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1. Global research priorities on COVID-19 for maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health

Author

Ahmed, ASMNU, Maamri, A, Falade, AG, Ayede, AI, Bhutta, A, Gambhir, A, Tagarro, A, Abdelmegeid, A, Ahmadi, AR, Barros, AJD, Mekasha, A, Srinivasaiyer, AK, Araujo da Silva, AR, Schultz, A, Fatima, B, Dhar, B, Magowan, B, Wills, B, Raynes-Greenow, C, Homer, C, Maclennan, C, Ward, C, Garcia, DM, Ross, D, Murdoch, D, Wilson, DJ, Adejuyigbe, E, Stasii, E, Scudder, E, Sacks, E, McCollum, ED, Althabe, F, Russell, F, Kumar, GS, Sommerfelt, H, Graham, H, Blencowe, H, Tappis, H, Saloojee, H, Ben Masaud, HA, Tiwary, H, Asiodu, I, Newton, JB, Bourdaire, J, Adze, JA, Martines, J, Lozano, JM, Walson, J, Rankin, J, Allegaert, K, Pelle, KG, Edmond, K, Rabiei, K, Rasmussen, KM, Yunis, K, Ferguson, L, Greenslade, L, Kiapi, L, Noguchi, L, Bont, L, Day, LT, Mofenson, L, Aboumayaleh, M, Aquzouz, M, Wahba, M, Nagai, M, Knight, M, Melkumova, M, Jenyfa, M, Neuman, MI, Meremikwu, M, Kinney, M, Gravett, M, Hawkes, MT, Pacque, M, Walsh, M, McGuire, MK, AlShawafi, NA, Khuri-Bulos, N, Thacker, N, Rollins, N, Kissoon, N, Starets, O, Picone, O, Oladapo, OT, Erdeve, O, Smith, PB, Van de Perre, P, Kumar, P, Mangtani, P, Abbas, Q, Khatoon, R, Bahl, R, Lodha, R, Grais, R, Richards-Kortum, R, Rasaily, R, Aryeetey, R, Pattinson, R, Petrucci, R, Rossi, R, Pace, RM, Yoshida, S, Walani, SR, Godakandage, SSP, Bauler, S, Comstock, SS, Basu, S, Kebede, S, Saha, S, Bhatnagar, S, Lee, SK, Gupta, S, Antara, SN, Downe, S, Freedman, S, Lye, SJ, Miller, S, Sulimani, S, Ley, SH, Mangal, TD, Lavin, T, Shi, T, Florin, TA, Sundekilde, UK, Baltag, V, Valdes, V, Cherniak, W, Bin Nisar, Y, Shamszai, ZZ, Navabi, ZS, Ahmed, ASMNU, Maamri, A, Falade, AG, Ayede, AI, Bhutta, A, Gambhir, A, Tagarro, A, Abdelmegeid, A, Ahmadi, AR, Barros, AJD, Mekasha, A, Srinivasaiyer, AK, Araujo da Silva, AR, Schultz, A, Fatima, B, Dhar, B, Magowan, B, Wills, B, Raynes-Greenow, C, Homer, C, Maclennan, C, Ward, C, Garcia, DM, Ross, D, Murdoch, D, Wilson, DJ, Adejuyigbe, E, Stasii, E, Scudder, E, Sacks, E, McCollum, ED, Althabe, F, Russell, F, Kumar, GS, Sommerfelt, H, Graham, H, Blencowe, H, Tappis, H, Saloojee, H, Ben Masaud, HA, Tiwary, H, Asiodu, I, Newton, JB, Bourdaire, J, Adze, JA, Martines, J, Lozano, JM, Walson, J, Rankin, J, Allegaert, K, Pelle, KG, Edmond, K, Rabiei, K, Rasmussen, KM, Yunis, K, Ferguson, L, Greenslade, L, Kiapi, L, Noguchi, L, Bont, L, Day, LT, Mofenson, L, Aboumayaleh, M, Aquzouz, M, Wahba, M, Nagai, M, Knight, M, Melkumova, M, Jenyfa, M, Neuman, MI, Meremikwu, M, Kinney, M, Gravett, M, Hawkes, MT, Pacque, M, Walsh, M, McGuire, MK, AlShawafi, NA, Khuri-Bulos, N, Thacker, N, Rollins, N, Kissoon, N, Starets, O, Picone, O, Oladapo, OT, Erdeve, O, Smith, PB, Van de Perre, P, Kumar, P, Mangtani, P, Abbas, Q, Khatoon, R, Bahl, R, Lodha, R, Grais, R, Richards-Kortum, R, Rasaily, R, Aryeetey, R, Pattinson, R, Petrucci, R, Rossi, R, Pace, RM, Yoshida, S, Walani, SR, Godakandage, SSP, Bauler, S, Comstock, SS, Basu, S, Kebede, S, Saha, S, Bhatnagar, S, Lee, SK, Gupta, S, Antara, SN, Downe, S, Freedman, S, Lye, SJ, Miller, S, Sulimani, S, Ley, SH, Mangal, TD, Lavin, T, Shi, T, Florin, TA, Sundekilde, UK, Baltag, V, Valdes, V, Cherniak, W, Bin Nisar, Y, Shamszai, ZZ, and Navabi, ZS

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This research prioritization aimed to identify major research gaps in maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (MNCAH) to help mitigate the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology. We defined scope, domains, themes and scoring criteria. We approached diverse global experts via email to submit their research ideas in MNCAH and MNCAH-related cross-cutting/health systems area. We curated the research ideas as research questions (RQs) and sent them to the consenting experts for scoring via the online link. For each RQ, the research priority score (RPS) was calculated as an average of individual criterion scores and ranked based on RPS in each area. RESULTS: We identified top-ranked 10 RQs in each maternal, newborn, and child and adolescent health and 5 in the cross-cutting/health systems area. In maternal health, indirect effects on care, measures to improve care, health risks and outcomes, and preventing and managing SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease were priority RQs. In newborn health, clinical characterization and managing SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease, mode of transmission and interventions to prevent transmission were the focus. For child and adolescent health, top-ranked RQs were indirect effects on care, clinical status and outcomes, interventions to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease, and educational institute-related RQs. The cross-cutting RQs were the effects of the pandemic on availability, access, care-seeking and utilization of MNCAH services and potential solutions. CONCLUSIONS: We call on partners, including governments, non-governmental organizations, research institutes, and donors, to address this urgent research agenda.

Published
2021

2. Effects of diverse laser parameters at 9.3 um on soft tissue and bone

Author

Wilder-Smith, PB, Wilder-Smith, PB, Arrastia-Jitosho, AMA, Dang, J, Liaw, LHL, Schell, MJ, Berns, MW, Wilder-Smith, PB, Wilder-Smith, PB, Arrastia-Jitosho, AMA, Dang, J, Liaw, LHL, Schell, MJ, and Berns, MW

Abstract

These investigations were performed to determine thermal, histological and incisional effects in soft tissue of laser irradiation at 9.3 um. Specifically, the consequences of varying pulse duration, interval and frequency, peak and average powers and energy densities were studied. In fresh pig's jaws, 6 standardized incisions, 3 cm in length, were made per parameter using a template and motorized jig. Incisions were made at various standardized anatomical sites, and surface thermal events monitored using an IR camera. Laser parameters investigated: power: 1 - 11 W, duty cycle: 10 - 90%, Pulse duration: 1 - 200 ms, at gated continuous wave. Superpulse and OptiPulse TM modes with 300 us pulses were also investigated. Incision width and depth as well as collateral tissue effects were assessed statistically. They were directly related to the parameters used. Ease of incision and effects on underlying bone were also parameter-related.

Published
1996

3. Effects of diverse laser parameters at 9.3 um on soft tissue and bone

Author

Wilder-Smith, PB, Wigdor, Harvey A1, Featherstone, John DB, White, Joel M, Neev, Joseph, Wilder-Smith, PB, Arrastia-Jitosho, AMA, Dang, J, Liaw, LHL, Schell, MJ, Berns, MW, Wilder-Smith, PB, Wigdor, Harvey A1, Featherstone, John DB, White, Joel M, Neev, Joseph, Wilder-Smith, PB, Arrastia-Jitosho, AMA, Dang, J, Liaw, LHL, Schell, MJ, and Berns, MW

Abstract

These investigations were performed to determine thermal, histological and incisional effects in soft tissue of laser irradiation at 9.3 um. Specifically, the consequences of varying pulse duration, interval and frequency, peak and average powers and energy densities were studied. In fresh pig's jaws, 6 standardized incisions, 3 cm in length, were made per parameter using a template and motorized jig. Incisions were made at various standardized anatomical sites, and surface thermal events monitored using an IR camera. Laser parameters investigated: power: 1 - 11 W, duty cycle: 10 - 90%, Pulse duration: 1 - 200 ms, at gated continuous wave. Superpulse and OptiPulse TM modes with 300 us pulses were also investigated. Incision width and depth as well as collateral tissue effects were assessed statistically. They were directly related to the parameters used. Ease of incision and effects on underlying bone were also parameter-related.

Published
1996

4. Culture and the distinctiveness motive: Constructing identity in individualistic and collectivistic contexts

Author

Becker, M., Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Brown, R., Smith, Pb, Easterbrook, M., Herman, G., De Sauvage, I., Bourguignon, D., Torres, A., Camino, L., Lemos, F. C. S., Ferreira, M. C., Koller, S. H., González, R., Carrasco, D, Cadena, M. P., Lay, S., Wang, Q., Bond, M. H., Trujillo, Ev, Balanta, P., Valk, A., Mekonnen, K. H., Nizharadze, G., Fülöp, M., Regalia, Camillo, Manzi, Claudia, Brambilla, Maria, Harb, C., Aldhafri, S., Martin, M., Macapagal, M. E. J., Chybicka, A., Gavreliuc, A., Buitendach, J., Gallo, I. S., Özgen, E., Güner, Ü. E., Yamakoğlu, N., Regalia, Camillo (ORCID:0000-0001-6888-0719), Manzi, Claudia (ORCID:0000-0002-0742-731X), Becker, M., Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Brown, R., Smith, Pb, Easterbrook, M., Herman, G., De Sauvage, I., Bourguignon, D., Torres, A., Camino, L., Lemos, F. C. S., Ferreira, M. C., Koller, S. H., González, R., Carrasco, D, Cadena, M. P., Lay, S., Wang, Q., Bond, M. H., Trujillo, Ev, Balanta, P., Valk, A., Mekonnen, K. H., Nizharadze, G., Fülöp, M., Regalia, Camillo, Manzi, Claudia, Brambilla, Maria, Harb, C., Aldhafri, S., Martin, M., Macapagal, M. E. J., Chybicka, A., Gavreliuc, A., Buitendach, J., Gallo, I. S., Özgen, E., Güner, Ü. E., Yamakoğlu, N., Regalia, Camillo (ORCID:0000-0001-6888-0719), and Manzi, Claudia (ORCID:0000-0002-0742-731X)

Abstract

The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker-and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism-collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.

Published
2012

5. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Author

Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., McCrae, RR, Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., and McCrae, RR

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005

6. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Author

Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., McCrae, RR, Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., and McCrae, RR

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005

7. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Author

Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., McCrae, RR, Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., and McCrae, RR

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005

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