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We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multi-wavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and OVRO. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wavebands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-rays. A significant correlation ($>$3$\sigma$) between X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between Swift-XRT and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy $\gamma$-rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the $\gamma$-ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux ($>$0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2-year-long low-state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED towards the low-state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock., Comment: 55 pages, 30 figures, 14 tables, accepted by APJS. Corresponding authors are L. Heckmann, D. Paneque, S. Gasparyan, M. Cerruti, and N. Sahakyan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of widely used nuclear medicine imaging agents as possible methods to study the early effects of systemic inflammation on the living brain in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine systemic inflammation model was selected as a model of SAE. Procedures: C57BL/6 mice were used. A multimodal imaging protocol was carried out on each animal 4 h following the intravenous administration of LPS using the following tracers: [99mTc][2,2-dimethyl-3-[(3E)-3-oxidoiminobutan-2-yl]azanidylpropyl]-[(3E)-3-hydroxyiminobutan-2-yl]azanide ([99m Tc]HMPAO) and ethyl-7-[125I]iodo-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]ben-zodiazepine-3-carboxylate ([125I]iomazenil) to measure brain perfusion and neuronal damage, respectively; 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) to measure cerebral glucose uptake. We assessed microglia activity on another group of mice using 2-[6-chloro-2-(4-[125I]iodo-phenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-acetamide ([125I]CLINME). Radiotracer uptakes were measured in different brain regions and correlated. Microglia activity was also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Brain glutathione levels were measured to investigate oxidative stress. Results: Significantly reduced perfusion values and significantly enhanced [18F]FDG and [125I]CLINME uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group. Following perfusion compensation, enhanced [125I]iomazenil uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group’s hippocampus and cerebellum. In this group, both [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake showed highly negative correlation to perfusion measured with ([99mTc]HMPAO uptake in all brain regions. No significant differences were detected in brain glutathione levels between the groups. The CD45 and P2Y12 double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed widespread microglia activation in the LPS-treated group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that [125I]CLINME and

The quick development of the LED has changed the overall field of lighting technology triggering the need for updating all sorts of documents and literature in the field of lighting. The German lighting association LiTG has initiated a project to work on a new, completely revised version of the book "Beleuchtungstechnik" by Roland Baer. This new 4th edition of the book was published in September 2016 and forms the result of the collaborative authorship of more than 20 individuals who are actively involved in lighting education. The book addresses the needs of lighting designers, educators and students from various fields of application. It serves as a source of information for the daily practice as well as study material to support efforts of students in Bachelor and Master programs.

The quick development of the LED has changed the overall field of lighting technology triggering the need for updating all sorts of documents and literature in the field of lighting. The German lighting association LiTG has initiated a project to work on a new, completely revised version of the book "Beleuchtungstechnik" by Roland Baer. This new 4th edition of the book was published in September 2016 and forms the result of the collaborative authorship of more than 20 individuals who are actively involved in lighting education. The book addresses the needs of lighting designers, educators and students from various fields of application. It serves as a source of information for the daily practice as well as study material to support efforts of students in Bachelor and Master programs.

Introduction Radiometals are finding more and more applications in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. For PET imaging, all the novel radiometals are directly or indirectly produced on cyclotrons. Key step in their production is achieving proper radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, as well as high specific activity. Automation of the process enhances reproducibility, shortens necessary operations and decreases radiation burden. We have, therefore, developed universal radio-metal automated laboratory workbench (RALW) that is focused on separation processes from solid and liquid (solution) targets via solid phase extraction (SPE). Material and Methods RALW is versatile platform for separation, formulation and simple labeling processes. The following FIG. 1 displays its basic scheme. RALW´s main parts are: two reactors, two selec-tors, peristaltic pump, 3/2 way valves, and separation column. Prime reactor R1 is designed to carry out several functions. It can transport solid target material from shielding container to process position, or handle liquid target filling. In both cases, the reactor is leakagefree up to 5 bars. There are 4 positions available to bring solvents to the reactor 1 or applying on a SPE column according to the separation sequence with use of peristaltic pump. Smart software allows for collecting defined fractions leaving the column, e.g. enriched target matrix and the desired radionuclide, by monitoring activity profile and controlling the splitting valves. The system also minimizes losses during transport of the solvents/fractions to the reactor R2 and the software also controls final volume settings (activity concentration) of the product. Up to three positions are available for bringing solvents/solutions to the reactor R2 for formulation or simple labeling steps like chelation. The system’s hardware is driven by a PLC and I/O cards. The PLC is placed outside the module to avoid radiation damage. The module, PLC and host PC com

Introduction Radiometals are finding more and more applications in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. For PET imaging, all the novel radiometals are directly or indirectly produced on cyclotrons. Key step in their production is achieving proper radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, as well as high specific activity. Automation of the process enhances reproducibility, shortens necessary operations and decreases radiation burden. We have, therefore, developed universal radio-metal automated laboratory workbench (RALW) that is focused on separation processes from solid and liquid (solution) targets via solid phase extraction (SPE). Material and Methods RALW is versatile platform for separation, formulation and simple labeling processes. The following FIG. 1 displays its basic scheme. RALW´s main parts are: two reactors, two selec-tors, peristaltic pump, 3/2 way valves, and separation column. Prime reactor R1 is designed to carry out several functions. It can transport solid target material from shielding container to process position, or handle liquid target filling. In both cases, the reactor is leakagefree up to 5 bars. There are 4 positions available to bring solvents to the reactor 1 or applying on a SPE column according to the separation sequence with use of peristaltic pump. Smart software allows for collecting defined fractions leaving the column, e.g. enriched target matrix and the desired radionuclide, by monitoring activity profile and controlling the splitting valves. The system also minimizes losses during transport of the solvents/fractions to the reactor R2 and the software also controls final volume settings (activity concentration) of the product. Up to three positions are available for bringing solvents/solutions to the reactor R2 for formulation or simple labeling steps like chelation. The system’s hardware is driven by a PLC and I/O cards. The PLC is placed outside the module to avoid radiation damage. The module, PLC and host PC com

Introduction Radiometals are finding more and more applications in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. For PET imaging, all the novel radiometals are directly or indirectly produced on cyclotrons. Key step in their production is achieving proper radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, as well as high specific activity. Automation of the process enhances reproducibility, shortens necessary operations and decreases radiation burden. We have, therefore, developed universal radio-metal automated laboratory workbench (RALW) that is focused on separation processes from solid and liquid (solution) targets via solid phase extraction (SPE). Material and Methods RALW is versatile platform for separation, formulation and simple labeling processes. The following FIG. 1 displays its basic scheme. RALW´s main parts are: two reactors, two selec-tors, peristaltic pump, 3/2 way valves, and separation column. Prime reactor R1 is designed to carry out several functions. It can transport solid target material from shielding container to process position, or handle liquid target filling. In both cases, the reactor is leakagefree up to 5 bars. There are 4 positions available to bring solvents to the reactor 1 or applying on a SPE column according to the separation sequence with use of peristaltic pump. Smart software allows for collecting defined fractions leaving the column, e.g. enriched target matrix and the desired radionuclide, by monitoring activity profile and controlling the splitting valves. The system also minimizes losses during transport of the solvents/fractions to the reactor R2 and the software also controls final volume settings (activity concentration) of the product. Up to three positions are available for bringing solvents/solutions to the reactor R2 for formulation or simple labeling steps like chelation. The system’s hardware is driven by a PLC and I/O cards. The PLC is placed outside the module to avoid radiation damage. The module, PLC and host PC com

Introduction Radiometals are finding more and more applications in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. For PET imaging, all the novel radiometals are directly or indirectly produced on cyclotrons. Key step in their production is achieving proper radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, as well as high specific activity. Automation of the process enhances reproducibility, shortens necessary operations and decreases radiation burden. We have, therefore, developed universal radio-metal automated laboratory workbench (RALW) that is focused on separation processes from solid and liquid (solution) targets via solid phase extraction (SPE). Material and Methods RALW is versatile platform for separation, formulation and simple labeling processes. The following FIG. 1 displays its basic scheme. RALW´s main parts are: two reactors, two selec-tors, peristaltic pump, 3/2 way valves, and separation column. Prime reactor R1 is designed to carry out several functions. It can transport solid target material from shielding container to process position, or handle liquid target filling. In both cases, the reactor is leakagefree up to 5 bars. There are 4 positions available to bring solvents to the reactor 1 or applying on a SPE column according to the separation sequence with use of peristaltic pump. Smart software allows for collecting defined fractions leaving the column, e.g. enriched target matrix and the desired radionuclide, by monitoring activity profile and controlling the splitting valves. The system also minimizes losses during transport of the solvents/fractions to the reactor R2 and the software also controls final volume settings (activity concentration) of the product. Up to three positions are available for bringing solvents/solutions to the reactor R2 for formulation or simple labeling steps like chelation. The system’s hardware is driven by a PLC and I/O cards. The PLC is placed outside the module to avoid radiation damage. The module, PLC and host PC com

SAINT is a FORTRAN based, network-oriented, combined simulation language for modeling large, complex systems with continuous and discrete event components that interact and possess time varying properties. The acronym stands for Systems Analysis of Integrated Networks of Tasks. The paper presents an overview of the basic features and concepts incorporated into SAINT and reviews some of the applications made to date. References are provided to the reports documenting SAINT and its applications. (Author), Presented at the Simulation Special Interest Group Conference (1978), 4-6 Sep 78, Canberra, Australia.

Hot Isostatic Processing (HIP) has grown from a laboratory curiosity to the brink of broad commercial application in only 20 years. What was initially conceived as a relatively low-volume process for cladding high-cost nuclear fuel elements has grown to a process capable of processing several tons of low-cost material, such as high-speed tool steel, in a single, rapid cycle. This report presents a historical perspective on the rapid development of this process and gives a comprehensive description of the technology which has evolved. It also recognizes the individuals and corporations who have contributed to the rapid growth and concludes with the authors' future perspective to the development of HIP.

The feasibility of restoring the fatigue properties of fatigue damaged Ti-6Al-4V using hot isostatic processing (HIP) was investigated. Ti-6Al-4V specimens in the beta solution treated and over-aged condition were fatigue damaged to two levels of damage: just before crack initiation and after crack initiation. The fatigue specimens were coated with a Ti-6Al-4V coating after damaging to isolate the surface cracks from the HIP atmosphere and cause them to be closed during HIP. Metallographic examination showed the cracks were not all bridged by the coating and these unbridged cracks did not close during HIP. Evidence was obtained to indicate the fatigue cracks which were bridged by the coating could be closed and bonded under appropriate conditions. The results of the fatigue damage, coating and HIP experiments indicated that the total fatigue life of fatigue damaged specimens could be extended by coating and HIP, including specimens having surface fatigue cracks. Although the feasibility of the process has been demonstrated, further work to explore other coating procedures and more extensive fatigue testing is required to define the full potential and limitations of the process. (Author)

The report summarizes the investigation of the use of Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) processing to heal defects in Navy Gun Metal castings. The effects of HIP processing temperature at 15,000-psi pressure on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and cast-in porosity in G-metal were investigated. HIP at temperatures between 1250 and 1500 F were found to practically eliminate porosity. Gas permeable porosity was eliminated in every case. Increases in yield strength of 14 percent, ultimate tensile strength of 37 percent, and elongation of 100 percent were obtained compared to as-cast properties. Dendritic segregation was reduced and second phase material redissolved as a result of HIP processing. The HIP conditions developed were applied to the processing of cast 4-in. flex connector bodies with generally similar results. (Modified author abstract)

D. Seifert, Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

D. Seifert, Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

D. Seifert, Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Comparative studies concerning the contamination of pastures and standardised cultures of permanent grass by heavy-metal containing emissions from a modern zinc electrolysis plant have been made for 2 years in order to judge the usability of a pasture ground for the grazing of cattle. The investigations showed that the feeding of cattle in pasture grounds which are located only 300, away from the emittent is possible without noticeable influence., Comparative studies concerning the contamination of pastures and standardised cultures of permanent grass by heavy-metal containing emissions from a modern zinc electrolysis plant have been made for 2 years in order to judge the usability of a pasture ground for the grazing of cattle. The investigations showed that the feeding of cattle in pasture grounds which are located only 300, away from the emittent is possible without noticeable influence.