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INTRODUCTION: Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psychosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the pregnancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future research. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for English-language abstracts published from Jan 1960-Jan 2017. Search terms were related to stress and psychosocial health; pregnancy; infant or child development; and LMICs. RESULTS: 48 articles were identified. Sixty percent of studies were in upper-middle, 25% in lower-middle, and 15% in low income countries. Most studies used questionnaires, either existing or tailor-made, to assess stress. Eight assessed cortisol. Most studies (n = 31) assessed infant outcomes at birth, particularly gestational age or preterm birth (n = 22, 12 showing significant relationships), and birthweight (n = 21, 14 showing significant relationships). Five studies analyzed outcomes later in infancy such as temperament and motor development, all showing significant results; and nine in childhood such as behavioral development, asthma, and physical growth, with eight showing significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of prenatal stress on infant and child outcomes in LMICs. Methods used in high-income countries are successfully employed in LMICs, but tailored tools remain necessary. Careful assessment of covariates is needed to foster analyses of interactive effects and pathways. Studies including longer-term follow-up should be prioritized.

This project focuses on the consequences of decisions to reunify children who had entered the looked-after system for abuse or neglect. It compares the progress and outcomes of a sample of maltreated children who either went home or remained in the looked-after system.

This project focuses on the consequences of decisions to reunify children who had entered the looked-after system for abuse or neglect. It compares the progress and outcomes of a sample of maltreated children who either went home or remained in the looked-after system.

This project focuses on the consequences of decisions to reunify children who had entered the looked-after system for abuse or neglect. It compares the progress and outcomes of a sample of maltreated children who either went home or remained in the looked-after system.

This project focuses on the consequences of decisions to reunify children who had entered the looked-after system for abuse or neglect. It compares the progress and outcomes of a sample of maltreated children who either went home or remained in the looked-after system.

Partial contents: Software for simulation and optimisation applied to ship control systems; Management of software with a long life span; Software guidelines for development of digital control systems; Statistical analysis of autopilot performance; Estimating the wave spectrum and the roll angle and its derivates with an extended Kalman filter; Comparison of steering control algorithms for optimized autopilots; Data dependent statistical analysis for ship optimal control; The machinery control room for onboard training; flexible controls for a flexible ship; Surface effect ship ride control system; Integrated damage control system., See also Volume 5, ADA211137.

The Jetleach reactor comprises a gas tube in which a gas such as oxygen is maintained under a modest pressure by an annular pulp column. Pulp streams are injected into the gas tube such that they impinge on each other at relatively high velocities (60 to 120 km/h). The application of the Jetleach reactor to the cyanidation of gold ores in the presence of oxygen minimises oxygen consumption. The attrition of ore particles and cavitation in the liquid phase contribute to more rapid and complete gold dissolution. In a 2 tonne/h pilot plant, the Jetleach circuit produced a 51.5% recovery from gold residues in a 3 h cyanidation period compared with a 43.2% recovery in a parallel conventional cyanide leach circuit. As a result of attrition in the Jetleach reactor the d50 of the tailings material treated was reduced from 44 to 32 microns. The application of the reactor to refractory Barberton ores (roasted gold tailings and flotation concentrate) suggested that a combination of fine grinding and pressure-attrition leaching could produce recoveries comparable with those of the roast-leach and bacterial oxidation-leach alternatives., The Jetleach reactor comprises a gas tube in which a gas such as oxygen is maintained under a modest pressure by an annular pulp column. Pulp streams are injected into the gas tube such that they impinge on each other at relatively high velocities (60 to 120 km/h). The application of the Jetleach reactor to the cyanidation of gold ores in the presence of oxygen minimises oxygen consumption. The attrition of ore particles and cavitation in the liquid phase contribute to more rapid and complete gold dissolution. In a 2 tonne/h pilot plant, the Jetleach circuit produced a 51.5% recovery from gold residues in a 3 h cyanidation period compared with a 43.2% recovery in a parallel conventional cyanide leach circuit. As a result of attrition in the Jetleach reactor the d50 of the tailings material treated was reduced from 44 to 32 microns. The application of the reactor to refractory Barberton ores (roasted gold tailings and flotation concentrate) suggested that a combination of fine grinding and pressure-attrition leaching could produce recoveries comparable with those of the roast-leach and bacterial oxidation-leach alternatives.

A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is presented whereby constituent ingredients are bound together in a solid-state lattice. This reduces the batch inconsistencies arising from the traditional approach of combining powders by ensuring the key ingredients are ‘mixed’ in appropriate quantities and are in intimate contact. Further benefits of these types of material are increased safety levels as well as simpler logistics, storage and manufacture. A systematic series of new frameworks comprising fuel and oxidiser agents (group 1 and 2 metal nodes & terephthalic acid derivatives as linkers) has been synthesised and structurally characterised. These new materials have been assessed for pyrotechnic effect by calorimetry and burn tests. Results indicate that these materials exhibit the desired pyrotechnic material properties and the effect can be correlated to the dimensionality of the structure. A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is proposed whereby constituent ingredients are bound together in a solid-state lattice. A series of Metal–organic framework frameworks comprising fuel and oxidiser agents exhibits the desired properties of a pyrotechnic material and this effect is correlated to the dimensionality of the structure.

INTRODUCTION: Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psychosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the pregnancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future research. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for English-language abstracts published from Jan 1960-Jan 2017. Search terms were related to stress and psychosocial health; pregnancy; infant or child development; and LMICs. RESULTS: 48 articles were identified. Sixty percent of studies were in upper-middle, 25% in lower-middle, and 15% in low income countries. Most studies used questionnaires, either existing or tailor-made, to assess stress. Eight assessed cortisol. Most studies (n = 31) assessed infant outcomes at birth, particularly gestational age or preterm birth (n = 22, 12 showing significant relationships), and birthweight (n = 21, 14 showing significant relationships). Five studies analyzed outcomes later in infancy such as temperament and motor development, all showing significant results; and nine in childhood such as behavioral development, asthma, and physical growth, with eight showing significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of prenatal stress on infant and child outcomes in LMICs. Methods used in high-income countries are successfully employed in LMICs, but tailored tools remain necessary. Careful assessment of covariates is needed to foster analyses of interactive effects and pathways. Studies including longer-term follow-up should be prioritized.