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1. Gelingensbedingungen von Schulpraktika : Aspekte und Faktoren, die aus Sicht von Studierenden für das Gelingen von Schulpraktika relevant sind

Author: Schachner, Christine and Schachner, Christine
Abstract: In der vorliegende Masterarbeit werden die relevanten Aspekte für das Gelingen von Schulpraktika beziehungsweise Pädagogisch-Praktische Studien im Rahmen von LehrerInnenausbildungen sowie die nötige Gestaltung der einzelnen Faktoren aus Sicht von angehenden Lehrpersonen untersucht. Um die Thematik zu erforschen, wurden sechs Gruppendiskussionen mit insgesamt vierzig Lehramtsstudierenden der Universität Innsbruck durchgeführt und anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Mayring (2015) ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse stimmen zum Großteil mit den bereits in der Fachliteratur vorzufindenden Gelingensbedingungen von Schulpraktika überein (u.a. Arnold et al., 2014; Beck & Kosnik, 2002; Frühwirth, 2020; Haas, 2020; Topsch, 2004; Ulvik & Smith, 2011): Das Gelingen von Schulpraktika hängt aus Sicht der Studierenden von der Betreuungslehrperson, der Praktikumsschule, von organisatorischen Aspekten, der Persönlichkeit der Studierenden, der Theorie-Praxis-Verknüpfung, der inhaltlichen Gestaltung des schulischen und universitären Teils der Praktika, der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Betreuungslehrperson und den Studierenden, sowie von den SchülerInnen ab. Anhand der Äußerungen der Teilnehmenden werden im Rahmen der Arbeit konkrete Gestaltungsbedingungen der einzelnen Aspekte beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden unter anderem die zeitlichen beziehungsweise organisatorischen Herausforderungen sowie die Möglichkeiten der realistischen Erfahrung des Schulalltags als relevant für das Gelingen von Schulpraktika erachten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen außerdem, dass die Gelingensbedingungen von Schulpraktika nicht als eigenständige Faktoren angesehen werden können, sondern dass sie ein Netz aus Zusammenhängen und Interferenzen darstellen, welche bei etwaigen Änderungen der Gestaltung von Schulpraktika bedacht werden sollten., Christine Schachner, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024
Published: 2024

2. From Commitment to Action

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Cui, Anja-Xiaoxing, Lense, Miriam D, Lopez, Gerardo, Owusu, Bre-Anna K, Schachner, Adena, Slevc, L Robert, Swaminathan, Swathi, Vuvan, Dominique T, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Cui, Anja-Xiaoxing, Lense, Miriam D, Lopez, Gerardo, Owusu, Bre-Anna K, Schachner, Adena, Slevc, L Robert, Swaminathan, Swathi, and Vuvan, Dominique T
Published: 2024

3. European Guideline Robin Sequence An Initiative From the European Reference Network for Rare Craniofacial Anomalies and Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders (ERN-CRANIO)

Author: Abadie, V., Bohorquez, D., Bulstrode, N. W., Davies, Gareth, Hakelius, Malin, Ong, J., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Matos, E., Mazzoleni, F., van der Molen, A. Mink, Muradin, M., Neovius, E., Piacentile, K., Redondo, M., Vuola, P., Wolvius, E. B., Reinert, Siegmar, Murray, Dylan, Peterson, Petra, Hens, Greet, Schachner, P., Sivertsen, A., Irvine, W. F. E., Welling-van Overveld, L. F. J., van Breugel, M., van Schalkwijk, K., Verhey, E., Khan, A., Baillie, L., Bishop, N., Hillyar, C. R. T., Koudstaal, M. J., van de lande, L., Nibber, A., Panciewicz, N., Ramjeeawan, A., Bouter, A., El Ghoul, K., Logjes, B., van der Plas, P., Kats, J., Weissbach, E., van Veen-van der Hoek, M., Bittermann, A. J. N., van den Boogaard, M-JH., Coenraad, S., Dulfer, K., Joosten, K., Lachmeijer, A. M. A., Muradin, M. S. M., Peters, N. C. J., Pleumeekers, M., de Veye, H. Swanenburg, Abadie, V., Bohorquez, D., Bulstrode, N. W., Davies, Gareth, Hakelius, Malin, Ong, J., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Matos, E., Mazzoleni, F., van der Molen, A. Mink, Muradin, M., Neovius, E., Piacentile, K., Redondo, M., Vuola, P., Wolvius, E. B., Reinert, Siegmar, Murray, Dylan, Peterson, Petra, Hens, Greet, Schachner, P., Sivertsen, A., Irvine, W. F. E., Welling-van Overveld, L. F. J., van Breugel, M., van Schalkwijk, K., Verhey, E., Khan, A., Baillie, L., Bishop, N., Hillyar, C. R. T., Koudstaal, M. J., van de lande, L., Nibber, A., Panciewicz, N., Ramjeeawan, A., Bouter, A., El Ghoul, K., Logjes, B., van der Plas, P., Kats, J., Weissbach, E., van Veen-van der Hoek, M., Bittermann, A. J. N., van den Boogaard, M-JH., Coenraad, S., Dulfer, K., Joosten, K., Lachmeijer, A. M. A., Muradin, M. S. M., Peters, N. C. J., Pleumeekers, M., and de Veye, H. Swanenburg
Abstract: A European guideline on Robin Sequence was developed within the European Reference Network for rare and/ or complex craniofacial anomalies and ear, nose, and throat disorders. The guideline provides an overview of optimal care provisions for patients with Robin Sequence and recommendations for the improvement of care.
Published: 2024
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4. Identifying and Extracting Pedestrian Behavior in Critical Traffic Situations

Author: Schachner, Martin, Schneider, Bernd, Weissenbacher, Fabian, Kirillova, Nadezda, Possegger, Horst, Bischof, Horst, Klug, Corina, Schachner, Martin, Schneider, Bernd, Weissenbacher, Fabian, Kirillova, Nadezda, Possegger, Horst, Bischof, Horst, and Klug, Corina
Abstract: A better understanding of interactive pedestrian behavior in critical traffic situations is essential for the development of enhanced pedestrian safety systems. Real-world traffic observations play a decisive role in this, since they represent behavior in an unbiased way. In this work, we present an approach of how a subset of very considerable pedestrian-vehicle interactions can be derived from a camera-based observation system. For this purpose, we have examined road user trajectories automatically for establishing temporal and spatial relationships, using 110h hours of video recordings. In order to identify critical interactions, our approach combines the metric post-encroachment time with a newly introduced motion adaption metric. From more than 11,000 reconstructed pedestrian trajectories, 259 potential scenarios remained, using a post-encroachment time threshold of 2s. However, in 95% of cases, no adaptation of the pedestrian behavior was observed due to avoiding criticality. Applying the proposed motion adaption metric, only 21 critical scenarios remained. Manual investigations revealed that critical pedestrian vehicle interactions were present in 7 of those. They were further analyzed and made publicly available for developing pedestrian behavior models3. The results indicate that critical interactions in which the pedestrian perceives and reacts to the vehicle at a relatively late stage can be extracted using the proposed method., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, ITSC 2023 accepted
Published: 2024

5. The DNA of Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces

Author: MacFadden, Nate, Schachner, Andreas, Sheridan, Elijah, MacFadden, Nate, Schachner, Andreas, and Sheridan, Elijah
Abstract: We implement Genetic Algorithms for triangulations of four-dimensional reflexive polytopes which induce Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces via Batryev's construction. We demonstrate that such algorithms efficiently optimize physical observables such as axion decay constants or axion-photon couplings in string theory compactifications. For our implementation, we choose a parameterization of triangulations that yields homotopy inequivalent Calabi-Yau threefolds by extending fine, regular triangulations of two-faces, thereby eliminating exponentially large redundancy factors in the map from polytope triangulations to Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. In particular, we discuss how this encoding renders the entire Kreuzer-Skarke list amenable to a variety of optimization strategies, including but not limited to Genetic Algorithms. To achieve optimal performance, we tune the hyperparameters of our Genetic Algorithm using Bayesian optimization. We find that our implementation vastly outperforms other sampling and optimization strategies like Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Simulated Annealing. Finally, we showcase that our Genetic Algorithm efficiently performs optimization even for the maximal polytope with Hodge numbers $h^{1,1} = 491$, where we use it to maximize axion-photon couplings., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

6. How musicality changes moral consideration: People judge musical entities as more wrong to harm

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Rottman, Joshua, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Rottman, Joshua, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: A growing literature shows that music increases prosocial behavior. Why does this occur? We propose a novel hypothesis, informed by moral psychology: evidence of others’ musicality may promote prosociality by leading us to judge musical individuals as having enhanced moral standing. This effect may be largely indirect, by increasing perceptions of how intelligent and emotionally sensitive musical individuals are. If so, simply knowing about others’ musicality should affect moral evaluations, such as wrongness to harm. Across four experiments (total N = 550), we found supportive evidence. Information that an animal or person had the capacity and motivation to engage with music led participants to judge these entities as more wrong to harm than matched neutral or non-musical counterparts. Similarly, knowing that a person was not musical made people judge them as less wrong to harm than neutral or musical counterparts. As predicted, musicality was positively associated with perceptions of capacities for emotionality and intelligence, and these broader factors partially mediated the relationship between musicality and wrongness to harm. These effects were not influenced by participants’ own musicality. Thus, non-moral attributes like musicality can impact moral consideration, carrying implications for social behavior and for interventions to promote prosociality.
Published: 2023

7. The Impact of Musicality and Aesthetic Appreciation on Social Judgments

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena1, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena1, and Agrawal, Tanushree
Abstract: Making spontaneous judgments about new people is a fundamental requirement of our social world. People regularly assess how prosocially others will behave in order to guide their interpersonal interactions, and use observations about others’ behaviors to make such trait inferences. Work from music psychology shows that aesthetic activities like music have positive social effects and are associated with prosocial traits, suggesting that observing these behaviors may also dramatically impact interpersonal trait inferences. In this thesis, I explore whether this is the case, and ask if evaluations of others’ sociomoral traits are impacted by their capacities for musicality and aesthetic appreciation. In Chapter 1, I demonstrate that simply knowing about others’ musicality impacts moral evaluations about them. Learning that a person or animal is musical leads participants to judge them as more morally wrong to harm than matched neutral or non-musical characters, irrespective of participants’ own musicality. In Chapter 2, I explore what drives this surprising effect. I show that the impact of musicality on harm judgments is driven by enhanced perceptions of musical individuals’ mental traits, such as their intelligence, emotionality, and ability to experience physical sensations like pain and hunger. In Chapter 3, I show that music is not unique in its impact on interpersonal judgments, and provide evidence that others’ capacity for broader aesthetic appreciation is a crucial underlying factor for judgments of sociomoral traits. I find that individuals doing an activity because they value its intrinsic, aesthetic beauty (whether listening to music, painting, eating, exercising, being in nature, or doing math) are judged as more emotionally sensitive, more compassionate, and less selfish/manipulative towards others, compared to individuals doing the same activity to achieve some external functional goal. Finally, in the last chapter, I apply my findings to a pressing real
Published: 2023

8. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

Author: Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, and Somel, Mehmet
Abstract: We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
Published: 2023
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9. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

Author: Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, and Somel, Mehmet
Abstract: We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
Published: 2023
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10. Holistic pedestrian safety assessment for average males and females

Author: Leo, Christoph, Fredriksson, Anders, Grumert, Ellen, Linder, Astrid, Schachner, Martin, Tidborg, Fredrik, Klug, Corina, Leo, Christoph, Fredriksson, Anders, Grumert, Ellen, Linder, Astrid, Schachner, Martin, Tidborg, Fredrik, and Klug, Corina
Abstract: Objective: An integrated assessment framework that enables holistic safety evaluations addressing vulnerable road users (VRU) is introduced and applied in the current study. The developed method enables consideration of both active and passive safety measures and distributions of real-world crash scenario parameters. Methods: The likelihood of a specific virtual testing scenario occurring in real life has been derived from accident databases scaled to European level. Based on pre-crash simulations, it is determined how likely it is that scenarios could be avoided by a specific Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system. For the unavoidable cases, probabilities for specific collision scenarios are determined, and the injury risk for these is determined, subsequently, from in-crash simulations with the VIVA+ Human Body Models combined with the created metamodel for an average male and female model. The integrated assessment framework was applied for the holistic assessment of car-related pedestrian protection using a generic car model to assess the safety benefits of a generic AEB system combined with current passive safety structures. Results: In total, 61,914 virtual testing scenarios have been derived from the different car-pedestrian cases based on real-world crash scenario parameters. Considering the occurrence probability of the virtual testing scenarios, by implementing an AEB, a total crash risk reduction of 81.70% was achieved based on pre-crash simulations. It was shown that 50 in-crash simulations per load case are sufficient to create a metamodel for injury prediction. For the in-crash simulations with the generic vehicle, it was also shown that the injury risk can be reduced by implementing an AEB, as compared to the baseline scenarios. Moreover, as seen in the unavoidable cases, the injury risk for the average male and female is the same for brain injuries and femoral shaft fractures. The average male has a higher risk of skull fractures and fractures of
Published: 2023
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11. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

Author: Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, and Somel, Mehmet
Abstract: We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
Published: 2023
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12. W0_sample = np.random.normal(0,1)?

Author: Ebelt, Julian, Krippendorf, Sven, Schachner, Andreas, Ebelt, Julian, Krippendorf, Sven, and Schachner, Andreas
Abstract: In this note we explore the distribution of vacuum expectation values of the superpotential $W_0$ in explicit Type IIB flux compactifications. We show that the distribution can be approximated, universally across geometries, by a two-dimensional Gaussian with a model dependent standard deviation. We identify this behaviour in 20 Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications with between two and five complex structure moduli by constructing a total of $\mathcal{O}(10^7)$ flux vacua. We observe a characteristic scaling behaviour of the width $\sigma$ of our distributions with respect to the D3-charge contributions $N_{\text{flux}}$ from fluxes which can be approximated by $\sigma \sim \sqrt{N_{\text{flux}}}$. This $W_0$ distribution implies that locating small values of $|W_0|$ as a preferred regime associated with classes of string theory solutions typically featuring hierarchies, simplifies to the basic statement of finding small Euclidean norms of normally distributed values. We do also identify small modifications to this Gaussian behaviour in our samples which might be seen as indications for the breakdown of the continuous flux approximation commonly used in the context of statistical analyses of the flux landscape., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023

13. Testing BSM Physics with Gravitational Waves

Author: Muia, Francesco, Quevedo, Fernando, Schachner, Andreas, Villa, Gonzalo, Muia, Francesco, Quevedo, Fernando, Schachner, Andreas, and Villa, Gonzalo
Abstract: The Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) is an irreducible background of gravitational waves generated by particle exchange in the early Universe plasma. Standard Model particles contribute to such a stochastic background with a peak at $f\sim 80$ GHz. Any physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) may modify the CGWB spectrum, making it a potential testing ground for BSM physics. We consider the impact of general BSM scenarios on the CGWB, including an arbitrary number of hidden sectors. We find that the largest amplitude of the CGWB comes from the sector that dominates the energy density after reheating and confirm the dominance of the SM for standard cosmological histories. For non-standard cosmological histories, such as those with a stiff equation of state $\omega >1/3$, like in kination, BSM physics may dominate and modify the spectrum substantially. We conclude that, if the CGWB is detected at lower frequencies and amplitudes compared to that of the SM, it will hint at extra massive degrees of freedom or hidden sectors. If it is instead measured at higher values, it will imply a period with $\omega >1/3$. We argue that for scenarios with periods of kination in the early Universe, a significant fraction of the parameter space can be ruled out from dark radiation bounds at BBN., Comment: 16 pages + appendix, 7 figures
Published: 2023

14. JAXVacua -- A Framework for Sampling String Vacua

Author: Dubey, Abhishek, Krippendorf, Sven, Schachner, Andreas, Dubey, Abhishek, Krippendorf, Sven, and Schachner, Andreas
Abstract: Moduli stabilisation in string compactifications with many light scalars remains a major blind-spot in the string landscape. In these regimes, analytic methods cease to work for generic choices of UV parameters which is why numerical techniques have to be exploited. In this paper, we implement algorithms based on JAX, heavily utilising automatic differentiation, just-in-time compilation and parallelisation features, to efficiently construct string vacua. This implementation provides a golden opportunity to efficiently analyse large unexplored regions of the string landscape. As a first example, we apply our techniques to the search of Type IIB flux vacua in Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications. We argue that our methods only scale mildly with the Hodge numbers making exhaustive studies of low energy effective field theories with $\mathcal{O}(100)$ scalar fields feasible. Using small computing resources, we are able to construct $\mathcal{O}(10^6)$ flux vacua per geometry with $h^{1,2}\geq 2$, vastly out-performing previous systematic searches. In particular, we showcase the efficiency of our methods by presenting generic vacua with fluxes below the tadpole constraint set by the orientifold with up to $h^{1,2}=25$ complex structure moduli., Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

15. Practice of neuromonitoring in open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair-an international expert-based modified Delphi consensus study

Author: Schachner, T., Gottardi, R., Schmidli, J., Wyss, T.R., Berg, J.C. Van Den, Tsilimparis, N., Bavaria, J., Bertoglio, L., Heijmen, R.H., Martens, A., Czerny, M., Schachner, T., Gottardi, R., Schmidli, J., Wyss, T.R., Berg, J.C. Van Den, Tsilimparis, N., Bavaria, J., Bertoglio, L., Heijmen, R.H., Martens, A., and Czerny, M.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVES: Spinal cord injury is detrimental for patients undergoing open or endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. The aim of this survey and of the modified Delphi consensus was to gather information on current practices and standards in neuroprotection in patients undergoing open and endovascular TAAA. METHODS: The Aortic Association conducted an international online survey on neuromonitoring in open and endovascular TAAA repair. In a first round an expert panel put together a survey on different aspects of neuromonitoring. Based on the answers from the first round of the survey, 18 Delphi consensus questions were formulated. RESULTS: A total of 56 physicians completed the survey. Of these, 45 perform open and endovascular TAAA repair, 3 do open TAAA repair and 8 do endovascular TAAA repair. At least 1 neuromonitoring or protection modality is utilized during open TAAA surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was used in 97.9%, near infrared spectroscopy in 70.8% and motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials in 60.4%. Three of 53 centres do not utilize any form of neuromonitoring or protection during endovascular TAAA repair: 92.5% use CSF drainage; 35.8%, cerebral or paravertebral near infrared spectroscopy; and 24.5% motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials. The utilization of CSF drainage and neuromonitoring varies depending on the extent of the TAAA repair. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this survey and of the Delphi consensus show that there is broad consensus on the importance of protecting the spinal cord to avoid spinal cord injury in patients undergoing open TAAA repair. Those measures are less frequently utilized in patients undergoing endovascular TAAA repair but should be considered, especially in patients who require extensive coverage of the thoracoabdominal aorta.
Published: 2023

16. More than a party : how party affiliation affects intergroup dating

Author: NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Schachner, Alec, NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and Schachner, Alec
Abstract: Political parties are one of the most important social groups in modern America. Research in political science has shown that an individual's political identity is more than just an indicator of ideological opinions. A political party can indicate a number of other social characteristics at play, even going so far as predicting favorite TV stations or favorite grocery stores. Despite this overarching effect on social life, the study of homogamy as it pertains to political identity has not historically been considered in a social context. Previous research has tended to focus on the individual preferences of prospective dates. While this aspect is important it only a portion of the bigger picture. This thesis was created in order to broaden the scope of political homogamy. I created a survey using theory from sociology, political science, social psychology, intergroup contact theory, and theory on homogamy in order to collect data on the dating habits of various political partisans. The survey received 217 total responses and included responses from across the United States and multiple racial and political groups. What was found was that in general the more closely attached an individual is to their political party, the less likely they are to date members of other parties. The same result holds true for dating people with different opinions on abortion. However not every party shares this relationship and some are not affected by political attachment at all. Additionally, racial attachment in general was shown to decrease willingness to date between races, even though this relationship was evident in all racial groups. In order to fully consider dating in a social context I also measured how the relationships of friends to the respondent effected inter-group dating as well as copartisan disapproval and perceived marginalization. Friends having relationships with non-group members has been shown to increase willingness to date between groups while the disapproval of
Published: 2023

17. Holistic pedestrian safety assessment for average males and females

Author: Leo, Christoph, Fredriksson, Anders, Grumert, Ellen, Linder, Astrid, Schachner, Martin, Tidborg, Fredrik, Klug, Corina, Leo, Christoph, Fredriksson, Anders, Grumert, Ellen, Linder, Astrid, Schachner, Martin, Tidborg, Fredrik, and Klug, Corina
Abstract: Objective: An integrated assessment framework that enables holistic safety evaluations addressing vulnerable road users (VRU) is introduced and applied in the current study. The developed method enables consideration of both active and passive safety measures and distributions of real-world crash scenario parameters. Methods: The likelihood of a specific virtual testing scenario occurring in real life has been derived from accident databases scaled to European level. Based on pre-crash simulations, it is determined how likely it is that scenarios could be avoided by a specific Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system. For the unavoidable cases, probabilities for specific collision scenarios are determined, and the injury risk for these is determined, subsequently, from in-crash simulations with the VIVA+ Human Body Models combined with the created metamodel for an average male and female model. The integrated assessment framework was applied for the holistic assessment of car-related pedestrian protection using a generic car model to assess the safety benefits of a generic AEB system combined with current passive safety structures. Results: In total, 61,914 virtual testing scenarios have been derived from the different car-pedestrian cases based on real-world crash scenario parameters. Considering the occurrence probability of the virtual testing scenarios, by implementing an AEB, a total crash risk reduction of 81.70% was achieved based on pre-crash simulations. It was shown that 50 in-crash simulations per load case are sufficient to create a metamodel for injury prediction. For the in-crash simulations with the generic vehicle, it was also shown that the injury risk can be reduced by implementing an AEB, as compared to the baseline scenarios. Moreover, as seen in the unavoidable cases, the injury risk for the average male and female is the same for brain injuries and femoral shaft fractures. The average male has a higher risk of skull fractures and fractures of
Published: 2023
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18. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

Author: Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, and Somel, Mehmet
Abstract: We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
Published: 2023
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19. A Transposition of the Minkov-Hofstede Model of Culture to the Individual Level of Analysis: Evidence from Mongolia

Author: Minkov, Michael, Sokolov, Boris, Tasse, Marc A., Jamballuu, Erdenebileg, Schachner, Michael, Kaasa, Anneli, Minkov, Michael, Sokolov, Boris, Tasse, Marc A., Jamballuu, Erdenebileg, Schachner, Michael, and Kaasa, Anneli
Abstract: After Hofstede proposed individualism-collectivism (IDV-COLL) as a dimension of national culture, numerous studies have used that name to refer to individual-level psychological constructs, based on theories and empirical operationalizations that are not necessarily compatible with the Hofstede tradition. This has created confusion. In this study, we investigate whether the two revised Minkov-Hofstede dimensions of national culture - IDV-COLL and “flexibility-monumentalism” (FLX-MON) - have individual-level counterparts and if they are isomorphic (have the same structure at both levels of analysis). We find that the three main conceptual facets of national COLL (conformism, ascendancy, and exclusionism) and the three of MON (self-esteem, self-stability, and generosity) materialize as six independent individual-level dimensions in a nationally representative sample from Mongolia (n = 1500). This structure emerged in a confirmatory factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analyses. This is the first series of analyses of the structure of the individual-level ingredients of national IDV-COLL and FLX-MON.
Published: 2023
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20. Effect of Lossy Compression Algorithms on Face Image Quality and Recognition

Author: Schlett, Torsten, Schachner, Sebastian, Rathgeb, Christian, Tapia, Juan, Busch, Christoph, Schlett, Torsten, Schachner, Sebastian, Rathgeb, Christian, Tapia, Juan, and Busch, Christoph
Abstract: Lossy face image compression can degrade the image quality and the utility for the purpose of face recognition. This work investigates the effect of lossy image compression on a state-of-the-art face recognition model, and on multiple face image quality assessment models. The analysis is conducted over a range of specific image target sizes. Four compression types are considered, namely JPEG, JPEG 2000, downscaled PNG, and notably the new JPEG XL format. Frontal color images from the ColorFERET database were used in a Region Of Interest (ROI) variant and a portrait variant. We primarily conclude that JPEG XL allows for superior mean and worst case face recognition performance especially at lower target sizes, below approximately 5kB for the ROI variant, while there appears to be no critical advantage among the compression types at higher target sizes. Quality assessments from modern models correlate well overall with the compression effect on face recognition performance.
Published: 2023

21. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

Author: Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Koptekin, Dilek, Yuncu, Eren, Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Altinisxik, N. Ezgi, Psonis, Nikolaos, Kashuba, Natalija, Yorulmaz, Sevgi, George, Robert, Kazanci, Duygu Deniz, Kaptan, Damla, Gurun, Kanat, Vural, Kivilcim Basxak, Gemici, Hasan Can, Vassou, Despoina, Daskalaki, Evangelia, Karamurat, Cansu, Lagerholm, Vendela K., Erdal, Omur Dilek, Kirdoek, Emrah, Marangoni, Aurelio, Schachner, Andreas, Ustundag, Handan, Shengelia, Ramaz, Bitadze, Liana, Elashvili, Mikheil, Stravopodi, Eleni, Ozbasxaran, Mihriban, Duru, Ganesx, Nafplioti, Argyro, Rose, C. Brian, Gencer, Tugba, Darbyshire, Gareth, Gavashelishvili, Alexander, Pitskhelauri, Konstantine, Cevik, Ozlem, Vurusxkan, Osman, Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, Bayakkarakaya, Ali Metin, Oguzhanoglu, Umay, Gunel, Sevinc, Tabakaki, Eugenia, Aliev, Akper, Ibrahimov, Anar, Shadlinski, Vaqif, Sampson, Adamantios, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Atakuman, Cigdem, Stamatakis, Alexandros, Poulakakis, Nikos, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Pavlidis, Pavlos, Stora, Jan, Ozer, Fasun, Goetherstroem, Anders, and Somel, Mehmet
Abstract: We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
Published: 2023
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22. Aesthetic Motivation Impacts Judgments of Others’ Prosociality and Mental Life

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: The ability to infer others' prosocial vs. antisocial behavioral tendencies from minimal information is core to social reasoning. Aesthetic motivation (the value or appreciation of aesthetic beauty) is linked with prosocial tendencies, raising the question of whether this factor is used in interpersonal reasoning and in the attribution of mental capacities. We propose and test a model of this reasoning, predicting that evidence of others' aesthetic motivations should impact judgments of others' prosocial (and antisocial) tendencies by signaling a heightened capacity for emotional experience. In a series of four pre-registered experiments (total N = 1440), participants saw pairs of characters (as photos/vignettes), and judged which in each pair showed more of a mental capacity of interest. Distractor items prevented participants from guessing the hypothesis. For one critical pair of characters, both characters performed the same activity (music listening, painting, cooking, exercising, being in nature, doing math), but one was motivated by the activities' aesthetic value, and the other by its functional value. Across all activities, participants robustly chose aesthetically-motivated characters as more likely to behave compassionately (Exp. 1; 3), less likely to behave selfishly/manipulatively (Exp. 1; 3), and as more emotionally sensitive, but not more intelligent (Exp. 2; 3; 4). Emotional sensitivity best predicted compassionate behavior judgements (Exp. 3). Aesthetically-motivated characters were not reliably chosen as more helpful; intelligence best predicted helpfulness judgements (Exp. 4). Evidence of aesthetic motivation conveys important social information about others, impacting fundamental interpersonal judgments about others' mental life and social behavior.
Published: 2023

23. Interpersonal utility and children's social inferences from shared preferences

Author: Pesowski, Madison L, Pesowski, Madison L, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, Schachner, Adena, Pesowski, Madison L, Pesowski, Madison L, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: Similarity of behaviors or attributes is often used to infer social affiliation and prosociality. Does this reflect reasoning using a simple expectation of homophily, or more complex reasoning about shared utility? We addressed this question by examining the inferences children make from similar choices when this similarity does or does not cause competition over a zero-sum resource. Four- to six-year-olds (N = 204) saw two vignettes, each featuring three characters (a target plus two others) choosing between two types of resources. In all stories, each character expressed a preference: one 'other' chose the same resource as the target, while a second 'other' chose the different resource. In one condition there were enough resources for all the characters; in the other condition, one type of resource was limited, with only one available (inducing potential competition between the target and the similar-choice other). Children then judged which of the two 'other' characters was being nicer (prosocial judgment) and which of the two was more preferred by the target (affiliative inference). When resources were limited (vs. unlimited), children were less likely to select the similar other as being nice. Children's initial tendency to report that the target preferred the similar other was also eliminated in the limited resource scenario. These findings show that children's reasoning about similarity is not wholly based on homophily. Instead, by reasoning about shared utility - how each person values the goals of others - children engage in flexible inferences regarding whether others' similar preferences and behaviors have positive or negative social meaning.
Published: 2023

24. Practice of neuromonitoring in open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair-an international expert-based modified Delphi consensus study.

Author: Schachner, T. and Schachner, T.
Subjects: Radboudumc 0: Other Research Cardio Thoracic Surgery.
Published: 2023

25. Design Principles for Schools: Putting the Science of Learning and Development Into Action

Author: Abby Schachner, Abby Schachner, Christina Theokas, Elizabeth Tijerina, Laura E. Hernandez, Linda Darling-Hammond, Pamela Cantor, Sara Plasencia, Abby Schachner, Abby Schachner, Christina Theokas, Elizabeth Tijerina, Laura E. Hernandez, Linda Darling-Hammond, Pamela Cantor, and Sara Plasencia
Abstract: Education aims to give every student opportunities to learn and thrive, but our current education system has not been designed to promote the equitable opportunities or outcomes that today's children and families deserve and that our democracy and society need. Our system was designed for a different world—to support mass education preparing students for their presumed places in life. That world believed that talent and skills were scarce, it trusted averages as a measure of individuals, and it was a world in which racist beliefs and stereotypes shaped the system so that only some children were deemed worthy of opportunity.To achieve the transformation we need today, education systems must be willing to embrace what we know about how children learn and develop. This knowledge has been well established through the science of learning and development, which shows that the range of students' academic skills and knowledge—and, ultimately, students' potential—can be significantly influenced through exposure to learning environments that use whole child design. To facilitate this transformation, this playbook translates and highlights the science, structures, and practices that can become the foundation for a new approach to learning when integrated and implemented. These design principles do not suggest a single design or model but suggest an approach to systemic change that supports equity for all students and the development of the full set of skills, competencies, and mindsets that young people need to live and thrive in their diverse communities.
Published: 2021

26. Design Principles for Schools: Putting the Science of Learning and Development Into Action

Author: Abby Schachner, Abby Schachner, Christina Theokas, Elizabeth Tijerina, Laura E. Hernandez, Linda Darling-Hammond, Pamela Cantor, Sara Plasencia, Abby Schachner, Abby Schachner, Christina Theokas, Elizabeth Tijerina, Laura E. Hernandez, Linda Darling-Hammond, Pamela Cantor, and Sara Plasencia
Abstract: Education aims to give every student opportunities to learn and thrive, but our current education system has not been designed to promote the equitable opportunities or outcomes that today's children and families deserve and that our democracy and society need. Our system was designed for a different world—to support mass education preparing students for their presumed places in life. That world believed that talent and skills were scarce, it trusted averages as a measure of individuals, and it was a world in which racist beliefs and stereotypes shaped the system so that only some children were deemed worthy of opportunity.To achieve the transformation we need today, education systems must be willing to embrace what we know about how children learn and develop. This knowledge has been well established through the science of learning and development, which shows that the range of students' academic skills and knowledge—and, ultimately, students' potential—can be significantly influenced through exposure to learning environments that use whole child design. To facilitate this transformation, this playbook translates and highlights the science, structures, and practices that can become the foundation for a new approach to learning when integrated and implemented. These design principles do not suggest a single design or model but suggest an approach to systemic change that supports equity for all students and the development of the full set of skills, competencies, and mindsets that young people need to live and thrive in their diverse communities.
Published: 2021

27. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgical care after the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Breugem, C, Smit, H, Mark, H, Davies, G, Schachner, P, Collard, M, Sell, D, Autelitano, L, Rezzonico, A, Mazzoleni, F, Novelli, G, Mossey, P, Persson, M, Mehendale, F, Gaggl, A, Van Gogh, C, Zuurbier, P, Reinart, S, De Graaff, F, Meazzini, C, Breugem C., Smit H., Mark H., Davies G., Schachner P., Collard M., Sell D., Autelitano L., Rezzonico A., Mazzoleni F., Novelli G., Mossey P., Persson M., Mehendale F., Gaggl A., Van Gogh C., Zuurbier P., Reinart S., De Graaff F., Meazzini C., Breugem, C, Smit, H, Mark, H, Davies, G, Schachner, P, Collard, M, Sell, D, Autelitano, L, Rezzonico, A, Mazzoleni, F, Novelli, G, Mossey, P, Persson, M, Mehendale, F, Gaggl, A, Van Gogh, C, Zuurbier, P, Reinart, S, De Graaff, F, Meazzini, C, Breugem C., Smit H., Mark H., Davies G., Schachner P., Collard M., Sell D., Autelitano L., Rezzonico A., Mazzoleni F., Novelli G., Mossey P., Persson M., Mehendale F., Gaggl A., Van Gogh C., Zuurbier P., Reinart S., De Graaff F., and Meazzini C.
Abstract: Background: It is anticipated that in due course the burden of emergency care due to COVID-19 infected patients will reduce sufficiently to permit elective surgical procedures to recommence. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgery in the already overloaded medical system will then become an issue. The European Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association, together with the European Cleft and Craniofacial Initiative for Equality in Care, performed a brief survey to capture a current snapshot during a rapidly evolving pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 2242 participants who attended 1 of 3 recent international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Results: The respondents indicated that children with Robin sequence who were not responding to nonsurgical options should be treated as emergency cases. Over 70% of the respondents indicated that palate repair should be performed before the age of 15 months, an additional 22% stating the same be performed by 18 months. Placement of middle ear tubes, primary cleft lip surgery, alveolar bone grafting, and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery also need prioritization. Children with craniofacial conditions such as craniosynostosis and increased intracranial pressure need immediate care, whilst children with craniosynostosis and associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or proptosis need surgical care within 3 months of the typical timing. Craniosynostosis without signs of increased intracranial pressure needs correction before the age of 18 months. Conclusions: This survey indicates several areas of cleft and craniofacial conditions that need prioritization, but also certain areas where intervention is less urgent. We acknowledge that there will be differences in the post COVID-19 response according to circumstances and policies in individual countries.
Published: 2020

28. Human immunodeficiency virus continuum of care in 11 european union countries at the end of 2016 overall and by key population: Have we made progress?

Author: Vourli, G, Noori, T, Pharris, A, Porter, K, Axelsson, M, Begovac, J, Cazein, F, Costagliola, D, Cowan, S, Croxford, S, Monforte, A, Delpech, V, Diaz, A, Girardi, E, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Hernando, V, Leierer, G, Lot, F, Nunez, O, Obel, N, Op de Coul, E, Paraskeva, D, Patrinos, S, Reiss, P, Schmid, D, Sonnerborg, A, Suligoi, B, Supervie, V, van Sighem, A, Zangerle, R, Touloumi, G, Egle, A, Kanatschnig, M, Ollinger, A, Rieger, A, Schmied, B, Wallner, E, Dewasurendra, D, Gisinger, M, Kitchen, M, Plattner, A, Rieser, E, Sarcletti, M, Greil, R, Schachner, M, Skocic, M, Muller, M, Aichwalder, R, Chromy, D, Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K, Skoll, M, Touzeau, V, Cichon, P, Wolf-Nussmuller, S, Laferl, H, Zoufaly, A, Genger-Hackl, C, Kapper, A, Schneeberger, T, Trattner, E, Schober, G, Atzl, M, Hartmann, B, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Berg, J, Appoyer, H, Rappold, M, Strickner, S, Schindelwig, K, Ledergerber, B, Fatkenheuer, G, Gerstof, J, Kronborg, G, Pedersen, C, Larsen, C, Pedersen, G, Mohey, R, Nielsen, L, Weise, L, Kvinesdal, B, Jensen, J, Abgrall, S, Bernard, L, Billaud, E, Boue, F, Boyer, L, Cabie, A, Caby, F, Canestri, A, Cotte, L, de Truchis, P, Duval, X, Duvivier, C, Enel, P, Fischer, H, Gasnault, J, Gaud, C, Grabar, S, Khuong-Josses, M, Launay, O, Marchand, L, Mary-Krause, M, Matheron, S, Melica-Gregoire, G, Melliez, H, Meynard, J, Nacher, M, Pavie, J, Piroth, L, Poizot-Martin, I, Pradier, C, Reynes, J, Rouveix, E, Simon, A, Slama, L, Tattevin, P, Tissot-Dupont, H, Biga, J, Kurth, T, Jacquemet, N, Guiguet, M, Leclercq, S, Lievre, L, Marshall, E, Roul, H, Selinger-Leneman, H, Potard, V, Benveniste, O, Breton, G, Lupin, C, Bourzam, E, Girard, P, Fonquernie, L, Valin, N, Lefebvre, B, Sebire, M, Pialoux, G, Lebrette, M, Tibaut, P, Adda, A, Hamidi, M, Cadranel, J, Lavole, A, Parrot, A, Bouchaud, O, Vignier, N, Mechai, F, Makhlouf, S, Honore, P, Bergmann, J, Delcey, V, Lopes, A, Sellier, P, Parrinello, M, Oksenhendler, E, Gerard, L, Molina, J, Rozenbaum, W, Denis, B, De Castro, N, Lascoux, C, Yazdanpanah, Y, Lariven, S, Joly, V, Rioux, C, Poupard, M, Taverne, B, Sutton, L, Masse, V, Genet, P, Wifaq, B, Gerbe, J, Grefe, S, Dupont, C, Freire Maresca, A, Reimann, E, Bloch, M, Meier, F, Mortier, E, Zeng, F, Montoya, B, Perronne, C, Mathez, D, Marigot-Outtandy, D, Berthe, H, Greder Belan, A, Terby, A, Godin Collet, C, Marque Juillet, S, Ruquet, M, Roussin-Bretagne, S, Colardelle, P, Granier, F, Laurichesse, J, Perronne, V, Akpan, T, Marcou, M, Daneluzzi, V, Veyssier-Belot, C, Masson, H, Welker, Y, Brazille, P, Kahn, J, Zucman, D, Majerholc, C, Fourn, E, Bornarel, D, Chambrin, V, Kansau, I, Raho-Moussa, M, Lelievre, J, Saidani, M, Chesnel, C, Dumont, C, Vittecoq, D, Derradji, O, Bolliot, C, Goujard, C, Teicher, E, Mole, M, Bourdic, K, Salmon, D, Le Jeunne, C, Guet, P, Pietri, M, Pannier Metzger, E, Marcou, V, Loulergue, P, Dupin, N, Morini, J, Deleuze, J, Gerhardt, P, Chanal, J, Weiss, L, Lucas, M, Jung, C, Ptak, M, Viard, J, Ghosn, J, Gazalet, P, Cros, A, Maignan, A, Lortholary, O, Rouzaud, C, Touam, F, Benhadj, K, Consigny, P, Bossi, P, Gergely, A, Cessot, G, Durand, F, Beck-Wirth, G, Michel, C, Benomar, M, Rey, D, Partisani, M, Cheneau, C, Batard, M, Fischer, P, Leclercq, P, Blanc, M, Morand, P, Epaulard, O, Signori-Schmuck, A, Laurichesse, H, Jacomet, C, Vidal, M, Coban, D, Casanova, S, Fresard, A, Guglielminotti, C, Botelho-Nevers, E, Brunon-Gagneux, A, Ronat, V, Verdon, R, Dargere, S, Haustraete, E, Feret, P, Goubin, P, Chavanet, P, Fillion, A, Croisier, D, Gohier, S, Arvieux, C, Souala, F, Chapplain, J, Ratajczak, M, Rohan, J, Faller, J, Ruyer, O, Gendrin, V, Toko, L, Chirouze, C, Hustache-Mathieu, L, Faucher, J, Proust, A, Magy-Bertrand, N, Gil, H, Meaux-Ruault, N, Sotto, A, Rouanet, I, Mauboussin, J, Doncesco, R, Jacques, G, May, T, Rabaud, C, Andre, M, Delestan, M, Bouillon, M, Bani-Sadr, F, Rouger, C, Berger, J, Nguyen, Y, Marchou, B, Delobel, P, Martin Blondel, G, Cuzin, L, Biezunski, N, Alric, L, Bonnet, D, Guivarch, M, Palacin, A, Payssan, V, Ajana, F, Meybeck, A, Viget, N, Pugliese, P, Roger, P, Rosenthal, E, Durant, J, Cua, E, Naqvi, A, Perbost, I, Risso, K, Quinsat, D, Raphael, S, Del Giudice, P, Dides, P, Sambuc, R, Antolini-Bouvenot, M, Druart, P, Meddeb, L, Ravaux, I, Menard, A, Tomei, C, Dhiver, C, Moreau, J, Mokhtari, S, Soavi, M, Tomas, V, Bregigeon, S, Faucher, O, Obry-Roguet, V, Ritleng, A, Petit, N, Bartoli, C, Ruiz, J, Blanc, D, Allegre, T, Sordage, M, Riou, J, Faudon, C, Slama, B, Zerazhi, H, Boulat, O, Chebrek, S, Beyrne, M, Granet Brunello, P, Pellissier, L, Bonnabel, D, Cohen Valensi, R, Mouchet, B, Mboungou, G, Lafeuillade, A, Hope-Rapp, E, Hittinger, G, Philip, G, Lambry, V, Raf, F, Allavena, C, Hall, N, Reliquet, V, Chidiac, C, Ferry, T, Perpoint, T, Miailhes, P, Boibieux, A, Livrozet, J, Makhlouf, D, Brunel, F, Chiarello, P, Hoen, B, Lamaury, I, Fabre, I, Samar, K, Duvallon, E, Clavel, C, Stegmann, S, Walter, V, Adriouch, L, Huber, F, Vanticlke, V, Couppie, P, Abel, S, Pierre-Francois, S, Ricaud, C, Rodet, R, Wartel, G, Sautron, C, Poubeau, P, Borgherini, G, Camuset, G, Arasteh, K, Kowohl Vivantes, S, Schurmann, D, Warncke Charite, M, Rockstroh, J, Wasmuth, J, Hass, S, Jensen, B, Feind, C, Esser, S, Schenk-Westkamp, P, Haberl, A, Stephan, C, Plettenberg, A, Kuhlendahl, F, Adam, A, Weitner, L, Schewe, K, Goey, H, Fenske, S, Buhk, T, Stellbrink, H, Hofmann, C, Hansen, S, Degen, O, Heuer, M, Stoll, M, Gerschmann, S, Horst, H, Trautmann, S, Gillor, D, Bogner, J, Sonntag, B, Salzberger, B, Fritzsche, C, Adamis, G, Antoniadou, A, Chini, M, Chrysos, G, Gikas, A, Gogos, H, Katsarou, O, Lazanas, M, Metallidis, S, Panagopoulos, P, Paparizos, V, Papastamopoulos, V, Paraskevis, D, Psychogiou, M, Sambatakou, H, Sipsas, N, Pantazis, N, Papadopoulos, A, Nitsotolis, T, Xylomenos, G, Marangos, M, Kouramba, A, Kontos, A, Lioni, A, Tsachouridou, O, Kourkounti, S, Ganitis, A, Barbounakis, E, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Castagna, A, Castelli, F, 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Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Fondaco, L, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicano, G, Rizzardini, G, Cannizzo, E, Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, Di Flumeri, G, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Francisci, D, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, Rivano Capparuccia, M, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, Plazzi, M, De Girolamo, G, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, De Vito, A, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, Fontana Del Vecchio, R, Di Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofno, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Manfrin, V, Battagin, G, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, van der Valk, M, Geerlings, S, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, Lempkes, B, Nellen, F, van der Poll, T, Prins, J, van Vugt, M, Wiersinga, W, Wit, F, van Duinen, M, van Eden, J, Hazenberg, A, van Hes, A, Pijnappel, F, Smalhout, S, Weijsenfeld, A, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Wolthers, K, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, Sigalof, K, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Ang, C, van Houdt, R, Jonges, M, van Prehn, J, Kuijpers, T, Pajkrt, D, Scherpbier, H, de Boer, C, van der Plas, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, Hage de Loof, L, Wintermans, B, Veenemans, J, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, de Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Elsenburg, L, Nobel, H, Damen, M, van Kasteren, M, Berrevoets, M, Brouwer, A, Adams, A, de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B, Keelan-Pfaf, S, van der Ven, B, Buiting, A, Murck, J, Versteeg, D, de Vries-Sluijs, T, Bax, H, van Gorp, E, Nouwen, J, Rijnders, B, Schurink, C, Verbon, A, de Jong-Peltenburg, N, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, van den Berg-Cameron, H, de Groot, J, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Fraaij, P, van Rossum, A, Vermont, C, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Douma, R, Duijf-Van de Ven, C, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, van Burgel, N, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, Mollema, F, Davids-Veldhuis, S, Wildenbeest, G, Heikens, E, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, Lammers, A, Kraan, S, van Hulzen, A, Kruiper, M, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Scheper, H, Jolink, H, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, El Moussaoui, R, Pogany, K, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Burgers, K, Schippers, J, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Weijer, S, van Vonderen, M, Kampschreur, L, Faber, S, Steeman-Bouma, R, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-Van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Renckens, R, Ruiter-Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, Cohen Stuart, J, Jansen, E, Hoogewerf, M, Rozemeijer, W, van der Reijden, W, Sinnige, J, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Vrouenraets, S, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, Knapen, M, van der Meche, I, Mulder-Seeleman, E, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, van Crevel, R, van Aerde, K, Doferhof, A, Henriet, S, ter Hofstede, H, Hoogerwerf, J, Keuter, M, Richel, O, Albers, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, de Haan, M, Marneef, M, Strik-Albers, R, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Stelma, F, Burger, D, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, Claassen, M, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Jansen, R, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, van Wijk, M, Bierman, W, Bakker, M, Kleinnijenhuis, J, Kloeze, E, Middel, A, Scholvinck, E, Stienstra, Y, Verhage, A, Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K, 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J, Gonzalez, J, Sobrino, P, Alejos, B, Alvarez, D, Jarrin, I, Moreno, C, Munoz-Fernandez, M, Garcia-Merino, I, Rico, C, de la Fuente, J, Torre, A, Portilla, J, Merino, E, Reus, S, Boix, V, Giner, L, Gadea, C, Portilla, I, Pampliega, M, Diez, M, Rodriguez, J, Sanchez-Paya, J, Podzamczer, D, Imaz, E, Van Den Eyncle, E, Di Yacovo, S, Sumoy, M, Gomez, J, Hernandez, J, Aleman, M, Alonso, M, Hernandez, M, Diaz-Flores, F, Garcia, D, Pelazas, R, Asensi, V, Valle, E, Carton, J, Perez, V, Molina, M, Garcia, J, Carrera, E, Pulido, F, Bisbal, O, Matarranz, M, Lagarde, M, Rubio-Martin, R, Hernando, A, Bermejo, L, Dominguez, L, Arrizabalaga, J, Aramburu, M, Camino, X, Rodriguez-Arrondo, F, von Wichmann, M, Tome, L, Goenaga, M, Bustinduy, M, Galparsoro, H, Ibarguren, M, Aguado, M, Umerez, M, Masia, M, Lopez, C, Padilla, S, Navarro, A, Montolio, F, Robledano, C, Colome, J, Adsuar, A, Pascual, R, Carlos, F, Martinez, M, Fernandez, M, Garcia, E, Muga, R, Tor, J, Sanvisens, A, Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez, J, Miralles, P, Gutierrez, I, Ramirez, M, Padilla, B, Gijon, P, Carrero, A, Aldamiz-Echevarria, T, Tejerina, F, Parras, F, Balsalobre, P, Diez, C, Peraire, J, Vilades, C, Veloso, S, Vargas, M, Lopez-Dupla, M, Olona, M, Aguilar, A, Sirvent, J, Alba, V, Calavia, O, Montero, M, Lacruz, J, Blanes, M, Calabuig, E, Cuellar, S, Lopez, J, Salavert, M, de la Serna, I, Arribas, J, Montes, M, Pena, J, Arribas, B, Castro, J, Zamora, J, Perez, I, Estebanez, M, Garcia, S, Diaz, M, Alcariz, N, Mingorance, J, Montero, D, Gonzalez, A, Isabel de Jose, M, de los Santos, I, Sanz, J, Salas, A, Sarria, C, Berrocal, A, Garcia-Fraile, L, Oteo, J, Ibarra, V, Metola, L, Sanz, M, Perez-Martinez, L, Pascual, A, Ramos, C, Arazo, P, Gil, D, Jaen, A, Cairo, M, Irigoyen, D, Jordano, Q, Xercavins, M, Martinez-Lacasa, J, Velli, P, Font, R, Sanmarti, M, Ibanez, L, Rivero, M, Casado, M, Diaz, J, Uriz, J, Reparaz, J, Irigoyen, C, Arraiza, M, Segura, F, Amengual, M, Navarro, G, Sala, M, Cervantes, M, Pineda, V, Segura, V, Anton, E, Nogueras, M, Casado, J, Dronda, F, Moreno, A, Elias, M, Lopez, D, Gutierrez, C, Madrid, N, Lamas, A, Marti, P, de Diaz, A, Serrrano, S, Donat, L, Cano, A, Bernal, E, Munoz, A, Pena, A, Munoz, L, Parra, J, Alvarez, M, Chueca, N, Guillot, V, Vinuesa, D, Fernandez, J, Del Romero, J, Rodriguez, C, Puerta, T, Carrio, J, Vera, M, Ballesteros, J, Domingo, P, Sambeat, M, Lamarca, K, Mateo, G, Gutierrez, M, Fernandez, I, Antela, A, Losada, E, Riera, M, Penaranda, M, Leyes, M, Ribas, M, Campins, A, Vidal, C, Gil, L, Fanjul, F, Marinescu, C, Ribera, E, Santos, J, Marquez, M, Viciana, I, Palacios, R, Gonzalez, C, Viciana, P, Leal, M, Lopez-Cortes, L, Espinosa, N, Munoz, J, Zubero, M, Baraia-Etxaburu, J, Ibarra, S, Ferrero, O, Lopez de Munain, J, Camara, M, Lopez, I, de la Pena, M, Suarez-Garcia, I, Malmierca, E, Olalla, J, del Arco, A, de la Torre, J, Prada, J, Caracuel, Z, Lopez-Lirola, A, Lozano, A, Fernandez, E, Martinez, O, Vera, F, Martinez, L, Alcaraz, B, Jimeno, A, Poveda, E, Pernas, B, Mena, A, Grandal, M, Castro, A, Pedreira, J, Galera, C, Albendin, H, Iborra, A, Campillo, M, Vidal, A, Amador, C, Pasquau, F, Ena, J, Benito, C, Fenoll, V, Mohamed-Balghata, M, Gomez, M, Alberto de Zarraga, M, Rivas, M, Gorgolas, M, Svedhem-Johansson, V, Flamholc, L, Gisslen, M, Hejdeman, B, Norgren, H, Wendahl, S, Vourli G., Noori T., Pharris A., Porter K., Axelsson M., Begovac J., Cazein F., Costagliola D., Cowan S., Croxford S., Monforte A. D., Delpech V., Diaz A., Girardi E., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B., Hernando V., Leierer G., Lot F., Nunez O., Obel N., Op de Coul E., Paraskeva D., Patrinos S., Reiss P., Schmid D., Sonnerborg A., Suligoi B., Supervie V., van Sighem A., Zangerle R., Touloumi G., Egle A., Kanatschnig M., Ollinger A., Rieger A., Schmied B., Wallner E., Dewasurendra D., Gisinger M., Kitchen M., Plattner A., Rieser E., Sarcletti M., Greil R., Schachner M., Skocic M., Muller M., Aichwalder R., Chromy D., Grabmeier-Pfstershammer K., Skoll M., Touzeau V., Cichon P., Wolf-Nussmuller S., Laferl H., Zoufaly A., Genger-Hackl C., Kapper A., Schneeberger T., Trattner E., Schober G., Atzl M., Hartmann B., Puchhammer-Stockl E., Berg J., Appoyer H., Rappold M., Strickner S., Schindelwig K., Ledergerber B., Fatkenheuer G., Gerstof J., Kronborg G., Pedersen C., Larsen C. S., Pedersen G., Mohey R., Nielsen L., Weise L., Kvinesdal B., Jensen J., Abgrall S., Bernard L., Billaud E., Boue F., Boyer L., Cabie A., Caby F., Canestri A., Cotte L., de Truchis P., Duval X., Duvivier C., Enel P., Fischer H., Gasnault J., Gaud C., Grabar S., Khuong-Josses M. A., Launay O., Marchand L., Mary-Krause M., Matheron S., Melica-Gregoire G., Melliez H., Meynard J. L., Nacher M., Pavie J., Piroth L., Poizot-Martin I., Pradier C., Reynes J., Rouveix E., Simon A., Slama L., Tattevin P., Tissot-Dupont H., Biga J., Kurth T., Jacquemet N., Guiguet M., Leclercq S., Lievre L., Marshall E., Roul H., Selinger-Leneman H., Potard V., Benveniste O., Breton G., Lupin C., Bourzam E., Girard P. M., Fonquernie L., Valin N., Lefebvre B., Sebire M., Pialoux G., Lebrette M. G., Tibaut P., Adda A., Hamidi M., Cadranel J., Lavole A., Parrot A., Bouchaud O., Vignier N., Mechai F., Makhlouf S., Honore P., Bergmann J. 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M., Doncesco R., Jacques G., May T., Rabaud C., Andre M., Delestan M., Bouillon M. P., Bani-Sadr F., Rouger C., Berger J. L., Nguyen Y., Marchou B., Delobel P., Martin Blondel G., Cuzin L., Biezunski N., Alric L., Bonnet D., Guivarch M., Palacin A., Payssan V., Ajana F., Meybeck A., Viget N., Pugliese P., Roger P. M., Rosenthal E., Durant J., Cua E., Naqvi A., Perbost I., Risso K., Quinsat D., Raphael St., Del Giudice P., Dides P. Y., Sambuc R., Antolini-Bouvenot M. S., Druart P., Meddeb L., Ravaux I., Menard A., Tomei C., Dhiver C., Moreau J., Mokhtari S., Soavi M. J., Tomas V., Bregigeon S., Faucher O., Obry-Roguet V., Ritleng A. S., Petit N., Bartoli C., Ruiz J. M., Blanc D., Allegre T., Sordage M., Riou J. M., Faudon C., Slama B., Zerazhi H., Boulat O., Chebrek S., Beyrne M., Granet Brunello P., Pellissier L., Bonnabel D., Cohen Valensi R., Mouchet B., Mboungou G., Lafeuillade A., Hope-Rapp E., Hittinger G., Philip G., Lambry V., Raf F., Allavena C., Hall N., Reliquet V., Chidiac C., Ferry T., Perpoint T., Miailhes P., Boibieux A., Livrozet J. M., Makhlouf D., Brunel F., Chiarello P., Hoen B., Lamaury I., Fabre I., Samar K., Duvallon E., Clavel C., Stegmann S., Walter V., Adriouch L., Huber F., Vanticlke V., Couppie P., Abel S., Pierre-Francois S., Ricaud C., Rodet R., Wartel G., Sautron C., Poubeau P., Borgherini G., Camuset G., Arasteh K., Kowohl Vivantes S., Schurmann D., Warncke Charite M., Rockstroh J., Wasmuth J., Hass S., Jensen B. O., Feind C., Esser S., Schenk-Westkamp P., Haberl A., Stephan C., Plettenberg A., Kuhlendahl F., Adam A., Weitner L., Schewe K., Goey H., Fenske S., Buhk T., Stellbrink H. J., Hofmann C., Hansen S., Degen O., Heuer M., Stoll M., Gerschmann S., Horst H., Trautmann S., Gillor D., Bogner J., Sonntag B., Salzberger B., Fritzsche C., Adamis G., Antoniadou A., Chini M., Chrysos G., Gikas A., Gogos H. A., Katsarou O., Lazanas M., Metallidis S., Panagopoulos P., Paparizos V., Papastamopoulos V., Paraskevis D., Psychogiou M., Sambatakou H., Sipsas N. V., Pantazis N., Papadopoulos A., Nitsotolis T., Xylomenos G., Marangos M. N., Kouramba A., Kontos A., Lioni A., Tsachouridou O., Kourkounti S., Ganitis A., Barbounakis E., d'Arminio Monforte A., Antinori A., Andreoni M., Castagna A., Castelli F., Cauda R., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Marchetti G. C., Rezza G., von Schloesser F., Viale P., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cozzi-Lepri A., Lo Caputo S., Mussini C., Puoti M., Perno C. F., Bai F., Balotta C., Bandera A., Bonora S., Borderi M., Calcagno A., Capetti A., Capobianchi M. R., Cicalini S., Cingolani A., Cinque P., Di Biagio A., Gianotti N., Gori A., Guaraldi G., Lapadula G., Lichtner M., Madeddu G., Maggiolo F., Marchetti G., Monno L., Nozza S., Pinnetti C., Quiros Roldan E., Rossotti R., Rusconi S., Santoro M. M., Saracino A., Sarmati L., Fanti I., Galli L., Lorenzini P., Rodano A., Macchia M., Tavelli A., Carletti F., Carrara S., Di Caro A., Graziano S., Petroni F., Prota G., Trufa S., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Barocci V., Angarano G., Milano E., Suardi C., Donati V., Verucchi G., Castelnuovo F., Minardi C., Menzaghi B., Abeli C., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolf L., Segala D., Blanc P., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Fondaco L., Bonfanti P., Molteni C., Chiodera A., Milini P., Nunnari G., Pellicano G., Rizzardini G., Cannizzo E. S., Moioli M. 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S., Pedersen G., Mohey R., Nielsen L., Weise L., Kvinesdal B., Jensen J., Abgrall S., Bernard L., Billaud E., Boue F., Boyer L., Cabie A., Caby F., Canestri A., Cotte L., de Truchis P., Duval X., Duvivier C., Enel P., Fischer H., Gasnault J., Gaud C., Grabar S., Khuong-Josses M. A., Launay O., Marchand L., Mary-Krause M., Matheron S., Melica-Gregoire G., Melliez H., Meynard J. L., Nacher M., Pavie J., Piroth L., Poizot-Martin I., Pradier C., Reynes J., Rouveix E., Simon A., Slama L., Tattevin P., Tissot-Dupont H., Biga J., Kurth T., Jacquemet N., Guiguet M., Leclercq S., Lievre L., Marshall E., Roul H., Selinger-Leneman H., Potard V., Benveniste O., Breton G., Lupin C., Bourzam E., Girard P. M., Fonquernie L., Valin N., Lefebvre B., Sebire M., Pialoux G., Lebrette M. G., Tibaut P., Adda A., Hamidi M., Cadranel J., Lavole A., Parrot A., Bouchaud O., Vignier N., Mechai F., Makhlouf S., Honore P., Bergmann J. 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P., Pannier Metzger E., Marcou V., Loulergue P., Dupin N., Morini J. P., Deleuze J., Gerhardt P., Chanal J., Weiss L., Lucas M. L., Jung C., Ptak M., Viard J. P., Ghosn J., Gazalet P., Cros A., Maignan A., Lortholary O., Rouzaud C., Touam F., Benhadj K., Consigny P. H., Bossi P., Gergely A., Cessot G., Durand F., Beck-Wirth G., Michel C., Benomar M., Rey D., Partisani M., Cheneau C., Batard M. L., Fischer P., Leclercq P., Blanc M., Morand P., Epaulard O., Signori-Schmuck A., Laurichesse H., Jacomet C., Vidal M., Coban D., Casanova S., Fresard A., Guglielminotti C., Botelho-Nevers E., Brunon-Gagneux A., Ronat V., Verdon R., Dargere S., Haustraete E., Feret P., Goubin P., Chavanet P., Fillion A., Croisier D., Gohier S., Arvieux C., Souala F., Chapplain J. M., Ratajczak M., Rohan J., Faller J. P., Ruyer O., Gendrin V., Toko L., Chirouze C., Hustache-Mathieu L., Faucher J. F., Proust A., Magy-Bertrand N., Gil H., Meaux-Ruault N., Sotto A., Rouanet I., Mauboussin J. M., Doncesco R., Jacques G., May T., Rabaud C., Andre M., Delestan M., Bouillon M. P., Bani-Sadr F., Rouger C., Berger J. L., Nguyen Y., Marchou B., Delobel P., Martin Blondel G., Cuzin L., Biezunski N., Alric L., Bonnet D., Guivarch M., Palacin A., Payssan V., Ajana F., Meybeck A., Viget N., Pugliese P., Roger P. M., Rosenthal E., Durant J., Cua E., Naqvi A., Perbost I., Risso K., Quinsat D., Raphael St., Del Giudice P., Dides P. Y., Sambuc R., Antolini-Bouvenot M. S., Druart P., Meddeb L., Ravaux I., Menard A., Tomei C., Dhiver C., Moreau J., Mokhtari S., Soavi M. J., Tomas V., Bregigeon S., Faucher O., Obry-Roguet V., Ritleng A. S., Petit N., Bartoli C., Ruiz J. M., Blanc D., Allegre T., Sordage M., Riou J. 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J., Hofmann C., Hansen S., Degen O., Heuer M., Stoll M., Gerschmann S., Horst H., Trautmann S., Gillor D., Bogner J., Sonntag B., Salzberger B., Fritzsche C., Adamis G., Antoniadou A., Chini M., Chrysos G., Gikas A., Gogos H. A., Katsarou O., Lazanas M., Metallidis S., Panagopoulos P., Paparizos V., Papastamopoulos V., Paraskevis D., Psychogiou M., Sambatakou H., Sipsas N. V., Pantazis N., Papadopoulos A., Nitsotolis T., Xylomenos G., Marangos M. N., Kouramba A., Kontos A., Lioni A., Tsachouridou O., Kourkounti S., Ganitis A., Barbounakis E., d'Arminio Monforte A., Antinori A., Andreoni M., Castagna A., Castelli F., Cauda R., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Marchetti G. C., Rezza G., von Schloesser F., Viale P., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cozzi-Lepri A., Lo Caputo S., Mussini C., Puoti M., Perno C. F., Bai F., Balotta C., Bandera A., Bonora S., Borderi M., Calcagno A., Capetti A., Capobianchi M. R., Cicalini S., Cingolani A., Cinque P., Di Biagio A., Gianotti N., Gori A., Guaraldi G., Lapadula G., Lichtner M., Madeddu G., Maggiolo F., Marchetti G., Monno L., Nozza S., Pinnetti C., Quiros Roldan E., Rossotti R., Rusconi S., Santoro M. M., Saracino A., Sarmati L., Fanti I., Galli L., Lorenzini P., Rodano A., Macchia M., Tavelli A., Carletti F., Carrara S., Di Caro A., Graziano S., Petroni F., Prota G., Trufa S., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Barocci V., Angarano G., Milano E., Suardi C., Donati V., Verucchi G., Castelnuovo F., Minardi C., Menzaghi B., Abeli C., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolf L., Segala D., Blanc P., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Fondaco L., Bonfanti P., Molteni C., Chiodera A., Milini P., Nunnari G., Pellicano G., Rizzardini G., Cannizzo E. S., Moioli M. C., Piolini R., Bernacchia D., Salpietro S., Tincati C., Puzzolante C., Migliorino C., Sangiovanni V., Borgia G., Esposito V., Di Flumeri G., Gentile I., Rizzo V., Cattelan A. M., Marinello S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Francisci D., Schiaroli E., Parruti G., Sozio F., Magnani G., Ursitti M. A., Cristaudo A., Vullo V., Acinapura R., Moschese D., Capozzi M., Mondi A., Rivano Capparuccia M., Iaiani G., Latini A., Gagliardini R., Plazzi M. M., De Girolamo G., Vergori A., Cecchetto M., Viviani F., De Vito A., Rossetti B., Montagnani F., Franco A., Fontana Del Vecchio R., Di Giuli C., Caramello P., Orofno G. C., Sciandra M., Bassetti M., Londero A., Manfrin V., Battagin G., Starnini G., Ialungo A., van der Valk M., Geerlings S. E., Goorhuis A., Hovius J. W., Lempkes B., Nellen F. J. B., van der Poll T., Prins J. M., van Vugt M., Wiersinga W. J., Wit F. W. M. N., van Duinen M., van Eden J., Hazenberg A., van Hes A. M. H., Pijnappel F. J. J., Smalhout S. Y., Weijsenfeld A. M., Jurriaans S., Back N. K. T., Zaaijer H. L., Berkhout B., Cornelissen M. T. E., Schinkel C. J., Wolthers K. C., Peters E. J. G., van Agtmael M. A., Bomers M., Sigalof K. C. E., Heitmuller M., Laan L. M., Ang C. W., van Houdt R., Jonges M., van Prehn J., Kuijpers T. W., Pajkrt D., Scherpbier H. J., de Boer C., van der Plas A., van den Berge M., Stegeman A., Baas S., Hage de Loof L., Wintermans B., Veenemans J., Pronk M. J. H., Ammerlaan H. S. M., de Munnik E. S., Jansz A. R., Tjhie J., Wegdam M. C. A., Deiman B., Scharnhorst V., van Eeden A., Brokking W., Elsenburg L. J. M., Nobel H., Damen M., van Kasteren M. E. E., Berrevoets M. A. H., Brouwer A. E., Adams A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel B. A. F. M., Keelan-Pfaf S., van der Ven B., Buiting A. G. M., Murck J. L., Versteeg D., de Vries-Sluijs T. E. M. S., Bax H. I., van Gorp E. C. M., Nouwen J. L., Rijnders B. J. A., Schurink C. A. M., Verbon A., de Jong-Peltenburg N. C., Bassant N., van Beek J. E. A., Vriesde M., van Zonneveld L. M., van den Berg-Cameron H. J., de Groot J., Boucher C. A. B., Koopmans M. P. G., van Kampen J. J. A., Fraaij P. L. A., van Rossum A. M. C., Vermont C. L., van der Knaap L. C., Visser E., Branger J., Douma R. A., Duijf-Van de Ven C. J. H. M., Schippers E. F., van Nieuwkoop C., van IJperen J. M., Geilings J., van der Hut G., van Burgel N. D., Leyten E. M. S., Gelinck L. B. S., Mollema F., Davids-Veldhuis S., Wildenbeest G. S., Heikens E., Groeneveld P. H. P., Bouwhuis J. W., Lammers A. J. J., Kraan S., van Hulzen A. G. W., Kruiper M. S. M., van der Bliek G. L., Bor P. C. J., Bloembergen P., Wolfagen M. J. H. M., Ruijs G. J. H. M., Kroon F. P., de Boer M. G. J., Scheper H., Jolink H., Dorama W., van Holten N., Claas E. C. J., Wessels E., den Hollander J. G., El Moussaoui R., Pogany K., Kastelijns M., Smit J. V., Smit E., Struik-Kalkman D., Tearno C., van Niekerk T., Pontesilli O., Lowe S. H., Oude Lashof A. M. L., Posthouwer D., Ackens R. P., Burgers K., Schippers J., Weijenberg-Maes B., van Loo I. H. M., Havenith T. R. A., Weijer S., van Vonderen M. G. A., Kampschreur L. M., Faber S., Steeman-Bouma R., Weel J., Kootstra G. J., Delsing C. E., van der Burg-Van de Plas M., Heins H., Kortmann W., van Twillert G., Renckens R., Ruiter-Pronk D., van Truijen-Oud F. A., Cohen Stuart J. W. T., Jansen E. R., Hoogewerf M., Rozemeijer W., van der Reijden W. A., Sinnige J. C., Brinkman K., van den Berk G. E. L., Blok W. L., Frissen P. H. J., Lettinga K. D., Schouten W. E. M., Veenstra J., Vrouenraets S. M. E., Brouwer C. J., Geerders G. F., Hoeksema K., Kleene M. J., Knapen M., van der Meche I. B., Mulder-Seeleman E., Toonen A. J. M., Wijnands S., Kwa D., van Crevel R., van Aerde K., Doferhof A. S. M., Henriet S. S. V., ter Hofstede H. J. M., Hoogerwerf J., Keuter M., Richel O., Albers M., Grintjes-Huisman K. J. T., de Haan M., Marneef M., Strik-Albers R., Rahamat-Langendoen J., Stelma F. F., Burger D., Gisolf E. H., Hassing R. J., Claassen M., ter Beest G., van Bentum P. H. M., Langebeek N., Tiemessen R., Swanink C. M. A., van Lelyveld S. F. L., Soetekouw R., van der Prijt L. M. M., van der Swaluw J., Bermon N., Jansen R., Herpers B. L., Veenendaal D., Verhagen D. W. M., Lauw F. N., van Broekhuizen M. C., van Wijk M., Bierman W. F. W., Bakker M., Kleinnijenhuis J., Kloeze E., Middel A., Scholvinck E. H., Stienstra Y., Verhage A. R., Wouthuyzen-Bakker K. M., Boonstra A., de Groot-De Jonge H., van der Meulen P. A., de Weerd D. A., Niesters H. G. M., van Leer-Buter C. C., Knoester M., Hoepelman A. I. M., Arends J. E., Barth R. E., Bruns A. H. W., Ellerbroek P. M., Mudrikova T., Oosterheert J. J., de Regt M. J. A., Schadd E. M., van Zoelen M. A. D., Aarsman K., Grifoen-Van Santen B. M. G., de Kroon I., van Rooijen C. S. A. M., van Berkel M., Schuurman R., Verduyn-Lunel F., Wensing A. M. J., Bont L. J., Geelen S. P. M., Loefen Y. G. T., Wolfs T. F. W., Nauta N., Zaheri S., Boyd A. C., Bezemer D. O., van Sighem A. I., Smit C., Hillebregt M., de Jong A., Woudstra T., Bergsma D., Meijering R., van de Sande L., Rutkens T., van der Vliet S., de Groot L., van den Akker M., Bakker Y., El Berkaoui A., Bezemer M., Bretin N., Djoechro E., Geerlinks J., Kruijne E., Lodewijk C., Lucas E., van der Meer R., Munjishvili L., Paling F., Peeck B., Ree C., Regtop R., Ruijs Y., Schoorl M., Schnorr P., Tuijn E., Veenenberg L., Witte E. C., Tuk B., Moreno S., del Amo J., Dalmau D., Navarro M. L., Gonzalez M. I., Blanco J. L., Garcia F., Rubio R., Iribarren J. A., Gutierrez F., Vidal F., Berenguer J., Gonzalez J., Sobrino P., Alejos B., Alvarez D., Jarrin I., Moreno C., Munoz-Fernandez M. A., Garcia-Merino I., Rico C. G., de la Fuente J. G., Torre A. G., Portilla J., Merino E., Reus S., Boix V., Giner L., Gadea C., Portilla I., Pampliega M., Diez M., Rodriguez J. C., Sanchez-Paya J., Podzamczer D., Imaz E. F. A., Van Den Eyncle E., Di Yacovo S., Sumoy M., Gomez J. L., Hernandez J., Aleman M. R., Alonso M. D. M., Hernandez M. I., Diaz-Flores F., Garcia D., Pelazas R., Asensi V., Valle E., Carton J. A., Perez V. E., Molina M. J. T., Garcia J. V., Carrera E. P. -C., Pulido F., Bisbal O., Matarranz M., Lagarde M., Rubio-Martin R., Hernando A., Bermejo L., Dominguez L., Arrizabalaga J., Aramburu M. J., Camino X., Rodriguez-Arrondo F., von Wichmann M. A., Tome L. P., Goenaga M. A., Bustinduy M. J., Galparsoro H. A., Ibarguren M., Aguado M., Umerez M., Masia M., Lopez C., Padilla S., Navarro A., Montolio F., Robledano C., Colome J. G., Adsuar A., Pascual R., Carlos F., Martinez M., Garcia J. L., Fernandez M., Garcia E., Muga R., Tor J., Sanvisens A., Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez J. C., Miralles P., Gutierrez I., Ramirez M., Padilla B., Gijon P., Carrero A., Aldamiz-Echevarria T., Tejerina F., Parras F. J., Balsalobre P., Diez C., Peraire J., Vilades C., Veloso S., Vargas M., Lopez-Dupla M., Olona M., Aguilar A., Sirvent J. J., Alba V., Calavia O., Montero M., Lacruz J., Blanes M., Calabuig E., Cuellar S., Lopez J., Salavert M., de la Serna I. B., Arribas J. R., Montes M. L., Pena J. M., Arribas B., Castro J. M., Zamora J., Perez I., Estebanez M., Garcia S., Diaz M., Alcariz N. S., Mingorance J., Montero D., Gonzalez A., Isabel de Jose M., de los Santos I., Sanz J., Salas A., Sarria C., Berrocal A. G., Garcia-Fraile L., Oteo J. A., Blanco J. R., Ibarra V., Metola L., Sanz M., Perez-Martinez L., Pascual A., Ramos C., Arazo P., Gil D., Jaen A., Cairo M., Irigoyen D., Jordano Q., Xercavins M., Martinez-Lacasa J., Velli P., Font R., Sanmarti M., Ibanez L., Rivero M., Casado M. I., Diaz J. A., Uriz J., Reparaz J., Irigoyen C., Arraiza M. J., Segura F., Amengual M. J., Navarro G., Sala M., Cervantes M., Pineda V., Segura V., Navarro M., Anton E., Nogueras M. M., Casado J. L., Dronda F., Moreno A., Elias M. J. P., Lopez D., Gutierrez C., Madrid N., Lamas A., Marti P., de Diaz A., Serrrano S., Donat L., Cano A., Bernal E., Munoz A., Pena A., Munoz L., Parra J., Alvarez M., Chueca N., Guillot V., Vinuesa D., Fernandez J. A., Del Romero J., Rodriguez C., Puerta T., Carrio J. C., Vera M., Ballesteros J., Domingo P., Sambeat M. A., Lamarca K., Mateo G., Gutierrez M., Fernandez I., Antela A., Losada E., Riera M., Penaranda M., Leyes M., Ribas M. A., Campins A. A., Vidal C., Gil L., Fanjul F., Marinescu C., Ribera E., Santos J., Marquez M., Viciana I., Palacios R., Gonzalez C. M., Viciana P., Leal M., Lopez-Cortes L. F., Espinosa N., Munoz J., Zubero M. Z., Baraia-Etxaburu J. M., Ibarra S., Ferrero O., Lopez de Munain J., Camara M. M., Lopez I., de la Pena M., Suarez-Garcia I., Malmierca E., Olalla J., del Arco A., de la Torre J., Prada J. L., Caracuel Z., Lopez-Lirola A. M., Lozano A. B., Fernandez E., Fernandez J. M., Martinez O. J., Vera F. J., Martinez L., Garcia J., Alcaraz B., Jimeno A., Poveda E., Pernas B., Mena A., Grandal M., Castro A., Pedreira J. D., Galera C., Albendin H., Iborra A., Campillo M. A., Vidal A., Amador C., Pasquau F., Ena J., Benito C., Fenoll V., Mohamed-Balghata M. O., Gomez M. A., Alberto de Zarraga M., Rivas M. E., Gorgolas M., Svedhem-Johansson V., Flamholc L., Gisslen M., Hejdeman B., Norgren H., and Wendahl S.
Abstract: Background. High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods. A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed who ever initiated ART; and proportion of those ever treated who achieved viral suppression at their last visit. Results. We estimated that 87% of PLHIV were diagnosed; 92% of those diagnosed had ever initiated ART; and 91% of those ever on ART, or 73% of all PLHIV, were virally suppressed. Corresponding figures for men having sex with men were: 86%, 93%, 93%, 74%; for people who inject drugs: 94%, 88%, 85%, 70%; and for heterosexuals: 86%, 92%, 91%, 72%. The proportion suppressed of all PLHIV ranged from 59% to 86% across countries. Conclusions. The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target and achieved the UNAIDS target of 73% of all PLHIV virally suppressed, significant progress since 2013 when 60% of all PLHIV were virally suppressed. Strengthening of testing programs and treatment support, along with prevention interventions, are needed to achieve HIV epidemic control.
Published: 2020

29. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgical care after the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Breugem, C, Smit, H, Mark, H, Davies, G, Schachner, P, Collard, M, Sell, D, Autelitano, L, Rezzonico, A, Mazzoleni, F, Novelli, G, Mossey, P, Persson, M, Mehendale, F, Gaggl, A, Van Gogh, C, Zuurbier, P, Reinart, S, De Graaff, F, Meazzini, C, Breugem C., Smit H., Mark H., Davies G., Schachner P., Collard M., Sell D., Autelitano L., Rezzonico A., Mazzoleni F., Novelli G., Mossey P., Persson M., Mehendale F., Gaggl A., Van Gogh C., Zuurbier P., Reinart S., De Graaff F., Meazzini C., Breugem, C, Smit, H, Mark, H, Davies, G, Schachner, P, Collard, M, Sell, D, Autelitano, L, Rezzonico, A, Mazzoleni, F, Novelli, G, Mossey, P, Persson, M, Mehendale, F, Gaggl, A, Van Gogh, C, Zuurbier, P, Reinart, S, De Graaff, F, Meazzini, C, Breugem C., Smit H., Mark H., Davies G., Schachner P., Collard M., Sell D., Autelitano L., Rezzonico A., Mazzoleni F., Novelli G., Mossey P., Persson M., Mehendale F., Gaggl A., Van Gogh C., Zuurbier P., Reinart S., De Graaff F., and Meazzini C.
Abstract: Background: It is anticipated that in due course the burden of emergency care due to COVID-19 infected patients will reduce sufficiently to permit elective surgical procedures to recommence. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgery in the already overloaded medical system will then become an issue. The European Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association, together with the European Cleft and Craniofacial Initiative for Equality in Care, performed a brief survey to capture a current snapshot during a rapidly evolving pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 2242 participants who attended 1 of 3 recent international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Results: The respondents indicated that children with Robin sequence who were not responding to nonsurgical options should be treated as emergency cases. Over 70% of the respondents indicated that palate repair should be performed before the age of 15 months, an additional 22% stating the same be performed by 18 months. Placement of middle ear tubes, primary cleft lip surgery, alveolar bone grafting, and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery also need prioritization. Children with craniofacial conditions such as craniosynostosis and increased intracranial pressure need immediate care, whilst children with craniosynostosis and associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or proptosis need surgical care within 3 months of the typical timing. Craniosynostosis without signs of increased intracranial pressure needs correction before the age of 18 months. Conclusions: This survey indicates several areas of cleft and craniofacial conditions that need prioritization, but also certain areas where intervention is less urgent. We acknowledge that there will be differences in the post COVID-19 response according to circumstances and policies in individual countries.
Published: 2020

30. Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the Infant-Directed-Speech preference

Author: ManyBabies Consortium, T, Frank, M, Jane Alcock, K, Arias-Trejo, N, Aschersleben, G, Baldwin, D, Barbu, S, Bergelson, E, Bergmann, C, Black, A, Blything, R, Böhland, M, Bolitho, P, Borovsky, A, Brady, S, Braun, B, Brown, A, Byers-Heinlein, K, Campbell, L, Cashon, C, Choi, M, Christodoulou, J, Cirelli, L, Conte, S, Cordes, S, Cox, C, Cristia, A, Cusack, R, Davies, C, de Klerk, M, Delle Luche, C, de Ruiter, L, Dinakar, D, Dixon, K, Durier, V, Durrant, S, Fennell, C, Ferguson, B, Ferry, A, Fikkert, P, Flanagan, T, Floccia, C, Foley, M, Fritzsche, T, Frost, R, Gampe, A, Gervain, J, Gonzalez-Gomez, N, Gupta, A, Hahn, L, Kiley Hamlin, J, Hannon, E, Havron, N, Hay, J, Hernik, M, Höhle, B, Houston, D, Howard, L, Ishikawa, M, Itakura, S, Jackson, I, Jakobsen, K, Jarto, M, Johnson, S, Junge, C, Karadag, D, Kartushina, N, Kellier, D, Keren-Portnoy, T, Klassen, K, Kline, M, Ko, E, Kominsky, J, Kosie, J, Kragness, H, Krieger, A, Krieger, F, Lany, J, Lazo, R, Lee, M, Leservoisier, C, Levelt, C, Lew-Williams, C, Lippold, M, Liszkowski, U, Liu, L, Luke, S, Lundwall, R, MACCHI CASSIA, V, Mani, N, Marino, C, Martin, A, Mastroberardino, M, Mateu, V, Mayor, J, Menn, K, Michel, C, Moriguchi, Y, Morris, B, Nave, K, Nazzi, T, Noble, C, Novack, M, Olesen, N, John Orena, A, Ota, M, Panneton, R, Parvanezadeh Esfahani, S, Paulus, M, Pletti, C, Polka, L, Potter, C, Rabagliati, H, Ramachandran, S, Rennels, J, Reynolds, G, Roth, K, Rothwell, C, Rubez, D, Ryjova, Y, Saffran, J, Sato, A, Savelkouls, S, Schachner, A, Schafer, G, Schreiner, M, Seidl, A, Shukla, M, Simpson, E, Singh, L, Skarabela, B, Soley, G, Sundara, M, Theakston, A, Thompson, A, Trainor, L, Trehub, S, Trøan, A, Sin-Mei Tsui, A, Twomey, K, Von Holzen, K, Wang, Y, Waxman, S, Werker, J, Wermelinger, S, Woolard, A, Yurovsky, D, Zahner, K, Zettersten, M, Soderstrom, M, The ManyBabies Consortium, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Maartje de Klerk, Claire Delle Luche, Laura de Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L. A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, J. Kiley Hamlin, Erin E. Hannon, Naomi Havron, Jessica Hay, Mikołaj Hernik, Barbara Höhle, Derek M. Houston, Lauren H. Howard, Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Shoji Itakura, Iain Jackson, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Marianna Jarto, Scott P. Johnson, Caroline Junge, Didar Karadag, Natalia Kartushina, Danielle J. Kellier, Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Kelsey Klassen, Melissa Kline, Eon-Suk Ko, Jonathan F. Kominsky, Jessica E. Kosie, Haley E. Kragness, Andrea A. R. Krieger, Florian Krieger, Jill Lany, Roberto J. Lazo, Michelle Lee, Chloé Leservoisier, Claartje Levelt, Casey Lew-Williams, Matthias Lippold, Ulf Liszkowski, Liquan Liu, Steven G. Luke, Rebecca A. Lundwall, Viola Macchi Cassia, Nivedita Mani, Caterina Marino, Alia Martin, Meghan Mastroberardino, Victoria Mateu, Julien Mayor, Katharina Menn, Christine Michel, Yusuke Moriguchi, Benjamin Morris, Karli M. Nave, Thierry Nazzi, Claire Noble, Miriam A. Novack, Nonah M. Olesen, Adriel John Orena, Mitsuhiko Ota, Robin Panneton, Sara Parvanezadeh Esfahani, Markus Paulus, Carolina Pletti, Linda Polka, Christine Potter, Hugh Rabagliati, Shruthilaya Ramachandran, Jennifer L. Rennels, Greg D. Reynolds, Kelly C. Roth, Charlotte Rothwell, Doroteja Rubez, Yana Ryjova, Jenny Saffran, Ayumi Sato, Sophie Savelkouls, Adena Schachner, Graham Schafer, Melanie S. Schreiner, Amanda Seidl, Mohinish Shukla, Elizabeth A. Simpson, Leher Singh, Barbora Skarabela, Gaye Soley, Megha Sundara, Anna Theakston, Abbie Thompson, Laurel J. Trainor, Sandra E. Trehub, Anna S. Trøan, Angeline Sin-Mei Tsui, Katherine Twomey, Katie Von Holzen, Yuanyuan Wang, Sandra Waxman, Janet F. Werker, Stephanie Wermelinger, Alix Woolard, Daniel Yurovsky, Katharina Zahner, Martin Zettersten, Melanie Soderstrom, ManyBabies Consortium, T, Frank, M, Jane Alcock, K, Arias-Trejo, N, Aschersleben, G, Baldwin, D, Barbu, S, Bergelson, E, Bergmann, C, Black, A, Blything, R, Böhland, M, Bolitho, P, Borovsky, A, Brady, S, Braun, B, Brown, A, Byers-Heinlein, K, Campbell, L, Cashon, C, Choi, M, Christodoulou, J, Cirelli, L, Conte, S, Cordes, S, Cox, C, Cristia, A, Cusack, R, Davies, C, de Klerk, M, Delle Luche, C, de Ruiter, L, Dinakar, D, Dixon, K, Durier, V, Durrant, S, Fennell, C, Ferguson, B, Ferry, A, Fikkert, P, Flanagan, T, Floccia, C, Foley, M, Fritzsche, T, Frost, R, Gampe, A, Gervain, J, Gonzalez-Gomez, N, Gupta, A, Hahn, L, Kiley Hamlin, J, Hannon, E, Havron, N, Hay, J, Hernik, M, Höhle, B, Houston, D, Howard, L, Ishikawa, M, Itakura, S, Jackson, I, Jakobsen, K, Jarto, M, Johnson, S, Junge, C, Karadag, D, Kartushina, N, Kellier, D, Keren-Portnoy, T, Klassen, K, Kline, M, Ko, E, Kominsky, J, Kosie, J, Kragness, H, Krieger, A, Krieger, F, Lany, J, Lazo, R, Lee, M, Leservoisier, C, Levelt, C, Lew-Williams, C, Lippold, M, Liszkowski, U, Liu, L, Luke, S, Lundwall, R, MACCHI CASSIA, V, Mani, N, Marino, C, Martin, A, Mastroberardino, M, Mateu, V, Mayor, J, Menn, K, Michel, C, Moriguchi, Y, Morris, B, Nave, K, Nazzi, T, Noble, C, Novack, M, Olesen, N, John Orena, A, Ota, M, Panneton, R, Parvanezadeh Esfahani, S, Paulus, M, Pletti, C, Polka, L, Potter, C, Rabagliati, H, Ramachandran, S, Rennels, J, Reynolds, G, Roth, K, Rothwell, C, Rubez, D, Ryjova, Y, Saffran, J, Sato, A, Savelkouls, S, Schachner, A, Schafer, G, Schreiner, M, Seidl, A, Shukla, M, Simpson, E, Singh, L, Skarabela, B, Soley, G, Sundara, M, Theakston, A, Thompson, A, Trainor, L, Trehub, S, Trøan, A, Sin-Mei Tsui, A, Twomey, K, Von Holzen, K, Wang, Y, Waxman, S, Werker, J, Wermelinger, S, Woolard, A, Yurovsky, D, Zahner, K, Zettersten, M, Soderstrom, M, The ManyBabies Consortium, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Maartje de Klerk, Claire Delle Luche, Laura de Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L. A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, J. Kiley Hamlin, Erin E. Hannon, Naomi Havron, Jessica Hay, Mikołaj Hernik, Barbara Höhle, Derek M. Houston, Lauren H. Howard, Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Shoji Itakura, Iain Jackson, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Marianna Jarto, Scott P. Johnson, Caroline Junge, Didar Karadag, Natalia Kartushina, Danielle J. Kellier, Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Kelsey Klassen, Melissa Kline, Eon-Suk Ko, Jonathan F. Kominsky, Jessica E. Kosie, Haley E. Kragness, Andrea A. R. Krieger, Florian Krieger, Jill Lany, Roberto J. Lazo, Michelle Lee, Chloé Leservoisier, Claartje Levelt, Casey Lew-Williams, Matthias Lippold, Ulf Liszkowski, Liquan Liu, Steven G. Luke, Rebecca A. Lundwall, Viola Macchi Cassia, Nivedita Mani, Caterina Marino, Alia Martin, Meghan Mastroberardino, Victoria Mateu, Julien Mayor, Katharina Menn, Christine Michel, Yusuke Moriguchi, Benjamin Morris, Karli M. Nave, Thierry Nazzi, Claire Noble, Miriam A. Novack, Nonah M. Olesen, Adriel John Orena, Mitsuhiko Ota, Robin Panneton, Sara Parvanezadeh Esfahani, Markus Paulus, Carolina Pletti, Linda Polka, Christine Potter, Hugh Rabagliati, Shruthilaya Ramachandran, Jennifer L. Rennels, Greg D. Reynolds, Kelly C. Roth, Charlotte Rothwell, Doroteja Rubez, Yana Ryjova, Jenny Saffran, Ayumi Sato, Sophie Savelkouls, Adena Schachner, Graham Schafer, Melanie S. Schreiner, Amanda Seidl, Mohinish Shukla, Elizabeth A. Simpson, Leher Singh, Barbora Skarabela, Gaye Soley, Megha Sundara, Anna Theakston, Abbie Thompson, Laurel J. Trainor, Sandra E. Trehub, Anna S. Trøan, Angeline Sin-Mei Tsui, Katherine Twomey, Katie Von Holzen, Yuanyuan Wang, Sandra Waxman, Janet F. Werker, Stephanie Wermelinger, Alix Woolard, Daniel Yurovsky, Katharina Zahner, Martin Zettersten, and Melanie Soderstrom
Abstract: Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using seminaturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.
Published: 2020

31. People think of others as more prosocial when they are motivated by aesthetic goals vs. instrumental goals

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: People expect others to take efficient paths toward goals. Inefficiency changes how we categorize actions, leading us to see actions as play (Chu & Schulz, 2020), or as movements performed for their own intrinsic value (Schachner & Carey, 2013). Here we find that performing actions for their own value (e.g., aesthetic value), versus for instrumental purposes, provides social information about others. In a pre-registered experiment (N=360), participants judged which character in a pair was more compassionate, or more selfish/manipulative. For one key pair (among distractors), both characters performed the same activity (music, painting, eating, exercising, math, being in nature), and we manipulated why: Either for its own aesthetic value, or as a means-to-an-end (instrumental value). Across all activities, aesthetically-motivated characters were judged as more compassionate and less selfish/manipulative than instrumentally-motivated characters (p’s<0.01). Aesthetically-motivated behavior may signal others’ emotionality moreso than instrumentally-motivated activities, driving inferences about prosociality.
Published: 2022

32. Acoustic regularities in infant-directed speech and song across cultures.

Author: Hilton, Courtney B, Hilton, Courtney B, Moser, Cody J, Bertolo, Mila, Lee-Rubin, Harry, Amir, Dorsa, Bainbridge, Constance M, Simson, Jan, Knox, Dean, Glowacki, Luke, Alemu, Elias, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Jasienska, Grazyna, Ross, Cody T, Neff, Mary Beth, Martin, Alia, Cirelli, Laura K, Trehub, Sandra E, Song, Jinqi, Kim, Minju, Schachner, Adena, Vardy, Tom A, Atkinson, Quentin D, Salenius, Amanda, Andelin, Jannik, Antfolk, Jan, Madhivanan, Purnima, Siddaiah, Anand, Placek, Caitlyn D, Salali, Gul Deniz, Keestra, Sarai, Singh, Manvir, Collins, Scott A, Patton, John Q, Scaff, Camila, Stieglitz, Jonathan, Cutipa, Silvia Ccari, Moya, Cristina, Sagar, Rohan R, Anyawire, Mariamu, Mabulla, Audax, Wood, Brian M, Krasnow, Max M, Mehr, Samuel A, Hilton, Courtney B, Hilton, Courtney B, Moser, Cody J, Bertolo, Mila, Lee-Rubin, Harry, Amir, Dorsa, Bainbridge, Constance M, Simson, Jan, Knox, Dean, Glowacki, Luke, Alemu, Elias, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Jasienska, Grazyna, Ross, Cody T, Neff, Mary Beth, Martin, Alia, Cirelli, Laura K, Trehub, Sandra E, Song, Jinqi, Kim, Minju, Schachner, Adena, Vardy, Tom A, Atkinson, Quentin D, Salenius, Amanda, Andelin, Jannik, Antfolk, Jan, Madhivanan, Purnima, Siddaiah, Anand, Placek, Caitlyn D, Salali, Gul Deniz, Keestra, Sarai, Singh, Manvir, Collins, Scott A, Patton, John Q, Scaff, Camila, Stieglitz, Jonathan, Cutipa, Silvia Ccari, Moya, Cristina, Sagar, Rohan R, Anyawire, Mariamu, Mabulla, Audax, Wood, Brian M, Krasnow, Max M, and Mehr, Samuel A
Abstract: When interacting with infants, humans often alter their speech and song in ways thought to support communication. Theories of human child-rearing, informed by data on vocal signalling across species, predict that such alterations should appear globally. Here, we show acoustic differences between infant-directed and adult-directed vocalizations across cultures. We collected 1,615 recordings of infant- and adult-directed speech and song produced by 410 people in 21 urban, rural and small-scale societies. Infant-directedness was reliably classified from acoustic features only, with acoustic profiles of infant-directedness differing across language and music but in consistent fashions. We then studied listener sensitivity to these acoustic features. We played the recordings to 51,065 people from 187 countries, recruited via an English-language website, who guessed whether each vocalization was infant-directed. Their intuitions were more accurate than chance, predictable in part by common sets of acoustic features and robust to the effects of linguistic relatedness between vocalizer and listener. These findings inform hypotheses of the psychological functions and evolution of human communication.
Published: 2022

33. How musicality changes moral consideration: People judge musical entities as more wrong to harm

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Rottman, Joshua, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Rottman, Joshua, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: A growing literature shows that music increases prosocial behavior. Why does this occur? We propose a novel hypothesis, informed by moral psychology: evidence of others’ musicality may promote prosociality by leading us to judge musical individuals as having enhanced moral standing. This effect may be largely indirect, by increasing perceptions of how intelligent and emotionally sensitive musical individuals are. If so, simply knowing about others’ musicality should affect moral evaluations, such as wrongness to harm. Across four experiments (total N = 550), we found supportive evidence. Information that an animal or person had the capacity and motivation to engage with music led participants to judge these entities as more wrong to harm than matched neutral or non-musical counterparts. Similarly, knowing that a person was not musical made people judge them as less wrong to harm than neutral or musical counterparts. As predicted, musicality was positively associated with perceptions of capacities for emotionality and intelligence, and these broader factors partially mediated the relationship between musicality and wrongness to harm. These effects were not influenced by participants’ own musicality. Thus, non-moral attributes like musicality can impact moral consideration, carrying implications for social behavior and for interventions to promote prosociality.
Published: 2022

34. Interpersonal Utility and Children's Social Inferences from Imitation

Author: Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, Schachner, Adena, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, and Schachner, Adena
Published: 2022

35. Designing and detecting lies by reasoning about other agents.

Author: Oey, Lauren A, Oey, Lauren A, Schachner, Adena, Vul, Edward, Oey, Lauren A, Oey, Lauren A, Schachner, Adena, and Vul, Edward
Abstract: How do people detect lies from the content of messages, and design lies that go undetected? Lying requires strategic reasoning about how others think and respond. We propose a unified framework underlying lie design and detection, formalized as recursive social reasoning. Senders design lies by inferring the likelihood the receiver detects potential lies; receivers detect lies by inferring if and how the sender would lie. Under this framework, we can predict the rate and content of lies people produce, and which lies are detected. In Experiment 1, we show that people calibrate the extremeness of their lies and what lies they detect to beliefs about goals and the statistics of the world. In Experiment 2, we present stronger diagnostic evidence for the function of social reasoning in lying: people cater their lies to their audience, even when their audience's beliefs differ from their own. We conclude that recursive and rational social reasoning is a key cognitive process underlying how people communicate in adversarial settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2022

36. Triadic conflict 'primitives' can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios.

Author: Qi, Wenhao, Qi, Wenhao, Vul, Edward, Schachner, Adena, Powell, Lindsey J, Qi, Wenhao, Qi, Wenhao, Vul, Edward, Schachner, Adena, and Powell, Lindsey J
Abstract: Pietraszewski proposes four triadic "primitives" for representing social groups. We argue that, despite surface differences, these triads can all be reduced to similar underlying welfare trade-off ratios, which are a better candidate for social group primitives. Welfare trade-off ratios also have limitations, however, and we suggest there are multiple computational strategies by which people recognize and reason about social groups.
Published: 2022

37. Type IIB at eight derivatives: insights from Superstrings, Superfields and Superparticles

Author: Liu, James T., Minasian, Ruben, Savelli, Raffaele, Schachner, Andreas, Liu, James T., Minasian, Ruben, Savelli, Raffaele, and Schachner, Andreas
Abstract: We study the non-linear structure of Type IIB eight-derivative couplings involving the metric and the complexified three-form $G_3$. We show that, at the level of five-point string amplitudes, the kinematics in the maximally R-symmetry-violating sector is fully matched by standard superspace integrals and by superparticle amplitudes in M-theory on a two-torus. The latter approach is used to determine the complete effective action in this sector and to verify its invariance under SL$(2,\mathbb{Z})$ duality. We further comment on the general structure of the higher-point kinematics. Compactifications to lower dimensions provide both tests for our results and the arena for their applications. We verify that K3 reductions are fully consistent with the constraints of six-dimensional supersymmetry, and derive the four-dimensional flux scalar potential and axion kinetic terms at order $(\alpha^{\prime})^{3}$ in Calabi-Yau threefold reductions., Comment: 34 pages plus appendices
Published: 2022
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38. Bio-Schweinefleischkonsum als bewusste Verbraucherentscheidung innerhalb der Generation Y

Author: Schachner, Verena and Schachner, Verena
Abstract: Wir befinden uns mitten in einer Klimakrise, die durch intensive Fleischproduktion befeuert wird. Die Auswirkungen davon sind für uns Menschen und unsere Umwelt bereits jetzt spürbar, was eine Notwendigkeit nachhaltigen Fleischkonsums bedingt. Völliger Verzicht auf Fleisch ist für viele KonsumentInnen keine Lösung. Eine Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich weniger Fleischkonsum und eine Fokussierung auf biologisches Fleisch wird anhand der vorliegenden Arbeit diskutiert. Dabei steht das biologische Schweinefleisch im Vordergrund, da Schweinefleisch in Österreich am häufigsten verzehrt wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden die Kaufmotive sowie die Werbewirkung von Bildern für biologisches Schweinefleisch erforscht. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein quantitative, strukturierte Online-Umfrage, anhand einer Stichprobengröße von 385 ProbandInnen, durchgeführt. Dazu wurde die Generation Y befragt, da diese sehr kritisch und hinterfragend agiert. Im Rahmen dieser Umfrage wurden die Kaufmotive für biologisches Schweinefleisch und Werbebilder für biologisches Schweinefleisch hinsichtlich Erhöhung der Kaufbereitschaft, weitestgehend mittels 7-stufiger Intervallskala, untersucht. Die dabei gewonnenen Daten wurden statistisch ausgewertet.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass KonsumentInnen der Generation Y biologisches Schweinefleisch kaufen, um die Lebensqualität der Schweine und das Tierwohl zu erhöhen. Die höhere Qualität des Fleisches spielt dabei auch eine wichtige Rolle. Die Generation Y ist bereit, den Fleischkonsum zu reduzieren und für qualitativ hochwertigeres Schweinefleisch mehr zu bezahlen. Hinsichtlich der Werbewirkung in Bezug auf die Kaufbereitschaft wurden Bilder von Schweinefrischfleisch mit und ohne EU-Bio-Logo, zubereitetem Schweinefleisch mit und ohne EU-Bio-Logo, Schweine auf einer Blumenwiese und Schweine in einem Stall gezeigt und untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass eine Abbildung des EU-Bio-Logos auf den Bildern eine Erhöhung der Kaufbereitschaft für biologisches Schweinefleisch herv
Published: 2022

39. People think of others as more prosocial when they are motivated by aesthetic goals vs. instrumental goals

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: People expect others to take efficient paths toward goals. Inefficiency changes how we categorize actions, leading us to see actions as play (Chu & Schulz, 2020), or as movements performed for their own intrinsic value (Schachner & Carey, 2013). Here we find that performing actions for their own value (e.g., aesthetic value), versus for instrumental purposes, provides social information about others. In a pre-registered experiment (N=360), participants judged which character in a pair was more compassionate, or more selfish/manipulative. For one key pair (among distractors), both characters performed the same activity (music, painting, eating, exercising, math, being in nature), and we manipulated why: Either for its own aesthetic value, or as a means-to-an-end (instrumental value). Across all activities, aesthetically-motivated characters were judged as more compassionate and less selfish/manipulative than instrumentally-motivated characters (p’s<0.01). Aesthetically-motivated behavior may signal others’ emotionality moreso than instrumentally-motivated activities, driving inferences about prosociality.
Published: 2022

40. Volcanic climate forcing, extreme cold and the Neolithic Transition in the northern US Southwest

Author: Sinensky, RJ, Sinensky, RJ, Schachner, Gregson, Wilshusen, Richard H, Damiata, Brian N, Sinensky, RJ, Sinensky, RJ, Schachner, Gregson, Wilshusen, Richard H, and Damiata, Brian N
Abstract: The impacts on global climate of the AD 536 and 541 volcanic eruptions are well attested in palaeoclimatic datasets and in Eurasian historical records. Their effects on farmers in the arid uplands of western North America, however, remain poorly understood. The authors investigate whether extreme cold caused by these eruptions influenced the scale, scope and timing of the Neolithic Transition in the northern US Southwest. Archaeological tree-ring and radiocarbon dates, along with settlement survey data, suggest that extreme cooling generated the physical and social space that enabled early farmers to transition from kin-focused socio-economic strategies to increasingly complex and widely shared forms of social organisation that served as foundational elements of burgeoning Ancestral Pueblo societies.
Published: 2022

41. Acoustic regularities in infant-directed speech and song across cultures.

Author: Hilton, Courtney B, Hilton, Courtney B, Moser, Cody J, Bertolo, Mila, Lee-Rubin, Harry, Amir, Dorsa, Bainbridge, Constance M, Simson, Jan, Knox, Dean, Glowacki, Luke, Alemu, Elias, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Jasienska, Grazyna, Ross, Cody T, Neff, Mary Beth, Martin, Alia, Cirelli, Laura K, Trehub, Sandra E, Song, Jinqi, Kim, Minju, Schachner, Adena, Vardy, Tom A, Atkinson, Quentin D, Salenius, Amanda, Andelin, Jannik, Antfolk, Jan, Madhivanan, Purnima, Siddaiah, Anand, Placek, Caitlyn D, Salali, Gul Deniz, Keestra, Sarai, Singh, Manvir, Collins, Scott A, Patton, John Q, Scaff, Camila, Stieglitz, Jonathan, Cutipa, Silvia Ccari, Moya, Cristina, Sagar, Rohan R, Anyawire, Mariamu, Mabulla, Audax, Wood, Brian M, Krasnow, Max M, Mehr, Samuel A, Hilton, Courtney B, Hilton, Courtney B, Moser, Cody J, Bertolo, Mila, Lee-Rubin, Harry, Amir, Dorsa, Bainbridge, Constance M, Simson, Jan, Knox, Dean, Glowacki, Luke, Alemu, Elias, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Jasienska, Grazyna, Ross, Cody T, Neff, Mary Beth, Martin, Alia, Cirelli, Laura K, Trehub, Sandra E, Song, Jinqi, Kim, Minju, Schachner, Adena, Vardy, Tom A, Atkinson, Quentin D, Salenius, Amanda, Andelin, Jannik, Antfolk, Jan, Madhivanan, Purnima, Siddaiah, Anand, Placek, Caitlyn D, Salali, Gul Deniz, Keestra, Sarai, Singh, Manvir, Collins, Scott A, Patton, John Q, Scaff, Camila, Stieglitz, Jonathan, Cutipa, Silvia Ccari, Moya, Cristina, Sagar, Rohan R, Anyawire, Mariamu, Mabulla, Audax, Wood, Brian M, Krasnow, Max M, and Mehr, Samuel A
Abstract: When interacting with infants, humans often alter their speech and song in ways thought to support communication. Theories of human child-rearing, informed by data on vocal signalling across species, predict that such alterations should appear globally. Here, we show acoustic differences between infant-directed and adult-directed vocalizations across cultures. We collected 1,615 recordings of infant- and adult-directed speech and song produced by 410 people in 21 urban, rural and small-scale societies. Infant-directedness was reliably classified from acoustic features only, with acoustic profiles of infant-directedness differing across language and music but in consistent fashions. We then studied listener sensitivity to these acoustic features. We played the recordings to 51,065 people from 187 countries, recruited via an English-language website, who guessed whether each vocalization was infant-directed. Their intuitions were more accurate than chance, predictable in part by common sets of acoustic features and robust to the effects of linguistic relatedness between vocalizer and listener. These findings inform hypotheses of the psychological functions and evolution of human communication.
Published: 2022

42. Interpersonal Utility and Children's Social Inferences from Imitation

Author: Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, Schachner, Adena, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Pesowski, Madison Leigh, Powell, Lindsey J, Cikara, Mina, and Schachner, Adena
Published: 2022

43. Designing and detecting lies by reasoning about other agents.

Author: Oey, Lauren A, Oey, Lauren A, Schachner, Adena, Vul, Edward, Oey, Lauren A, Oey, Lauren A, Schachner, Adena, and Vul, Edward
Abstract: How do people detect lies from the content of messages, and design lies that go undetected? Lying requires strategic reasoning about how others think and respond. We propose a unified framework underlying lie design and detection, formalized as recursive social reasoning. Senders design lies by inferring the likelihood the receiver detects potential lies; receivers detect lies by inferring if and how the sender would lie. Under this framework, we can predict the rate and content of lies people produce, and which lies are detected. In Experiment 1, we show that people calibrate the extremeness of their lies and what lies they detect to beliefs about goals and the statistics of the world. In Experiment 2, we present stronger diagnostic evidence for the function of social reasoning in lying: people cater their lies to their audience, even when their audience's beliefs differ from their own. We conclude that recursive and rational social reasoning is a key cognitive process underlying how people communicate in adversarial settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2022

44. The origins of dance: Characterizing the development of infants' earliest dance behavior.

Author: Kim, Minju, Kim, Minju, Schachner, Adena, Kim, Minju, Kim, Minju, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: Dance is a universal human behavior and a crucial component of human musicality. When and how does the motivation and tendency to move to music develop? How does this behavior change as a process of maturation and learning? We characterize infants' earliest dance behavior, leveraging parents' extensive at-home observations of their children. Parents of infants aged 0-24 months (N = 278, 82.7% White, 84.5% in the United States, 46.0% of household incomes ≥ $100,000) were surveyed regarding their child's current and earliest dance behavior (movement by the child, during music, that the parent considered dance), motor development, and their own infant-directed dance. We found that dance begins early: 90% of infants produced recognizable dance by 12.8 months, and the age of onset was not solely a function of motor development. Infants who produced dance did so often, on average almost every day. We also found that dance shows qualitative developmental change over the first 2 years, rather than remaining stable. With motor development, age, and more time dancing, infants used a greater variety of movements in dance, and began to incorporate learned, imitated gestures (80% of infants by 17.9 months). 99.8% of parents reported dancing for or with their infants, raising questions about the role of infant-directed dance. These findings provide evidence that the motivation and tendency to move to music appears extremely early and that both learning and maturation lead to qualitative change in dance behavior during the first 2 years, informing broad questions about the origins of human musicality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2022

45. Hearing water temperature: Characterizing the development of nuanced perception of sound sources.

Author: Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, Schachner, Adena, Agrawal, Tanushree, Agrawal, Tanushree, and Schachner, Adena
Abstract: Without conscious thought, listeners link events in the world to sounds they hear. We study one surprising example: Adults can judge the temperature of water simply from hearing it being poured. We test the development of the ability to hear water temperature, with the goal of informing developmental theories regarding the origins and cognitive bases of nuanced sound source judgments. We first confirmed that adults accurately distinguished the sounds of hot and cold water (pre-registered Experiments. 1, 2; total N = 384), even though many were unaware or uncertain of this ability. By contrast, children showed protracted development of this skill over the course of middle childhood (Experiments. 2, 3; total N = 178). In spite of accurately identifying other sounds and hot/cold images, older children (7-11 years) but not younger children (3-6 years) reliably distinguished the sounds of hot and cold water. Accuracy increased with age; 11-year old's performance was similar to adults. Adults also showed individual differences in accuracy that were predicted by their amount of prior relevant experience (Experiment 1). Experience may similarly play a role in children's performance; differences in auditory sensitivity and multimodal integration may also contribute to young children's failures. The ability to hear water temperature develops slowly over childhood, such that nuanced auditory information that is easily and quickly accessible to adults is not available to guide young children's behavior. HIGHLIGHTS: Adults can make nuanced judgments from sound, including accurately judging the temperature of water from the sound of it being poured. Children showed protracted development of this skill over the course of middle childhood, such that 7-11-year-olds reliably succeeded while 3-6-year-olds performed at chance. Developmental changes may be due to experience (adults with greater relevant experience showed higher accuracy) and the development of multim
Published: 2022

46. Meaningful movements in early childhood: The cognitive and developmental bases of dance, gesture, and musical actions

Author: Kim, Min Ju, Schachner, Adena1, Kim, Min Ju, Kim, Min Ju, Schachner, Adena1, and Kim, Min Ju
Abstract: From the first year of life, children represent others’ actions as goal-directed, and can reason about the causes and motivations behind others’ observable movements. While the majority of developmental literature has focused on early instrumental goals (e.g., interacting with objects), less attention has been devoted to characterizing children’s production and reasoning about non-instrumental movements and non-object-directed goals. However, these kinds of actions have the potential to play a large role in young children’s lives in the form of everyday movements such as dance and gesture. In this dissertation, I explore the extent to which children readily produce and comprehend meaningful movements with a rich spectrum of abstract goals. Specifically, I focus on dance-like movement to music, movements that produce musical sounds, and communicative movements that accompany speech (gestures). In Chapter 1, I ask whether infants readily demonstrate dance-like movement to music at home and whether early development of these behaviors has been underestimated by in-lab studies. I show that children produce dance-like behavior earlier than previously believed, and that infant dance shows developmental change with both maturation and learning. I argue that children’s dance behavior provides a window into early social, cognitive, and motor development. In Chapter 2, I explore children’s reasoning about movements that produce musical sounds. I present evidence that from childhood (6 years of age) onward, rational causal inference plays a role in linking music with agents and movements. I also find evidence of developmental change, such that preschool age children may not engage in causal reasoning about music as older children do. In Chapter 3, I shift to explore the relationship between movement and analogical reasoning. Through both correlational and experimental methods observing children’s gesture production, I suggest that children’s spontaneous gestures provide a wind
Published: 2022

47. Triadic conflict 'primitives' can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios.

Author: Qi, Wenhao, Qi, Wenhao, Vul, Edward, Schachner, Adena, Powell, Lindsey J, Qi, Wenhao, Qi, Wenhao, Vul, Edward, Schachner, Adena, and Powell, Lindsey J
Abstract: Pietraszewski proposes four triadic "primitives" for representing social groups. We argue that, despite surface differences, these triads can all be reduced to similar underlying welfare trade-off ratios, which are a better candidate for social group primitives. Welfare trade-off ratios also have limitations, however, and we suggest there are multiple computational strategies by which people recognize and reason about social groups.
Published: 2022

48. Conditions for cultural belonging among youth of immigrant descent in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom: Comparative analysis of intergroup experiences and classroom contexts

Author: Veerman, G.J.M., Heizmann, B., Schachner, M.K., Veerman, G.J.M., Heizmann, B., and Schachner, M.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 284034.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Intergroup contexts of classrooms have an influence on mainstream and ethnic belonging of youth of immigrant descent. Based on the normative reference group theory, a higher level of ethic identification is expected in classrooms with a higher proportion of co-ethnic youth and, based on constrict theory, a lower level of mainstream identification is expected in ethnically more diverse classrooms. However, these relations between ethnic composition and cultural belonging may differ between countries due to differences in multicultural policies and colonial histories. Using two waves of data from CILS4EU survey, we conduct a cross-national comparison of the relation between intergroup contexts of classrooms and cultural belonging. The results imply that both theories cannot be generalized across national contexts, and other factors vary as well across countries. Therefore, research and policy in this area should pay more attention to the national context in terms of policies and histories.
Published: 2022

49. Conditions for cultural belonging among youth of immigrant descent in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom: Comparative analysis of intergroup experiences and classroom contexts

Author: Veerman, G.J.M., Heizmann, B., Schachner, M.K., Veerman, G.J.M., Heizmann, B., and Schachner, M.K.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 284034.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Intergroup contexts of classrooms have an influence on mainstream and ethnic belonging of youth of immigrant descent. Based on the normative reference group theory, a higher level of ethic identification is expected in classrooms with a higher proportion of co-ethnic youth and, based on constrict theory, a lower level of mainstream identification is expected in ethnically more diverse classrooms. However, these relations between ethnic composition and cultural belonging may differ between countries due to differences in multicultural policies and colonial histories. Using two waves of data from CILS4EU survey, we conduct a cross-national comparison of the relation between intergroup contexts of classrooms and cultural belonging. The results imply that both theories cannot be generalized across national contexts, and other factors vary as well across countries. Therefore, research and policy in this area should pay more attention to the national context in terms of policies and histories.
Published: 2022

50. Teachers’ acculturation in culturally diverse schools - How is the perceived diversity climate linked to intercultural self-efficacy?

Author: Leerstoel Lubbers, Migration, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Relation, Ulbrich, Jolina, Schachner, Maja, Civitillo, Sauro, Noack, Peter, Leerstoel Lubbers, Migration, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Relation, Ulbrich, Jolina, Schachner, Maja, Civitillo, Sauro, and Noack, Peter
Published: 2022

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