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Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic and academic characteristics associated with sleep quality among School of Human Medicine students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a randomly selected sample of 184 School of Human Medicine students from a private university located in the city of Lima, Peru. The study was conducted between June and July 2022, a period of gradual return to in-person classes. The participants completed an anonymous virtual survey containing questions on sociodemographic and academic factors as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This instrument comprised seven parameters with scores ranging from 0 to 21, where a good sleep quality was established from 0 to 5 points. The outcome was dichotomous (good and poor sleep quality), so binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the associated factors. Results: Females accounted for 53.26 % and the mean age was 20.05 with a standard deviation of 1.73. Concerning the hours of class time, 61.35 % were taught online. As for the sample, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 69.02 %, out of which 76.53 % were females and 60.47 % males. The mean percentage of online classes was higher among those with poor sleep quality compared to those with good sleep quality (63.48 % versus 56.58 %, p = 0.030). Regardless of the percentage of online classes, females were twice as likely to have poor sleep quality (OR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.05 to 3.82). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality affected 7 out of 10 School of Human Medicine students in the context of the gradual return to in-person classes after the COVID-19 social restrictions. Females had a higher chance of poor sleep quality, regardless of the percentage of online classes., Objetivo: Evaluar las características sociodemográficas y académicas asociadas a la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de Medicina Humana. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra que se seleccionó de manera aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de Medicina Humana de una universidad privada ubicada en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Se llevó a cabo entre junio y julio del 2022, periodo de retorno gradual de los estudiantes a la presencialidad. Los participantes completaron un formulario virtual anónimo que contenía preguntas sobre factores sociodemográficos y académicos, y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP). Este instrumento comprende siete parámetros con un puntaje cuyo rango es de 0 a 21, donde la buena calidad del sueño se definió de 0 a 5 puntos. El desenlace fue dicotómico (buena y mala calidad del sueño), por lo que se aplicó una regresión logística binaria para evaluar los factores asociados. Resultados: El 53,26 % eran mujeres y el promedio de edad fue 20,05, con una desviación estándar de 1,73. El 61,35 % de las horas de clases fueron dictadas de manera virtual. En la muestra, la prevalencia de una mala calidad del sueño fue 69,02 %; entre mujeres fue 76,53 % y en varones, 60,47 %. Entre los que tuvieron mala calidad del sueño, la media del porcentaje de virtualidad fue mayor respecto a los de buena calidad (63,48 % vs. 56,58 %, p = 0,030). Independientemente del porcentaje de clases virtuales, las mujeres tuvieron el doble de chance de tener mala calidad de sueño (OR = 2,00, IC 95 %: 1,05-3,82). Conclusiones: La mala calidad de sueño afectó a siete de cada diez estudiantes de Medicina Humana en el contexto del retorno gradual a la presencialidad posrestricciones sociales por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor chance de mala calidad de sueño, independientemente del porcentaje de clases virtuales.

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality is associated with higher mortality and lower quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). Difelikefalin reduces itch in patients with CKD-aP undergoing haemodialysis (HD). This post hoc analysis of the Phase 3 difelikefalin studies (Study 3105 and the pooled dataset from KALM-1 and KALM-2) evaluated whether itch reduction in individuals with CKD-aP improved sleep quality. METHODS: Itch intensity was assessed in patients undergoing HD who had moderate-to-severe CKD-aP treated with intravenous difelikefalin (0.5 µg/kg, three times weekly) (N = 222, Study 3105; N = 426, KALM-1 and -2) or placebo (N = 425, KALM-1 and -2) for 12 weeks, using the Worst Itch Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS). Sleep quality was assessed using the sleep disability question of the 5-D Itch Scale (5-D SDQ) in all studies and, in Study 3105, with the Sleep Quality Numeric Rating Scale (SQ-NRS). RESULTS: Greater improvements in sleep quality were observed in patients with ≥3-point versus <3-point WI-NRS improvement using SQ-NRS in Study 3105 [mean (95% confidence interval) -5.2 (-5.6, -4.8) vs -1.5 (-2.0, -1.0)] and 5-D SDQ in KALM-1 and -2 [-1.8 (-2.1, -1.6) vs -0.8 (-1.1, -0.4)]. SQ-NRS and WI-NRS scores were highly correlated at both baseline and Week 12 in Study 3105 (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.77 and 0.84, respectively). Correlations were also observed between 5-D SDQ and WI-NRS scores in Study 3105 and KALM-1 and -2. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing HD with moderate-to-severe CKD-aP, itch reduction with intravenous difelikefalin was associated with improved sleep quality. As disturbed sleep may contribute to mortality and morbidity in CKD-aP, difelikefalin may help to address a major clinical burden by improving sleep quality, secondary to itch relief. TRIAL REGISTRATION: KALM-1 (NCT03422653), KALM-2 (NCT03636269), Study 3105 (NCT03998163).

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after trauma exposure. Some studies report that women develop PTSD at twice the rate of men, despite greater trauma exposure in men. Lipids and their metabolites (lipidome) regulate a myriad of key biological processes and pathways such as membrane integrity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the brain by maintaining neuronal connectivity and homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the lipidome of 40 adults with PTSD and 40 trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals (n = 20/sex/condition; 19-39 years old). Plasma samples were analyzed for lipidomics using Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QToF) mass spectrometry. Additionally, ~ 90 measures were collected, on sleep, and mental and physical health indices. Poorer sleep quality was associated with greater PTSD severity in both sexes. The lipidomics analysis identified a total of 348 quantifiable known lipid metabolites and 1951 lipid metabolites that are yet unknown; known metabolites were part of 13 lipid subclasses. After adjusting for BMI and sleep quality, in women with PTSD, only one lipid subclass, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was altered, whereas, in men with PTSD, 9 out of 13 subclasses were altered compared to non-PTSD women and men, respectively. Severe PTSD was associated with 22% and 5% of altered lipid metabolites in men and women, respectively. Of the changed metabolites, only 0.5% measures (2 PEs and cholesterol) were common between women and men with PTSD. Several sphingomyelins, PEs, ceramides, and triglycerides were increased in men with severe PTSD. The correlations between triglycerides and ceramide metabolites with cholesterol metabolites and systolic blood pressure were dependent upon sex and PTSD status. Alterations in triglycerides and ceramides are linked with cardiac health and metabolic function in humans. Thus, disturbed sleep and higher body mass may have contributed to changes in the lipidome found in PTSD.

Purpose To (1) identify the prevalence of sleep problems in cancer survivors across cancer types and survivorship durations compared to a normative population and (2) determine demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and psychosocial determinants. Method Cancer survivors diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 (N = 6736) and an age- and sex-matched normative cohort (n = 415) completed the single sleep item of the EORTC QLQ-C30: Have you had trouble sleeping? Participants who responded with “quite a bit”/ “very much” were categorized as poor sleepers. A hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was used to identify determinants of sleep problems. Result The prevalence of sleep problems was higher in cancer survivors (17%) compared to the normative population (11%) (p < 0.001), varied across cancer types (10–26%) and did not vary based on survivorship duration. The full model showed that survivors who were female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.26), overweight (AOR 1.50), had one (AOR 1.25) and ≥ 2 comorbidities (AOR 2.15), were former (AOR 1.30) and current (AOR 1.53) smokers and former alcohol drinkers (AOR 1.73), had a higher level of fatigue (AOR 1.05), anxiety (AOR 1.14), depression (AOR 1.11), and cognitive illness perceptions (AOR 1.02), had a higher odds for sleep problems. Higher education compared to lower education (AOR 0.67), having a partner (AOR 0.69), and obesity compared to normal BMI (AOR 0.86) were protective to sleep problems as well as high physical activity before adjusting for psychological factors (AOR 0.91). Conclusion Modifiable determinants of sleep problems include physical activity, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and illness perception. Implications for Cancer Survivors Sleep problems after cancer deserve clinical attention. They may be improved by addressing modifiable lifestyle factors: increasing physical activity, stop smoking, and reducing alcohol consumption. As fatigue, depression, and illn

The common cold, the flu, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have many symptoms in common. As such, without testing for severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is difficult to conclude whether or not one is infected with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the current study was to compare the presence and severity of COVID-19-related symptoms among those who tested positive or negative for the beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.351) and identify the clinical presentation with the greatest likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. n = 925 individuals that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 at Dutch mass testing sites (i.e., test streets) were invited to complete a short online survey. The presence and severity of 17 COVID-19-related symptoms were assessed. In addition, mood, health correlates, and quality of life were assessed for the week before the test. Of the sample, n = 88 tested positive and n = 837 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 reported experiencing a significantly greater number, as well as greater overall symptom severity, compared to individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that increased severity levels of congestion, coughing, shivering, or loss of smell were associated with an increase in the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas an increase in the severity levels of runny nose, sore throat, or fatigue were associated with an increase in the odds of testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. No significant differences in mood or health correlates were found between those who tested positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2, except for a significantly higher stress score among those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 experienced a significantly greater number and more severe COVID-19-related symptoms compared to those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Experiencing shiveri

Objective: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of various types of dietary patterns with self-reported sleep quality and with actigraphy-estimated sleep parameters in the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study. Methods: For each participant, scores for five different dietary patterns were derived based on food frequency questionnaires; two pre-defined scores developed to estimate adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines and to the Mediterranean diet; and three data-driven scores indicating a prudent, unhealthy and typical Dutch diet. In 2589 participants (median age 56.9 years; 58 % female), self-rated sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In 533 participants, actigraphs were worn for an average of 6.8 days (SD: 0.7) to estimate total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Sleep parameters were measured at baseline and 3–6 years later. Multiple linear regression was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Results: No statistically significant associations between dietary patterns and total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and subjective sleep quality were observed in cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. To illustrate, the effect estimate for sleep duration was 2.7 min per night (95 % CI -2.1, 7.5) per 5 point increase in Mediterranean diet score in the cross-sectional analyses. Furthermore, in longitudinal analyses, the effect estimate for sleep duration was −1.0 min per night (95 % CI -5.2, 3.1) per SD increase in the prudent diet. Conclusions: Our results suggest that dietary patterns are not associated with sleep in this population-based cohort study. Trial registration: Netherlands National Trial Register and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/) shared catalogue number NL6645/NTR6831. Registered November 13th, 2017.

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.

In our fast-paced society, a significant number of people have problems with sleeping, making the quality of sleep a paramount concern with profound implications for both physical and mental health. This study investigates various factors that affect sleep quality, including screen time before sleep, body temperature regulation, pre-sleep mental state, and reasons for nocturnal awakenings. Leveraging expertise in yoga and meditation, the study integrates empirical knowledge with statistical analysis to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding sleep disturbances in contemporary society. A unique aspect of this thesis, which sets it apart from other sleep studies, is the use of statistical models to analyze the results of the investigation. Through rigorous data analysis methodologies such as ANOVA and the R programming language, significant determinants of the relationship between sleep quality and the factors affecting sleep are identified. This approach helps us become more trustworthy and logical in connecting data with daily life. Results indicate that reducing screen time, regulating body temperature, cultivating a peaceful mental state, and minimizing nocturnal awakenings are crucial for promoting better sleep quality. The findings underscore the importance of addressing lifestyle habits, physiological factors, and psychological well-being for optimal sleep outcomes. By synthesizing empirical observations with rigorous data analysis, this research contributes to informing interventions aimed at enhancing sleep quality., I vårt snabbrörliga samhälle har ett betydande antal människor problem med sömnen, vilket gör sömnkvaliteten till en avgörande fråga med djupgående konsekvenser för både fysisk och mental hälsa. Denna studie undersöker olika faktorer som påverkar sömnkvaliteten, inklusive skärmtid före sömn, reglering av kroppstemperatur, mental tillstånd före sömn och orsaker till nattliga uppvaknanden. Genom att utnyttja expertis inom yoga och meditation integrerar studien empirisk kunskap med statistisk analys för att utveckla en omfattande ram för att förstå sömnstörningar i det moderna samhället. En unik aspekt av denna avhandling, som skiljer den från andra sömnstudier, är användningen av statistiska modeller för att analysera resultaten av undersökningen. Genom rigorösa dataanalysmetoder som ANOVA och programmeringsspråket R identifieras betydande bestämningsfaktorer för sambandet mellan sömnkvalitet och de faktorer som påverkar sömnen. Detta tillvägagångssätt hjälper oss att bli mer tillförlitliga och logiska i att koppla data till det dagliga livet. Resultaten visar att minskad skärmtid, reglering av kroppstemperatur, odling av ett fridfullt mentalt tillstånd och minimering av nattliga uppvaknanden är avgörande för att främja bättre sömnkvalitet. Resultaten understryker vikten av att adressera livsstilsvanor, fysiologiska faktorer och psykiskt välbefinnande för optimala sömnresultat. Genom att syntetisera empiriska observationer med rigorös dataanalys bidrar denna forskning till att informera om interventioner som syftar till att förbättra sömnkvaliteten.

Sleep quality and heart health may be affected negatively by electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by telecommunication devices, and a decline in sleep quality may lead to neurological disorders such as anxiety and depression. There are multiple products that claim to improve sleep quality by blocking exposure to EMF. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of one such product called “SleepGift” blanket on sleep quality and heart health. This single-blind cross-over study analyzes the sleep study data collected from healthy participants (13 to date). Participants were provided with real and sham SleepGift blankets during two blocks of the study, and their sleep quality data were recorded. Participants slept at the Sleep Research Lab using the assigned (real/sham) blanket for block 1 pre-intervention. They committed to using the blanket at home for the next 10 consecutive nights’ then, using the same blanket, slept at the lab for post-intervention recording. The same procedure was repeated for block 2 after the washout period with the other reversed (sham/real) blanket. The collected data were analyzed. The changes observed from the Wilcoxon-rank sum test in sleep quality, heart rate variability, and Katz fractal dimension of the EEG data over night have shown to be insignificant so far. The inconclusive results of the data could be due to small sample size of the study; however, one participant showed improvement and claimed to be EMF sensitive. Ideally, recruiting such participants could be extremely challenging. A larger data set is recommended to achieve robust conclusion about the efficacy of SleepGift blanket.

EU har enats om att minska energianvändningen med minst 11,7 % jämfört med prognosen för den förväntade energianvändningen till 2030. Nära hälften av Sveriges energianvändning går bland annat till uppvärmning i bostads- och servicesektorn. I Sverige kan energieffektivisering, genom ventilation, vara lönsamt ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv men även för att nå klimat- och energimål. Genom att använda behovsstyrd ventilation och från- och tilluftssystem med värmeväxling kan energiförbrukningen minska betydligt. Att använda behovsstyrd ventilation går bara att göra om inte människans hälsa påverkas eller den upplevda luftkvaliteten försämras. Studien fokuserar på hur olika ventilationsflöden nattetid i studentlägenheter påverkar både energiförbrukningen och luftkvalitén under vinterhalvåret. Målet är att minska ventilationsflödet utan att påverka luftkvalitet, upplevd luftkvalitet och sömnkvalitet negativt samtidigt som energi kan sparas. Studien genomfördes i studentboendet Bifrost som är en fastighet i Borås som Bostäder i Borås AB förvaltar. Fastigheten består av fem våningar med totalt 40 studentlägenheter. Genom att mäta koldioxid, temperatur och relativa fuktighet samt att de boende får svara på morgonenkäter om den upplevda luftkvaliteten. Vilket gör att luftkvaliteten och sömnkvaliteten kan analyseras. En utförlig arbetsgång inkluderade förberedelser, kalibrering av mätare, installation av mätarna och enkätutskick. Mätperioden pågick under två veckor med fyra olika ventilationsflöden som reglerades klockan 22:00 på kvällen och sedan tillbaka igen till det normala flödet klockan 10:00 på morgonen. Den långa mätperioden gjorde att alla ventilationsflöden kunde prövas två gånger var och jämföras. Flödena som testades utgick från fastigheten Bifrosts normala flöde (1200 l/s) som är fördelat på de 40 lägenheterna. Förutom det normala flödet testades även mycket lågt flöde (360 l/s), lågt flöde (700 l/s) och ett mycket högt flöde (1350 l/s). Energibesparingen utvärderad, The EU has agreed to reduce energy use by at least 11.7% compared to the forecasted energy use by 2030. Nearly half of Sweden's energy use goes to heating in the residential and service sectors. In Sweden, energy efficiency through ventilation can be economically beneficial and help achieve climate and energy goals. By using demand-controlled ventilation and supply and exhaust systems with heat exchange, energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Demand-controlled ventilation can only be used if it does not affect human health or reduce perceived air quality. The study focuses on how different ventilation flows at night in student apartments affect both energy consumption and air quality during the winter months. The goal is to reduce ventilation flow without negatively impacting air quality, perceived air quality, or sleep quality, while saving energy. The study was conducted in the Bifrost student housing, a building in Borås managed by Bostäder i Borås AB. The building has five floors with a total of 40 student apartments. CO2, temperature, and relative humidity were measured, and residents answered morning surveys about perceived air quality. This allowed for the analysis of air quality and sleep quality. The detailed process included preparations, calibration of meters, installation of meters, and distribution of surveys. The measurement period lasted two weeks with four different ventilation flows regulated from 10:00 PM to 10:00 AM. The long measurement period allowed each flow to be tested twice and compared. The tested flows were based on Bifrost's normal flow (1200 l/s) which is distributed among the 40 apartments. Besides the normal flow, very low flow (360 l/s), low flow (700 l/s), and very high flow (1350 l/s) were tested. Energy savings were evaluated after the measurement period by comparing calculations to the normal flow. Calculations showed that reducing the nighttime ventilation flow resulted in energy savings compared to the normal flow.

Introduction Under stormförhållanden kan fartygsrörelser göra det svårt att sova i en säng, då kroppen utsätts för konstanta accelerationer och inklinationer. Hängmattor har en förmåga att agera som en pendel, vilket kan möjliggöra för kroppen att upprätthålla en viloställning som alltid är rätvinklad till horisonten. Syfte Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om en reduktion av accelerations- och inklinationskrafter som påverkar kroppen under fartygsrörelser kan finnas med användandet av en hängmatta. Metod För att studera dessa krafter användes en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Data samlades in med hjälp av två mobiltelefoner, utrustade med accelerometrar och inklinometrar och sensorerna placerades i två olika sovsystem: en säng och en hängmatta. Resultat Resultatet från sensorerna visade att inklinationskrafterna i hängmattan minskade drastiskt med 99% i genomsnitt jämfört med sängen, med en nästan konstant horisontell vinkel på 0°. Dock var accelerationsmätningarna mindre konkreta, med en spridning av acceleration i hängmattan med en minskning på 5%, till en ökning på 21% beroende på experimentstillfälle. Diskussion Resultaten från denna studie tyder på att hängmattor kan vara ett effektivt sätt att drastiskt minska de inklinationskrafter som sjöfarare utsätts för under fartygsrörelser. Detta kan potentiellt hjälpa sjöfarare uppnå förbättrad sömnkvalitet under dåliga väderförhållanden. Vad gäller accelerationsresultaten kan det tyda på en marginell ökning av accelerationskrafter i hängmatta. Korrelationen mellan sensorerna för accelerationsmätningen var dock endast 82,4%, jämfört med inklinationsmätningens 98,6%. Vidare forskning med mer noggrann mätutrustning krävs för att fastställa någon mer konkret slutsats för acceleration., Introduction During storm conditions, ship movements can make it difficult to sleep in a bed, as the body is exposed to constant accelerations and inclinations. Hammocks have the ability to act as a pendulum, allowing the body to maintain a resting position that is always perpendicular to the horizon. Purpose This study aims to investigate whether a reduction in acceleration and inclination forces acting on the body during ship movements can be achieved using a hammock. Method A quantitative research method was employed to study these forces. Data was collected using two mobile phones equipped with accelerometers and inclinometers and the sensors were placed in two different sleeping systems: a bed and a hammock. Results The results from the sensors showed that the inclination forces in the hammock decreased significantly by 99% on average compared to the bed, with an almost constant horizontal angle of 0°. However, the acceleration measurements were less concrete, with a spread of acceleration in the hammock between a decrease of 5% to an increase of 21% depending on the experimental occasion. Discussion The results of this study suggest that hammocks may be an effective way to drastically reduce the inclination forces that seafarers are exposed to during ship movements. This could potentially help seafarers achieve improved sleep quality during adverse weather conditions. As for the acceleration results, they may indicate a marginal increase in acceleration forces in the hammock. However, the correlation between the sensors for acceleration measurement was only 82.4%, compared to 98.6% for inclination measurement. Further research with more accurate measuring equipment is required to determine a more definitive conclusion for acceleration.

Bakgrund: Digitala medier är en viktig socialiseringsfaktor för ungdomar. Studier visar att överdriven skärmtid har negativ effekt på sömnen. Skolsköterskan arbetar hälsofrämjande, och har möjlighet att identifiera hälsovådligt beteende samt stötta ungdomar till en hälsosammare livsstil. Syfte: Att sammanställa forskning som ur ungdomars perspektiv visar hur digital medieanvändning påverkar deras sömn. Metod: Systematisk litteraturgenomgång utfördes med integrativ metod. Sökning gjordes i två elektroniska databaser; CINAHL och Medline. 13 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades som var publicerade 2015–2023. Resultat: Osund användning av digitala medier leder till kortare sömnlängd, sämre sömnkvalitet och störd dygnsrytm. Ungdomar, vars föräldrar var engagerade och satte gränser, använde i mindre utsträckning digitala medier innan sänggående, vilket gav bättre sömn. De med kvällsdygnspreferens somnade senare om de använde digitala medier innan sänggåendet. Det framkom också att vissa ungdomar som använde digitala medier hade sämre mental hälsa, men bättre social hälsa. Konklusion: Sömnen får allt mindre utrymme till förmån för digitala medier. Det gynnar inte ungdomars hälsa. Skolsköterskan har stor potential att hjälpa och stötta ungdomar med problematisk skärmanvändning och sömnsvårigheter., Background: Digital media is an important socialization factor for adolescents. Studies show that excessive screen time has a negative effect on sleep. The school nurse works to promote health and to identify unhealthy behavior and support the adolescents to a healthier lifestyle. Aim: Compiling research that, from the perspective of adolescents, shows how digital media use affects their sleep. Method: A systematic literature review was performed using an integrative method. Searches were made in two electronic databases; CINAHL and Medline. 13 scientific articles were included. The articles were published in 2015–2023. Findings: Unhealthy use of digital media leads to shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality and disturbed circadian rhythm. Adolescents, whose parents were involved and set limits, used digital media to a lesser extent before bed, which resulted in better sleep. Those with an evening circadian preference fell asleep later if they used digital media before bed. It also emerged that some adolescents who used digital media had poorer mental health, but better social health. Conclusion: Sleep is getting less and less space in favor of digital media. It does not benefit adolescents’ health. The school nurse has great potential to help and support adolescents with problematic screen use and sleep difficulties.

Bakgrund: Sömn är ett grundläggande mänskligt behov som vid uppfyllelse främjarhälsa och välmående. Sömnsvårigheter och sömnbrist uppträder ofta i samband medsjukdom, stress och ångest samtidigt som kroppens återhämtningsförmåga försämras.Forskning har visat att patienters sömnkvalitet försämras under sjukhusvistelse och attsömnen påverkas av omgivningen på sjukhus. Det finns flera sätt att stödja patienter medsömnproblematik, där sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som störde patienters sömn i sjukhusmiljön. Metod: En kvantitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Fribergs modell användes till dataanalysen och Jönköping Universitys kvalitetsprotokoll för kvantitativa artiklaranvändes för granskning av resultatartiklar. Resultat: Resultatet består av tre huvudkategorier som beskriver sömnpåverkandefaktorer: miljörelaterade, emotionella och fysiska. Miljörelaterade faktorer sompåverkade sömnen var ljud, belysning, personal och komfort. Emotionella faktorer somvisades påverka patientsömnen var ångest, oro, stress och saknad. De fysiska faktorernasom framkom innefattade bland annat smärta och toalettbesök. Slutsats: Studien har visat att det finns mängder av sömnpåverkande faktorer isjukhusmiljön samt att det är ett område som behöver uppmärksammas för att förbättrapatienters sömn på sjukhus., Background: Sleep is a basic human need that when properly fulfilled, promotes healthand wellbeing. Difficulties sleeping or a lack of sleep often coincide with illness, stress andanxiety while simultaneously degrading the body's resilience. Research has shown thatpatients sleep quality declines during hospitalization and that sleep is affected by thehospital environment. There are multiple ways of supporting patients with sleepingproblems, where the nurse has a key role. Aim: The aim was to describe factors that disturbed patients sleep in the hospitalenvironment. Method: A quantitative litterature review with an inductive approach. Friberg's modelwas used for the data analysis and Jönköping University's’ quality protocol forquantitative articles was used for the examination of the result articles. Results: The result consists of three main categories that describe sleep affecting factors:environmental, emotional and physical. Environmental factors that impacted sleep weresound, lighting, staff and comfortability. Emotional factors that were shown to affectpatient sleep were anxiety, worry, stress and longing. The physical factors that appearedwere amongst others: pain and toilet visits. Conclusion: The study has shown that there is a multitude of sleep affecting factors inthe hospital environment and that it needs to be better researched, to improve patientsleep in the hospital.

Exposure to light relevantly influences human circadian rhythms, affecting not only visual perception but also physical and mental health. This thesis explores the role of architectural lighting on human health and well-being within a controlled Live-in Lab environment, focusing particularly on twilight exposure and its effects on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns. Employing a combination of environmental sensors and sleep diaries, the study quantifies light exposure and investigates its association with sleep disturbances and overall daily well-being. The findings reveal a notable misalignment between the prevailing lighting conditions and the optimal settings for supporting natural circadian rhythms. This misalignment underscores the necessity for architectural designs that more effectively integrate natural light cycles, particularly in regions with relevant seasonal variations in daylight, such as northern latitudes. Based on these insights, the thesis recommends adopting twilight simulation technologies to enhance sleep quality and better align circadian rhythms with other light patterns that are not naturally synchronized with the extreme conditions in the Nordics. The research contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence supporting the development of lighting strategies that promote healthier living environments, emphasizing the crucial role of lighting design in enhancing well-being. The recommendations offered aim to guide future architectural practices in creating spaces that not only meet aesthetic and functional requirements but also foster health and sustainability.

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.

Exposure to light relevantly influences human circadian rhythms, affecting not only visual perception but also physical and mental health. This thesis explores the role of architectural lighting on human health and well-being within a controlled Live-in Lab environment, focusing particularly on twilight exposure and its effects on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns. Employing a combination of environmental sensors and sleep diaries, the study quantifies light exposure and investigates its association with sleep disturbances and overall daily well-being. The findings reveal a notable misalignment between the prevailing lighting conditions and the optimal settings for supporting natural circadian rhythms. This misalignment underscores the necessity for architectural designs that more effectively integrate natural light cycles, particularly in regions with relevant seasonal variations in daylight, such as northern latitudes. Based on these insights, the thesis recommends adopting twilight simulation technologies to enhance sleep quality and better align circadian rhythms with other light patterns that are not naturally synchronized with the extreme conditions in the Nordics. The research contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence supporting the development of lighting strategies that promote healthier living environments, emphasizing the crucial role of lighting design in enhancing well-being. The recommendations offered aim to guide future architectural practices in creating spaces that not only meet aesthetic and functional requirements but also foster health and sustainability.

EU har enats om att minska energianvändningen med minst 11,7 % jämfört med prognosen för den förväntade energianvändningen till 2030. Nära hälften av Sveriges energianvändning går bland annat till uppvärmning i bostads- och servicesektorn. I Sverige kan energieffektivisering, genom ventilation, vara lönsamt ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv men även för att nå klimat- och energimål. Genom att använda behovsstyrd ventilation och från- och tilluftssystem med värmeväxling kan energiförbrukningen minska betydligt. Att använda behovsstyrd ventilation går bara att göra om inte människans hälsa påverkas eller den upplevda luftkvaliteten försämras. Studien fokuserar på hur olika ventilationsflöden nattetid i studentlägenheter påverkar både energiförbrukningen och luftkvalitén under vinterhalvåret. Målet är att minska ventilationsflödet utan att påverka luftkvalitet, upplevd luftkvalitet och sömnkvalitet negativt samtidigt som energi kan sparas. Studien genomfördes i studentboendet Bifrost som är en fastighet i Borås som Bostäder i Borås AB förvaltar. Fastigheten består av fem våningar med totalt 40 studentlägenheter. Genom att mäta koldioxid, temperatur och relativa fuktighet samt att de boende får svara på morgonenkäter om den upplevda luftkvaliteten. Vilket gör att luftkvaliteten och sömnkvaliteten kan analyseras. En utförlig arbetsgång inkluderade förberedelser, kalibrering av mätare, installation av mätarna och enkätutskick. Mätperioden pågick under två veckor med fyra olika ventilationsflöden som reglerades klockan 22:00 på kvällen och sedan tillbaka igen till det normala flödet klockan 10:00 på morgonen. Den långa mätperioden gjorde att alla ventilationsflöden kunde prövas två gånger var och jämföras. Flödena som testades utgick från fastigheten Bifrosts normala flöde (1200 l/s) som är fördelat på de 40 lägenheterna. Förutom det normala flödet testades även mycket lågt flöde (360 l/s), lågt flöde (700 l/s) och ett mycket högt flöde (1350 l/s). Energibesparingen utvärderad, The EU has agreed to reduce energy use by at least 11.7% compared to the forecasted energy use by 2030. Nearly half of Sweden's energy use goes to heating in the residential and service sectors. In Sweden, energy efficiency through ventilation can be economically beneficial and help achieve climate and energy goals. By using demand-controlled ventilation and supply and exhaust systems with heat exchange, energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Demand-controlled ventilation can only be used if it does not affect human health or reduce perceived air quality. The study focuses on how different ventilation flows at night in student apartments affect both energy consumption and air quality during the winter months. The goal is to reduce ventilation flow without negatively impacting air quality, perceived air quality, or sleep quality, while saving energy. The study was conducted in the Bifrost student housing, a building in Borås managed by Bostäder i Borås AB. The building has five floors with a total of 40 student apartments. CO2, temperature, and relative humidity were measured, and residents answered morning surveys about perceived air quality. This allowed for the analysis of air quality and sleep quality. The detailed process included preparations, calibration of meters, installation of meters, and distribution of surveys. The measurement period lasted two weeks with four different ventilation flows regulated from 10:00 PM to 10:00 AM. The long measurement period allowed each flow to be tested twice and compared. The tested flows were based on Bifrost's normal flow (1200 l/s) which is distributed among the 40 apartments. Besides the normal flow, very low flow (360 l/s), low flow (700 l/s), and very high flow (1350 l/s) were tested. Energy savings were evaluated after the measurement period by comparing calculations to the normal flow. Calculations showed that reducing the nighttime ventilation flow resulted in energy savings compared to the normal flow.

The success of the learning process is more probable when students demonstrate high levels of readiness to learn. However, evidence from previous studies suggests that not all students possess this readiness. This study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of time management and sleep quality on students' preparedness for learning. Utilizing a quantitative survey design, the research engaged 178 students from the Kerinci State Islamic Institute. Sample size determination followed the Krejcie & Morgan formula, with sample selection executed through Simple Random Sampling. Data collection incorporated the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, Time Management Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. Analysis of the research data involved simple and multiple linear regression. Results indicate that both time management and learning readiness significantly influence students' preparedness for learning, with time management exerting a stronger impact. This research carries substantial implications for addressing students' learning readiness challenges through the promotion of effective time management strategies and the assurance of adequate sleep quality. Such interventions can be efficiently implemented through higher education's guidance and counseling services, involving counselors and additional support structures.

In our fast-paced society, a significant number of people have problems with sleeping, making the quality of sleep a paramount concern with profound implications for both physical and mental health. This study investigates various factors that affect sleep quality, including screen time before sleep, body temperature regulation, pre-sleep mental state, and reasons for nocturnal awakenings. Leveraging expertise in yoga and meditation, the study integrates empirical knowledge with statistical analysis to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding sleep disturbances in contemporary society. A unique aspect of this thesis, which sets it apart from other sleep studies, is the use of statistical models to analyze the results of the investigation. Through rigorous data analysis methodologies such as ANOVA and the R programming language, significant determinants of the relationship between sleep quality and the factors affecting sleep are identified. This approach helps us become more trustworthy and logical in connecting data with daily life. Results indicate that reducing screen time, regulating body temperature, cultivating a peaceful mental state, and minimizing nocturnal awakenings are crucial for promoting better sleep quality. The findings underscore the importance of addressing lifestyle habits, physiological factors, and psychological well-being for optimal sleep outcomes. By synthesizing empirical observations with rigorous data analysis, this research contributes to informing interventions aimed at enhancing sleep quality., I vårt snabbrörliga samhälle har ett betydande antal människor problem med sömnen, vilket gör sömnkvaliteten till en avgörande fråga med djupgående konsekvenser för både fysisk och mental hälsa. Denna studie undersöker olika faktorer som påverkar sömnkvaliteten, inklusive skärmtid före sömn, reglering av kroppstemperatur, mental tillstånd före sömn och orsaker till nattliga uppvaknanden. Genom att utnyttja expertis inom yoga och meditation integrerar studien empirisk kunskap med statistisk analys för att utveckla en omfattande ram för att förstå sömnstörningar i det moderna samhället. En unik aspekt av denna avhandling, som skiljer den från andra sömnstudier, är användningen av statistiska modeller för att analysera resultaten av undersökningen. Genom rigorösa dataanalysmetoder som ANOVA och programmeringsspråket R identifieras betydande bestämningsfaktorer för sambandet mellan sömnkvalitet och de faktorer som påverkar sömnen. Detta tillvägagångssätt hjälper oss att bli mer tillförlitliga och logiska i att koppla data till det dagliga livet. Resultaten visar att minskad skärmtid, reglering av kroppstemperatur, odling av ett fridfullt mentalt tillstånd och minimering av nattliga uppvaknanden är avgörande för att främja bättre sömnkvalitet. Resultaten understryker vikten av att adressera livsstilsvanor, fysiologiska faktorer och psykiskt välbefinnande för optimala sömnresultat. Genom att syntetisera empiriska observationer med rigorös dataanalys bidrar denna forskning till att informera om interventioner som syftar till att förbättra sömnkvaliteten.

Bakgrund: Digitala medier är en viktig socialiseringsfaktor för ungdomar. Studier visar att överdriven skärmtid har negativ effekt på sömnen. Skolsköterskan arbetar hälsofrämjande, och har möjlighet att identifiera hälsovådligt beteende samt stötta ungdomar till en hälsosammare livsstil. Syfte: Att sammanställa forskning som ur ungdomars perspektiv visar hur digital medieanvändning påverkar deras sömn. Metod: Systematisk litteraturgenomgång utfördes med integrativ metod. Sökning gjordes i två elektroniska databaser; CINAHL och Medline. 13 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades som var publicerade 2015–2023. Resultat: Osund användning av digitala medier leder till kortare sömnlängd, sämre sömnkvalitet och störd dygnsrytm. Ungdomar, vars föräldrar var engagerade och satte gränser, använde i mindre utsträckning digitala medier innan sänggående, vilket gav bättre sömn. De med kvällsdygnspreferens somnade senare om de använde digitala medier innan sänggåendet. Det framkom också att vissa ungdomar som använde digitala medier hade sämre mental hälsa, men bättre social hälsa. Konklusion: Sömnen får allt mindre utrymme till förmån för digitala medier. Det gynnar inte ungdomars hälsa. Skolsköterskan har stor potential att hjälpa och stötta ungdomar med problematisk skärmanvändning och sömnsvårigheter., Background: Digital media is an important socialization factor for adolescents. Studies show that excessive screen time has a negative effect on sleep. The school nurse works to promote health and to identify unhealthy behavior and support the adolescents to a healthier lifestyle. Aim: Compiling research that, from the perspective of adolescents, shows how digital media use affects their sleep. Method: A systematic literature review was performed using an integrative method. Searches were made in two electronic databases; CINAHL and Medline. 13 scientific articles were included. The articles were published in 2015–2023. Findings: Unhealthy use of digital media leads to shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality and disturbed circadian rhythm. Adolescents, whose parents were involved and set limits, used digital media to a lesser extent before bed, which resulted in better sleep. Those with an evening circadian preference fell asleep later if they used digital media before bed. It also emerged that some adolescents who used digital media had poorer mental health, but better social health. Conclusion: Sleep is getting less and less space in favor of digital media. It does not benefit adolescents’ health. The school nurse has great potential to help and support adolescents with problematic screen use and sleep difficulties.

Background: Prevalence of sleep disturbances, latency, and limited sleeping duration are highest during the adolescence phase. The possible cause is adoption of sedentary behavior that involves excessive screen time due to exposure to digital and electronic devices among adolescents. When the sleep quality is compromised it contributes to adverse health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between screen time and sleep quality among adolescents in Nordic countries Methods: The systematic literature review approach was considered in this research and a narrative synthesis was performed to determine whether there was a connection between screen time and sleep quality through the assessment of qualitative (n=4), quantitative (n=14), cross- sectional (n=9), and cohort (n=1) studies. A sample size of 28 articles was considered after the articles fulfilled the inclusion criterion standards. The population of the study comprised adolescents within the age bracket of 10 and 20 years in primary, high school, and university. The sleep quality outcomes that were measured include duration, latency, efficiency, and disturbances. Besides, the screen time outcomes that were measures are timing, type, and duration. Results: There is a significant association between sleep timing including daytime and nighttime use of digital and electronic devices with the sleep quality outcomes. Also, there is a positive relationship between duration of screen time and sleep quality outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries. However, there was an insignificant relationship between type of digital devices either smartphone, tablet, computer, or television with the sleep quality outcomes of adolescents. 2Conclusions: The research outcomes showed that high screen time in regards to timing such as daytime and nighttime contributes to low quality sleep outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries, but the type of devices is not important. There was signif, This thesis uses a comprehensive literature review of 28 studies to investigate how screen time affects the quality of sleep that teenagers in Nordic countries get. Teenagers who use digital devices more often tend to have higher screen times, which contributes to their frequent sleep disruptions and poorer quality of sleep. In order to measure sleep length, latency, efficiency, and disruptions in connection to the timing, type, and duration of screen time, the study analysed qualitative, quantitative, cross-sectional, and cohort studies concentrating on teenagers aged 10 to 20. The results suggest that while the type of device used had no discernible effect, there are substantial connections between screen time—both during the day and at night—and poor sleep quality. These findings highlight the necessity for additional study on the relationship between screen time length and teenage sleep, which has significant ramifications for public health.

Bakgrund: Sömn är ett grundläggande mänskligt behov som vid uppfyllelse främjarhälsa och välmående. Sömnsvårigheter och sömnbrist uppträder ofta i samband medsjukdom, stress och ångest samtidigt som kroppens återhämtningsförmåga försämras.Forskning har visat att patienters sömnkvalitet försämras under sjukhusvistelse och attsömnen påverkas av omgivningen på sjukhus. Det finns flera sätt att stödja patienter medsömnproblematik, där sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som störde patienters sömn i sjukhusmiljön. Metod: En kvantitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Fribergs modell användes till dataanalysen och Jönköping Universitys kvalitetsprotokoll för kvantitativa artiklaranvändes för granskning av resultatartiklar. Resultat: Resultatet består av tre huvudkategorier som beskriver sömnpåverkandefaktorer: miljörelaterade, emotionella och fysiska. Miljörelaterade faktorer sompåverkade sömnen var ljud, belysning, personal och komfort. Emotionella faktorer somvisades påverka patientsömnen var ångest, oro, stress och saknad. De fysiska faktorernasom framkom innefattade bland annat smärta och toalettbesök. Slutsats: Studien har visat att det finns mängder av sömnpåverkande faktorer isjukhusmiljön samt att det är ett område som behöver uppmärksammas för att förbättrapatienters sömn på sjukhus., Background: Sleep is a basic human need that when properly fulfilled, promotes healthand wellbeing. Difficulties sleeping or a lack of sleep often coincide with illness, stress andanxiety while simultaneously degrading the body's resilience. Research has shown thatpatients sleep quality declines during hospitalization and that sleep is affected by thehospital environment. There are multiple ways of supporting patients with sleepingproblems, where the nurse has a key role. Aim: The aim was to describe factors that disturbed patients sleep in the hospitalenvironment. Method: A quantitative litterature review with an inductive approach. Friberg's modelwas used for the data analysis and Jönköping University's’ quality protocol forquantitative articles was used for the examination of the result articles. Results: The result consists of three main categories that describe sleep affecting factors:environmental, emotional and physical. Environmental factors that impacted sleep weresound, lighting, staff and comfortability. Emotional factors that were shown to affectpatient sleep were anxiety, worry, stress and longing. The physical factors that appearedwere amongst others: pain and toilet visits. Conclusion: The study has shown that there is a multitude of sleep affecting factors inthe hospital environment and that it needs to be better researched, to improve patientsleep in the hospital.

Introduction Under stormförhållanden kan fartygsrörelser göra det svårt att sova i en säng, då kroppen utsätts för konstanta accelerationer och inklinationer. Hängmattor har en förmåga att agera som en pendel, vilket kan möjliggöra för kroppen att upprätthålla en viloställning som alltid är rätvinklad till horisonten. Syfte Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om en reduktion av accelerations- och inklinationskrafter som påverkar kroppen under fartygsrörelser kan finnas med användandet av en hängmatta. Metod För att studera dessa krafter användes en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Data samlades in med hjälp av två mobiltelefoner, utrustade med accelerometrar och inklinometrar och sensorerna placerades i två olika sovsystem: en säng och en hängmatta. Resultat Resultatet från sensorerna visade att inklinationskrafterna i hängmattan minskade drastiskt med 99% i genomsnitt jämfört med sängen, med en nästan konstant horisontell vinkel på 0°. Dock var accelerationsmätningarna mindre konkreta, med en spridning av acceleration i hängmattan med en minskning på 5%, till en ökning på 21% beroende på experimentstillfälle. Diskussion Resultaten från denna studie tyder på att hängmattor kan vara ett effektivt sätt att drastiskt minska de inklinationskrafter som sjöfarare utsätts för under fartygsrörelser. Detta kan potentiellt hjälpa sjöfarare uppnå förbättrad sömnkvalitet under dåliga väderförhållanden. Vad gäller accelerationsresultaten kan det tyda på en marginell ökning av accelerationskrafter i hängmatta. Korrelationen mellan sensorerna för accelerationsmätningen var dock endast 82,4%, jämfört med inklinationsmätningens 98,6%. Vidare forskning med mer noggrann mätutrustning krävs för att fastställa någon mer konkret slutsats för acceleration., Introduction During storm conditions, ship movements can make it difficult to sleep in a bed, as the body is exposed to constant accelerations and inclinations. Hammocks have the ability to act as a pendulum, allowing the body to maintain a resting position that is always perpendicular to the horizon. Purpose This study aims to investigate whether a reduction in acceleration and inclination forces acting on the body during ship movements can be achieved using a hammock. Method A quantitative research method was employed to study these forces. Data was collected using two mobile phones equipped with accelerometers and inclinometers and the sensors were placed in two different sleeping systems: a bed and a hammock. Results The results from the sensors showed that the inclination forces in the hammock decreased significantly by 99% on average compared to the bed, with an almost constant horizontal angle of 0°. However, the acceleration measurements were less concrete, with a spread of acceleration in the hammock between a decrease of 5% to an increase of 21% depending on the experimental occasion. Discussion The results of this study suggest that hammocks may be an effective way to drastically reduce the inclination forces that seafarers are exposed to during ship movements. This could potentially help seafarers achieve improved sleep quality during adverse weather conditions. As for the acceleration results, they may indicate a marginal increase in acceleration forces in the hammock. However, the correlation between the sensors for acceleration measurement was only 82.4%, compared to 98.6% for inclination measurement. Further research with more accurate measuring equipment is required to determine a more definitive conclusion for acceleration.

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.

Introduction: Malaysia was struck by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 which left a significant impact on the population. Since then, the aftereffects especially poor sleep quality are still affecting us. Thus, this study aims to assess the sleep quality of students at the University of Cyberjaya (UOC) post-COVID- 19 pandemic and its relation to students' academic performance. This study aimed to assess any association between students' sociodemographic factors and sleep quality. This is a cross-sectional study where a convenience sampling technique was used. Methods: The study population consisted of 350 students comprised of those aged 18 years and above, and currently a student at the University of Cyberjaya while those that were diagnosed with health issues were excluded. A validated self-rated questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess students' sleep quality. A global PSQI score holds a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and a specificity of 86.5% to differentiate good and poor sleepers. Sociodemographic background questions of students' and respective semester cumulative grade point average (CGPA) were self-reported. Results: Our results revealed that 83.4% (292) of the students had poor sleep quality while 16.6% (58) had good sleep quality. However, there is no meaningful association between sociodemographic factors, sleep quality, and academic performance. Although, those with good academic performance had better sleep quality than those who achieved excellent grades. Conclusion: most UOC students reported poor sleep quality, but interestingly this does not affect their academic performance.

Background The overall level of negative affect (NeA) has been linked to impaired health. However, whether the diurnal timing of NeA matters and whether the NeA-health relationship is mediated by sleep quality remain unclear. Methods Using a longitudinal dataset (2006, 2009 and 2014 waves) consisting of 1959 participants, we examined the within-person impact of both bedtime NeA and non-bedtime NeA measured by Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) on subjective health measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the mediating effect of sleep quality on the NeA-health relationships by fixed effect models. Results Bedtime NeA predicted poorer health, while non-bedtime NeA was unrelated to health. The deleterious impact of bedtime NeA reduced and became non-significant after sleep quality was controlled for. Bedtime NeA also significantly predicted impaired sleep quality. Conclusions Bedtime NeA is a stronger predictor of poorer health than non-bedtime NeA, and the deleterious influence of bedtime NeA on health seems to operate through poor sleep quality. Therefore, interventions to reduce bedtime NeA could potentially improve subsequent sleep quality, thereby protecting people to some extent from impaired health status., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The study aimed to assess sleep quality in PCC patients and its predictors by analysing its relationship with emotional, cognitive and functional variables, as well as possible differences based on COVID-19 severity. We included 368 individuals with PCC and 123 healthy controls (HCs) from the NAUTILUS Project (NCT05307549 and NCT05307575). We assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), everyday memory failures (Memory Failures of Everyday Questionnaire, MFE-30), fatigue (Chadler Fatigue Questionnaire, CFQ), quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, EQ-5D), and physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ). 203 were nonhospitalized, 83 were hospitalized and 82 were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We found statistically significant differences in the PSQI total score between the PCC and HC groups (p < 0.0001), but there were no differences among the PCC groups. In the multiple linear regressions, the PHQ-9 score was a predictor of poor sleep quality for mild PCC patients (p = 0.003); GAD-7 (p = 0.032) and EQ-5D (p = 0.011) scores were predictors of poor sleep quality in the hospitalized PCC group; and GAD-7 (p = 0.045) and IPAQ (p = 0.005) scores were predictors of poor sleep quality in the group of ICU-PCC. These results indicate that worse sleep quality is related to higher levels of depression and anxiety, worse quality of life and less physical activity. Therapeutic strategies should focus on these factors to have a positive impact on the quality of sleep., This research was supported by: Grants from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Pandemies, 202PANDE00053) and La Marató de TV3 Foundation (202111-30-31-32) to MG.- Grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Madrid (PI22/01687, ISCIII) and Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (2021SGR 00761) to GPR., Peer Reviewed, Membres del NAUTILUS-Project Collaborative Group: Vanesa Arauzo j, Jose A. Bernia j, Marta Balague-Marmaña k, Berta Valles-Pauls k, Ester Gonzalez-Aguado l, Carme Tayó-Juli l, Eva Forcadell-Ferreres m, Silvia Reverte-Vilarroya m, Susanna Forné n, Anna Bartes-Plans o, Jordina Muñoz-Padros o, Jose A. Muñoz-Moreno p, Anna Prats-Paris p, Inmaculada Rico q, Nuria Sabé q, Marta Almeria r, Laura Casas r, Maria José Ciudad s, Anna Ferré s, Tamar Garzon t, Marta Cullell u, Sonia Vega u, Sílvia Alsina v, Maria J. Maldonado-Belmonte w, Susana Vazquez-Rivera w, Eva Baillès x, Sandra Navarro x / j Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain; k Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Consorci Sanitari Integral Jesús Caballero, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; l Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès-Garraf, Vilafranca de Penedés, Barcelona, Spain; m Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain; n Fundació Sant Hospital de la Seu d’Urgell, La Seu d’Urgell, Lleida, Spain; o Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, Spain; p Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions – Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; q Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; r Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; s Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; t Manuela Lozano, Institut d’Assistència Sanitària, Girona, Spain; u Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, Girona, Spain; v Fundació Hospital de Puigcerdà, Puigcerdà, Girona, Spain; w Hospital Universitario Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain; x Servei Andorrà d’Atenció Sanitària (SAAS), Andorra, Postprint (published version)

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with fibromyalgia report alarming levels of suicidal ideation, and comorbidity with other chronic health conditions such as obesity - a risk factor for suicidal ideation per se- could further complicate the clinical picture. The aim of this study is to determine, in a sample of women with fibromyalgia and comorbid obesity, the prevalence of suicidal ideation and to evaluate clinical, pain-related and psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation. METHODS: 156 female individuals with fibromyalgia and obesity were recruited and completed a series of self-report measures that assessed i) the level of pain intensity, ii) depressive symptomatology, iii) sleep quality, and iv) pain catastrophizing. Suicidal ideation was evaluated by item #9 of the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, information regarding previous suicide attempts and current opioid use was collected. RESULTS: 37.8% of participants reported presence of suicidal ideation. According to the results of the multiple logistic regression, depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing were associated with the presence of suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION: The presence of suicidal ideation in our sample was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing. Our findings are the first to suggest a unique (i.e., independent of depressive symptomatology, and sleep quality) association between pain catastrophizing and suicidal ideation in the context of fibromyalgia and comorbid obesity. In order to prevent and reduce suicidal ideation, these factors should be assessed and targeted in interventions for pain management. Future research should investigate the extent to which addressing depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing reduces suicidal ideation., Research funded by the Italian Ministry of Health.

Objectives: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is associated with decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system. The objective of this study was to determine the associations between objective measures of heart rate variability (a measure of autonomic nervous system function), actigraphy (a measure of activity and sleep quality), respiration rates, and subjective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, disability, the effect of pain on sleep, and life quality. Methods: Thirty-eight study subjects were divided into two subgroups, including low symptoms of central sensitization (n = 18) and high symptoms of central sensitization (n = 20), based on patient-reported scores on the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Heart rate variability (HRV) and actigraphy measurements were carried out simultaneously in 24 h measurement during wakefulness and sleep. Results: A decrease in HRV during the first 2 h of sleep was stronger in the low CSI subgroup compared to the high CSI subgroup. Otherwise, all other HRV and actigraphy parameters and subjective measures of central sensitization, disability, kinesiophobia, the effect of pain on sleep, and quality of life showed only little associations. Discussion: The high CSI subgroup reported significantly more severe symptoms of disability, kinesiophobia, sleep, and quality of life compared to the low CSI subgroup. However, there were only small and nonsignificant trend in increased sympathetic nervous system activity and poorer sleep quality on the high central sensitization subgroup. Moreover, very little differences in respiratory rates were found between the groups.

El sueño es un proceso fisiológico que desempeña un papel fundamental en la función cerebral sistémica de los diferentes sistemas corporales. La literatura científica asocia un sueño eficiente y de calidad a un óptimo desarrollo cognitivo, físico y socioemocional durante los primeros años de vida. Son muchos los preescolares que tienen problemas de sueño por un estilo de vida cada vez más digitalizado, con inactividad física que no cumple las recomendaciones mínimas de actividad diaria y dada la influencia del sueño en otras poblaciones, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar si una intervención de actividad física influye en la calidad y duración de sueño en preescolares. Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Cinahl y SPORTdiscus dando lugar finalmente a un resultado de 3 estudios incluidos y con una muestra total de 1959 sujetos. Los estudios analizados no mostraron influencia de una intervención de actividad física en la duración del sueño, pero sí en la calidad del sueño. La falta de evidencia en este tipo de poblaciones no hace posible sacar una conclusión clara, por lo tanto, parece imprescindible generar una línea de investigación para conocer de forma clara qué tipo de intervención basada en actividad física puede influir positivamente sobre la cantidad y calidad del sueño en preescolares., Sleep is a physiological process that plays a fundamental role in systemic physiological brain function in many bodily systems. The scientific literature associates efficient and high-quality sleep with optimal cognitive, physical, and socioemotional development during the early years of life. Many preschoolers have sleep problems due to an increasingly digitized lifestyle with inadequate physical activity that does not meet the minimum daily activity recommendations. Given the influence of physical activity on sleep in other populations, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine whether a physical activity intervention influences the quality and duration of sleep in preschoolers. A search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Cinahl, and SPORTdiscus databases using established inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final outcome of 3 included studies. The analyzed studies did not show an influence of physical activity intervention on sleep duration but did on sleep quality. The lack of evidence in this population makes it impossible to draw a clear conclusion; therefore, it is essential to generate a research line to clearly understand what type of physical activity-based intervention can positively influence the quantity and quality of sleep in preschoolers.

El sueño es un proceso fisiológico que desempeña un papel fundamental en la función cerebral sistémica de los diferentes sistemas corporales. La literatura científica asocia un sueño eficiente y de calidad a un óptimo desarrollo cognitivo, físico y socioemocional durante los primeros años de vida. Son muchos los preescolares que tienen problemas de sueño por un estilo de vida cada vez más digitalizado, con inactividad física que no cumple las recomendaciones mínimas de actividad diaria y dada la influencia del sueño en otras poblaciones, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar si una intervención de actividad física influye en la calidad y duración de sueño en preescolares. Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Cinahl y SPORTdiscus dando lugar finalmente a un resultado de 3 estudios incluidos y con una muestra total de 1959 sujetos. Los estudios analizados no mostraron influencia de una intervención de actividad física en la duración del sueño, pero sí en la calidad del sueño. La falta de evidencia en este tipo de poblaciones no hace posible sacar una conclusión clara, por lo tanto, parece imprescindible generar una línea de investigación para conocer de forma clara qué tipo de intervención basada en actividad física puede influir positivamente sobre la cantidad y calidad del sueño en preescolares., Sleep is a physiological process that plays a fundamental role in systemic physiological brain function in many bodily systems. The scientific literature associates efficient and high-quality sleep with optimal cognitive, physical, and socioemotional development during the early years of life. Many preschoolers have sleep problems due to an increasingly digitized lifestyle with inadequate physical activity that does not meet the minimum daily activity recommendations. Given the influence of physical activity on sleep in other populations, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine whether a physical activity intervention influences the quality and duration of sleep in preschoolers. A search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Cinahl, and SPORTdiscus databases using established inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final outcome of 3 included studies. The analyzed studies did not show an influence of physical activity intervention on sleep duration but did on sleep quality. The lack of evidence in this population makes it impossible to draw a clear conclusion; therefore, it is essential to generate a research line to clearly understand what type of physical activity-based intervention can positively influence the quantity and quality of sleep in preschoolers.

Objectives: It is widely known that sleep disorders are a common problem among older persons. Few reviews have described current knowledge about the holistic concept of sleep health of community-dwelling older people. Aim: This study aimed to describe the current state of knowledge and identify research gaps concerning sleep health among community-dwelling older persons. Method: We conducted a scoping review. Searches were conducted in three databases (Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) to identify scientific articles including outcomes with all five sleep health dimensions (sleep duration, sleep continuity, timing, wakefulness/daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality) among community-dwelling older persons aged ≥65 years. Eight articles were included from a total of 1826 hits, with sample sizes between 1413 and 6485. Results: The sleep health outcomes of community-dwelling older adults differed between the sexes. Older persons with at least two or more poor sleep health dimensions might have increased risk for depression, higher healthcare costs and mortality, while self-reported better sleep health might be associated with lower odds of frailty. Conclusion: Future research is needed to confirm the findings by investigating the multidimensional concept of sleep health in a general older population. The identified knowledge gaps are how persons ≥80 years’ experience their sleep health, and how sleep medicine is prescribed to treat sleep problems in persons ≥80 years in different care contexts.

Background: Prevalence of sleep disturbances, latency, and limited sleeping duration are highest during the adolescence phase. The possible cause is adoption of sedentary behavior that involves excessive screen time due to exposure to digital and electronic devices among adolescents. When the sleep quality is compromised it contributes to adverse health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between screen time and sleep quality among adolescents in Nordic countries Methods: The systematic literature review approach was considered in this research and a narrative synthesis was performed to determine whether there was a connection between screen time and sleep quality through the assessment of qualitative (n=4), quantitative (n=14), cross- sectional (n=9), and cohort (n=1) studies. A sample size of 28 articles was considered after the articles fulfilled the inclusion criterion standards. The population of the study comprised adolescents within the age bracket of 10 and 20 years in primary, high school, and university. The sleep quality outcomes that were measured include duration, latency, efficiency, and disturbances. Besides, the screen time outcomes that were measures are timing, type, and duration. Results: There is a significant association between sleep timing including daytime and nighttime use of digital and electronic devices with the sleep quality outcomes. Also, there is a positive relationship between duration of screen time and sleep quality outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries. However, there was an insignificant relationship between type of digital devices either smartphone, tablet, computer, or television with the sleep quality outcomes of adolescents. 2Conclusions: The research outcomes showed that high screen time in regards to timing such as daytime and nighttime contributes to low quality sleep outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries, but the type of devices is not important. There was signif, This thesis uses a comprehensive literature review of 28 studies to investigate how screen time affects the quality of sleep that teenagers in Nordic countries get. Teenagers who use digital devices more often tend to have higher screen times, which contributes to their frequent sleep disruptions and poorer quality of sleep. In order to measure sleep length, latency, efficiency, and disruptions in connection to the timing, type, and duration of screen time, the study analysed qualitative, quantitative, cross-sectional, and cohort studies concentrating on teenagers aged 10 to 20. The results suggest that while the type of device used had no discernible effect, there are substantial connections between screen time—both during the day and at night—and poor sleep quality. These findings highlight the necessity for additional study on the relationship between screen time length and teenage sleep, which has significant ramifications for public health.

Studierende stehen vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen wie akademischem Druck oder finanziellen Sorgen, was zu erheblichem Stresserleben führen kann. Diese Belastung kann zu langfristigen negativen Auswirkungen wie zum Beispiel Studienabbrüche führen. Aus Angst vor Stigmatisierung zögern Studierende oft, professionelle Hilfe zu suchen. Stressmanagementprogramme im Internet zeigen sich als vielversprechende Lösung aufgrund ihrer leichten Zugänglichkeit und Kosteneffizienz. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit erforscht die Effekte eines internetbasierten Stressmanagementtrainings auf Stresserleben und körperliche Faktoren bei Studierenden. Hierzu wurde ein 7-wöchiges, App-basiertes Programm namens „Care4Stress" entwickelt. Insgesamt 220 Proband*innen wurden randomisiert einer begleiteten oder unbegleiteten Gruppe zugeteilt. In der begleiteten Gruppe erhielten die Teilnehmenden Unterstützung durch einen eCoach, während der unbegleiteten Gruppe standardisierte Nachrichten zugesandt wurden. Zur Evaluierung der Programmwirksamkeit wurden vor und nach der Intervention verschiedene Fragebögen eingesetzt. Das subjektive Stresserleben wurde durch die Depressions-Angst-Stressskala (DASS-21) erfasst. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität wurde mittels des Short-Form-Health-Surveys (SF-12) gemessen, die Schlafqualität durch den Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Die körperliche Aktivität wurde mit dem German Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-50+) ermittelt, und das Diätverhalten wurde durch den Eat Attitudes Test (EAT-26) erfasst. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigten eine signifikante Verbesserung des Stresserlebens und der Schlafqualität in beiden Gruppen. In Bezug auf die Lebensqualität ergaben sich signifikante Auswirkungen in beiden Gruppen, zum einen hinsichtlich einer Steigerung der psychischen Lebensqualität, zum anderen hinsichtlich einer Abnahme der körperlichen Lebensqualität. Hingegen wurden keine signifikanten Effekte bezüglich der körperlichen Aktivität und des Diätver, Students face a variety of challenges such as academic pressure or financial worries, which can lead to considerable stress. This stress can have long-term negative effects such as dropping out of university. Students are often reluctant to seek professional help for fear of stigmatization. Online stress management programs show promise as a solution due to their easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. This master's thesis investigates the effects of an internet-based stress management training program on stress and physical factors in students. A 7-week, app-based program called "Care4Stress" was developed and a total of 220 subjects were randomly assigned to a guided or unguided group. In the guided group, participants received support from an eCoach, while the unguided group received standardized messages. Various questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program before and after the intervention. The subjective experience of stress was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Health-related quality of life was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Physical activity was determined using the German Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-50+), and dietary behavior was measured using the Eat Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The results of the study showed a significant improvement in stress levels and sleep quality in both groups. There were significant effects on quality of life in both groups, with an increase in psychological quality of life and a decrease in physical quality of life. However, no significant effects were found regarding physical activity and dietary behavior. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the mentioned variables between the guided and unguided groups. Nevertheless, the results suggests that internet-based stress management programs as a low-barrier offer for students could have the potential to improve stress, eingereicht von: Marlena Sophia Schlegel, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

Objective: Individuals with fibromyalgia report alarming levels of suicidal ideation, and comorbidity with other chronic health conditions such as obesity—a risk factor for suicidal ideation per se—could further complicate the clinical picture. The aim of this study is to determine, in a sample of women with fibromyalgia and comorbid obesity, the prevalence of suicidal ideation and to evaluate clinical, pain-related and psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation. Methods: In total, 156 female individuals with fibromyalgia and obesity were recruited and completed a series of self-report measures that assessed (i) the level of pain intensity, (ii) depressive symptomatology, (iii) sleep quality, and (iv) pain catastrophizing. Suicidal ideation was evaluated by item #9 of the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, information regarding previous suicide attempts and current opioid use was collected. Results: 3n sum, 7.8% of participants reported presence of suicidal ideation. According to the results of the multiple logistic regression, depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing were associated with the presence of suicidal ideation. Discussion: The presence of suicidal ideation in our sample was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing. Our findings are the first to suggest a unique (ie, independent of depressive symptomatology, and sleep quality) association between pain catastrophizing and suicidal ideation in the context of fibromyalgia and comorbid obesity. In order to prevent and reduce suicidal ideation, these factors should be assessed and targeted in interventions for pain management. Future research should investigate the extent to which addressing depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and pain catastrophizing reduces suicidal ideation.

Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

[Abstract] Objective. To determine the efficacy of two physiotherapeutic interventions – aquatic therapy (AT) and land-based therapy (LBT) – for reducing pain in women with fibromyalgia. Design. Single-blind, randomised controlled, equivalence trial. Setting. Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Association in A Coruña, Spain. Participants. Forty women with fibromyalgia were assigned at random in a 1:1 manner to two groups: AT (n = 20) and LBT (n = 20). Interventions. Two therapeutic exercise programmes, with 60-min sessions, were undertaken three times per week for 12 weeks. Sessions were carried out in groups by a trained physiotherapist. Outcome. The primary outcome was pain intensity (visual analogue scale). The secondary outcomes were pressure pain threshold (algometer), quality of life (Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and physical ability (6-Minute Walk Test). Patients were evaluated at baseline, 12 weeks (post-treatment) and 18 weeks (follow-up). The statistical analysis was per-protocol. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. Effect size was calculated. Results. The mean age was 50 [standard deviation (SD) 9] years, with median body mass index of 27 [interquartile range (IQR) 25–30] kg/m2 and median symptom duration of 11 (IQR 6–15) years. No differences were observed between the groups post-treatment, but differences in favour of AT were found in pain intensity [2.7 (IQR 1.5-4.9) vs 5.5 (IQR 3.3-7.6); p= 0.023; large effect, Cohen's d= 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-1.5] and sleep quality [12.0 (IQR 7.3-15.3) vs 15.0 (IQR 13.0-17.0); p= 0.030; large effect, Cohen's d= 0.8; 95% CI 0.1-1.5] at follow-up. Conclusions. The results suggest that AT is better than LBT for reducing pain intensity and improving sleep quality after 6 weeks of follow-up. AT may be a good treatment option for women with fibromyal

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la calidad de sueño y la adaptación cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional transversal y analítico, realizado en 106 estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias de la salud de una universidad privada en Lima. Se aplicó el Índice de Calidad de sueño de Pittsburg (PSQI) para evaluar la variable de calidad de sueño, el Test de Ruffier-Dickson para valorar la variable de adaptación cardiovascular, el Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT) para evaluar riesgo de alcoholismo y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) para valorar el nivel de actividad física. Resultados: El 75,5% de participantes tenía mala calidad de sueño y el 26,4% tenía ineficiente o mala adaptación cardiovascular. La prevalencia de ineficiente o mala adaptación cardiovascular en aquellos con mala calidad de sueño fue 1,66 veces mayor que la prevalencia de ineficiente o mala adaptación cardiovascular en aquellos que tenían buena calidad de sueño, pero esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (RP=1,66; p=0,321). Conclusiones: No se encontró una asociación entre la calidad de sueño y la adaptación cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud., Objective: To evaluate the association between sleep quality and cardiovascular adaptation in health sciences university students. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical observational study, carried out on 106 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of a private university in Lima. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to evaluate the sleep quality variable, the Ruffier-Dickson Test to evaluate the cardiovascular adaptation variable, the Alcohol Consumption Disorders Identification Questionnaire (AUDIT) to assess the risk of alcoholism and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess the level of physical activity. Results: 75.5% of participants had poor sleep quality and 26.4% had inefficient or poor cardiovascular adaptation. The prevalence of inefficient or poor cardiovascular adaptation in those with poor sleep quality was 1.66 times higher than the prevalence of inefficient or poor cardiovascular adaptation in those with good sleep quality, but this difference was not statistically significant (PR=1.66; p =0.321). Conclusions: No association was found between sleep quality and cardiovascular adaptation in health sciences university students., Tesis

Bakgrund Sömnkvalitet är betydande för livskvalitet. Sömnbrist leder till att kroppen inte fungerar optimalt. Äldre personer som bor på särskilt boende riskerar att utsättas för försämrad sömnkvalitet. Ofta behandlas sömnsvårigheter med sömnläkemedel, vilket kan skapa negativa biverkningar. Omvårdnadens centrala mål är hälsa, välbefinnande och livskvalitet. Sjuksköterskan ansvar för bedömning av omvårdnadsåtgärder. Att identifiera samt utveckla individuella och förebyggande icke- farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder är viktigt för att skapa förutsättningar att förbättra sömnkvaliteten hos äldre. Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder som främjar sömnkvalitet hos äldre på särskilt boende. Metod Denna litteraturöversikt utfördes med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska litteraturstudier baserat på 15 vetenskapliga originalartiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat Litteraturöversiktens resultat visar att främjande omvårdnadsåtgärder som fysisk aktivitet, socialt samspel, minskade depressiva symtom samt sensorisk stimuli har positiva effekter på äldres sömnkvalitet. Sjuksköterskan är viktig när det gäller att ge handledning och stöd i det sömnfrämjande arbetet. Slutsats Omvårdnadsåtgärder som identifierades och som visade sig kunna förbättra sömnkvalitet är fysisk aktivitet, socialt samspel, sensorisk stimuli samt åtgärder för att minska depressiva symtom. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att handleda i team samt ge stöd utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt., Background Quality of sleep is significant for quality of life. With lack of sleep, the body does not function optimally. Older people living in nursing homes are exposed to impaired sleepquality. Often, insomnia is treated with sleep medications, which can contribute to negative side effects. The central goals of nursing are health, well-being, and quality of life. The nurse is responsible for the assessment of nursing interventions. To identify and develop individual and preventive non pharmacological nursing interventions to create conditions to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly are important. Aim The aim of the literature review was to describe nursing interventions that promote sleepquality in elderly people living in nursing homes. Method This literature reviews were conducted with elements of the methodology used in systematic literature reviews based on 15 original scientific articles from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results The results of this literature review show that promoting nursing interventions such as physical activity, social interaction, reduced depressive symptoms and sensory stimuli have positive effects on the sleep quality of the elderly. The nurse is important when it comes to providing guidance and support in the sleep promotion work. Conclusions Nursing interventions that were identified and that were shown to improve sleep qualityare physical activity, social interaction, sensory stimuli as well as measures to reduce depressive symptoms. The nurse has a responsibility to supervise in teams and provide support based on a person-centered approach.

To assess self-reported quantity and quality of sleep in Dutch children with a chronic condition compared to healthy controls and to the recommended hours of sleep for youth. Sleep quantity and quality were analyzed in children with a chronic condition (cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, congenital heart disease, (auto-)immune disease, and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS); n = 291; 15 ± 3.1 years, 63% female. A subset of 171 children with a chronic condition were matched to healthy controls using Propensity Score matching, based on age and sex, ratio 1:4. Self-reported sleep quantity and quality were assessed with established questionnaires. Children with MUS were analyzed separately to distinguish between chronic conditions with and without an identified pathophysiological cause. Generally, children with a chronic condition met the recommended amount of sleep, however 22% reported poor sleep quality. No significant differences in sleep quantity and quality were found between the diagnosis groups. Children with a chronic condition and with MUS slept significantly more than healthy controls at ages 13, 15, and 16. Both at primary and secondary school, poor sleep quality was least frequent reported in children with a chronic condition and most often reported in children with MUS. Conclusion: Overall, children with chronic conditions, including MUS, met the recommended hours of sleep for youth, and slept more than healthy controls. However, it is important to obtain a better understanding of why a substantial subset of children with chronic conditions, mostly children with MUS, still perceived their sleep quality as poor.What is Known:• According to the Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep medicine, typically developing children (6 to 12 years) should sleep 9 to 12 h per night, and adolescents (13 to 18 years) should sleep 8 to 10 h per night.• Literature on the optimal quantity and quality of sleep in children with a chronic condition is v

Burnout Syndrome is a consequence of chronic stress, characterized by depersonalization, emotional exhaustion and a feeling of poor personal fulfillment, having psychological and physical manifestations, including variations in the quality and pattern of sleep, considered a primary physiological function to preserve the integrity of the body. health of individuals. The present investigation aims to determine the presence of Burnout Syndrome in doctors in a hospital, through (MBI-HSS), and seek its association with sleep quality by applying (PSQI). The design was observational, analytical, prospective, cross-sectional. Chi-square (X2) was used to analyze the association between the main variables, with a statistical significance of p < 0.05, the rest was expressed with descriptive statistics through measures of central tendency for the quantitative variables; frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables. Obtaining prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in non-family doctors of 66%. Median length of service of 12 years, mean age of 44 years, and mode of number of jobs of 2. 60.3% of subjects with poor sleep quality in the non-family doctor category and 80% of people with Burnout Syndrome had poor quality of sleep, concluding that there is a relationship between Burnout Syndrome and poor quality of sleep., El Síndrome de Burnout es consecuencia del estrés crónico, caracterizándose por despersonalización, agotamiento emocional y sensación de pobre realización personal, teniendo manifestaciones psiciológicas y físicas, incluyendo variaciones en la calidad y patrón del sueño, considerada una función fisiológica primordial para conservar la integridad de la salud de los individuos.La presente investigación pretende determinar la presencia de Síndrome de Burnout en médicos de un hospital, a través de (MBI-HSS), y buscar su asociación a la calidad del sueño aplicando (PSQI). El diseño fue observacional, analítico, prospectivo, corte transversal. Se utilizó Chi-cuadrada (X2) para analizar la asociación entre las variables principales, con una significancia estadística de p< 0.05, el resto se expresó con estadística descriptiva a través de medidas de tendencia central para las variables cuantitativas; frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas. Obteniendo prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en médicos no familiares del 66%. Mediana en la antigüedad laboral de 12 años, media en la edad de 44 años, y moda en el número de empleos de 2. El 60.3% de los sujetos con mala calidad del sueño de categoría de médico no familiar y el 80% de las personas con Síndrome de Burnout tuvo una mala calidad del sueño, concluyendo que existe relación entre el Síndrome de Burnout y una mala calidad del sueño.

The aim was to compare dietary habits, sleep quality, and eating patterns during work hours between nursing staff working in the operating room with on-call duties and those with rotating shifts in the recovery room, at a Class A hospital affiliated with the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, during the year 2023. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative approach was employed. A survey was administered through the Google Forms platform to nursing professionals of both genders, aged 18 to 65, working in the operating room with on-call duties and the recovery room with rotating shifts. The Pearson's Chi-squared test was utilized with a significance level of 5%. Results: The majority of the population (42.64%) fell within the age range of 26 to 35 years. In the operating room, male personnel predominated (67.65%), while in the recovery room, female personnel dominated with a similar percentage. The Pearson's Chi-squared test indicated no statistically significant differences in dietary habits, sleep quality, and eating patterns during work hours between both populations. Conclusions: No significant relationship was found between dietary habits, sleep quality, and eating patterns during work hours among nursing staff with on-call duties in the operating room and those with rotating shifts in the recovery room., El objetivo fue comparar los hábitos alimentarios, la calidad del sueño y los patrones alimenticios durante la jornada laboral entre el personal de enfermería que realiza guardias en la sala de operaciones y aquellos con turnos rotativos en el salón de recuperación, en un hospital de Clase A perteneciente a la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, durante el año 2023. Materiales y Métodos: Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta elaborada en la plataforma Google Forms a profesionales de enfermería de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 65 años, que desempeñan sus funciones en la sala de operaciones con guardias y en el salón de recuperación con turnos rotativos. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (nivel de significancia del 5%). Resultados: La población mayoritaria (42.64%) se encontró en el rango de edades de 26 a 35 años. En la sala de operaciones, predominó el personal masculino (67.65%), mientras que en sala de recuperación el personal femenino con similar porcentaje. La prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, indicó que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a hábitos alimentarios, calidad del sueño y patrones alimenticios durante la jornada laboral entre ambas poblaciones. Conclusiones: no se encontró relación significativa entre hábitos alimentarios, calidad del sueño y patrones alimenticios durante la jornada laboral entre el personal de enfermería con guardias y aquellos con turnos rotativos.

BACKGROUND // During lasts years, the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have boomed up, as well as their related- harmful behaviours. Parallel, time and quality of sleep has reduced along current society, which implies negatively in health in medium and long-terms. The present study aims to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and quality of sleep of a subpopulation of young students. METHODS // An observational transversal study has been performed in Certificate of Medium and Higher Education from a High school of Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, Spain), who filled up a survey related to their lifestyle habits and the use of ICTs. Furthermore, the survey also included several variables related to quality of sleep by using Pittsburgh test. Bivariate comparisons using student test or Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-square or exact test depending on the variable were performed. Afterwards, logistic regression was also done. RESULTS // The study sample were 286 students (43.4% women) were included being 22.2±7.3 years old on average. 99.7% of them owned mobile phone, using it 42 hours per week. Average total score of Pittsburgh test was 6.4±3.5, being higher in women (7.36±3.8) than in men (5.62±3.1). Moreover, 51.7% of surveyed students suffered from sleep disorders, being associated to several risk factors, such us using mobile phone while lying and without light (OR=2.04; CI95% [1.12-3.73]), using mobile phone in the middle of the night (OR=1.9; CI95% [1.06-3.42]) and drinking and smoking (OR=2.28; CI95% [1.14-4.55]). On the other hand, practising sports was defined as protector factor (OR=0.43; CI95% [0.26-0.72]). CONCLUSIONS // More than half of surveyed suffer from sleep disorders, mainly derived from the inadequate use of ICTs, showing differences between genders., FUNDAMENTOS // Durante los últimos años se ha incrementado el uso de nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), así como los comportamientos nocivos en relación a su uso. Paralelamente, se ha descrito un descenso en el tiempo y calidad del sueño, lo cual repercute negativamente en la salud a medio y largo plazo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la asociación de los diferentes hábitos con la calidad del sueño de una subpoblación de jóvenes estudiantes. MÉTODOS // Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal de ciclos formativos en un instituto de educación secundaria de Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real), basado en una encuesta sobre hábitos de vida y uso de nuevas tecnologías, además de diferentes variables relacionadas con el sueño, evaluadas mediante el índice de Pittsburgh. Se hicieron comparaciones bivariadas mediante t de student o U de Mann Whitney, o test de Chi-cuadrado (o test exacto) según variables. Posteriormente se realizó regresión logística. RESULTADOS // La muestra estuvo compuesta por 286 estudiantes con una edad media de 22,2±7,3 y siendo mujeres un 43,4%. El 99,7% tenía teléfono móvil, el cual utilizaban de media 42 horas a la semana. La puntuación media del test de Pittsburgh fue de 6,4±3,5, siendo mayor en las mujeres (7,36±3,8) que en los hombres (5,62±3,1). El 51,7% de los encuestados presentaban trastornos de sueño, siendo los factores asociados el uso del móvil acostado y sin luz (OR=2,04; IC95% [1,12-3,73]), el uso del móvil en mitad de la noche (OR=1,9; IC95% [1,06-3,42]), el consumo de tabaco y alcohol (OR=2,28; IC95% [1,14-4,55]) y hacer deporte como factor protector (OR=0,43 IC95% [0,26-0,72]). CONCLUSIONES // Más de la mitad de los encuestados presentan trastornos de sueño, fundamentalmente debido a un uso inadecuado de las TIC, existiendo diferencias claras entre hombres y mujeres.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of self-identified race with sleep quality in heavy smokers. METHODS: We studied baseline data from 1965 non-Hispanic White and 462 African American participants from SPIROMICS with ≥ 20 pack-years smoking history. We first examined the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexs (PSQI) internal consistency and item-total correlation in a population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We then used staged multivariable regression to investigate the association of race and sleep quality as measured by the PSQI) The first model included demographics, the second added measures of health status, and the third, indicators of socioeconomic status. We next explored the correlation between sleep quality with 6-minute walk distance and St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire score as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-relevant outcomes. We tested for interactions between self-identified race and the most important determinants of sleep quality in our conceptual model. RESULTS: We found that the PSQI had good internal consistency and item-total correlation in our study population of heavy smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. African American race was associated with increased PSQI in univariable analysis and after adjustment for demographics, health status, and socioenvironmental exposures (P = .02; 0.44 95%CI: .06 to .83). Increased PSQI was associated with higher postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second and lower household income, higher depressive symptoms, and female sex. We identified an interaction wherein depressive symptoms had a greater impact on PSQI score for non-Hispanic White than African American participants (P for interaction = .01). CONCLUSIONS: In heavy smokers, self-reported African American race is independently associated with worse sleep quality. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Study of COPD Subgroups and Biomarkers (SPIROMICS); URL: https

ObjectivesWe investigated the prospective association between (a) ADHD symptom dimensions, including their persistence and (b) adult sleep quality in a female sample, covarying adult depressive symptoms.MethodsParticipants comprised four persistence groups (persisters, partials, desisters, and comparison) based on overall ADHD diagnosis and separate dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) in childhood, late adolescence, and early adulthood, featuring girls with (n = 140) and without (n = 88) carefully diagnosed ADHD.ResultsOnly persistence of inattention predicted lower adult sleep quality when covarying young-adult depression, which was also a significant predictor. When additionally covarying stimulant medication use in adulthood, inattention persistence lost significance, although depression maintained significance, with medication use predicting worse sleep quality.ConclusionsPersistence of inattentive (but not HI) symptoms was significantly related to adult sleep quality in the context of concurrent depression. Sleep quality is an important outcome for research on and treatment for ADHD.

In this paper, an adaptive temporal-causal network model is presented for a normal night’s sleep and for how disturbances and their timing interfere with such a normal night of sleep. The goal of this computational model is to explore the area of how sleep disturbances influence a person’s health. This was achieved by simulating single and multiple sleep disturbances during sleep episodes and measuring the effect on light, deep, and REM sleep. The main finding from the simulated scenarios in this study is that disturbances, depending on their timing, can cause a lack of deep and/or REM sleep. This implies that sleep disturbances might lead to insufficient physical and/or emotional recovery.