent clouds, and haze often present in tropical climates, this paper investigates the effectiveness of adding a concave solar concentrator built from low-cost, locally available materials to a typical Tanzanian solar crop dryer. Two identical solar crop dryers were constructed, with one serving as the control and the other for testing the solar concentrator. Drying trials using Roma tomatoes with initial moisture content of approximately 90% were conducted in Davis, California (38° 32' 42″ N/121° 44' 21″ W) in various climatic conditions throughout the summer and fall. Tomatoes were considered dried at 10% moisture content. Temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were measured outside as well as within each of the dryers to determine how the addition of a solar concentrator can affect the drying rate of tomatoes in solar crop dryers. The concentrator proved to be effective, reducing drying time by 21% in addition to increasing internal dryer temperature and reducing relative humidity. An additional study on the quality of the fresh and dried tomatoes found that the pH, titratable acidity, color, Brix, lycopene, and vitamin C determined there was no significant difference in quality between tomatoes dried with and without the concentrator. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

This paper presents the development of a solar parabolic dish collector prototype rural areas with high solar resource availability in Colombia, which have no access to electricity service or budget to purchase a stove (electric or gas). The solar collector prototype propose a solution to solve these kinds of issues and use sunlight to work it. Through a polished stainless steel parabolic dish, solar radiation is concentrated into a specifi c area called focus, where thermal energy is generated and used for cooking or fulfi lling a necessity without high investment and helping the environment. To fi nish, it describes the decisive stages of the prototype implementation, which provides the solar resource analyzed in Colombia, the theoretical analysis, the structural design, the study, and manufacturing materials.

This paper presents the development of a solar parabolic dish collector prototype rural areas with high solar resource availability in Colombia, which have no access to electricity service or budget to purchase a stove (electric or gas). The solar collector prototype propose a solution to solve these kinds of issues and use sunlight to work it. Through a polished stainless steel parabolic dish, solar radiation is concentrated into a specifi c area called focus, where thermal energy is generated and used for cooking or fulfi lling a necessity without high investment and helping the environment. To fi nish, it describes the decisive stages of the prototype implementation, which provides the solar resource analyzed in Colombia, the theoretical analysis, the structural design, the study, and manufacturing materials.

The focus of this work is on the design and fabrication of novel optical devices that exploit gradients in refractive index to bend and redirect light with a new level of control. Optical devices have now entered every facet of modern life, and enormous potential exists to harness light in new or more efficient ways. One such potential application is cloaking, which allows an object to be hidden from optical detection. Such an effect can be achieved even at visible frequencies with a passive device that simply uses a gradient in refractive index.When light experiences a gradient in index it is effectively pushed or pulled in the direction of the gradient. The theory of transformation optics allows for gradient index optical devices to be designed by performing coordinate transformations to bend and deform a virtual optical space. In this way we can push or pull on a virtual space such that it is deformed in the desired manner, and then calculate the gradients in refractive index required to push and pull light so that it behaves as if it is in the virtual space. These devices can achieve interesting optical effects, such as optical cloaking and perfect light concentration. The limit to the technique of transformation optics, however, is the fabrication of the designed devices. Transformed devices often require anisotropy, magnetic resonance, and large changes in refractive index in arbitrary profiles. To address this issue we develop additional theory to reduce these requirements, and several fabrication techniques are explored, beginning with traditional nanolithography and then moving to larger scale electro-chemical processes. The key to fabrication of transformation optics devices is the effective medium theory, which states that if the components of a composite material are deep sub-wavelength, the material gains the effective properties of the mixture of its components. We have focused on porous silicon-based materials where the pore size is deep sub-wavelengt

The focus of this work is on the design and fabrication of novel optical devices that exploit gradients in refractive index to bend and redirect light with a new level of control. Optical devices have now entered every facet of modern life, and enormous potential exists to harness light in new or more efficient ways. One such potential application is cloaking, which allows an object to be hidden from optical detection. Such an effect can be achieved even at visible frequencies with a passive device that simply uses a gradient in refractive index.When light experiences a gradient in index it is effectively pushed or pulled in the direction of the gradient. The theory of transformation optics allows for gradient index optical devices to be designed by performing coordinate transformations to bend and deform a virtual optical space. In this way we can push or pull on a virtual space such that it is deformed in the desired manner, and then calculate the gradients in refractive index required to push and pull light so that it behaves as if it is in the virtual space. These devices can achieve interesting optical effects, such as optical cloaking and perfect light concentration. The limit to the technique of transformation optics, however, is the fabrication of the designed devices. Transformed devices often require anisotropy, magnetic resonance, and large changes in refractive index in arbitrary profiles. To address this issue we develop additional theory to reduce these requirements, and several fabrication techniques are explored, beginning with traditional nanolithography and then moving to larger scale electro-chemical processes. The key to fabrication of transformation optics devices is the effective medium theory, which states that if the components of a composite material are deep sub-wavelength, the material gains the effective properties of the mixture of its components. We have focused on porous silicon-based materials where the pore size is deep sub-wavelengt

This research proposal was created with the objective of promoting educational activities that generate in communities with low coverage of potable water and energy, attitudes and actions that enable them to cope with the challenges they face. One way to solve this kind of problems is the use of solar energy as an energy source. Solar concentrator shave been widely deployed to provide potable water, energy for cooking, among others. We hoped that through the use of basic physical concepts of radiometry, communities take ownership of the solar concentrator technologies. For this purpose, we performed a literature review in the area of alternative energy in Latin America, focusing on educational technologies and used, in order to assess the relevance of repeating them in our context. Similarly statistically contrasted territories deficient in basic services, compared to regions of high solar energy, where were found the most relevant places to the use of such technological tools,which helps to remedy the short comings mentioned above., La presente propuesta investigativa surge con el objetivo de promover espacios educativos que generen en las poblaciones con bajos índices de cubrimiento o sin servicio de agua potable y energía, actitudes y acciones que les permitan mejorar su calidad de vida, y mediante el uso de conceptos físico básicos de radiometría disponer a las comunidades para la apropiación de tecnologías de concentración solar; con este objeto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el área de energías alternativas en Iberoamérica, para evaluar la pertinencia de su réplica en nuestro contexto. Del mismo modo se contrastó estadísticamente los territorios que presentan deficiencia en los servicios básicos, respecto a regiones de alto contenido energético solar, donde se encontraron las zonas más pertinentes para la utilización de dichas herramientas tecnológicas que contribuyen a remediar las falencias anteriormente mencionadas.

This research proposal was created with the objective of promoting educational activities that generate in communities with low coverage of potable water and energy, attitudes and actions that enable them to cope with the challenges they face. One way to solve this kind of problems is the use of solar energy as an energy source. Solar concentrator shave been widely deployed to provide potable water, energy for cooking, among others. We hoped that through the use of basic physical concepts of radiometry, communities take ownership of the solar concentrator technologies. For this purpose, we performed a literature review in the area of alternative energy in Latin America, focusing on educational technologies and used, in order to assess the relevance of repeating them in our context. Similarly statistically contrasted territories deficient in basic services, compared to regions of high solar energy, where were found the most relevant places to the use of such technological tools,which helps to remedy the short comings mentioned above., La presente propuesta investigativa surge con el objetivo de promover espacios educativos que generen en las poblaciones con bajos índices de cubrimiento o sin servicio de agua potable y energía, actitudes y acciones que les permitan mejorar su calidad de vida, y mediante el uso de conceptos físico básicos de radiometría disponer a las comunidades para la apropiación de tecnologías de concentración solar; con este objeto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el área de energías alternativas en Iberoamérica, para evaluar la pertinencia de su réplica en nuestro contexto. Del mismo modo se contrastó estadísticamente los territorios que presentan deficiencia en los servicios básicos, respecto a regiones de alto contenido energético solar, donde se encontraron las zonas más pertinentes para la utilización de dichas herramientas tecnológicas que contribuyen a remediar las falencias anteriormente mencionadas.

In order to reduce the energy losses caused by shadow lines, three options are investigated. These are: 1. the use of two types of diodes; 2. the use of an ”ideal” diode based an active bypass by using MOS-FET’s [4] and 3. parallel switching of a number of cells between two shadow lines. The first method can reduce the voltage losses of the diode to about 300mV when oversized Schottky diodes are used. With the second method it is possible to reduce the voltage losses further to about 60mV for FETs with a resistance of 3m(omega). This method has as disadvantage that more electronic components are required to control the FET. With the third method about 10 cells are placed in parallel in one module. In that case only one shadow line appears on each module. Series connection of these parallel modules will result in zero energy losses because no bypass diodes are needed at all. This method has as a disadvantage of very high current output of the module of up to 200A. In a model, the three methods are further analyzed with respect of power losses and costs. The effect of the degree of shadowing on the daily energy yield and hence the fill factor is simulated with a model of the PV module. These results can be used in the design of the circuit of the ideal bypass diode.

The General objective of this work is to develop a methodology to build a team of solar concentration for the generation of thermal power required for the tropical fruit product industrialization: pineapple. We identified the stages where the thermal power was the main energy required, in addition to the quantification of energy demand, estimating the cost of implementation of the coupling of a solar concentrator with one reflecting surface less than 11 m2 and considering a financing option. It intends the coupling of a segmented solar concentrator, allowing its theoretical capacity of solar concentration to obtain temperatures close to 650 ° C, sufficient for the needs of some teams that take part in the process of "two diameters" to obtain processed pineapple., El Objetivo General de este trabajo es desarrollar una metodología para acoplar un equipo de concentración solar para la generación de la potencia térmica requerida para la industrialización del producto frutícola tropical: piña. Se identificaron las etapas donde la potencia térmica era el principal energético requerido, además de la cuantificación de la energía demandada, estimando el costo de implementación del acoplamiento de un concentrador solar escalonado con una superficie reflejante menor a los 11 m2 y planteando una opción de financiamiento. Se propone el acoplamiento de un concentrador solar segmentado, ya que su capacidad teórica de concentración solar permite obtener temperaturas cercanas a los 650° C, suficientes para las necesidades de algunos equipos que intervienen en el proceso de los “dos diámetros” para la obtención de piña procesada.

The General objective of this work is to develop a methodology to build a team of solar concentration for the generation of thermal power required for the tropical fruit product industrialization: pineapple. We identified the stages where the thermal power was the main energy required, in addition to the quantification of energy demand, estimating the cost of implementation of the coupling of a solar concentrator with one reflecting surface less than 11 m2 and considering a financing option. It intends the coupling of a segmented solar concentrator, allowing its theoretical capacity of solar concentration to obtain temperatures close to 650 ° C, sufficient for the needs of some teams that take part in the process of "two diameters" to obtain processed pineapple., El Objetivo General de este trabajo es desarrollar una metodología para acoplar un equipo de concentración solar para la generación de la potencia térmica requerida para la industrialización del producto frutícola tropical: piña. Se identificaron las etapas donde la potencia térmica era el principal energético requerido, además de la cuantificación de la energía demandada, estimando el costo de implementación del acoplamiento de un concentrador solar escalonado con una superficie reflejante menor a los 11 m2 y planteando una opción de financiamiento. Se propone el acoplamiento de un concentrador solar segmentado, ya que su capacidad teórica de concentración solar permite obtener temperaturas cercanas a los 650° C, suficientes para las necesidades de algunos equipos que intervienen en el proceso de los “dos diámetros” para la obtención de piña procesada.

This paper discusses results of image processing of solar thruster images for use in controlling a solar concentrator. Video capture images of an SRS solar thruster are analyzed to determine focal spot parameters and the best method of determining placement of the solar focal spot to provide maximum power transfer to the thruster. Since the intensity of the light is distorted by shadows and specular reflection, location of the focal spot is non-trivial with absorber information obscured in the specular reflection, that focal spot information needs to be de-convolved using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) from the scattering distribution of the thruster absorber. The paper discusses characterizing the specular reflection of the thruster secondary concentrator and discusses its effect on the determination of focal spot location.

Integrating a concentrator into the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) design has resulted in a new technology known as the building integrated concentrating photovoltaic (BICPV). The rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC) is an example of a concentrator design that has been explored for use in BICPV. This paper evaluates the life cycle assessment (LCA) for the RACPC-PV module, which has never been explored before. The LCA of the RACPC-PV module has found a cost reduction of 29.09% and a reduction of 11.76% of embodied energy material manufacture when compared to a conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) module. The energy payback time for an RACPC-PV and a conventional PV was calculated to be 8.01 and 6.63 years, respectively. Moreover, the energy return on investment ratio was calculated to be 3.12 for a conventional PV and 3.77 for an RACPC-PV.

This paper presents the experimental investigation of a novel cross-compound parabolic concentrator (CCPC). For the first time, a CCPC module was designed to simultaneously work as an electricity generator and collect the thermal energy present in the module which is generated due to the incident irradiation. This CCPC module consists of two regions: an absorber surface atop the rig and a reflective region below that to reflect the irradiation onto the photovoltaic (PV) cell, coupled together to form an absorptive/reflective CCPC (AR-CCPC) module. A major issue in the use of PV cells is the decrease in electrical conversion efficiency with the increase in cell temperature. This module employs an active cooling system to decrease the PV cell temperature, optimizing the electrical performance and absorbing the heat generated within the module. This system was found to have an overall efficiency of 63%, which comprises the summation of the electrical and thermal efficiency posed by the AR-CCPC module.

A crossed compound parabolic concentrator (CCPC) is a non-imaging concentrator which is a modified form of a circular 3D compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) obtained by orthogonal intersection of two 2D CPCs that have an optical efficiency in line with that of 3D CPC. The present work is about the design and fabrication of a new generation of solar concentrator: the hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/thermal absorptive/reflective CCPC module. The module has a 4{D7} CCPC structure truncated to have a concentration of 3.6{D7} with a half acceptance angle of 30{deg}. Furthermore, an experimental rig was also fabricated to test the performance of the module and its feasibility in real applications such as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). 3D printing and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling technologies were utilized to manufacture the absorber and reflective parts of the module.

This paper describes a novel type of solar concentrator - a rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC). The RACPC aims at addressing the following objectives: (i) to increase the electrical output of a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system by providing sufficient concentration gain; (ii) to minimise the usage of the PV material with the corresponding reduction of CPV system cost, and (iii) to eliminate the requirement of mechanical tracking by providing a wide field-of-view. This paper first provides a short review on variations of compound parabolic concentrator designs available to date. Next, the process of designing the RACPC is presented and the geometrical concentration gain of the concentrator is discussed. In addition, the optical concentration gain is also presented for various angles of incidence. Through simulations, it is demonstrated that the RACPC can provide significant optical concentration gains within its designed acceptance angle. An RACPC based system is an attractive alternative to conventional solar photovoltaic systems.

This paper presents a mirror symmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator (MSDTIRC). Here, its electrical and optical performances are investigated for building integrated photovoltaic applications. This concentrator is designed to tackle two issues: (i) providing sufficient gain in order to increase the electrical output of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system and (ii) reducing the size of the PV cell needed, hence minimising the cost of the system. These experiments carried out had the objective of investigating the characteristics of the cell with the concentrator, the angular performance of the structure, and the effect of temperature on the cell. In each case, the current-voltage (I- V) characteristics and the power-voltage (P- V) characteristics are plotted and analysed. An outdoor experiment was also conducted to verify the results obtained from the indoor experiments. The MSDTIRC-PV structure is capable of providing a maximum power concentration of 4.2× when compared to a similar cell without the concentrator. The deviation of the concentration factor from the geometrical concentration gain (4.9×), is mainly due to manufacturing errors, mismatch losses and thermal losses.

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources that has shown promising potential in addressing the world's energy needs, particularly via the solar PV (photovoltaic) technology. However, the high cost of installation is still being considered as the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of solar PV system. The use of solar concentrators is one of the solutions that could help to produce lower cost solar PV systems. One of the existing concentrator designs is known as the RADTIRC (rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator) which was developed in GCU (Glasgow Caledonian University) since 2010. This paper aims at optimising the existing RADTIRC prototype by increasing its electrical output whilst keeping the cost of the system at minimum. This is achieved by adopting a better material and a different technique to fabricate the concentrator. The optimised RADTIRC prototype was fabricated from PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) using injection moulding. It was found that the optimised RADTIRC-PV prototype generated an opto-electronic gain of 4.48 when compared with the bare cell under STC (standard test conditions). A comparison with the old prototype showed that the optimised RADTIRC-PV prototype increased the short circuit current by 13.57% under STC.

The race towards achieving a sustainable zero carbon building has spurred the introduction of many new technologies, including the BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) system. To tackle the high capital cost of BIPV systems, LCPV (low-concentration photovoltaic) technology was developed. Besides the reduction of cost, the LCPV technology also produces clean energy for the building and promotes innovative architectural design. This paper presents a novel type of concentrator for BIPV systems. This concentrator, known as the RADTIRC (rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator), was incorporated in a small double glazing window. The RADTIRC has a geometrical concentration ratio of 4.9069x. A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the solar PV window both indoors and outdoors. It was found that the RADTIRC-PV window increases the short circuit current by 4.13x when compared with a non-concentrating solar PV window. In terms of maximum power generation, the RADTIRC-PV window generates 0.749 W at normal incidence, 4.8x higher than the non-concentrating counterpart.

The low-concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system has been identified as one of the potential solutions in lowering the overall installation cost of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system. This paper evaluates the performance of a novel type of LCPV concentrator known as the rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC). A specific RACPC design with a geometrical concentration ratio of 3.6675× was fabricated and integrated with a 1. cm by 1. cm monocrystalline laser grooved buried contact silicon solar cell. This design was tested indoors to evaluate its current-voltage (. I-. V), angular response and thermal characteristics. Under standard test conditions, it was found that the RACPC increases the short circuit current by 3.01× and the maximum power by 3.33× when compared with a bare solar cell. The opto-electronic gain from the experiment showed good agreement when compared with the simulation results, with a deviation of 11%.

This paper describes a novel type of solar concentrator - a mirror symmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator (MSDTIRC). This new concentrator type has been designed to satisfy the following objectives: (i) to provide optimum gain in two different planes, therefore increasing the electrical output of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, and (ii) to reduce the amount of the PV cell material needed, hence minimising the cost of the system. The concentrator is capable of having two different acceptance angles on different planes. The procedure of designing an MSDTIRC is explained and the geometrical properties are analysed in detail. In addition, the optical concentration gain is presented for various angles of incidence. Through simulation results, it is demonstrated that the MSDTIRC provides significant optical concentration gain within its acceptance angle, as high as 13.54× when compared with non-concentrating solar cell. It can be concluded that the MSDTIRC can be a way to produce a low cost solar PV system and can be chosen as an alternative design for the BIPV systems.

Solar energy has demonstrated promising prospects in satisfying energy requirements, specifically through solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Despite that, the cost of installation is deemed as the main hurdle to the widespread uptake of solar PV systems due to the use of expensive PV material in the module. At this point, we argue that a reduction in PV cost could be achieved through the usage of concentrator—which are commonly produced from polymers. A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the collection of sun rays and focusing them onto a lesser PV area. The cost of the solar module could then be reduced on the assumption that the cost of introducing the solar concentrator in the solar module design is much lower than the cost of the removed PV material. Static concentrators, in particular, have great promise due to their ability to be integrated at any place of the building, usually on the building facade, windows and roof, due to their low geometrical concentration. This paper provides a historic context on the development of solar concentrators and showcases the latest technological development in static photovoltaic concentrators including non-imaging compound parabolic concentrator, V-trough, luminescent solar concentrator and quantum dot concentrator. We anticipated that the static low concentrating PV (LCPV) system could serve to enhance the penetration of PV technology in the long run to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7—to open an avenue to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030.

Cieľom práce bolo vytvorenie automatického polohovacieho systému, s optikou na koncentráciu žiarenia a telesom na jeho zber, ktorý je schopný sledovať slnko po oblohe prostredníctvom kamery. Na začiatku sú popísané koncentrátorové systémy a pohyb slnka z perspektívy pozorovateľa. Nasleduje popis rôznych potenciálnych komponentov potrebných k prevádzke systému. Posledná časť sa zaoberá implementáciou vybraných komponentov k fungovaniu ako celku, overením funkčnosti presným sledovaním slnka po oblohe a zmeraním výkonu koncentrátorového systému s automatickým natáčaním., The aim of the work was to create an automatic positioning system, with optics for radiation concentration and a body for its collection, by monitoring the sun across the sky using a camera. At the beginning are introduced the concentrator systems and the movement of the sun from the perspective of the observer. Follows description of the various potential components which requires a functional system. The last part deal with the implementation of selected components for operation as a whole system, verification of functionality by accurate tracking of the sun across the sky and measuring the performance of the concentrator system with automatic positioning.

Cieľom práce bolo vytvorenie automatického polohovacieho systému, s optikou na koncentráciu žiarenia a telesom na jeho zber, ktorý je schopný sledovať slnko po oblohe prostredníctvom kamery. Na začiatku sú popísané koncentrátorové systémy a pohyb slnka z perspektívy pozorovateľa. Nasleduje popis rôznych potenciálnych komponentov potrebných k prevádzke systému. Posledná časť sa zaoberá implementáciou vybraných komponentov k fungovaniu ako celku, overením funkčnosti presným sledovaním slnka po oblohe a zmeraním výkonu koncentrátorového systému s automatickým natáčaním., The aim of the work was to create an automatic positioning system, with optics for radiation concentration and a body for its collection, by monitoring the sun across the sky using a camera. At the beginning are introduced the concentrator systems and the movement of the sun from the perspective of the observer. Follows description of the various potential components which requires a functional system. The last part deal with the implementation of selected components for operation as a whole system, verification of functionality by accurate tracking of the sun across the sky and measuring the performance of the concentrator system with automatic positioning.

Diplomová práce se zabývá současnými technologiemi využití sluneční energie, zejména solárními koncentrátory, a možnostmi aplikace systémů pro sledování polohy slunce za účelem maximalizace energetického zisku těchto zařízení. Rovněž pojednává o algoritmu výpočtu polohy slunce a předkládá návrh automatického sledovače založeného na platformě Arduino, který umožňuje automatické otáčení různých druhů solárních zařízení pomocí krokových motorů, stejnosměrných motorů nebo servomotorů, a to na základě vypočítané polohy slunce nebo dle skutečné intenzity osvětlení., This master’s thesis is focused on current possibilities of solar energy utilization – especially on concentrating solar power systems – and their optimization using solar tracking systems to maximize energy gain. The thesis also deals with solar position algorithm and offers an Arduino based automatic dual axis solar tracker design which provides various solar devices the ability to pivot using stepper motors, DC motors or servos. The motion might be driven by calculated solar position or by actual illuminance.

V této diplomové práci jsem se zabýval problematikou vývoje ostrovního solárního systému. Tento systém zajišťuje dodávku veškeré potřebné energie do referenčního rodinného domu. Skládá se ze solárního koncentrátoru a tepelného zásobníku. K řešení této problematiky jsem využil matematických modelů. Provedené výpočty ukázaly, že při koncentrování slunečního záření do tepelného zásobníku lze běžně dosáhnout účinnosti 69 %. V případě použití velmi reflektivních materiálů u solárního koncentrátoru může být účinnost i vyšší. V rámci diplomové práce je tepelný zásobník popsán a je navrhnuto jeho zdokonalení na základě optimalizačních výpočtů. Díky vědomostem získaným při řešení této problematiky dojde následně k sestavení prototypu ostrovního systému. Na něm budou experimentálně ověřeny veškeré poznatky., In this thesis I deal with the issue of stand-alone solar system development. This system ensures the supply of all the energy needed for a reference house. It consists of a solar concentrator and a heat reservoir. I used mathematical models to solve this issue. The calculations showed, that the concentration of solar radiation into the heat reservoir can usually achieve 69 % efficiency. The efficiency can be even higher when using a very reflective materials of the solar concentrator. In this thesis, the thermal reservoir is described and its improvements are suggested based on the optimization calculations. Thanks to knowledge gained during solving this issue, a prototype of the stand-alone solar system is going to be built. All findings will be experimentally verified with this prototype.

Cieľom práce bolo vytvorenie automatického polohovacieho systému, s optikou na koncentráciu žiarenia a telesom na jeho zber, ktorý je schopný sledovať slnko po oblohe prostredníctvom kamery. Na začiatku sú popísané koncentrátorové systémy a pohyb slnka z perspektívy pozorovateľa. Nasleduje popis rôznych potenciálnych komponentov potrebných k prevádzke systému. Posledná časť sa zaoberá implementáciou vybraných komponentov k fungovaniu ako celku, overením funkčnosti presným sledovaním slnka po oblohe a zmeraním výkonu koncentrátorového systému s automatickým natáčaním., The aim of the work was to create an automatic positioning system, with optics for radiation concentration and a body for its collection, by monitoring the sun across the sky using a camera. At the beginning are introduced the concentrator systems and the movement of the sun from the perspective of the observer. Follows description of the various potential components which requires a functional system. The last part deal with the implementation of selected components for operation as a whole system, verification of functionality by accurate tracking of the sun across the sky and measuring the performance of the concentrator system with automatic positioning.

Témou tejto bakalárskej práce sú solárne aplikácie s koncentrátorovými prvkami. V tejto práci sú popísané teoretické znalosti jednotlivých typov koncentrátorových systémov, história ich vývoja, rozdelenie, popis systémov, ekonomika a ich využitie. Táto práca tiež obsahuje základné znalosti o slnečnom žiarení využiteľného pre koncentrátorové systémy, jeho rozdelenie a možnosti využitia v našom okolí. V praktickej časti je navrhnutý model solárneho koncentrátora, popis realizácie a následné merania na skonštruovanom modeli., The subject of this bachelor thesis are solar applications with concentrator elements. In the thesis are described theoretical knowledges of various types of concetrator systems, development history, separation, system description, economy and usage of concentrator systems. Basic information about solar irradiation, which is useful for concentrator systems, it's separation and the possibilities of using in our enviroment are also described in the thesis. In practical part is designed model of solar concentrator, a description of realization and following measurements on constructed model.

V této diplomové práci jsem se zabýval problematikou vývoje ostrovního solárního systému. Tento systém zajišťuje dodávku veškeré potřebné energie do referenčního rodinného domu. Skládá se ze solárního koncentrátoru a tepelného zásobníku. K řešení této problematiky jsem využil matematických modelů. Provedené výpočty ukázaly, že při koncentrování slunečního záření do tepelného zásobníku lze běžně dosáhnout účinnosti 69 %. V případě použití velmi reflektivních materiálů u solárního koncentrátoru může být účinnost i vyšší. V rámci diplomové práce je tepelný zásobník popsán a je navrhnuto jeho zdokonalení na základě optimalizačních výpočtů. Díky vědomostem získaným při řešení této problematiky dojde následně k sestavení prototypu ostrovního systému. Na něm budou experimentálně ověřeny veškeré poznatky., In this thesis I deal with the issue of stand-alone solar system development. This system ensures the supply of all the energy needed for a reference house. It consists of a solar concentrator and a heat reservoir. I used mathematical models to solve this issue. The calculations showed, that the concentration of solar radiation into the heat reservoir can usually achieve 69 % efficiency. The efficiency can be even higher when using a very reflective materials of the solar concentrator. In this thesis, the thermal reservoir is described and its improvements are suggested based on the optimization calculations. Thanks to knowledge gained during solving this issue, a prototype of the stand-alone solar system is going to be built. All findings will be experimentally verified with this prototype.

Témou tejto bakalárskej práce sú solárne aplikácie s koncentrátorovými prvkami. V tejto práci sú popísané teoretické znalosti jednotlivých typov koncentrátorových systémov, história ich vývoja, rozdelenie, popis systémov, ekonomika a ich využitie. Táto práca tiež obsahuje základné znalosti o slnečnom žiarení využiteľného pre koncentrátorové systémy, jeho rozdelenie a možnosti využitia v našom okolí. V praktickej časti je navrhnutý model solárneho koncentrátora, popis realizácie a následné merania na skonštruovanom modeli., The subject of this bachelor thesis are solar applications with concentrator elements. In the thesis are described theoretical knowledges of various types of concetrator systems, development history, separation, system description, economy and usage of concentrator systems. Basic information about solar irradiation, which is useful for concentrator systems, it's separation and the possibilities of using in our enviroment are also described in the thesis. In practical part is designed model of solar concentrator, a description of realization and following measurements on constructed model.

Témou tejto bakalárskej práce sú solárne aplikácie s koncentrátorovými prvkami. V tejto práci sú popísané teoretické znalosti jednotlivých typov koncentrátorových systémov, história ich vývoja, rozdelenie, popis systémov, ekonomika a ich využitie. Táto práca tiež obsahuje základné znalosti o slnečnom žiarení využiteľného pre koncentrátorové systémy, jeho rozdelenie a možnosti využitia v našom okolí. V praktickej časti je navrhnutý model solárneho koncentrátora, popis realizácie a následné merania na skonštruovanom modeli., The subject of this bachelor thesis are solar applications with concentrator elements. In the thesis are described theoretical knowledges of various types of concetrator systems, development history, separation, system description, economy and usage of concentrator systems. Basic information about solar irradiation, which is useful for concentrator systems, it's separation and the possibilities of using in our enviroment are also described in the thesis. In practical part is designed model of solar concentrator, a description of realization and following measurements on constructed model.