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1. Latest experimental and theoretical advances in the production of negative ions in caesium-free plasmas

Author

Taccogna, F., Bechu, S., Aanesland, A., Agostinetti, P., Agnello, R., Aleiferis, S., Angot, T., Antoni, V, Bacal, M., Barbisan, M., Bentounes, J., Bes, A., Capitelli, M., Cartry, G., Cavenago, M., Celiberto, R., Chitarin, G., Delogu, R., De Lorenzi, A., Esposito, F., Fadone, M., Ferron, N., Fubiani, G., Furno, I, Gavilan, L., Guittienne, P., Howling, A., Jacquier, R., Laricchiuta, A., Layet, J. M., Lemaire, J. L., Longo, S., Maurice, B., Minelli, P., Minissale, M., Mitrou, M., Moussaoui, R., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rafalskyi, D., Salomon, E., Sartori, E., Sasao, M., Serianni, G., Spada, E., Suweis, S., Svarnas, P., Tahri, L., Ugoletti, M., Variale, V., Veltri, P., Taccogna, F., Bechu, S., Aanesland, A., Agostinetti, P., Agnello, R., Aleiferis, S., Angot, T., Antoni, V, Bacal, M., Barbisan, M., Bentounes, J., Bes, A., Capitelli, M., Cartry, G., Cavenago, M., Celiberto, R., Chitarin, G., Delogu, R., De Lorenzi, A., Esposito, F., Fadone, M., Ferron, N., Fubiani, G., Furno, I, Gavilan, L., Guittienne, P., Howling, A., Jacquier, R., Laricchiuta, A., Layet, J. M., Lemaire, J. L., Longo, S., Maurice, B., Minelli, P., Minissale, M., Mitrou, M., Moussaoui, R., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rafalskyi, D., Salomon, E., Sartori, E., Sasao, M., Serianni, G., Spada, E., Suweis, S., Svarnas, P., Tahri, L., Ugoletti, M., Variale, V., and Veltri, P.

Abstract

This topical review gathers the last updates concerning caesium-free negative ion sources presented during the 63rd Course of the International school of Quantum Electronics of the Ettore Majorana Foundation and European collaborative works related to these lectures. Hence, beyond the frame of this course this topical review addresses both theoretical and experimental work performed during these last few years and complexities represented by the conception of a negative ion source ranging from the creation of negative ions to their neutralization.

Published
2021
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2. Latest experimental and theoretical advances in the production of negative ions in caesium-free plasmas

Author

Taccogna, F., Bechu, S., Aanesland, A., Agostinetti, P., Agnello, R., Aleiferis, S., Angot, T., Antoni, V, Bacal, M., Barbisan, M., Bentounes, J., Bes, A., Capitelli, M., Cartry, G., Cavenago, M., Celiberto, R., Chitarin, G., Delogu, R., De Lorenzi, A., Esposito, F., Fadone, M., Ferron, N., Fubiani, G., Furno, I, Gavilan, L., Guittienne, P., Howling, A., Jacquier, R., Laricchiuta, A., Layet, J. M., Lemaire, J. L., Longo, S., Maurice, B., Minelli, P., Minissale, M., Mitrou, M., Moussaoui, R., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rafalskyi, D., Salomon, E., Sartori, E., Sasao, M., Serianni, G., Spada, E., Suweis, S., Svarnas, P., Tahri, L., Ugoletti, M., Variale, V., Veltri, P., Taccogna, F., Bechu, S., Aanesland, A., Agostinetti, P., Agnello, R., Aleiferis, S., Angot, T., Antoni, V, Bacal, M., Barbisan, M., Bentounes, J., Bes, A., Capitelli, M., Cartry, G., Cavenago, M., Celiberto, R., Chitarin, G., Delogu, R., De Lorenzi, A., Esposito, F., Fadone, M., Ferron, N., Fubiani, G., Furno, I, Gavilan, L., Guittienne, P., Howling, A., Jacquier, R., Laricchiuta, A., Layet, J. M., Lemaire, J. L., Longo, S., Maurice, B., Minelli, P., Minissale, M., Mitrou, M., Moussaoui, R., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rafalskyi, D., Salomon, E., Sartori, E., Sasao, M., Serianni, G., Spada, E., Suweis, S., Svarnas, P., Tahri, L., Ugoletti, M., Variale, V., and Veltri, P.

Abstract

This topical review gathers the last updates concerning caesium-free negative ion sources presented during the 63rd Course of the International school of Quantum Electronics of the Ettore Majorana Foundation and European collaborative works related to these lectures. Hence, beyond the frame of this course this topical review addresses both theoretical and experimental work performed during these last few years and complexities represented by the conception of a negative ion source ranging from the creation of negative ions to their neutralization.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Diagnostics

Author

Donné, A.J.H., Costley, A.E., Barnsley, R., Bindslev, Henrik, Boivin, R., Conway, G., Fisher, R., Giannella, R., Hartfuss, H., Hellermann, M.G. von, Hodgson, E., Ingesson, L.C., Itami, K., Johnson, D., Kawano, Y., Kondoh, T., Krasilnikov, A., Kusama, Y., Litnovsky, A., Lotte, P., Nielsen, P., Nishitani, T., Orsitto, F., Peterson, B.J., Razdobarin, G., Sanchez, J., Sasao, M., Sugie, T., Vayakis, G., Voitsenya, V., Vukolov, K., Walker, C., Young, K., Donné, A.J.H., Costley, A.E., Barnsley, R., Bindslev, Henrik, Boivin, R., Conway, G., Fisher, R., Giannella, R., Hartfuss, H., Hellermann, M.G. von, Hodgson, E., Ingesson, L.C., Itami, K., Johnson, D., Kawano, Y., Kondoh, T., Krasilnikov, A., Kusama, Y., Litnovsky, A., Lotte, P., Nielsen, P., Nishitani, T., Orsitto, F., Peterson, B.J., Razdobarin, G., Sanchez, J., Sasao, M., Sugie, T., Vayakis, G., Voitsenya, V., Vukolov, K., Walker, C., and Young, K.

Abstract

In order to support the operation of ITER and the planned experimental programme an extensive set of plasma and first wall measurements will be required. The number and type of required measurements will be similar to those made on the present-day large tokamaks while the specification of the measurements—time and spatial resolutions, etc—will in some cases be more stringent. Many of the measurements will be used in the real time control of the plasma driving a requirement for very high reliability in the systems (diagnostics) that provide the measurements. The implementation of diagnostic systems on ITER is a substantial challenge. Because of the harsh environment (high levels of neutron and gamma fluxes, neutron heating, particle bombardment) diagnostic system selection and design has to cope with a range of phenomena not previously encountered in diagnostic design. Extensive design and R&D is needed to prepare the systems. In some cases the environmental difficulties are so severe that new diagnostic techniques are required. The starting point in the development of diagnostics for ITER is to define the measurement requirements and develop their justification. It is necessary to include all the plasma parameters needed to support the basic and advanced operation (including active control) of the device, machine protection and also those needed to support the physics programme. Once the requirements are defined, the appropriate (combination of) diagnostic techniques can be selected and their implementation onto the tokamak can be developed. The selected list of diagnostics is an important guideline for identifying dedicated research and development needs in the area of ITER diagnostics. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the field of ITER diagnostics with emphasis on the implementation issues. After a discussion of the measurement requirements for plasma parameters in ITER and their justifications, recent

Published
2007

4. Diagnostics

Author

Donné, A.J.H., Costley, A.E., Barnsley, R., Bindslev, Henrik, Boivin, R., Conway, G., Fisher, R., Giannella, R., Hartfuss, H., Hellermann, M.G. von, Hodgson, E., Ingesson, L.C., Itami, K., Johnson, D., Kawano, Y., Kondoh, T., Krasilnikov, A., Kusama, Y., Litnovsky, A., Lotte, P., Nielsen, P., Nishitani, T., Orsitto, F., Peterson, B.J., Razdobarin, G., Sanchez, J., Sasao, M., Sugie, T., Vayakis, G., Voitsenya, V., Vukolov, K., Walker, C., Young, K., Donné, A.J.H., Costley, A.E., Barnsley, R., Bindslev, Henrik, Boivin, R., Conway, G., Fisher, R., Giannella, R., Hartfuss, H., Hellermann, M.G. von, Hodgson, E., Ingesson, L.C., Itami, K., Johnson, D., Kawano, Y., Kondoh, T., Krasilnikov, A., Kusama, Y., Litnovsky, A., Lotte, P., Nielsen, P., Nishitani, T., Orsitto, F., Peterson, B.J., Razdobarin, G., Sanchez, J., Sasao, M., Sugie, T., Vayakis, G., Voitsenya, V., Vukolov, K., Walker, C., and Young, K.

Abstract

In order to support the operation of ITER and the planned experimental programme an extensive set of plasma and first wall measurements will be required. The number and type of required measurements will be similar to those made on the present-day large tokamaks while the specification of the measurements—time and spatial resolutions, etc—will in some cases be more stringent. Many of the measurements will be used in the real time control of the plasma driving a requirement for very high reliability in the systems (diagnostics) that provide the measurements. The implementation of diagnostic systems on ITER is a substantial challenge. Because of the harsh environment (high levels of neutron and gamma fluxes, neutron heating, particle bombardment) diagnostic system selection and design has to cope with a range of phenomena not previously encountered in diagnostic design. Extensive design and R&D is needed to prepare the systems. In some cases the environmental difficulties are so severe that new diagnostic techniques are required. The starting point in the development of diagnostics for ITER is to define the measurement requirements and develop their justification. It is necessary to include all the plasma parameters needed to support the basic and advanced operation (including active control) of the device, machine protection and also those needed to support the physics programme. Once the requirements are defined, the appropriate (combination of) diagnostic techniques can be selected and their implementation onto the tokamak can be developed. The selected list of diagnostics is an important guideline for identifying dedicated research and development needs in the area of ITER diagnostics. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the field of ITER diagnostics with emphasis on the implementation issues. After a discussion of the measurement requirements for plasma parameters in ITER and their justifications, recent

Published
2007

5. Overview of Neutron and confined/escaping alpha diagnostics planned for ITER

Author

Sasao, M, Sasao, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Kaschuck, YA, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Kallne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, L, Heidbrink, WW, Donne, AJH, Costley, AE, Walker, C, Sasao, M, Sasao, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Kaschuck, YA, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Kallne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, L, Heidbrink, WW, Donne, AJH, Costley, AE, and Walker, C

Abstract

Fusion product measurements planned for ITER are reviewed from the viewpoint of alpha particle-related physics studies. Recent advances in fusion plasma physics have extended the desirable measurement requirements to the megahertz region for neutron emission rate, better resolution of neutron profiles for the study of internal transport barriers (ITBs), etc. Employing threshold counters and/or scintillation detectors confers megahertz capability on neutron emission rate measurement. The changes in the neutron/alpha particle birth profile due to the formation of ITB and its deviation from uniformity on the magnetic flux surface can be measured by addition of eight viewing chords in an equatorial port plug and seven viewing chords from the divertor to the original radial neutron camera. On the other hand, it is still difficult to measure the distributions of confined and escaping alpha particles. Several proposals to resolve these difficulties are currently under investigation.

Published
2004

6. Overview of Neutron and confined/escaping alpha diagnostics planned for ITER

Author

Sasao, M, Sasao, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Kaschuck, YA, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Kallne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, L, Heidbrink, WW, Donne, AJH, Costley, AE, Walker, C, Sasao, M, Sasao, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Kaschuck, YA, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Kallne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, L, Heidbrink, WW, Donne, AJH, Costley, AE, and Walker, C

Abstract

Fusion product measurements planned for ITER are reviewed from the viewpoint of alpha particle-related physics studies. Recent advances in fusion plasma physics have extended the desirable measurement requirements to the megahertz region for neutron emission rate, better resolution of neutron profiles for the study of internal transport barriers (ITBs), etc. Employing threshold counters and/or scintillation detectors confers megahertz capability on neutron emission rate measurement. The changes in the neutron/alpha particle birth profile due to the formation of ITB and its deviation from uniformity on the magnetic flux surface can be measured by addition of eight viewing chords in an equatorial port plug and seven viewing chords from the divertor to the original radial neutron camera. On the other hand, it is still difficult to measure the distributions of confined and escaping alpha particles. Several proposals to resolve these difficulties are currently under investigation.

Published
2004

7. FAST-ION CONFINEMENT STUDIES ON LHD

Author

Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Murakami, S., Kobayashi, S., Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Mutoh, T., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Veshchev, E., Seki, T., Takeiri, Y., Kaneko, O., Nagaoka, K., Tokuzawa, T., Ogawa, K., Toi, K., Yamamoto, S., Sasao, M., Watanabe, T., Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Murakami, S., Kobayashi, S., Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Mutoh, T., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Veshchev, E., Seki, T., Takeiri, Y., Kaneko, O., Nagaoka, K., Tokuzawa, T., Ogawa, K., Toi, K., Yamamoto, S., Sasao, M., and Watanabe, T.

Published
2010

8. ICRF HEATING AND ION TAIL FORMATION IN LHD

Author

Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Kasahara, H., Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Shimpo, F., Nomura, G., Watari, T., Murakami, S., Sasao, M., Mutoh, T., Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Kasahara, H., Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Shimpo, F., Nomura, G., Watari, T., Murakami, S., Sasao, M., and Mutoh, T.

Published
2010

9. FAST-PARTICLE DIAGNOSTICS ON LHD

Author

Isobe, M., Osakabe, M., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Goncharov, P. V., Veshchev, E., Ogawa, K., Nagaoka, K., Saito, K., Murakami, S., Saida, T., Sasao, M., Toi, K., Isobe, M., Osakabe, M., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Goncharov, P. V., Veshchev, E., Ogawa, K., Nagaoka, K., Saito, K., Murakami, S., Saida, T., Sasao, M., and Toi, K.

Published
2010

10. ICRF HEATING AND ION TAIL FORMATION IN LHD

Author

40249967, Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Kasahara, H., Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Shimpo, F., Nomura, G., Watari, T., Murakami, S., Sasao, M., Mutoh, T., 40249967, Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Kasahara, H., Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Shimpo, F., Nomura, G., Watari, T., Murakami, S., Sasao, M., and Mutoh, T.

Published
2010

11. FAST-PARTICLE DIAGNOSTICS ON LHD

Author

40249967, Isobe, M., Osakabe, M., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Goncharov, P. V., Veshchev, E., Ogawa, K., Nagaoka, K., Saito, K., Murakami, S., Saida, T., Sasao, M., Toi, K., 40249967, Isobe, M., Osakabe, M., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Goncharov, P. V., Veshchev, E., Ogawa, K., Nagaoka, K., Saito, K., Murakami, S., Saida, T., Sasao, M., and Toi, K.

Published
2010

12. FAST-ION CONFINEMENT STUDIES ON LHD

Author

40249967, 70397529, Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Murakami, S., Kobayashi, S., Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Mutoh, T., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Veshchev, E., Seki, T., Takeiri, Y., Kaneko, O., Nagaoka, K., Tokuzawa, T., Ogawa, K., Toi, K., Yamamoto, S., Sasao, M., Watanabe, T., 40249967, 70397529, Osakabe, M., Isobe, M., Murakami, S., Kobayashi, S., Saito, K., Kumazawa, R., Mutoh, T., Ozaki, T., Nishiura, M., Veshchev, E., Seki, T., Takeiri, Y., Kaneko, O., Nagaoka, K., Tokuzawa, T., Ogawa, K., Toi, K., Yamamoto, S., Sasao, M., and Watanabe, T.

Published
2010

13. Development of net-current free heliotron plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Author

Komori, A., Yamada, H., Sakakibara, S., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Mutoh, T., Ohyabu, N., Imagawa, S., Ida, K., Nagayama, Y., Shimozuma, T., Watanabe, K. Y., Mito, T., Kobayashi, M., Nagaoka, K., Sakamoto, R., Yoshida, N., Ohdachi, S., Ashikawa, N., Feng, Y., Fukuda, T., Igami, H., Inagaki, S., Kasahara, H., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Mitarai, O., Murakami, S., Nakamura, Yuji, Nishiura, M., Hino, T., Masuzaki, S., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Weller, A., Yoshinuma, M., Narushima, Y., Ohno, N., Okamura, T., Tamura, N., Saito, K., Seki, T., Sudo, S., Tanaka, H., Tokuzawa, T., Yanagi, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Akiyama, T., Chikaraishi, H., Chowdhuri, M., Emoto, M., Ezumi, N., Funaba, H., Garcia, L., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ichiguchi, K., Ichimura, M., Idei, H., Ido, T., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Irie, M., Isayama, A., Ishigooka, T., Isobe, M., Ito, T., Itoh, K., Iwamae, A., Hamaguchi, S., Hamajima, T., Kitajima, S., Kado, S., Kato, D., Kato, T., Kobayashi, S., Kondo, K., Masamune, S., Matsumoto, Y., Matsunami, N., Minami, T., Michael, C., Miura, H., Miyazawa, J., Mizuguchi, N., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Motojima, G., Murakami, I., Muto, S., Nagasaki, K., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Nakano, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, A., Nishimura, H., Nishimura, K., Nishimura, S., Nishino, N., Notake, T., Obana, T., Ogawa, K., Oka, Y., Ohishi, T., Okada, H., Okuno, K., Ono, K., Osakabe, M., Osako, T., Ozaki, T., Peterson, B. J., Sakaue, H., Sasao, M., Satake, S., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimizu, A., Shiratani, M., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Takahata, K., Takahashi, H., Takase, Y., Takeiri, Y., Takenaga, H., Toda, S., Todo, Y., Tokitani, M., Tsuchiya, H., Tsumori, K., Urano, H., Veshchev, E., Watanabe, F., Watanabe, T., Watanabe, T. H., Yamada, I., Yamada, S., Yamagishi, O., Yamaguchi, S., Yoshimura, S., Yoshinaga, T., Motojima, O., Komori, A., Yamada, H., Sakakibara, S., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Mutoh, T., Ohyabu, N., Imagawa, S., Ida, K., Nagayama, Y., Shimozuma, T., Watanabe, K. Y., Mito, T., Kobayashi, M., Nagaoka, K., Sakamoto, R., Yoshida, N., Ohdachi, S., Ashikawa, N., Feng, Y., Fukuda, T., Igami, H., Inagaki, S., Kasahara, H., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Mitarai, O., Murakami, S., Nakamura, Yuji, Nishiura, M., Hino, T., Masuzaki, S., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Weller, A., Yoshinuma, M., Narushima, Y., Ohno, N., Okamura, T., Tamura, N., Saito, K., Seki, T., Sudo, S., Tanaka, H., Tokuzawa, T., Yanagi, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Akiyama, T., Chikaraishi, H., Chowdhuri, M., Emoto, M., Ezumi, N., Funaba, H., Garcia, L., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ichiguchi, K., Ichimura, M., Idei, H., Ido, T., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Irie, M., Isayama, A., Ishigooka, T., Isobe, M., Ito, T., Itoh, K., Iwamae, A., Hamaguchi, S., Hamajima, T., Kitajima, S., Kado, S., Kato, D., Kato, T., Kobayashi, S., Kondo, K., Masamune, S., Matsumoto, Y., Matsunami, N., Minami, T., Michael, C., Miura, H., Miyazawa, J., Mizuguchi, N., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Motojima, G., Murakami, I., Muto, S., Nagasaki, K., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Nakano, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, A., Nishimura, H., Nishimura, K., Nishimura, S., Nishino, N., Notake, T., Obana, T., Ogawa, K., Oka, Y., Ohishi, T., Okada, H., Okuno, K., Ono, K., Osakabe, M., Osako, T., Ozaki, T., Peterson, B. J., Sakaue, H., Sasao, M., Satake, S., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimizu, A., Shiratani, M., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Takahata, K., Takahashi, H., Takase, Y., Takeiri, Y., Takenaga, H., Toda, S., Todo, Y., Tokitani, M., Tsuchiya, H., Tsumori, K., Urano, H., Veshchev, E., Watanabe, F., Watanabe, T., Watanabe, T. H., Yamada, I., Yamada, S., Yamagishi, O., Yamaguchi, S., Yoshimura, S., Yoshinaga, T., and Motojima, O.

Published
2009

14. Development of net-current free heliotron plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Author

20198245, 20237506, 50169116, Komori, A., Yamada, H., Sakakibara, S., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Mutoh, T., Ohyabu, N., Imagawa, S., Ida, K., Nagayama, Y., Shimozuma, T., Watanabe, K. Y., Mito, T., Kobayashi, M., Nagaoka, K., Sakamoto, R., Yoshida, N., Ohdachi, S., Ashikawa, N., Feng, Y., Fukuda, T., Igami, H., Inagaki, S., Kasahara, H., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Mitarai, O., Murakami, S., Nakamura, Yuji, Nishiura, M., Hino, T., Masuzaki, S., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Weller, A., Yoshinuma, M., Narushima, Y., Ohno, N., Okamura, T., Tamura, N., Saito, K., Seki, T., Sudo, S., Tanaka, H., Tokuzawa, T., Yanagi, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Akiyama, T., Chikaraishi, H., Chowdhuri, M., Emoto, M., Ezumi, N., Funaba, H., Garcia, L., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ichiguchi, K., Ichimura, M., Idei, H., Ido, T., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Irie, M., Isayama, A., Ishigooka, T., Isobe, M., Ito, T., Itoh, K., Iwamae, A., Hamaguchi, S., Hamajima, T., Kitajima, S., Kado, S., Kato, D., Kato, T., Kobayashi, S., Kondo, K., Masamune, S., Matsumoto, Y., Matsunami, N., Minami, T., Michael, C., Miura, H., Miyazawa, J., Mizuguchi, N., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Motojima, G., Murakami, I., Muto, S., Nagasaki, K., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Nakano, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, A., Nishimura, H., Nishimura, K., Nishimura, S., Nishino, N., Notake, T., Obana, T., Ogawa, K., Oka, Y., Ohishi, T., Okada, H., Okuno, K., Ono, K., Osakabe, M., Osako, T., Ozaki, T., Peterson, B. J., Sakaue, H., Sasao, M., Satake, S., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimizu, A., Shiratani, M., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Takahata, K., Takahashi, H., Takase, Y., Takeiri, Y., Takenaga, H., Toda, S., Todo, Y., Tokitani, M., Tsuchiya, H., Tsumori, K., Urano, H., Veshchev, E., Watanabe, F., Watanabe, T., Watanabe, T. H., Yamada, I., Yamada, S., Yamagishi, O., Yamaguchi, S., Yoshimura, S., Yoshinaga, T., Motojima, O., 20198245, 20237506, 50169116, Komori, A., Yamada, H., Sakakibara, S., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Mutoh, T., Ohyabu, N., Imagawa, S., Ida, K., Nagayama, Y., Shimozuma, T., Watanabe, K. Y., Mito, T., Kobayashi, M., Nagaoka, K., Sakamoto, R., Yoshida, N., Ohdachi, S., Ashikawa, N., Feng, Y., Fukuda, T., Igami, H., Inagaki, S., Kasahara, H., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Mitarai, O., Murakami, S., Nakamura, Yuji, Nishiura, M., Hino, T., Masuzaki, S., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Weller, A., Yoshinuma, M., Narushima, Y., Ohno, N., Okamura, T., Tamura, N., Saito, K., Seki, T., Sudo, S., Tanaka, H., Tokuzawa, T., Yanagi, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Akiyama, T., Chikaraishi, H., Chowdhuri, M., Emoto, M., Ezumi, N., Funaba, H., Garcia, L., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ichiguchi, K., Ichimura, M., Idei, H., Ido, T., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Irie, M., Isayama, A., Ishigooka, T., Isobe, M., Ito, T., Itoh, K., Iwamae, A., Hamaguchi, S., Hamajima, T., Kitajima, S., Kado, S., Kato, D., Kato, T., Kobayashi, S., Kondo, K., Masamune, S., Matsumoto, Y., Matsunami, N., Minami, T., Michael, C., Miura, H., Miyazawa, J., Mizuguchi, N., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Motojima, G., Murakami, I., Muto, S., Nagasaki, K., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Nakano, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, A., Nishimura, H., Nishimura, K., Nishimura, S., Nishino, N., Notake, T., Obana, T., Ogawa, K., Oka, Y., Ohishi, T., Okada, H., Okuno, K., Ono, K., Osakabe, M., Osako, T., Ozaki, T., Peterson, B. J., Sakaue, H., Sasao, M., Satake, S., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimizu, A., Shiratani, M., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Takahata, K., Takahashi, H., Takase, Y., Takeiri, Y., Takenaga, H., Toda, S., Todo, Y., Tokitani, M., Tsuchiya, H., Tsumori, K., Urano, H., Veshchev, E., Watanabe, F., Watanabe, T., Watanabe, T. H., Yamada, I., Yamada, S., Yamagishi, O., Yamaguchi, S., Yoshimura, S., Yoshinaga, T., and Motojima, O.

Published
2009

15. Fusion product diagnostics

Author

Sasao, M., Nishitani, T., Krasilnilov, A., Popovichev, S., Kiptily, V., Källne, Jan, Sasao, M., Nishitani, T., Krasilnilov, A., Popovichev, S., Kiptily, V., and Källne, Jan

Abstract

Fusion product diagnostics can be used to determine a fusion reaction rate, which indicates how close the plasma is to the ultimate goal of making a power plant based on nuclear fusion. However, these diagnostics can also provide large amounts of additional information, such as ion temperatures, the thermonuclear fraction in the fusion reaction rate, degree of fast ion confinement, fast ion loss mechanism, etc. Measurement systems for fusion product diagnostics are usually designed and optimized to a specific performance so that they play different roles in the experiment. The neutron emission rate, which is directly related to the fusion output, can be determined by (a) time-resolved emission monitors, which are well calibrated on-site, in combination with (b) activation systems and (c) profile monitors with accuracy up to several percent. The time-resolved neutron profiles also provide useful information for transport analysis. Velocity distributions and confinement properties of fast ions can be obtained from (d) the neutron spectrometers and (e) gamma-ray measurement. The interaction between plasma dynamics and fast ions can be studied with most fusion product diagnostic systems, especially with (f) escaping charged fusion product detectors. Each section of this chapter contains a general explanation of these systems, showing some experimental results obtained on present devices. A lot of interesting and useful information on the behavior of energetic particles and their degree of confinement are provided by them because interaction between thermal and nonthermal energetic ions and that among nonthermal ions contribute dominantly to the fusion reaction rate in present deuterium-deuterium experiments. In future deuterium-tritium fusion experiments on ITER, the contribution of thermonuclear fraction will be increased, and the combination of several neutron measurement systems will provide the absolute fusion output and neutron fluence on the first wall. Together w

Published
2008

16. ICRH of JET and LHD Majority Ions at their Fundamental Cyclotron Frequency

Author

Krasilnikov, A.V, van Eester, D, Lerche, E, Ongena, J, Mailloux, J, Stamp, M, Jachmich, S, Leggate, H, Vdoniv, V, Walden, A, Mayoral, M.L, Bonheure, G, Santala, M, Kiptily, V, Popovichev, S, Biewer, T, Crombe, K, Esposito, B, Marocco, D, Riva, M, Kaschuck, Yu.A, Amosov, V.N, Ericsson, G, Giacomelli, L, Hellesen, C, Hjalmarsson, A, Källne, J, Isobe, M, Nishiura, M, Sasao, M, Nichimura, H, Saito, K, Seki, T, Mutoh, T, Kumazawa, R, Takeiri, Y, Osakabe, M, Goto, M, Murakami, S, Goncharov, P, Krasilnikov, A.V, van Eester, D, Lerche, E, Ongena, J, Mailloux, J, Stamp, M, Jachmich, S, Leggate, H, Vdoniv, V, Walden, A, Mayoral, M.L, Bonheure, G, Santala, M, Kiptily, V, Popovichev, S, Biewer, T, Crombe, K, Esposito, B, Marocco, D, Riva, M, Kaschuck, Yu.A, Amosov, V.N, Ericsson, G, Giacomelli, L, Hellesen, C, Hjalmarsson, A, Källne, J, Isobe, M, Nishiura, M, Sasao, M, Nichimura, H, Saito, K, Seki, T, Mutoh, T, Kumazawa, R, Takeiri, Y, Osakabe, M, Goto, M, Murakami, S, and Goncharov, P

Abstract

17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas. May 2007, Clearwater, Florida, USA

Published
2007

19. Overview of progress in LHD experiments

Author

Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Sato, M, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, Sasao, M, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Sato, M, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, and Sasao, M

Published
2006

20. Recent progress in large helical device experiments

Author

Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Kawazome, H, Torii, Y, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, Sasao, M, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Kawazome, H, Torii, Y, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, and Sasao, M

Published
2006

21. Studies of fast-ion transport induced by energetic particle modes using fast-particle diagnostics with high time resolution in CHS

Author

Isobe, M, Toi, K, Matsushita, H, Goto, K, Suzuki, C, Nagaoka, K, Nakajima, N, Yamamoto, S, Murakami, S, Shimizu, A, Yoshimura, Y, Akiyama, T, Minami, T, Nishiura, M, Nishimura, S, Darrow, DS, Spong, DA, Shinohara, K, Sasao, M, Matsuoka, K, Okamura, S, Isobe, M, Toi, K, Matsushita, H, Goto, K, Suzuki, C, Nagaoka, K, Nakajima, N, Yamamoto, S, Murakami, S, Shimizu, A, Yoshimura, Y, Akiyama, T, Minami, T, Nishiura, M, Nishimura, S, Darrow, DS, Spong, DA, Shinohara, K, Sasao, M, Matsuoka, K, and Okamura, S

Published
2006

22. Studies of fast-ion transport induced by energetic particle modes using fast-particle diagnostics with high time resolution in CHS

Author

70397529, 40249967, Isobe, M, Toi, K, Matsushita, H, Goto, K, Suzuki, C, Nagaoka, K, Nakajima, N, Yamamoto, S, Murakami, S, Shimizu, A, Yoshimura, Y, Akiyama, T, Minami, T, Nishiura, M, Nishimura, S, Darrow, DS, Spong, DA, Shinohara, K, Sasao, M, Matsuoka, K, Okamura, S, 70397529, 40249967, Isobe, M, Toi, K, Matsushita, H, Goto, K, Suzuki, C, Nagaoka, K, Nakajima, N, Yamamoto, S, Murakami, S, Shimizu, A, Yoshimura, Y, Akiyama, T, Minami, T, Nishiura, M, Nishimura, S, Darrow, DS, Spong, DA, Shinohara, K, Sasao, M, Matsuoka, K, and Okamura, S

Published
2006

23. A global simulation study of ICRF heating in the LHD

Author

40249967, 60116499, Murakami, S, Fukuyama, A, Akutsu, T, Nakajima, N, Chan, V, Choi, M, Chiu, SC, Lao, L, Kasilov, V, Mutoh, T, Kumazawa, R, Seki, T, Sait, K, Watari, T, Isobe, M, Saida, T, Osakabe, M, Sasao, M, 40249967, 60116499, Murakami, S, Fukuyama, A, Akutsu, T, Nakajima, N, Chan, V, Choi, M, Chiu, SC, Lao, L, Kasilov, V, Mutoh, T, Kumazawa, R, Seki, T, Sait, K, Watari, T, Isobe, M, Saida, T, Osakabe, M, and Sasao, M

Published
2006

24. Recent progress in large helical device experiments

Author

40249967, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Kawazome, H, Torii, Y, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, Sasao, M, 40249967, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Kawazome, H, Torii, Y, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, and Sasao, M

Published
2006

25. Overview of progress in LHD experiments

Author

40249967, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Sato, M, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, Sasao, M, 40249967, Komori, A, Morisaki, T, Mutoh, T, Sakakibara, S, Takeiri, Y, Kumazawa, R, Kubo, S, Ida, K, Morita, S, Narihara, K, Shimozuma, T, Tanaka, K, Watanabe, KY, Yamada, H, Yoshinuma, M, Akiyama, T, Ashikawa, N, Emoto, M, Funaba, H, Goto, M, Ido, T, Ikeda, K, Inagaki, S, Isobe, M, Igami, H, Itoh, K, Kaneko, O, Kawahata, K, Kobuchi, T, Masuzaki, S, Matsuoka, K, Minami, T, Miyazawa, J, Muto, S, Nagayama, Y, Nakamura, Y, Nakanishi, H, Narushima, Y, Nishimura, K, Nishiura, M, Nishizawa, A, Noda, N, Ohdachi, S, Oka, Y, Osakabe, M, Ohyabu, N, Ozaki, T, Peterson, BJ, Sagara, A, Saito, K, Sakamoto, R, Sato, K, Sato, M, Seki, T, Shoji, M, Sudo, S, Tamura, N, Toi, K, Tokuzawa, T, Tsumori, K, Uda, T, Watari, T, Yamada, I, Yokoyama, M, Yoshimura, Y, Motojima, O, Beidler, CD, Fujita, T, Isayama, A, Sakamoto, Y, Takenaga, H, Goncharov, P, Ishii, K, Sakamoto, M, Murakami, S, Notake, T, Takeuchi, N, Okajima, S, and Sasao, M

Published
2006

26. Status of ITER neutron diagnostic development

Author

Krasilnikov, AV, Krasilnikov, AV, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, YA, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, VS, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Källne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, AL, Heidbrink, WW, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, DV, Tsutskikh, AY, Donné, AJH, Costley, AE, Walker, CI, Krasilnikov, AV, Krasilnikov, AV, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, YA, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, VS, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Källne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, AL, Heidbrink, WW, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, DV, Tsutskikh, AY, Donné, AJH, Costley, AE, and Walker, CI

Abstract

Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented. © 2005 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2005

27. Status of ITER neutron diagnostic development

Author

Krasilnikov, AV, Krasilnikov, AV, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, YA, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, VS, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Källne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, AL, Heidbrink, WW, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, DV, Tsutskikh, AY, Donné, AJH, Costley, AE, Walker, CI, Krasilnikov, AV, Krasilnikov, AV, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, YA, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, VS, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, ON, Källne, J, Fiore, CL, Roquemore, AL, Heidbrink, WW, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, DV, Tsutskikh, AY, Donné, AJH, Costley, AE, and Walker, CI

Abstract

Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented. © 2005 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2005

28. Status of ITER neutron diagnostic development

Author

Krasilnikov, A, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, Y, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, O, Kallne, J, Fiore, C, Roquemore, A, Heidbrink, W, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, D, Tsutskikh, A, Donne, A, Costley, A, Walker, C, Walker, C., GORINI, GIUSEPPE, Krasilnikov, A, Sasao, M, Kaschuck, Y, Nishitani, T, Batistoni, P, Zaveryaev, V, Popovichev, S, Iguchi, T, Jarvis, O, Kallne, J, Fiore, C, Roquemore, A, Heidbrink, W, Fisher, R, Gorini, G, Prosvirin, D, Tsutskikh, A, Donne, A, Costley, A, Walker, C, Walker, C., and GORINI, GIUSEPPE

Abstract

Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented

Published
2005

29. Energetic ion transport by abrupt large-amplitude event induced by negative-ion-based neutral beam injection in the JT-60U

Author

60116499, Ishikawa, M, Takechi, M, Shinohara, K, Kusama, Y, Cheng, CZ, Matsunaga, G, Todo, Y, Gorelenkov, NN, Kramer, GJ, Nazikian, R, Fukuyama, A, Krasilnikov, VA, Kashuck, Y, Nishitani, T, Morioka, A, Sasao, M, Isobe, M, 60116499, Ishikawa, M, Takechi, M, Shinohara, K, Kusama, Y, Cheng, CZ, Matsunaga, G, Todo, Y, Gorelenkov, NN, Kramer, GJ, Nazikian, R, Fukuyama, A, Krasilnikov, VA, Kashuck, Y, Nishitani, T, Morioka, A, Sasao, M, and Isobe, M

Published
2005

30. ICRF Heating and High Energy Particle Production in the Large Helical Device

Author

Mutoh, T., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Saito, K., Watari, T., Torii, Y., Takeuchi, N., Yamamoto, T., Osakabe, M., Sasao, M., Murakami, S., Ozaki, T., Saida, T., Zhao, Y. P., Okada, H., Takase, Y., Fukuyama, A., Ashikawa, N., Emoto, M., Funaba, H., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ida, K., Idei, H., Ikeda, K., Inagaki, S., Isobe, M., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Khlopenkov, K., Kobuchi, T., Komori, A., Kostrioukov, A., Kubo, S., Liang, Y., Masuzaki, S., Minami, T., Mito, T., Miyazawa, J., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Muto, S., Nagayama, Y., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Narihara, K., Narushima, Y., Nishimura, K., Noda, N., Notake, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtake, I., Ohyabu, N., Oka, Y., Peterson, B. J., Sagara, A., Sakakibara, S., Sakamoto, R., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimozuma, T., Shoji, M., Suzuki, H., Takeiri, Y., Tamura, N., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Tokuzawa, T., Tsumori, K., Watanabe, K. Y., Xu, Y., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Yoshinuma, M., Itoh, K., Ohkubo, K., Satow, T., Sudo, S., Uda, T., Yamazaki, K., Matsuoka, K., Motojima, O., Hamada, Y., Fujiwara, M., Mutoh, T., Kumazawa, R., Seki, T., Saito, K., Watari, T., Torii, Y., Takeuchi, N., Yamamoto, T., Osakabe, M., Sasao, M., Murakami, S., Ozaki, T., Saida, T., Zhao, Y. P., Okada, H., Takase, Y., Fukuyama, A., Ashikawa, N., Emoto, M., Funaba, H., Goncharov, P., Goto, M., Ida, K., Idei, H., Ikeda, K., Inagaki, S., Isobe, M., Kaneko, O., Kawahata, K., Khlopenkov, K., Kobuchi, T., Komori, A., Kostrioukov, A., Kubo, S., Liang, Y., Masuzaki, S., Minami, T., Mito, T., Miyazawa, J., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Muto, S., Nagayama, Y., Nakamura, Y., Nakanishi, H., Narihara, K., Narushima, Y., Nishimura, K., Noda, N., Notake, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtake, I., Ohyabu, N., Oka, Y., Peterson, B. J., Sagara, A., Sakakibara, S., Sakamoto, R., Sato, K., Sato, M., Shimozuma, T., Shoji, M., Suzuki, H., Takeiri, Y., Tamura, N., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Tokuzawa, T., Tsumori, K., Watanabe, K. Y., Xu, Y., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimura, Y., Yoshinuma, M., Itoh, K., Ohkubo, K., Satow, T., Sudo, S., Uda, T., Yamazaki, K., Matsuoka, K., Motojima, O., Hamada, Y., and Fujiwara, M.

Abstract

Significant progress has been made with lon-Cyclotron Range-of-Frequencies (lCRF) heating in the Large Helical Device (LHD). This is mainly due to better confinement of the helically trapped particles, and less accumulation of impurities in the region of the plasma core. During the past two years, ICRF heating power has been increased from 1.35 MW to 2.7 MW. Various wave-mode tests were carried out using minority-ion heating, second-harmonic heating, slow-wave heating, and high-density fast-wave heating at the fundamental cyclotron frequency. This fundamental heating mode extended the plasma-density range of effective ICRF heating to a value of 1 x 10^20 m^-3. This was the first successful result of this geating mode in large fusion devices. Using the minority-ion mode gave the best performance, and the stored energy reached 240 kJ using ICRF alone. This was obtained for the inward-shifted magnetic axis configuration. The improvement associated with the axis shift was common to both bulk plasma and highly accelerated particles. For the minority-ion mode, high-energy ions up to 500 keV were observed by concentrating the heating power near the plasma axis. The confinement properties of high-energy particles were studied for different magnetic axis configurations using the power-modulation technique. It confirmed that the confimement of high-energy particles with the inward-shifted configuration was better than that with the normal configuration. The impurity problem was not serious when the plasma boundary was sufficiently far from the chamber wal1. By reducing the impurity problem, it was possible to sustain the plasma for more than two minutes using ICRF alone.

Published
2002

31. Overview of LHD Experiments

Author

Fujiwara, M., Kawahata, K., Ohyabu, N., Kaneko, O., Komori, A., Yamada, H., Ashikawa, N., Baylor, L. R., Combs, S. K., deVries, P. C., Emoto, M., Masuzaki, S., Minami, T., Miyajima, J., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Murakami, S., Muto, S., Nagayama, Y., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Sagara, A., Nakanishi, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, K., Noda, N., Notake, T., Ohdachi, S., Oka, Y., Okajima, S., Okamoto, M., Osakabe, M., Saito, K., Ozaki, T., Pavlichenko, R. O., Peterson, B. J., Sakakibara, S., Sakamoto, R., Sanuki, H., Sasao, H., Sasao, M., Sato, K., Sato, M., Seki, T., Watanabe, T., Shimozuma, T., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, H., Takechi, M., Takeiri, Y., Tamura, N., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Tokuzawa, T., Wateri, T., Torii, Y., Tsumori, K., Watanabe, K. Y., Yamada, I., Yamaguchi, S., Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, N., Yoshimura, Y., Zhao, Y. P., Akiyama, R., Kitagawa, S., Haba, K., Iima, M., Kodaira, J., Takita, T., Tsuzuki, T., Yamauchi, K., Yonezu, H., Chikaraishi, H., Hamaguchi, S., Imagawa, S., Kubota, Y., Inoue, N., Iwamoto, A., Mutoh, T., Maekawa, R., Mito, T., Murai, K., Nishimura, A., Takahata, K., Tamura, H., Yamada, S., Ejiri, A., Yanagi, N., Itoh, K., Matsuoka, K., Ohkubo, K., Ohtake, I., Satoh, S., Satow, T., Sudo, S., Tanahashi, S., Yamazaki, K., Fisher, P. W., Hamada, Y., Motojima, O., Funaba, H., Goto, M., Hartmann, D., Ida, K., Idei, H., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Inagaki, S., Isobe, M., Kado, S., Khlopenkov, K., Kobuchi, T., Krasilnikov, A. V., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Leuterer, F., Liang, Y., Lyon, J. F., Fujiwara, M., Kawahata, K., Ohyabu, N., Kaneko, O., Komori, A., Yamada, H., Ashikawa, N., Baylor, L. R., Combs, S. K., deVries, P. C., Emoto, M., Masuzaki, S., Minami, T., Miyajima, J., Morisaki, T., Morita, S., Murakami, S., Muto, S., Nagayama, Y., Nakajima, N., Nakamura, Y., Sagara, A., Nakanishi, H., Narihara, K., Nishimura, K., Noda, N., Notake, T., Ohdachi, S., Oka, Y., Okajima, S., Okamoto, M., Osakabe, M., Saito, K., Ozaki, T., Pavlichenko, R. O., Peterson, B. J., Sakakibara, S., Sakamoto, R., Sanuki, H., Sasao, H., Sasao, M., Sato, K., Sato, M., Seki, T., Watanabe, T., Shimozuma, T., Shoji, M., Sugama, H., Suzuki, H., Takechi, M., Takeiri, Y., Tamura, N., Tanaka, K., Toi, K., Tokuzawa, T., Wateri, T., Torii, Y., Tsumori, K., Watanabe, K. Y., Yamada, I., Yamaguchi, S., Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, N., Yoshimura, Y., Zhao, Y. P., Akiyama, R., Kitagawa, S., Haba, K., Iima, M., Kodaira, J., Takita, T., Tsuzuki, T., Yamauchi, K., Yonezu, H., Chikaraishi, H., Hamaguchi, S., Imagawa, S., Kubota, Y., Inoue, N., Iwamoto, A., Mutoh, T., Maekawa, R., Mito, T., Murai, K., Nishimura, A., Takahata, K., Tamura, H., Yamada, S., Ejiri, A., Yanagi, N., Itoh, K., Matsuoka, K., Ohkubo, K., Ohtake, I., Satoh, S., Satow, T., Sudo, S., Tanahashi, S., Yamazaki, K., Fisher, P. W., Hamada, Y., Motojima, O., Funaba, H., Goto, M., Hartmann, D., Ida, K., Idei, H., Iio, S., Ikeda, K., Inagaki, S., Isobe, M., Kado, S., Khlopenkov, K., Kobuchi, T., Krasilnikov, A. V., Kubo, S., Kumazawa, R., Leuterer, F., Liang, Y., and Lyon, J. F.

Abstract

Experimental studies on the Large Helical Device during the last two years are reviewed. After the start of LHD experiment in 1998, the magnetic field has been gradually raised up to 2.89 T. The heating power has been increased, up to 4.2 MW for NBI, 1.3 MW for ICRF, and 0.9 MW for ECRH, Upgrading the key hardware systems has led to the extension of the plasma parameters to (i) higher T_e [ T_e(0) = 4.4 keV at = 5.3 x 10^18 m^-3 and P_abs = 1.8 MW ], (ii) higher confinement [tau_E = 0.3 s, T_e(0) = 1.1 keV at = 6.5 x 10^19 m^-3 and P_abs = 2.0 MW] and (iii) higher stored energy W_p^dia = 880 kJ. High performance plasmas have been realized in the inward shifted magnetic axis configuration (R=3 .6m) where the helical symmetry is recovered and the particle orbit properties are improved by trade off of MHD stability properties due to the appearance of the magnetic hill. The energy confinement was systematically higher than that predicted by the Intemational Stellerator Scaling 95 up to a factor of I .6 and was comparable with ELMy H-mode confinement capability in tokamaks. This confinement improvement is attributed to the configuration control (the inward shift of magnetic axis) and to the formation of the high edge temperature. The achieved average beta value reached 2.4 % at B=1.3 T, the highest beta value ever obtained in helical devices, and so far no degradation of confinement by MHD phenomenon is observed. The inward shifted configuration has also led to successful ICRF minority ion heating. ICRF power up to 1.3 MW was reliably injected into the plasma without significant impurity contamination and a plasma with a stored energy of 200 kJ was sustained for 5 sec by ICRF alone. As another important result long pulse discharges of more than I minute were successfully achieved separately with NBI heating of 0.5 MW and with ICRF heating of 0.85 MW.

Published
2000

32. TFTR DT experiments

Author

Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Bendy, RO, Borland, W, Buong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, B, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, EB, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod'ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, BL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, BW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, BK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, BC, McKee, G, McGuire, KM, Meade, BM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, BR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, B, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, BK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Bendy, RO, Borland, W, Buong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, B, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, EB, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod'ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, BL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, BW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, BK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, BC, McKee, G, McGuire, KM, Meade, BM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, BR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, B, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, BK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, and Sasao, M

Abstract

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is a large tokamak which has performed experiments with 50:50 deuterium-tritium fuelled plasmas. Since 1993, TFTR has produced about 1090 D-T plasmas using about 100 grams of tritium and producing about 1.6 GJ of D-T fusion energy. These plasmas have significant populations of 3.5 MeV alphas (the charged D-T fusion product). TFTR research has focused on alpha particle confinement, alpha driven modes, and alpha heating studies. Maximum D-T fusion power production has aided these studies, requiring simultaneously operation at high input heating power and large energy confinement time (to produce the highest temperature and density), while maintaining low impurity content. The principal limitation to the TFTR fusion power production was the disruptive stability limit. Secondary limitations were the confinement time, and limiter power handling capability. © 1997 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
1997

33. Deuterium–tritium plasmas in novel regimes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Author

Bell, MG, Bell, MG, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod’ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, Mcchesney, J, Mccune, DC, Mckee, G, Mcguire, KM, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Bell, MG, Bell, MG, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod’ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, Mcchesney, J, Mccune, DC, Mckee, G, Mcguire, KM, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, and Schilling, G

Abstract

Experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] have explored several novel regimes of improved tokamak confinement in deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasmas, including plasmas with reduced or reversed magnetic shear in the core and high-current plasmas with increased shear in the outer region (high [formula omitted]). New techniques have also been developed to enhance the confinement in these regimes by modifying the plasma-limiter interaction through in situ deposition of lithium. In reversed-shear plasmas, transitions to enhanced confinement have been observed at plasma currents up to 2.2 MA [formula omitted] accompanied by the formation of internal transport barriers, where large radial gradients develop in the temperature and density profiles. Experiments have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of the barrier formation and its relationship with the magnetic configuration and with the heating characteristics. The increased stability of high-current, high-[formula omitted] plasmas produced by rapid expansion of the minor cross section, coupled with improvement in the confinement by lithium deposition has enabled the achievement of high fusion power, up to 8.7 MW, with D–T neutral beam heating. The physics of fusion alpha-particle confinement has been investigated in these regimes, including the interactions of the alphas with endogenous plasma instabilities and externally applied waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. In D–T plasmas with [formula omitted] and weak magnetic shear in the central region, a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode instability driven purely by the alpha particles has been observed for the first time. The interactions of energetic ions with ion Bernstein waves produced by mode conversion from fast waves in mixed-species plasmas have been studied as a possible mechanism for transferring the energy of the alphas to fuel ions. © 1997, American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.

Published
1997

34. TFTR DT experiments

Author

Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Bendy, RO, Borland, W, Buong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, B, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, EB, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod'ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, BL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, BW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, BK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, BC, McKee, G, McGuire, KM, Meade, BM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, BR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, B, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, BK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Bendy, RO, Borland, W, Buong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, B, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, EB, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod'ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, BL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, BW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, BK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, BC, McKee, G, McGuire, KM, Meade, BM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, BR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, B, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, BK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, and Sasao, M

Abstract

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is a large tokamak which has performed experiments with 50:50 deuterium-tritium fuelled plasmas. Since 1993, TFTR has produced about 1090 D-T plasmas using about 100 grams of tritium and producing about 1.6 GJ of D-T fusion energy. These plasmas have significant populations of 3.5 MeV alphas (the charged D-T fusion product). TFTR research has focused on alpha particle confinement, alpha driven modes, and alpha heating studies. Maximum D-T fusion power production has aided these studies, requiring simultaneously operation at high input heating power and large energy confinement time (to produce the highest temperature and density), while maintaining low impurity content. The principal limitation to the TFTR fusion power production was the disruptive stability limit. Secondary limitations were the confinement time, and limiter power handling capability. © 1997 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
1997

35. Deuterium–tritium plasmas in novel regimes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Author

Bell, MG, Bell, MG, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod’ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, Mcchesney, J, Mccune, DC, Mckee, G, Mcguire, KM, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Bell, MG, Bell, MG, Batha, S, Beer, M, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, H, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, B, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Callen, J, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Goloborod’ko, VY, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, MC, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, S, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, H, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, Lamarche, P, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, RP, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, M, Mazzucato, E, Mcchesney, J, Mccune, DC, Mckee, G, Mcguire, KM, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Rice, B, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Roquemore, AL, Rogers, J, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, and Schilling, G

Abstract

Experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] have explored several novel regimes of improved tokamak confinement in deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasmas, including plasmas with reduced or reversed magnetic shear in the core and high-current plasmas with increased shear in the outer region (high [formula omitted]). New techniques have also been developed to enhance the confinement in these regimes by modifying the plasma-limiter interaction through in situ deposition of lithium. In reversed-shear plasmas, transitions to enhanced confinement have been observed at plasma currents up to 2.2 MA [formula omitted] accompanied by the formation of internal transport barriers, where large radial gradients develop in the temperature and density profiles. Experiments have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of the barrier formation and its relationship with the magnetic configuration and with the heating characteristics. The increased stability of high-current, high-[formula omitted] plasmas produced by rapid expansion of the minor cross section, coupled with improvement in the confinement by lithium deposition has enabled the achievement of high fusion power, up to 8.7 MW, with D–T neutral beam heating. The physics of fusion alpha-particle confinement has been investigated in these regimes, including the interactions of the alphas with endogenous plasma instabilities and externally applied waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. In D–T plasmas with [formula omitted] and weak magnetic shear in the central region, a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode instability driven purely by the alpha particles has been observed for the first time. The interactions of energetic ions with ion Bernstein waves produced by mode conversion from fast waves in mixed-species plasmas have been studied as a possible mechanism for transferring the energy of the alphas to fuel ions. © 1997, American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.

Published
1997

36. Overview of DT results from TFTR

Author

Bell, MG, Bell, MG, McGuire, KM, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, MA, Bell, RE, Bitter, M, Bretz, NI, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Cauffman, SR, Chang, Z, Chang, CS, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, RD, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, RK, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, JC, Hsuan, H, Hughes, MH, Hulse, RA, Janos, AC, Jassby, DI, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kesner, J, Kugel, HW, Lam, NT, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, ME, McChesney, JM, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, PB, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, MW, Pitcher, CS, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, DR, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, JF, Schmidt, GI, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, Terry, JI, Bell, MG, Bell, MG, McGuire, KM, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, MA, Bell, RE, Bitter, M, Bretz, NI, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Cauffman, SR, Chang, Z, Chang, CS, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, RD, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, RK, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, JC, Hsuan, H, Hughes, MH, Hulse, RA, Janos, AC, Jassby, DI, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kesner, J, Kugel, HW, Lam, NT, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, ME, McChesney, JM, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, PB, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, MW, Pitcher, CS, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, DR, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, JF, Schmidt, GI, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, and Terry, JI

Abstract

Experiments with plasmas having nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. To date (September 1995), the maximum fusion power has been 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high beta P discharge following a current ramp-down. The fusion power density in the core of the plasma has reached 2.8 MW/m3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The energy confinement time tau E is observed to increase in DT, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n1(0).T1(0). tau E product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter H mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high beta P discharges. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP simulations assuming classical confinement. Measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from helium gas puffing experiments. The loss of energetic alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha particle driven instabilities has yet been observed. ICRF heating of a DT plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. DT experiments on TFTR will continue both to explore the physics underlying the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.

Published
1995

37. Recent D-T results on TFTR

Author

Johnson, DW, Johnson, DW, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, R, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, N, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Fu, GY, Fujita, T, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, N, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Hughes, M, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, LC, Kamperschroer, J, Kesner, J, Kotschenreuther, M, Kugel, H, Lamarche, PH, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Marmar, ES, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, M, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Qualls, AL, Ramsey, A, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Spong, D, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, E, Takahashi, H, Johnson, DW, Johnson, DW, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, R, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, N, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Fu, GY, Fujita, T, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, N, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Hughes, M, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, LC, Kamperschroer, J, Kesner, J, Kotschenreuther, M, Kugel, H, Lamarche, PH, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Marmar, ES, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, M, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Qualls, AL, Ramsey, A, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Spong, D, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, E, and Takahashi, H

Abstract

Routine tritium operation in TFTR has permitted investigations of alpha particle physics in parameter ranges resembling those of a reactor core. ICRF wave physics in a DT plasma and the influence of isotopic mass on supershot confinement have also been studied. Continued progress has been made in optimizing fusion power production in TFTR, using extended machine capability and Li wall conditioning. Performance is currently limited by MHD stability. A new reversed magnetic shear regime is being investigated with reduced core transport and a higher predicted stability limit.

Published
1995

38. Recent D-T results on TFTR

Author

Johnson, DW, Johnson, DW, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, R, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, N, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Fu, GY, Fujita, T, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, N, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Hughes, M, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, LC, Kamperschroer, J, Kesner, J, Kotschenreuther, M, Kugel, H, Lamarche, PH, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Marmar, ES, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, M, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Qualls, AL, Ramsey, A, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Spong, D, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, E, Takahashi, H, Johnson, DW, Johnson, DW, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, R, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, N, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Fu, GY, Fujita, T, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, N, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Hughes, M, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, LC, Kamperschroer, J, Kesner, J, Kotschenreuther, M, Kugel, H, Lamarche, PH, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Marmar, ES, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, M, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Qualls, AL, Ramsey, A, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Spong, D, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, E, and Takahashi, H

Abstract

Routine tritium operation in TFTR has permitted investigations of alpha particle physics in parameter ranges resembling those of a reactor core. ICRF wave physics in a DT plasma and the influence of isotopic mass on supershot confinement have also been studied. Continued progress has been made in optimizing fusion power production in TFTR, using extended machine capability and Li wall conditioning. Performance is currently limited by MHD stability. A new reversed magnetic shear regime is being investigated with reduced core transport and a higher predicted stability limit.

Published
1995

39. Overview of DT results from TFTR

Author

Bell, MG, Bell, MG, McGuire, KM, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, MA, Bell, RE, Bitter, M, Bretz, NI, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Cauffman, SR, Chang, Z, Chang, CS, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, RD, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, RK, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, JC, Hsuan, H, Hughes, MH, Hulse, RA, Janos, AC, Jassby, DI, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kesner, J, Kugel, HW, Lam, NT, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, ME, McChesney, JM, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, PB, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, MW, Pitcher, CS, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, DR, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, JF, Schmidt, GI, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, Terry, JI, Bell, MG, Bell, MG, McGuire, KM, Arunasalam, V, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Bateman, G, Beer, MA, Bell, RE, Bitter, M, Bretz, NI, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Cauffman, SR, Chang, Z, Chang, CS, Cheng, CZ, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, HH, Durst, RD, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, RK, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, JC, Hsuan, H, Hughes, MH, Hulse, RA, Janos, AC, Jassby, DI, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kesner, J, Kugel, HW, Lam, NT, Leblanc, B, Levinton, FM, MacHuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, ME, McChesney, JM, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, PB, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, MW, Pitcher, CS, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, DR, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, JF, Schmidt, GI, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, and Terry, JI

Abstract

Experiments with plasmas having nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. To date (September 1995), the maximum fusion power has been 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high beta P discharge following a current ramp-down. The fusion power density in the core of the plasma has reached 2.8 MW/m3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The energy confinement time tau E is observed to increase in DT, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n1(0).T1(0). tau E product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter H mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high beta P discharges. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP simulations assuming classical confinement. Measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from helium gas puffing experiments. The loss of energetic alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha particle driven instabilities has yet been observed. ICRF heating of a DT plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. DT experiments on TFTR will continue both to explore the physics underlying the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.

Published
1995

40. Deuterium and tritium experiments on TFTR

Author

Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Adler, H, Barnes, CW, Batha, S, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Caorlin, M, Chang, Z, Darrow, DS, Duong, H, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryiuk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kugel, H, Lam, NT, LeBlanc, B, Levington, FM, Machuzak, J, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Majeski, R, Marmar, E, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mueller, D, Murakami, M, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Skinner, CH, Snipes, JA, Stevens, J, Stevenson, T, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, E, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Von Halle, A, Von Goeler, S, Wilgen, JB, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Young, KM, Zarnstorff, MC, Zweben, SJ, Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Adler, H, Barnes, CW, Batha, S, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Caorlin, M, Chang, Z, Darrow, DS, Duong, H, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryiuk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kugel, H, Lam, NT, LeBlanc, B, Levington, FM, Machuzak, J, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Majeski, R, Marmar, E, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mueller, D, Murakami, M, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Skinner, CH, Snipes, JA, Stevens, J, Stevenson, T, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, E, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Von Halle, A, Von Goeler, S, Wilgen, JB, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Young, KM, Zarnstorff, MC, and Zweben, SJ

Abstract

Three campaigns, prior to July 1994, attempted to increase the fusion power in DT plasmas on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The first campaign was dedicated to obtaining >5 MW of fusion power while avoiding MHD events similar to the JET X-event. The second was aimed at producing maximum fusion power irrespective of proximity to MHD limits, and achieved 9 MW limited by a disruption. The third campaign increased the energy confinement time using lithium pellet conditioning while raising the ratio of alpha heating to beam heating.

Published
1994

41. Deuterium and tritium experiments on TFTR

Author

Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Adler, H, Barnes, CW, Batha, S, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Caorlin, M, Chang, Z, Darrow, DS, Duong, H, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryiuk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kugel, H, Lam, NT, LeBlanc, B, Levington, FM, Machuzak, J, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Majeski, R, Marmar, E, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mueller, D, Murakami, M, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Skinner, CH, Snipes, JA, Stevens, J, Stevenson, T, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, E, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Von Halle, A, Von Goeler, S, Wilgen, JB, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Young, KM, Zarnstorff, MC, Zweben, SJ, Strachan, JD, Strachan, JD, Adler, H, Barnes, CW, Batha, S, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Bretz, NL, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Caorlin, M, Chang, Z, Darrow, DS, Duong, H, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, E, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hawryiuk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kugel, H, Lam, NT, LeBlanc, B, Levington, FM, Machuzak, J, Mansfield, DK, Mazzucato, E, Majeski, R, Marmar, E, McChesney, J, McGuire, KM, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mueller, D, Murakami, M, Nazikian, R, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Paul, SF, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Skinner, CH, Snipes, JA, Stevens, J, Stevenson, T, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, E, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Von Halle, A, Von Goeler, S, Wilgen, JB, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Young, KM, Zarnstorff, MC, and Zweben, SJ

Abstract

Three campaigns, prior to July 1994, attempted to increase the fusion power in DT plasmas on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The first campaign was dedicated to obtaining >5 MW of fusion power while avoiding MHD events similar to the JET X-event. The second was aimed at producing maximum fusion power irrespective of proximity to MHD limits, and achieved 9 MW limited by a disruption. The third campaign increased the energy confinement time using lithium pellet conditioning while raising the ratio of alpha heating to beam heating.

Published
1994

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