Search

Your search keyword '"Schramm, E."' showing total 40 results
Start Over Author "Schramm, E." Database OAIster
40 results on '"Schramm, E."'

1. Kompostprodukte aus hygienisierten Fäkalien und Pflanzenkohle: Bedürfnisse der Nutzenden, Kooperationsmodelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen

Author

Ebert, B., Birzle-Harder, B., Douhaire, C., Hübner, Tobias, Schramm, E., Winker, M., Ebert, B., Birzle-Harder, B., Douhaire, C., Hübner, Tobias, Schramm, E., and Winker, M.

Abstract

Im BMBF-Vorhaben Bio-FAVOR wurde demonstriert, dass die Inhalte aus Komposttoiletten zu einem hochwertigen nährstoff- und kohlenstoffreichen Kompost qualitätsgesichert verarbeitet werden können. Entsprechende Verwertungsketten lassen sich mit Hilfe eines Kooperationsmanagements aufbauen. Eine sozialempirische Untersuchung belegt eine große Bereitschaft der Befragten, ihn auf Balkons, Verandas und in Freizeitgärten als Dünger oder Bodenverbesserer einzusetzen. Aktuell ist jedoch eine rechtssichere Vermarktung in diesem Bereich nicht möglich. Hinweise, wie hier der Rechtsrahmen angepasst werden kann, werden gegeben. Ein umfangreiches Rechtsgutachten, das auch die neue Düngeproduktverordnung der EU behandelt, bildet den Anhang der Veröffentlichung.In the context of the BMBF project Bio-FAVOR, it was demonstrated that the contents from composting toilets can in a quality-assured manner be processed into a high-quality compost that is rich in nutrients and carbon. The according recycling chains can be established with the help of cooperation management. A socio-empirical survey shows that respondents are quite willing to use it on balconies, verandas and in leisure gardens as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. Currently, however, legally secure marketing in this area is not yet possible. So, advice is given on how the legal framework can be adapted in this field. In the appendix to the publication you will find a comprehensive legal opinion that also deals with the EU's new regulation on fertilizer products.

Published
2021

2. Ethik in der Psychotherapie

Author

Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-9778, Strauss, B, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( B ), Trachsel, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-3631, Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-9778, Strauss, B, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( B ), and Trachsel, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-3631

Published
2021

3. Kognitive bewältigungsorientierte Verhaltenstherapie mit Paaren

Author

Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, Bernhard, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( Bernhard ), Kuhn, Rebekka; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3011, Bodenmann, Guy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-6409, Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, Bernhard, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( Bernhard ), Kuhn, Rebekka; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3011, and Bodenmann, Guy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-6409

Published
2021

4. Settingspezifische Psychotherapie

Author

Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, Bernhard, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( Bernhard ), Baumeister, H, Bodenmann, Guy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-6409, Domhardt, M, Ebert, David Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-0146, Köllner, V, Kröger, Christoph, Kuhn, Rebekka; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3011, Martin, Alexandra, Messner, E-M, Spitzer, Carsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-285X, Weise, C, Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, Bernhard, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( Bernhard ), Baumeister, H, Bodenmann, Guy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-6409, Domhardt, M, Ebert, David Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-0146, Köllner, V, Kröger, Christoph, Kuhn, Rebekka; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3011, Martin, Alexandra, Messner, E-M, Spitzer, Carsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-285X, and Weise, C

Published
2021

5. Anpassungsstörungen

Author

Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, B, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( B ), Bachem, Rahel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-6020, Maercker, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-3266, Rief, Winfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-2250, Schramm, Elisabeth, Strauss, B, Rief, W ( Winfried ), Schramm, E ( Elisabeth ), Strauss, B ( B ), Bachem, Rahel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-6020, and Maercker, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-3266

Published
2021

6. Komposttoiletten als Ausgangspunkt für sichere Düngeprodukte. Composting toilets as starting point for safe fertilizer products

Author

Schramm, E., Douhaire, C., Hübner, Tobias, Schramm, E., Douhaire, C., and Hübner, Tobias

Abstract

Mobile Toilettenanlagen können Alternativen zur wasserwirtschaftlichen Entsorgung der menschlichen Fäkalien sein. Sie ermöglichen es dabei, Kreisläufe gewässerschonend zu schließen, wenn die aufgefangenen Fäkalien nicht anschließend als Abwasser behandelt werden. Untersucht wurden die Akzeptanz von Komposttoiletten sowie die Möglichkeiten zur Aufbereitung der Inhalte. Sachgerechte Abfallschlüssel und düngerechtliche Vorschriften können so einen stofflichen Kreislauf sichern.

Published
2021

7. Kompostprodukte aus hygienisierten Fäkalien und Pflanzenkohle: Bedürfnisse der Nutzenden, Kooperationsmodelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen

Author

Ebert, B., Birzle-Harder, B., Douhaire, C., Hübner, Tobias, Schramm, E., Winker, M., Ebert, B., Birzle-Harder, B., Douhaire, C., Hübner, Tobias, Schramm, E., and Winker, M.

Abstract

Im BMBF-Vorhaben Bio-FAVOR wurde demonstriert, dass die Inhalte aus Komposttoiletten zu einem hochwertigen nährstoff- und kohlenstoffreichen Kompost qualitätsgesichert verarbeitet werden können. Entsprechende Verwertungsketten lassen sich mit Hilfe eines Kooperationsmanagements aufbauen. Eine sozialempirische Untersuchung belegt eine große Bereitschaft der Befragten, ihn auf Balkons, Verandas und in Freizeitgärten als Dünger oder Bodenverbesserer einzusetzen. Aktuell ist jedoch eine rechtssichere Vermarktung in diesem Bereich nicht möglich. Hinweise, wie hier der Rechtsrahmen angepasst werden kann, werden gegeben. Ein umfangreiches Rechtsgutachten, das auch die neue Düngeproduktverordnung der EU behandelt, bildet den Anhang der Veröffentlichung.In the context of the BMBF project Bio-FAVOR, it was demonstrated that the contents from composting toilets can in a quality-assured manner be processed into a high-quality compost that is rich in nutrients and carbon. The according recycling chains can be established with the help of cooperation management. A socio-empirical survey shows that respondents are quite willing to use it on balconies, verandas and in leisure gardens as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. Currently, however, legally secure marketing in this area is not yet possible. So, advice is given on how the legal framework can be adapted in this field. In the appendix to the publication you will find a comprehensive legal opinion that also deals with the EU's new regulation on fertilizer products.

Published
2021

8. Interactive impact of childhood maltreatment, depression, and age on cortical brain structure: mega-analytic findings from a large multi-site cohort

Author

Tozzi, L, Garczarek, L, Janowitz, D, Stein, DJ, Wittfeld, K, Dobrowolny, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Buelow, R, Voelzke, H, Klinger-Koenig, J, Schnell, K, Schoepf, D, Grotegerd, D, Opel, N, Dannlowski, U, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Kircher, T, Jueksel, DI, Nenadic, I, Krug, A, Hahn, T, Steinstraeter, O, Redlich, R, Zaremba, D, Zurowski, B, Fu, CHY, Dima, D, Cole, J, Grabe, HJ, Connolly, CG, Yang, TT, Ho, TC, Lewinn, KZ, Li, M, Groenewold, NA, Salminen, LE, Walter, M, Simmons, AN, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Hibar, DP, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Frodl, T, Tozzi, L, Garczarek, L, Janowitz, D, Stein, DJ, Wittfeld, K, Dobrowolny, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Buelow, R, Voelzke, H, Klinger-Koenig, J, Schnell, K, Schoepf, D, Grotegerd, D, Opel, N, Dannlowski, U, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Kircher, T, Jueksel, DI, Nenadic, I, Krug, A, Hahn, T, Steinstraeter, O, Redlich, R, Zaremba, D, Zurowski, B, Fu, CHY, Dima, D, Cole, J, Grabe, HJ, Connolly, CG, Yang, TT, Ho, TC, Lewinn, KZ, Li, M, Groenewold, NA, Salminen, LE, Walter, M, Simmons, AN, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Hibar, DP, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, and Frodl, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment (CM) plays an important role in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to examine whether CM severity and type are associated with MDD-related brain alterations, and how they interact with sex and age. METHODS: Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, severity and subtypes of CM using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were assessed and structural magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with MDD and healthy controls were analyzed in a mega-analysis comprising a total of 3872 participants aged between 13 and 89 years. Cortical thickness and surface area were extracted at each site using FreeSurfer. RESULTS: CM severity was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the banks of the superior temporal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus as well as with reduced surface area of the middle temporal lobe. Participants reporting both childhood neglect and abuse had a lower cortical thickness in the inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal lobe, and precuneus compared to participants not exposed to CM. In males only, regardless of diagnosis, CM severity was associated with higher cortical thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a significant interaction between CM and age in predicting thickness was seen across several prefrontal, temporal, and temporo-parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Severity and type of CM may impact cortical thickness and surface area. Importantly, CM may influence age-dependent brain maturation, particularly in regions related to the default mode network, perception, and theory of mind.

Published
2020

9. Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) Arzneimittelrückstände in Trinkwasser und Gewässern

Author

Klauer, Bernd, Aicher, Christoph, Bratan, T., Eberle, U., Hillenbrand, T., Kümmerer, K., Reuter, W., Schiller, Johannes, Schulte-Römer, Nona, Schramm, E., Tettenborn, F., Völker, C., Walz, A., Klauer, Bernd, Aicher, Christoph, Bratan, T., Eberle, U., Hillenbrand, T., Kümmerer, K., Reuter, W., Schiller, Johannes, Schulte-Römer, Nona, Schramm, E., Tettenborn, F., Völker, C., and Walz, A.

Published
2020

10. Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) Arzneimittelrückstände in Trinkwasser und Gewässern

Author

Klauer, Bernd, Aicher, Christoph, Bratan, T., Eberle, U., Hillenbrand, T., Kümmerer, K., Reuter, W., Schiller, Johannes, Schulte-Römer, Nona, Schramm, E., Tettenborn, F., Völker, C., Walz, A., Klauer, Bernd, Aicher, Christoph, Bratan, T., Eberle, U., Hillenbrand, T., Kümmerer, K., Reuter, W., Schiller, Johannes, Schulte-Römer, Nona, Schramm, E., Tettenborn, F., Völker, C., and Walz, A.

Published
2020

11. Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, drug, or their combination for persistent depressive disorder: Personalizing the treatment choice using individual participant data network metaregression

Author

Furukawa, T.A., Efthimiou, O., Weitz, E.S., Cipriani, A., Keller, M.B., Kocsis, J.H., Klein, D.N., Michalak, J., Salanti, G., Cuijpers, P., Schramm, E., Furukawa, T.A., Efthimiou, O., Weitz, E.S., Cipriani, A., Keller, M.B., Kocsis, J.H., Klein, D.N., Michalak, J., Salanti, G., Cuijpers, P., and Schramm, E.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Persistent depressive disorder is prevalent, disabling, and often difficult to treat. The cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) is the only psychotherapy specifically developed for its treatment. However, we do not know which of CBASP, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, or their combination is the most efficacious and for which types of patients. This study aims to present personalized prediction models to facilitate shared decision-making in treatment choices to match patients' characteristics and preferences based on individual participant data network metaregression. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials comparing any two of CBASP, pharmacotherapy, or their combination and sought individual participant data from identified trials. The primary outcomes were reduction in depressive symptom severity for efficacy and dropouts due to any reason for treatment acceptability. RESULTS: All 3 identified studies (1,036 participants) were included in the present analyses. On average, the combination therapy showed significant superiority over both monotherapies in terms of efficacy and acceptability, while the latter 2 treatments showed essentially similar results. Baseline depression, anxiety, prior pharmacotherapy, age, and depression subtypes moderated their relative efficacy, which indicated that for certain subgroups of patients either drug therapy or CBASP alone was a recommendable treatment option that is less costly, may have fewer adverse effects and match an individual patient's preferences. An interactive web app (https://kokoro.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp/CBASP/prediction/) shows the predicted disease course for all possible combinations of patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Individual participant data network metaregression enables treatment recommendations based on individual patient characteristics. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel. KEYWORDS: Cognitive-beha

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, drug, or their combination for persistent depressive disorder: Personalizing the treatment choice using individual participant data network metaregression

Author

Furukawa, T.A., Efthimiou, O., Weitz, E.S., Cipriani, A., Keller, M.B., Kocsis, J.H., Klein, D.N., Michalak, J., Salanti, G., Cuijpers, P., Schramm, E., Furukawa, T.A., Efthimiou, O., Weitz, E.S., Cipriani, A., Keller, M.B., Kocsis, J.H., Klein, D.N., Michalak, J., Salanti, G., Cuijpers, P., and Schramm, E.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Persistent depressive disorder is prevalent, disabling, and often difficult to treat. The cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) is the only psychotherapy specifically developed for its treatment. However, we do not know which of CBASP, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, or their combination is the most efficacious and for which types of patients. This study aims to present personalized prediction models to facilitate shared decision-making in treatment choices to match patients' characteristics and preferences based on individual participant data network metaregression. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials comparing any two of CBASP, pharmacotherapy, or their combination and sought individual participant data from identified trials. The primary outcomes were reduction in depressive symptom severity for efficacy and dropouts due to any reason for treatment acceptability. RESULTS: All 3 identified studies (1,036 participants) were included in the present analyses. On average, the combination therapy showed significant superiority over both monotherapies in terms of efficacy and acceptability, while the latter 2 treatments showed essentially similar results. Baseline depression, anxiety, prior pharmacotherapy, age, and depression subtypes moderated their relative efficacy, which indicated that for certain subgroups of patients either drug therapy or CBASP alone was a recommendable treatment option that is less costly, may have fewer adverse effects and match an individual patient's preferences. An interactive web app (https://kokoro.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp/CBASP/prediction/) shows the predicted disease course for all possible combinations of patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Individual participant data network metaregression enables treatment recommendations based on individual patient characteristics. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel. KEYWORDS: Cognitive-beha

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group.

Author

Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Sämann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bülow, R, Selonke, M, Völzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Krämer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Sämann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bülow, R, Selonke, M, Völzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Krämer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, and Veltman, DJ

Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017

14. Subcortical brain structure and suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis from the ENIGMA-MDD working group.

Author

Rentería, ME, Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, Hickie, IB, Rentería, ME, Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, and Hickie, IB

Abstract

The aetiology of suicidal behaviour is complex, and knowledge about its neurobiological mechanisms is limited. Neuroimaging methods provide a noninvasive approach to explore the neural correlates of suicide vulnerability in vivo. The ENIGMA-MDD Working Group is an international collaboration evaluating neuroimaging and clinical data from thousands of individuals collected by research groups from around the world. Here we present analyses in a subset sample (n=3097) for whom suicidality data were available. Prevalence of suicidal symptoms among major depressive disorder (MDD) cases ranged between 29 and 69% across cohorts. We compared mean subcortical grey matter volumes, lateral ventricle volumes and total intracranial volume (ICV) in MDD patients with suicidal symptoms (N=451) vs healthy controls (N=1996) or MDD patients with no suicidal symptoms (N=650). MDD patients reporting suicidal plans or attempts showed a smaller ICV (P=4.12 × 10-3) or a 2.87% smaller volume compared with controls (Cohen's d=-0.284). In addition, we observed a nonsignificant trend in which MDD cases with suicidal symptoms had smaller subcortical volumes and larger ventricular volumes compared with controls. Finally, no significant differences (P=0.28-0.97) were found between MDD patients with and those without suicidal symptoms for any of the brain volume measures. This is by far the largest neuroimaging meta-analysis of suicidal behaviour in MDD to date. Our results did not replicate previous reports of association between subcortical brain structure and suicidality and highlight the need for collecting better-powered imaging samples and using improved suicidality assessment instruments.

Published
2017

15. Subcortical brain structure and suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis from the ENIGMA-MDD working group

Author

Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, De Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, Van Der Wee, N, Van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, Hickie, IB, Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, De Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, Van Der Wee, N, Van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, and Hickie, IB

Abstract

The aetiology of suicidal behaviour is complex, and knowledge about its neurobiological mechanisms is limited. Neuroimaging methods provide a noninvasive approach to explore the neural correlates of suicide vulnerability in vivo. The ENIGMA-MDD Working Group is an international collaboration evaluating neuroimaging and clinical data from thousands of individuals collected by research groups from around the world. Here we present analyses in a subset sample (n = 3097) for whom suicidality data were available. Prevalence of suicidal symptoms among major depressive disorder (MDD) cases ranged between 29 and 69% across cohorts. We compared mean subcortical grey matter volumes, lateral ventricle volumes and total intracranial volume (ICV) in MDD patients with suicidal symptoms (N = 451) vs healthy controls (N = 1996) or MDD patients with no suicidal symptoms (N = 650). MDD patients reporting suicidal plans or attempts showed a smaller ICV (P = 4.12 × 10 - 3) or a 2.87% smaller volume compared with controls (Cohen's d = - 0.284). In addition, we observed a nonsignificant trend in which MDD cases with suicidal symptoms had smaller subcortical volumes and larger ventricular volumes compared with controls. Finally, no significant differences (P = 0.28-0.97) were found between MDD patients with and those without suicidal symptoms for any of the brain volume measures. This is by far the largest neuroimaging meta-analysis of suicidal behaviour in MDD to date. Our results did not replicate previous reports of association between subcortical brain structure and suicidality and highlight the need for collecting better-powered imaging samples and using improved suicidality assessment instruments.

Published
2017

16. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author

Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Veltman, D.J. (Dick)

Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Subcortical brain structure and suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis from the ENIGMA-MDD working group

Author

Renteria, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, Hickie, IB, Renteria, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, and Hickie, IB

Abstract

The aetiology of suicidal behaviour is complex, and knowledge about its neurobiological mechanisms is limited. Neuroimaging methods provide a noninvasive approach to explore the neural correlates of suicide vulnerability in vivo. The ENIGMA-MDD Working Group is an international collaboration evaluating neuroimaging and clinical data from thousands of individuals collected by research groups from around the world. Here we present analyses in a subset sample (n=3097) for whom suicidality data were available. Prevalence of suicidal symptoms among major depressive disorder (MDD) cases ranged between 29 and 69% across cohorts. We compared mean subcortical grey matter volumes, lateral ventricle volumes and total intracranial volume (ICV) in MDD patients with suicidal symptoms (N=451) vs healthy controls (N=1996) or MDD patients with no suicidal symptoms (N=650). MDD patients reporting suicidal plans or attempts showed a smaller ICV (P=4.12 × 10-3) or a 2.87% smaller volume compared with controls (Cohen's d=-0.284). In addition, we observed a nonsignificant trend in which MDD cases with suicidal symptoms had smaller subcortical volumes and larger ventricular volumes compared with controls. Finally, no significant differences (P=0.28-0.97) were found between MDD patients with and those without suicidal symptoms for any of the brain volume measures. This is by far the largest neuroimaging meta-analysis of suicidal behaviour in MDD to date. Our results did not replicate previous reports of association between subcortical brain structure and suicidality and highlight the need for collecting better-powered imaging samples and using improved suicidality assessment instruments.

Published
2017

18. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author

Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Saemann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Buelow, R, Selonke, M, Voelzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Kraemer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Saemann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Buelow, R, Selonke, M, Voelzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Kraemer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, and Veltman, DJ

Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017

19. Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression

Author

Frodl, T, Janowitz, D, Schmaal, L, Tozzi, L, Dobrowolny, H, Stein, DJ, Veltman, DJ, Wittfeld, K, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Grotegerd, D, Arolt, V, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Dannlowski, U, Grabe, HJ, Frodl, T, Janowitz, D, Schmaal, L, Tozzi, L, Dobrowolny, H, Stein, DJ, Veltman, DJ, Wittfeld, K, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Grotegerd, D, Arolt, V, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Dannlowski, U, and Grabe, HJ

Abstract

Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression.

Published
2017

20. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group.

Author

Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Sämann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bülow, R, Selonke, M, Völzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Krämer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Sämann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bülow, R, Selonke, M, Völzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Krämer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, and Veltman, DJ

Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017

21. Subcortical brain structure and suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis from the ENIGMA-MDD working group.

Author

Rentería, ME, Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, Hickie, IB, Rentería, ME, Rentería, ME, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, N, van Erp, TGM, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Penninx, BWJH, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Wright, MJ, Martin, NG, Christensen, H, and Hickie, IB

Abstract

The aetiology of suicidal behaviour is complex, and knowledge about its neurobiological mechanisms is limited. Neuroimaging methods provide a noninvasive approach to explore the neural correlates of suicide vulnerability in vivo. The ENIGMA-MDD Working Group is an international collaboration evaluating neuroimaging and clinical data from thousands of individuals collected by research groups from around the world. Here we present analyses in a subset sample (n=3097) for whom suicidality data were available. Prevalence of suicidal symptoms among major depressive disorder (MDD) cases ranged between 29 and 69% across cohorts. We compared mean subcortical grey matter volumes, lateral ventricle volumes and total intracranial volume (ICV) in MDD patients with suicidal symptoms (N=451) vs healthy controls (N=1996) or MDD patients with no suicidal symptoms (N=650). MDD patients reporting suicidal plans or attempts showed a smaller ICV (P=4.12 × 10-3) or a 2.87% smaller volume compared with controls (Cohen's d=-0.284). In addition, we observed a nonsignificant trend in which MDD cases with suicidal symptoms had smaller subcortical volumes and larger ventricular volumes compared with controls. Finally, no significant differences (P=0.28-0.97) were found between MDD patients with and those without suicidal symptoms for any of the brain volume measures. This is by far the largest neuroimaging meta-analysis of suicidal behaviour in MDD to date. Our results did not replicate previous reports of association between subcortical brain structure and suicidality and highlight the need for collecting better-powered imaging samples and using improved suicidality assessment instruments.

Published
2017

24. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author

Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Samann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, Daniel, Ikram, Arfan, Vernooij, Meike, Niessen, Wiro, Tiemeier, Henning, Hofman, Bert, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bulow, R, Selonke, M, Volzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Kramer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, E, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, B, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Depressive, EM, Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Samann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, Daniel, Ikram, Arfan, Vernooij, Meike, Niessen, Wiro, Tiemeier, Henning, Hofman, Bert, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bulow, R, Selonke, M, Volzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Kramer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, E, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, B, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, and Depressive, EM

Published
2017

25. Response to Dr Fried & Dr Kievit, and Dr Malhi et al.

Author

Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Sämann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Sämann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, and Hibar, DP

Published
2016

26. Response to Dr Fried & Dr Kievit, and Dr Malhi et al.

Author

Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Gillespie, N.A., Hall, G.B., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Fischer, F.H., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Thompson, P.M., Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Gillespie, N.A., Hall, G.B., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Fischer, F.H., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Thompson, P.M., and Hibar, D.P. (Derrek)

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

Author

Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Völzke, H. (Henry), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Hall, G.B., MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Frey, E.M., Carballedo, A., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Cowen, P.J., Fischer, F.H., Rose, M., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Thompson, P.M., Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Völzke, H. (Henry), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Hall, G.B., MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Frey, E.M., Carballedo, A., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Cowen, P.J., Fischer, F.H., Rose, M., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Thompson, P.M., and Hibar, D.P. (Derrek)

Abstract

The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies resulting in limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics and brain morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients and 7199 controls from 15 research samples worldwide, to identify subcortical brain volumes that robustly discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls. Relative to controls, patients had significantly lower hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.14, % difference=-1.24). This effect was driven by patients with recurrent MDD (Cohen's d=-0.17, % difference=-1.44), and we detected no differences between first episode patients and controls. Age of onset ≤21 was associated with a smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.20, % difference=-1.85) and a trend toward smaller amygdala (Cohen's d=-0.11, % difference=-1.23) and larger lateral ventricles (Cohen's d=0.12, % difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion was not associated with any regional brain volumes. Sample characteristics such as mean age, proportion of antidepressant users and proportion of remitted patients, and methodological characteristics did not significantly moderate alterations in brain volumes in MDD. Samples with a higher proportion of antipsychotic medication users showed larger caudate volumes in MDD patients compared with controls. This currently largest worldwide effort to identify subcortical brain alterations showed robust smaller hippocampal volumes in MDD patients, moderated by age of onset and first episode versus recurrent episode status.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. European Psychiatric Association Guidance on Psychotherapy in Chronic Depression across Europe.

Author

Jobst, A., Brakemeier, E.L., Buchheim, A., Caspar, F., Cuijpers, P., Ebmeier, K.P., Falkai, P., van der Gaag, R.J., Gaebel, W., Herpertz, S., Kurimay, T., SabaB, L., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Torrent, C., Wasserman, D., Wiersma, J., Padberg, F., Jobst, A., Brakemeier, E.L., Buchheim, A., Caspar, F., Cuijpers, P., Ebmeier, K.P., Falkai, P., van der Gaag, R.J., Gaebel, W., Herpertz, S., Kurimay, T., SabaB, L., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Torrent, C., Wasserman, D., Wiersma, J., and Padberg, F.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Size matters; but so does what you do with it! Response

Author

Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Saemann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kraemer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Saemann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kraemer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, and Hibar, DP

Published
2016

30. Response to Dr Fried & Dr Kievit, and Dr Malhi et al.

Author

Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Sämann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Schmaal, L, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Sämann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, and Hibar, DP

Published
2016

33. European Psychiatric Association Guidance on Psychotherapy in Chronic Depression across Europe.

Author

Jobst, A., Brakemeier, E.L., Buchheim, A., Caspar, F., Cuijpers, P., Ebmeier, K.P., Falkai, P., van der Gaag, R.J., Gaebel, W., Herpertz, S., Kurimay, T., SabaB, L., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Torrent, C., Wasserman, D., Wiersma, J., Padberg, F., Jobst, A., Brakemeier, E.L., Buchheim, A., Caspar, F., Cuijpers, P., Ebmeier, K.P., Falkai, P., van der Gaag, R.J., Gaebel, W., Herpertz, S., Kurimay, T., SabaB, L., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Torrent, C., Wasserman, D., Wiersma, J., and Padberg, F.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Size matters; but so does what you do with it! Response

Author

Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Samann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, Meike, Niessen, Wiro, Ikram, Arfan, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Disorder, E NIGMA-Major Depressive, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Samann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, Meike, Niessen, Wiro, Ikram, Arfan, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, and Disorder, E NIGMA-Major Depressive

Published
2016

35. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

Author

Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Samann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Tiemeier, Henning, Hofman, Bert, Niessen, Wiro, Vernooij, Meike, Ikram, Arfan, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Volzke, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Wright, MJ, Hall, GB, MacQueen, GM, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Fischer, FH, Rose, M, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Samann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Tiemeier, Henning, Hofman, Bert, Niessen, Wiro, Vernooij, Meike, Ikram, Arfan, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Volzke, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Renteria, ME, Strike, LT, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Wright, MJ, Hall, GB, MacQueen, GM, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, MJ, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Cowen, PJ, Fischer, FH, Rose, M, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, and Hibar, DP

Abstract

The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies resulting in limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics and brain morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients and 7199 controls from 15 research samples worldwide, to identify subcortical brain volumes that robustly discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls. Relative to controls, patients had significantly lower hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.14, % difference=-1.24). This effect was driven by patients with recurrent MDD (Cohen's d=-0.17, % difference=-1.44), and we detected no differences between first episode patients and controls. Age of onset <= 21 was associated with a smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.20, % difference=-1.85) and a trend toward smaller amygdala (Cohen's d=-0.11, % difference=-1.23) and larger lateral ventricles (Cohen's d=0.12, % difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion was not associated with any regional brain volumes. Sample characteristics such as mean age, proportion of antidepressant users and proportion of remitted patients, and methodological characteristics did not significantly moderate alterations in brain volumes in MDD. Samples with a higher proportion of antipsychotic medication users showed larger caudate volumes in MDD patients compared with controls. This currently largest worldwide effort to identify subcortical brain alterations showed robust smaller hippocampal volumes in MDD patients, moderated by age of onset and first episode versus recurrent episode status.

Published
2016

36. Integrierte Systemlösungen als Strategie für eine nachhaltige und exportstarke Wasserwirtschaft

Author

Schramm, E., Kluge, T., Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., Sartorius, C., Schramm, E., Kluge, T., Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., and Sartorius, C.

Abstract

Zur Förderung und zum Ausbau der Stärken der deutschen Wasserwirtschaft und der Innovationsfähigkeit der Wirtschaftsnation Deutschland genügt es nicht, die derzeitigeForschungs- und Entwicklungsförderung nur fortzuführen. Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse des Verbundprojekts "Wasser2050", mit dem künftige Chancen für die deutsche Wasser-wirtschaft untersucht wurden.

Published
2013

37. Wasser 2050: nachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungen - künftige Chancen für die deutsche Wasserwirtschaft. Schlussbericht des BMBF-Projektes Förderkennzeichen BMBF 02WT0820

Author

Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., Klobasa, C., Lux, A., Liehr, S., Kluge, T., Partzsch, Lena, Sartorius, C., Schramm, E., Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., Klobasa, C., Lux, A., Liehr, S., Kluge, T., Partzsch, Lena, Sartorius, C., and Schramm, E.

Abstract

1. Ausgehend von bereits vorliegenden Länderstudien und existierenden Netzwerken zur Exportorientierung und aufbauend auf den langfristigen Szenarien zur globalen Wassersituation wurde untersucht, wie sich die Erfolgsbedingungen der deutschen Wasserindustrie verbessern und die vorhandenen Innovationspotenziale besser in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit realisieren lassen. 2. Durch Betrachtung möglicher Wassersituationen in 2050 sollte sowohl ein verbessertes Verständnis der Zukunftsaufgaben hergestellt als auch eine langfristig ausgerichtete Exportorientierung der deutschen Wasserindustrie stimuliert werden. 3. In der transdisziplinären Untersuchung wurden Bestandsanalysen und Zukunftsprojektionen (Delphi, Marktszenarien und Backcasting) kombiniert. 4. Langfristige Zielstellungen für die exportorientierte deutsche Wasserindustrie wurden aufgezeigt; neue Märkte liegen im Bereich von Systemlösungen, die bei geschickter Marktbereitung flächendeckend nachgefragt werden. Erfolgsbedingungen für nachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungen wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit wesentlichen Stakeholdern aus Wirtschaft und Forschung entwickelt. 5. Empfohlen wird die Konzentration der FuEAktivitäten in einem eigenen Bedarfsfeld Wasser mit der Förderung von Leuchtturmprojekten, die Entwicklung einer pro-aktiven Außenwirtschaftspolitik für Wasser, die Schaffung eines Risikokapital-Fonds, die Ausweitung und Koordination der Maßnahmen der export-orientierten Capacity Developments und die Schaffung einer eigenen Marke: „Deutsche Wassertechnik – nachhaltig, systemisch, innovativ“. Es bestehen bereits aktuell Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Wirtschaft. 4. Langfristige Zielstellungen für die exportorientiertedeutsche Wasserindustrie wurden aufgezeigt; neueMärkte liegen im Bereich von Systemlösungen, die beigeschickter Marktbereitung flächendeckendnachgefragt werden. Erfolgsbedingungen fürnachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungenwurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit wesentlichenStakeholde

Published
2010

38. Zielhorizont 2050: Systemische Innovationen verbessern die Chancen der deutschen Industrie auf dem Weltmarkt

Author

Beck, Silke, Hiessl, H., Kluge, T., Sartorius, C., Schramm, E., Beck, Silke, Hiessl, H., Kluge, T., Sartorius, C., and Schramm, E.

Abstract

Sowohl in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern als auch in den meisten Industrieländern besteht ein hoher Investitions- und Erneuerungsbedarf im Bereich der Wasserver- und -entsorgung. Aufgrund des weltweiten Investitionsbedarfs ist mit einem rasant wachsenden Markt für Wasser- und Abwassertechnologien zu rechnen. Das Verbundvorhaben ?Wasser2050" zielt darauf ab, die deutsche Wasserbranche besser auf diesen Zukunftsmarkt vorzubereiten. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Konzept der ?nachhaltigen Systeminnovationen", das sowohl den globalen Veränderungen (Klimawandel, Bevölkerungswachstum, Urbanisierung) als auch den Spezifika verschiedener Zielländer Rechnung tragen und gleichzeitig ein großes Exportpotenzial eröffnen könnte. Anhand verschiedener Szenarien wird gezeigt, wie das Konzept umgesetzt werden könnte und welche Schlussfolgerung für Politik und Wirtschaft daraus zu ziehen wären.

Published
2010

39. Wasser 2050: nachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungen - künftige Chancen für die deutsche Wasserwirtschaft. Schlussbericht des BMBF-Projektes Förderkennzeichen BMBF 02WT0820

Author

Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., Klobasa, C., Lux, A., Liehr, S., Kluge, T., Partzsch, Lena, Sartorius, C., Schramm, E., Beck, Silke, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hiessl, H., Klobasa, C., Lux, A., Liehr, S., Kluge, T., Partzsch, Lena, Sartorius, C., and Schramm, E.

Abstract

1. Ausgehend von bereits vorliegenden Länderstudien und existierenden Netzwerken zur Exportorientierung und aufbauend auf den langfristigen Szenarien zur globalen Wassersituation wurde untersucht, wie sich die Erfolgsbedingungen der deutschen Wasserindustrie verbessern und die vorhandenen Innovationspotenziale besser in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit realisieren lassen. 2. Durch Betrachtung möglicher Wassersituationen in 2050 sollte sowohl ein verbessertes Verständnis der Zukunftsaufgaben hergestellt als auch eine langfristig ausgerichtete Exportorientierung der deutschen Wasserindustrie stimuliert werden. 3. In der transdisziplinären Untersuchung wurden Bestandsanalysen und Zukunftsprojektionen (Delphi, Marktszenarien und Backcasting) kombiniert. 4. Langfristige Zielstellungen für die exportorientierte deutsche Wasserindustrie wurden aufgezeigt; neue Märkte liegen im Bereich von Systemlösungen, die bei geschickter Marktbereitung flächendeckend nachgefragt werden. Erfolgsbedingungen für nachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungen wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit wesentlichen Stakeholdern aus Wirtschaft und Forschung entwickelt. 5. Empfohlen wird die Konzentration der FuEAktivitäten in einem eigenen Bedarfsfeld Wasser mit der Förderung von Leuchtturmprojekten, die Entwicklung einer pro-aktiven Außenwirtschaftspolitik für Wasser, die Schaffung eines Risikokapital-Fonds, die Ausweitung und Koordination der Maßnahmen der export-orientierten Capacity Developments und die Schaffung einer eigenen Marke: „Deutsche Wassertechnik – nachhaltig, systemisch, innovativ“. Es bestehen bereits aktuell Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Wirtschaft. 4. Langfristige Zielstellungen für die exportorientiertedeutsche Wasserindustrie wurden aufgezeigt; neueMärkte liegen im Bereich von Systemlösungen, die beigeschickter Marktbereitung flächendeckendnachgefragt werden. Erfolgsbedingungen fürnachhaltige wasserwirtschaftliche Systemlösungenwurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit wesentlichenStakeholde

Published
2010

40. The Effects of Di-T-Butylperoxide on the Oxidative Stability of Polypropylene II.

Author

PICATINNY ARSENAL DOVER N J, Rubin,J., Schramm,E., PICATINNY ARSENAL DOVER N J, Rubin,J., and Schramm,E.

Abstract

The oxidative embrittlement of polypropylene film (5 mil) has been studied by measuring stress-strain behavior, molecular weight changes, and development of carbonyl concentration in the infrared spectrum. Oxidation was conducted both in air and in peroxide in the temperature range of 50-90C. The mechanical measurements show the effects of oxidation in the most responsive way; the embrittlement can be clearly seen as a sudden decrease in the elongation at break. Only a small decrease in average molecular weight has taken place at embrittlement, and the development of carbonyl concentration progresses even more slowly. After 6 hours at 70C in peroxide the elongation has decreased from 900% to 20%. To obtain a comparable decrease without peroxide, the film must be exposed for 6 days in the air oven at 70C. The molecular weight is not nearly as sensitive as the mechanical property effects. The use of infrared carbonyl concentration to follow degradation effects has been found to be ineffective. The cause of the drastic change in mechanical properties is believed to be the scission of tie molecules in the amorphous phase which interconnects crystalline regions. (Author, modified-PL)

Published
1970

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results