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From thinking of god to talking to Him. The paper shows the path which goes from common to proper nouns, from the 3rd to the 2nd person.. Distinguishes referring. and co-referring, focussing consequently on appealing and listening.. Silence and talk are variously intertwined. In the conclusion, half a Century of Philosophy of Religious Language in Italy is reviewd.

In the last years micro process engineering has developed rapidly and commercial interest has increased. While process intensification was demonstrated, the question remains whether this novel technology can lead to economic profits. In this context, a cost analysis is performed here for an economic fine chemical process of the customized chemical producer Azurchem GmbH, i.e. the formation of the 4-cyanophenylboronic acid, using the benefits of micro process technology supplied by IMM GmbH. This process is representative for several other fine and specialty chemical manufacturing processes proprietary to the Azurchem Gmbh. This is the first time that a cost analysis is made accessible in open literature for a commercial chemical product made by micro process engineering, i.e. for a real-case scenario with validated database, i.e. real yields, micro-chemical plant, chemical and operator costs. The conclusions from this particular case are extended to more general statements on the micro processing of the whole class of high-value fine chemicals. This is achieved via some potential case scenarios of conceivable improvements by means of capacity or selectivity increases and a comparison with a traditional manufacturing method based on batch processing. In this way, some fundamental issues on the suitability of this novel technology are revealed, i.e. how process intensification translates into business drivers.

AIM: To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and the histologic tissue responses after the application of different haemostatic agents used in periradicular surgery.METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in the calvarium of six rabbits. Standardized bone defects (diameter 4 mm) were trephined, and different haemostatic agents were applied and compared with control defects: bone wax (left for 10 min), Stasis (ferric sulphate, left for 5 s), Expasyl (aluminium chloride, left for 2 min and left permanently in situ), and a combination of Expasyl (2 min) and Stasis (5 s). The sites were photographed before the application and after the removal of the haemostatic agents. Three independent examiners judged the initial and final bleeding (on the photographs) using a bleeding score for each site and treatment. The results were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. For the histologic analysis, three animals were killed after 3 weeks and three animals after 12 weeks. Transverse, nondecalcified sections were stained with combined basic fuchsin and toluidine blue for descriptive histology.RESULTS: The most efficient haemorrhage control was provided by Expasyl in combination with Stasis and by Expasyl alone, whereas bone wax had the weakest bleeding reduction effect. The histologic analysis after 3 weeks demonstrated an inflammatory and foreign body tissue response towards all haemostatic agents. At 12 weeks, this tissue response was less pronounced but still present in sites treated with bone wax or Expasyl. In general, the inflammatory tissue reactions were limited to the bone defects, and never extended into the surrounding tissues.CONCLUSIONS: Expasyl alone or in combination with Stasis appeared to be the most efficient of tested agents to control the bleeding within the bony defects created in a rabbit calvarium model.

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/6

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/3

AIM: To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and the histologic tissue responses after the application of different haemostatic agents used in periradicular surgery.METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in the calvarium of six rabbits. Standardized bone defects (diameter 4 mm) were trephined, and different haemostatic agents were applied and compared with control defects: bone wax (left for 10 min), Stasis (ferric sulphate, left for 5 s), Expasyl (aluminium chloride, left for 2 min and left permanently in situ), and a combination of Expasyl (2 min) and Stasis (5 s). The sites were photographed before the application and after the removal of the haemostatic agents. Three independent examiners judged the initial and final bleeding (on the photographs) using a bleeding score for each site and treatment. The results were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. For the histologic analysis, three animals were killed after 3 weeks and three animals after 12 weeks. Transverse, nondecalcified sections were stained with combined basic fuchsin and toluidine blue for descriptive histology.RESULTS: The most efficient haemorrhage control was provided by Expasyl in combination with Stasis and by Expasyl alone, whereas bone wax had the weakest bleeding reduction effect. The histologic analysis after 3 weeks demonstrated an inflammatory and foreign body tissue response towards all haemostatic agents. At 12 weeks, this tissue response was less pronounced but still present in sites treated with bone wax or Expasyl. In general, the inflammatory tissue reactions were limited to the bone defects, and never extended into the surrounding tissues.CONCLUSIONS: Expasyl alone or in combination with Stasis appeared to be the most efficient of tested agents to control the bleeding within the bony defects created in a rabbit calvarium model.

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/6

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/3

In the last years micro process engineering has developed rapidly and commercial interest has increased. While process intensification was demonstrated, the question remains whether this novel technology can lead to economic profits. In this context, a cost analysis is performed here for an economic fine chemical process of the customized chemical producer Azurchem GmbH, i.e. the formation of the 4-cyanophenylboronic acid, using the benefits of micro process technology supplied by IMM GmbH. This process is representative for several other fine and specialty chemical manufacturing processes proprietary to the Azurchem Gmbh. This is the first time that a cost analysis is made accessible in open literature for a commercial chemical product made by micro process engineering, i.e. for a real-case scenario with validated database, i.e. real yields, micro-chemical plant, chemical and operator costs. The conclusions from this particular case are extended to more general statements on the micro processing of the whole class of high-value fine chemicals. This is achieved via some potential case scenarios of conceivable improvements by means of capacity or selectivity increases and a comparison with a traditional manufacturing method based on batch processing. In this way, some fundamental issues on the suitability of this novel technology are revealed, i.e. how process intensification translates into business drivers.

AIM: To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and the histologic tissue responses after the application of different haemostatic agents used in periradicular surgery.METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in the calvarium of six rabbits. Standardized bone defects (diameter 4 mm) were trephined, and different haemostatic agents were applied and compared with control defects: bone wax (left for 10 min), Stasis (ferric sulphate, left for 5 s), Expasyl (aluminium chloride, left for 2 min and left permanently in situ), and a combination of Expasyl (2 min) and Stasis (5 s). The sites were photographed before the application and after the removal of the haemostatic agents. Three independent examiners judged the initial and final bleeding (on the photographs) using a bleeding score for each site and treatment. The results were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. For the histologic analysis, three animals were killed after 3 weeks and three animals after 12 weeks. Transverse, nondecalcified sections were stained with combined basic fuchsin and toluidine blue for descriptive histology.RESULTS: The most efficient haemorrhage control was provided by Expasyl in combination with Stasis and by Expasyl alone, whereas bone wax had the weakest bleeding reduction effect. The histologic analysis after 3 weeks demonstrated an inflammatory and foreign body tissue response towards all haemostatic agents. At 12 weeks, this tissue response was less pronounced but still present in sites treated with bone wax or Expasyl. In general, the inflammatory tissue reactions were limited to the bone defects, and never extended into the surrounding tissues.CONCLUSIONS: Expasyl alone or in combination with Stasis appeared to be the most efficient of tested agents to control the bleeding within the bony defects created in a rabbit calvarium model.

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/6

Udgivelsesdato: 2006/3