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This paper presents TeknoAssistant, a domain-specific tech mining method for building a problem-solution conceptual network aimed at helping technicians from a particular field to find alternative tools and pathways to implement when confronted with a problem. We evaluate our approach using Natural Language Processing field, and propose a 2-g text mining process adapted for analyzing scientific publications. We rely on a combination of custom indicators with Stanford OpenIE SAO extractor to build a Bernoulli Naive Bayes classifier which is trained by using domain-specific vocabulary provided by the TeknoAssistant user. The 2-g contained in the abstracts of a scientific publication dataset are classified in either "problem", "solution" or "none" categories, and a problem-solution network is built, based on the co-occurrence of problems and solutions in the abstracts. We propose a combination of clustering technique, visualization and Social Network Analysis indicators for guiding a hypothetical user in a domain-specific problem solving process.

Les llengües tenen diversos mecanismes de creació de neologismes (o paraules noves). En aquest treball ens hem volgut centrar en els mitjans de comunicació escrits i, en concret, en la revista Saó, revista valenciana que sol centrar-se, especialment, en temes socioculturals, lingüístics, artístics o polítics.

Phenol conversion under saline thermophilic anaerobic conditions requires the development and sustenance of a highly specialized microbial community. In the present research, an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) fed with an influent containing 0.5 g·L−1 phenol and 6.5 gNa+·L−1 was operated at 55 °C for 300 days. Phenol degradation was limited when phenol was the sole substrate. However, the phenol removal efficiency significantly (p < 0.001) increased to 80 % corresponding to a conversion rate of 29 mgPhenol·gVSS−1d−1 when acetate (0.5 gCOD·L−1) was simultaneously provided. Isotopic analysis using 1–13C labeled acetate and measuring 13CH4 revealed that acetate was first oxidized to hydrogen and CO2, prior to methanogenesis, resulting in an increased abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. It is hypothesized that the latter is of crucial importance for achieving effective anaerobic oxidation of phenol and its metabolites. Remarkably, the phenol conversion rate in the membrane-associated biomass was three times higher than in the suspended biomass. The observed difference in the conversion rate could be explained by the presence of an increased abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the membrane-associated biomass confirmed by a microbial community analysis of Archaea. Benzoate was measured in the permeate suggesting that phenol degradation occurred via the benzoyl-CoA pathway. The results of the current study suggest that syntrophic acetate oxidation coupled with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which results in the presence of an abundant electron sink, plays a key role in enhancing thermophilic phenol degradation. The obtained insights widen the application of anaerobic digestion to treat saline phenolic-rich wastewater at high temperatures., Sanitary Engineering

Les llengües tenen diversos mecanismes de creació de neologismes (o paraules noves). En aquest treball ens hem volgut centrar en els mitjans de comunicació escrits i, en concret, en la revista Saó, revista valenciana que sol centrar-se, especialment, en temes socioculturals, lingüístics, artístics o polítics.

This paper presents TeknoAssistant, a domain-specific tech mining method for building a problem-solution conceptual network aimed at helping technicians from a particular field to find alternative tools and pathways to implement when confronted with a problem. We evaluate our approach using Natural Language Processing field, and propose a 2-g text mining process adapted for analyzing scientific publications. We rely on a combination of custom indicators with Stanford OpenIE SAO extractor to build a Bernoulli Naive Bayes classifier which is trained by using domain-specific vocabulary provided by the TeknoAssistant user. The 2-g contained in the abstracts of a scientific publication dataset are classified in either "problem", "solution" or "none" categories, and a problem-solution network is built, based on the co-occurrence of problems and solutions in the abstracts. We propose a combination of clustering technique, visualization and Social Network Analysis indicators for guiding a hypothetical user in a domain-specific problem solving process.

Bioaugmentation – the addition of specific microorganisms to microbial consortia to obtain specific functions - is a promising method to improve the performance of sub-optimal anaerobic digestion processes and recover methane production. The present study implements for the first time a model with bioaugmentation functionalities, enabling the dynamic microbiological study of augmented anaerobic systems. The model is based on a previous advanced mathematical model focused on ammonia inhibition, which was extended. Three inhibited anaerobic digestion experiments were simulated, where bioaugmentation involved the addition of: (i) hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea; (ii) a combination of hydrogenotrophs and syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria; and (iii) acetoclastic methanogenic archaea to the inhibited reactors. Methane productivity, pH, and ammonia were correctly predicted by the model, with weighted absolute percentage errors below 10 %. Trends in volatile fatty acids accumulation and consumption showed good agreement between in silico and in vivo data. Simulations revealed that bioaugmentation will result in process improvement when specialized hydrogenotrophs are used: not only do they establish themselves in the inhibited environment, but also help in the recovery of acetoclastic methanogens. Overall, the mathematical approach adopted to describe the bioaugmentation phenomena resulted in a robust computational tool for simulation of general bioaugmentation strategies.

Este artículo utiliza técnicas de minería de textos para determinar el desfase temporal de la transferencia de conocimiento entre la actividad investigadora y el desarrollo tecnológico en biorremediación, complementándolas con técnicas avanzadas de visualización para extraer patrones que puedan ser de interés para la toma de decisiones en este campo. Se han identificado los patrones de aparición de nuevas tecnologías o principios téoricos en este campo y se propone un método basado en la estructura semántica sujeto-acción-objeto (SAO) para caracterizar dichos patrones, utilizando tuplas de 2 palabras. Nuestros resultados muestran que los avances tecnológicos en la biorremediación de metales pesados siguen rápidamente a los avances científicos, a diferencia de los desarrollos en la biorremediación de componentes químicos orgánicos. El mapeo científico revela tres áreas distintas: 1) remediación y fitorremediación de metales pesados; 2) remediación aeróbica y anaeróbica de elementos químicos; y 3) técnicas de biorremediación para tratar fuentes de contaminación específicas como el petróleo. El análisis de tecnologías emergentes apunta a actividades que implican la recuperación de energía mediante biorremediación y muestra una cantidad cada vez mayor de tecnologías que involucran cepas específicas de microorganismos, que podrían ganar un impulso significativo en este campo en un horizonte temporal estimado de diez años. Nuestro enfoque SAO, probado en la muestra de datos correspondiente a estas cepas, demuestra ser útil para caracterizar las tecnologías emergentes cuando se aplica a conceptos instrumentales.

Metalle wie Natrium, Eisen und Nickel finden sich in Spuren in der Mesosphäre. Das Verglühen des kosmischem Staubes ist ihre Quelle. Chemische Prozesse, wie die Reaktion mit Ozon, erlauben es Natrium- und Eisen-Moleküle zu bilden. Dabei werden sie in einen angeregten Zustand versetzt. Natrium emittiert dabei nach einer weiteren Reaktion mit molekularem Sauerstoff ein Dublett bei 0.589 m während FeO ein Pseudokontinuum emittiert. Das Pseudokontinuum ist dabei schwieriger zu messen als die klare Linienemission. Um diese Emissionen in der Mesosphäre zu untersuchen werden in dieser Dissertation Daten von Teleskopen der Europäischen Südsternwarte (ESO) in der chilenischen Atacama Wüste (24 S, 70 W) verwendet. Zusätzlich wurde diese Studie mit einem Datensatz des Apache Point Observatory (APO, 32 N, 105 W) in New Mexico/USA erweitert. X-shooter und UVES, Spektrographen am Very Large Telescope der ESO, bieten mit ihren Aufnahmen über 3.5 und 15 Jahre, umfangreiche Datenarchive. Seit Februar 2014 wird am APO der MaNGA Survey durchgeführt. Diese dort aufgenommen Daten bieten uns eine weiter Quelle an spektroskopischen Daten über eine Dauer von 2.5 Jahren. Die Daten des X-shooter Archives ermöglichen es uns die nächtliche und saisonale Änderung der FeO und Na Emission zu untersuchen. In diesen Untersuchungen wurde ein halb-jährliche sowie jährliche Variation in beiden Emittern festgestellt. Im vergleich zum Jahresmittel ergibt sich für die halb-jährliche Amplitude ein Wert von 27% und 30% für Eisenoxid und Natrium, während die Amplituden für die jährliche Variation bei 17% und 25% liegen. Diese Studie wird ergänzt durch Simulationen mittels WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model). Diese Rechnungen ermöglichten es die Quantenausbeute der zur FeO und Na Emission führenden Reaktion zu berechnen. Im Fall von FeO wurde ein Wert von 13% berechnet, für Na ein Wert vn 11%. Die berechnete Quantenausbeute von Na befindet sich im selben Bereich wie frühere Studien. Für FeO sche, Metals in the mesopause region, such as Na, Fe or Ni, originate from meteoric ablation in the upper atmosphere. Through reactions with ozone they emit airglow. In the case of Fe and Ni the airglow originates from their oxidised form which unlike the atomic line emission from Na results in a pseudo-continuum emission. This pseudo-continuum emission is difficult to observe since it is a broad but weak spectral feature compared to the line emissions arising from sodium. For this study on metals in the mesopause region we use astronomical data taken with the Very Large Telescope (VLT, 24 S, 70 W) operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile, and the Apache Point Observatory (APO, 32 N, 105 W) in New Mexico/USA. The ESO spectrographs X-shooter and UVES as well as the APO MaNGA survey instrument were utilised. The already studied X-shooter data cover 3.5 years, the UVES sample comprises 15 years, whereas MaNGA was recently started and encompasses 2.5 years so far. X-shooter allows for detailed studies on the diurnal and seasonal behaviour of FeO and Na. We found a semi-annual amplitude of 27% and 30% with respect to the annual mean for FeO and Na, respectively. This compares to 17% and 25% in the amplitude of the annual oscillation for FeO and Na, respectively. In addition, simulations with WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) allowed us to quantify the reaction rates in the mesopause region. We find a quantum yield of 13% for FeO and 11% for Na, which is in reasonable agreement with laboratory results. The investigation at the VLT site is complemented by a study of two individual nights of UVES data. The MaNGA sample offers the possibility to extend our investigation of FeO and Na also to the northern hemisphere. Especially, a comparison between the VLT and APO site with respect to latitude would be of interest. Furthermore, the instrumental set-up allows for a more detailed study on the contribution of NiO to the night-sky emission., author: Mag.rer.nat Stefanie Unterguggenberger, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, FWF project P26130, Universität Innsbruck, Dissertation, 2017, OeBb, (VLID)1890351

Historically, nanotechnology faces the same challenges that every new, emerging and science-based industry faces. The transfer of viable knowledge from science to market needs to be bridged better. To enhance this transfer, a methodology is designed which integrates engineering design and subject-action-object (SAO) based text mining to find, select and evaluate nanotechnologies from scientific abstracts. A case study has been conducted for which the engineering design methods are used to structure a technical innovation problem in the manufacturing industry. 1.2 million abstracts from nanotechnology related articles are downloaded from the Web of Science and indexed based on technical function using SAO-parsing of the title and abstract. To this dataset, the methodology was applied to scout technologies solving a technical problem in the manufacturing industry. The performance of the designed methodology was measured based on precision and recall, as compared with standard scientific search retrieval technology. The methodology was evaluated on basis of structured interviews conducted with two engineering managers. The results demonstrate that the SAO methodology is a valuable assist to innovation and design within the firm. Significant challenges which are addressed in this article are for example knowledge loss due to SAO-parsing and information stickiness., Technology, Policy and Management, Systems engineering, policy analysis and management

Historically, nanotechnology faces the same challenges that every new, emerging and science-based industry faces. The transfer of viable knowledge from science to market needs to be bridged better. To enhance this transfer, a methodology is designed which integrates engineering design and subject-action-object (SAO) based text mining to find, select and evaluate nanotechnologies from scientific abstracts. A case study has been conducted for which the engineering design methods are used to structure a technical innovation problem in the manufacturing industry. 1.2 million abstracts from nanotechnology related articles are downloaded from the Web of Science and indexed based on technical function using SAO-parsing of the title and abstract. To this dataset, the methodology was applied to scout technologies solving a technical problem in the manufacturing industry. The performance of the designed methodology was measured based on precision and recall, as compared with standard scientific search retrieval technology. The methodology was evaluated on basis of structured interviews conducted with two engineering managers. The results demonstrate that the SAO methodology is a valuable assist to innovation and design within the firm. Significant challenges which are addressed in this article are for example knowledge loss due to SAO-parsing and information stickiness., Technology, Policy and Management, Systems engineering, policy analysis and management

Metropolen weltweit unterliegen einem wechselseitigen Konkurrenzdruck um als Standorte für die Wirtschaft attraktiv zu bleiben. Um sich behaupten zu können, bedarf es Alleinstellungsmerkmalen. Ein solches Merkmal kann das Zentrum einer Metropole darstellen. Vormals wenig beachtet, rücken Innenstädte so seit einiger Zeit wieder in das Blickfeld der Stadtplaner und -politiker. Dies gilt für Metropolen des Globalen Nordens, seit jüngerer Zeit aber auch für solche im Globalen Süden. Auch in Brasilien mit seinem hohen Verstädterungsgrad wird der Fokus wieder stärker auf die Innenstädte gelegt, nachdem diese über einige Jahrzehnte zugunsten neuer Zentrumsfragmente weniger beachtet wurden. Mit Maßnahmen der Innenstadterneuerung soll die Attraktivität dieser zentralen Räume gesteigert werden. Angesichts der in brasilianischen Städten zu beobachtenden sozioökonomischen Disparitäten, sind die Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung für bestimmte Bevölkerungsschichten unterschiedlich. Die Maßnahmen fokussieren oft auf bauliche Maßnahmen wie Gebäudesanierungen ebenso aber auch auf den öffentlichen Raum. Dieser bietet der öffentlichen Hand unmittelbar die Möglichkeit initiativ zu werden. Auch hierbei kann es sich um physische Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen beispielsweise von Plätzen handeln. Eine große Rolle spielen aber auch institutionelle Neuerungen die den Zugang und die Nutzung der öffentlichen Räume betreffen. In São Paulo sind in jüngerer Vergangenheit verschiedene Erneuerungsmaßnahmen im öffentlichen Raum erfolgt. Dabei steht dessen Aufwertung im Vordergrund. Ziel der Interventionen war es, Bewohner primär der Mittelschicht wieder für den öffentlichen Raum des Zentrums zu interessieren. Dafür wurden sowohl bauliche Maßnahmen umgesetzt, als auch Regelungen für die Nutzung erlassen. Diese gehen oft indirekt oder direkt zu Lasten benachteiligter Zentrumsnutzer wie Obdachlose, (informelle) Straßenhändler und Recyclingmaterialsammler. Neben der Stadtverwaltung gibt es eine Vielzahl von Org, Metropolises around the world are subject to mutual competitive pressure to remain their attractiveness for the economy. In order to hold ones ground, unique selling propositions are needed. The center of a metropolis may be considered such a feature. Downtown areas previously received little attention, but for some time urban planners and -politicians are paying increased attention to this topic again. This applies to cities of the Global North, but recently it also becomes relevant for those in the Global South. In Brazil, with its high degree of urbanization, the focus lies once again on the inner cities, after having received less attention over several decades in favor of new center-fragments. Measures of downtown renewal should raise the attractiveness of these central areas. Given the socio-economic disparities observed in Brazilian cities, the implications of these trends for determined population groups are different. The measures often focus on structural interventions such as building renovations, but also on the public space. It directly provides the public authorities the ability to take the initiative. Again, physical rehabilitation measures of places, for example, may be part of these initiatives. However, concerning the access and use of public spaces, institutional innovations play an important role as well. In the recent past and mainly for upgrading purposes, various renovation measures have been carried out in São Paulos public space. The aim of those interventions was to re-establish residents primarily the middle class interest in the public space of the city center. For this purpose structural measures were implemented, as well as forms of use regulated. These often indirectly or directly provoke problems for disadvantaged users such as homeless, (informal) street traders and recycling material collectors. In addition to the city government, there are a number of organizations which implicitly or explicitly deal with questions concerning inner, Tobias Töpfer, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Innsbruck, Univ., Diss., 2014, OeBB, (VLID)325972

In the anaerobic digestion process, the most sensitive step is the methanogenesis. The main methane producing organisms are the acetoclastic methanogenic archaea that degrade the acetic acid to methane. These microorganisms are very sensitive to high concentrations of ammonia, which leads to operation problems. Recently, it has been studied a microorganism that also has the ability to degrade acetate, SAO bacteria, less sensitive to ammonia and favoring the methane production through the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. In the present project, a study of the SAO bacteria was made, in order toadd them in the ADM1 model. These microorganisms are able to oxidize acetic anaerobically to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The reaction is very sensitive to the partial pressure of H2, needing the presence of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea, which consume the H2 generated and transform to methane. Once the population SAO was implemented in the model, the kinetic parameters of these new bacteria were identified by using experimental data and optimizing the sum of the square of differences between these data and values predicted by the model. The experimental data came from simultaneous batch test with different initial concentrations of ammonium, acetate and hydrogen, using an inoculum from a biogas plant whose behavior suggested the possible presence of SAO. Moreover, the variable stoichiometry model was studied because the SAO organisms are very sensitive to the reaction thermodynamics. That model was compared with the ADM1 model, which in the results seems that could not fulfill the second law of thermodynamics, simulating reactions which are endergonic in the reality. The results indicate the interest of modifying the ADM1 model to consider the presence of the SAO microorganisms. The fitting to the experimental data, using the modified ADM1 model, corroborate the presence of an appreciable initial concentration of SAO in the samples, with higher concentrations than those of, En la digestió anaeròbia una de les etapes més sensibles és la metanogènesi. Els principals organismes productors de metà, les arqueobacteris metanogènics acetoclástics, que degraden l'àcid acètic a metà, són molt sensibles a concentracions elevades d'amoníac, el que comporta problemes en el procés. Per intentar solucionar aquest inconvenient i comprendre millor el procés, recentment s'estan estudiant més a fons els bacteris SAO. Aquestes també tenen la capacitat de degradar l'acètic i són menys sensibles al amoníac. A diferència de les acetoclástiques, els SAO transformen l'acetat en hidrogen i diòxid de carboni. L'H2 produït és transformat en metà per arqueobacteris metanogènics hidrogenófils. A més, els SAO són molt sensibles a la pressió parcial d'hidrogen, pel que és imprescindible per al seu desenvolupament el consum d'H2 per part de les metanogènics hidrogenófils. En el present treball s'ha realitzat un estudi dels bacteris SAO, per tal de poder implementar la seva dinàmica en el model ADM1. Un cop implementada, es va procedir a la identificació de paràmetres utilitzant dades experimentals d'assaigs discontinus simultanis, amb diferents concentracions inicials d'amoni, acetat i hidrogen, utilitzant un inòcul procedent d'una planta de biogàs el comportament suggeria la possible presència de SAO. D'altra banda, com els organismes SAO són molt sensibles a la termodinàmica de la reacció, es va estudiar el model adoptant estequiometria variable i es va comparar amb el model ADM1. Aquest últim, segons els resultats, podria no complir el segon principi de la termodinàmica, produint reaccions endergòniques. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen l'interès en modificar el model de referència ADM1 perquè contempli la presència de microorganismes SAO. Els ajustos a les dades experimentals, realitzats mitjançant el model ADM1 modificat, corroboren la presència d'una concentració inicial apreciable de SAO en les mostres estudiades, amb concentracions superiors a les de arqueoba, En la digestión anaerobia una de las etapas más sensibles es la metanogénesis. Los principales organismos productores de metano, las arqueas metanogénicas acetoclásticas, que degradan el ácido acético a metano, son muy sensibles a concentraciones elevadas de amoniaco, lo que conlleva problemas en el proceso. Para intentar solucionar este inconveniente y comprender mejor el proceso, recientemente se están estudiando más a fondo las bacterias SAO. Estas también poseen la capacidad de degradar el acético y son menos sensibles al amoniaco. A diferencia de las acetoclásticas, SAO transforma el acetato en hidrógeno y dióxido de carbono. El H2 producido es transformado en metano por arqueas metanogénicas hidrogenófilas. Además, SAO son muy sensibles a la presión parcial de hidrógeno, por lo que es imprescindible para su desarrollo el consumo de H2 por parte de las metanogénicas hidrogenófilas. En el presente trabajo se ha realizado un estudio de las bacterias SAO, con el fin de poder implementar su dinámica en el modelo ADM1. Una vez implementada, se procedió a la identificación de parámetros utilizando datos experimentales de ensayos discontinuos simultáneos, con diferentes concentraciones iniciales de amonio, acetato e hidrógeno, utilizando un inóculo procedente de una planta de biogás cuyo comportamiento sugería la posible presencia de SAO. Por otra parte, como los organismos SAO son muy sensibles a la termodinámica de la reacción, se estudió el modelo adoptando estequiometría variable y se comparó con el modelo ADM1. Este último, según los resultados, podría no cumplir el segundo principio de la termodinámica, produciendo reacciones endergónicas. Los resultados obtenidos indican el interés en modificar el modelo de referencia ADM1 para que contemple la presencia de microorganismos SAO. Los ajustes a los datos experimentales, realizados mediante el modelo ADM1 modificado, corroboran la presencia de una concentración inicial apreciable de SAO en las muestras estudiadas

Denna uppsats presenterar olika språkliga företeelser som förekommer i SMS på ryska och diskuterar tänkbara tolkningar och förklaringar. Bland annat presenteras exempel på olika metoder att komprimera språket, t.ex. utelämnade mellanslag, utelämnade skiljetecken, förkortningar av ord och satser. Vidare presenteras och kommenteras olika observerade metoder att transkribera ryska till det latinska alfabetet. Därefter ges exempel på lekfullhet och formexperiment av olika slag. Hit hör bl.a. användning av s.k. smileys, lek med ord och stil, inblandning av andra språk. Sedan diskuteras förekomsten av stavfel och tänkbara orsaker till dessa. Detta följs av en jämförelse mellan rysk telegramstil och SMS på ryska. Slutligen görs en snabb överblick i hur SMS-språket passar in i ett historiskt sammanhang och faktorer som kan påverka dess utveckling inom den närmaste framtiden. Studien bygger på 59788 SMS som samlades in i Moskva i maj 2010. Nyckelord: #a Ryska språket #x SMS (textmeddelanden) #2 sao

Denna uppsats presenterar olika språkliga företeelser som förekommer i SMS på ryska och diskuterar tänkbara tolkningar och förklaringar. Bland annat presenteras exempel på olika metoder att komprimera språket, t.ex. utelämnade mellanslag, utelämnade skiljetecken, förkortningar av ord och satser. Vidare presenteras och kommenteras olika observerade metoder att transkribera ryska till det latinska alfabetet. Därefter ges exempel på lekfullhet och formexperiment av olika slag. Hit hör bl.a. användning av s.k. smileys, lek med ord och stil, inblandning av andra språk. Sedan diskuteras förekomsten av stavfel och tänkbara orsaker till dessa. Detta följs av en jämförelse mellan rysk telegramstil och SMS på ryska. Slutligen görs en snabb överblick i hur SMS-språket passar in i ett historiskt sammanhang och faktorer som kan påverka dess utveckling inom den närmaste framtiden. Studien bygger på 59788 SMS som samlades in i Moskva i maj 2010. Nyckelord: #a Ryska språket #x SMS (textmeddelanden) #2 sao

När det gäller utbildning är det den akademiska basen som upplevs vara viktig för hur man arbetar. Med detta menas att man har fått en grundläggande allmänbildning och man har lärt sig att handskas med stora mängder information. Men det faktum att man har en akademisk utbildning spelar inte stor roll för om man upplever sig arbeta strategiskt eller operativt. Förmågan att uttrycka sig i tal och skrift samt att vara pedagogisk upplever flera av respondenterna vara kunskaper som de lärt sig genom utbildning och som påverkar sättet de arbetar. Det är också erfarenhet i kombination med utbildning som upplevs spela roll för hur man arbetar. Flera av informatörerna upplever att de känner brist på företagsekonomisk kompetens och att detta begränsar dem i deras arbete. När det gäller hur informatörerna upplever att informationsfunktionens placering i organisationen påverkar deras sätt att arbeta mer strategiskt så är det de personliga relationer som en informatör har till sin ledningsgrupp och till sin chef som påverkar, det är också den förståelse som finns kring informationsarbete hos cheferna och ledningsgruppen, informatörens möjligheter att få insyn i organisationens beslutsprocesser och informatörens tillgång till relevant information. När det gäller samhällets ökade krav på organisationer upplevde flera respondenter att de under senare år har börjat arbeta mer aktivt mot omvärlden. Några av våra respondenter reflekterar i större utsträckning över organisationens identitet och existensberättigande. En utmärkande arbetsuppgift för en av respondenterna är att han idag har som uppgift att ta reda på hur organisationen "sköter sig" i olika frågor. För en annan respondent har arbetet att jobba för transparens i organisationen blivit en större del i arbetet. Hälften av respondenterna, de vars organisation som enligt oss verkar ha tagit ansvarssteget, upplever att de för en dialog med fler intressenter idag.

När det gäller utbildning är det den akademiska basen som upplevs vara viktig för hur man arbetar. Med detta menas att man har fått en grundläggande allmänbildning och man har lärt sig att handskas med stora mängder information. Men det faktum att man har en akademisk utbildning spelar inte stor roll för om man upplever sig arbeta strategiskt eller operativt. Förmågan att uttrycka sig i tal och skrift samt att vara pedagogisk upplever flera av respondenterna vara kunskaper som de lärt sig genom utbildning och som påverkar sättet de arbetar. Det är också erfarenhet i kombination med utbildning som upplevs spela roll för hur man arbetar. Flera av informatörerna upplever att de känner brist på företagsekonomisk kompetens och att detta begränsar dem i deras arbete. När det gäller hur informatörerna upplever att informationsfunktionens placering i organisationen påverkar deras sätt att arbeta mer strategiskt så är det de personliga relationer som en informatör har till sin ledningsgrupp och till sin chef som påverkar, det är också den förståelse som finns kring informationsarbete hos cheferna och ledningsgruppen, informatörens möjligheter att få insyn i organisationens beslutsprocesser och informatörens tillgång till relevant information. När det gäller samhällets ökade krav på organisationer upplevde flera respondenter att de under senare år har börjat arbeta mer aktivt mot omvärlden. Några av våra respondenter reflekterar i större utsträckning över organisationens identitet och existensberättigande. En utmärkande arbetsuppgift för en av respondenterna är att han idag har som uppgift att ta reda på hur organisationen "sköter sig" i olika frågor. För en annan respondent har arbetet att jobba för transparens i organisationen blivit en större del i arbetet. Hälften av respondenterna, de vars organisation som enligt oss verkar ha tagit ansvarssteget, upplever att de för en dialog med fler intressenter idag.

In this paper we present an extension for the 2D (zonal mean) version of our numerical spectral mode (NSM) that incorporates Hines' Doppler spread parameterization (DSP) for small-scale gravity waves (GW). This model is applied to describe the seasonal variations and the semi-annual and quasi-biennial oscillations (SAO and QBO). Our earlier model reproduced the salient features of the mean zonal circulation in the middle atmosphere, including the QBO extension into the upper mesosphere inferred from UARS measurements. The model is extended to reproduce the upwelling at equatorial latitudes that is associated with the Brewer-Dobson circulation - which affects significantly the dynamics of the stratosphere as Dunkerton had pointed out. In the presence of GW, this upwelling is produced in our model with tropospheric heating, which generates also zonal jets outside the tropics similar to those observed. The resulting upward vertical winds increase the period of the QBO. To compensate for that, one needs to increase the eddy diffusivity and the GW momentum flux, bringing the latter closer to values recommended in the DSP. The QBO period in the model is 30 months (mo), which is conducive to synchronize this oscillation with the seasonal cycle of solar forcing. Associated with this QBO are interannual and interseasonal variations that become increasingly more important at higher altitudes - and this variability is interpreted in terms of GW filtering that effectively couples the dynamical components of the mesosphere. The computed temperature amplitudes for the SAO and QBO are in substantial agreement with observations at equatorial and extra-tropical latitudes. At high latitudes, however, the observed QBO amplitudes are significantly larger, which may be a signature of propagating planetary waves not included in the present model. The assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium not being imposed, we find that the effects from the vertical Coriolis force associated with the equa

In this paper we present an extension for the 2D (zonal mean) version of our numerical spectral mode (NSM) that incorporates Hines' Doppler spread parameterization (DSP) for small-scale gravity waves (GW). This model is applied to describe the seasonal variations and the semi-annual and quasi-biennial oscillations (SAO and QBO). Our earlier model reproduced the salient features of the mean zonal circulation in the middle atmosphere, including the QBO extension into the upper mesosphere inferred from UARS measurements. The model is extended to reproduce the upwelling at equatorial latitudes that is associated with the Brewer-Dobson circulation - which affects significantly the dynamics of the stratosphere as Dunkerton had pointed out. In the presence of GW, this upwelling is produced in our model with tropospheric heating, which generates also zonal jets outside the tropics similar to those observed. The resulting upward vertical winds increase the period of the QBO. To compensate for that, one needs to increase the eddy diffusivity and the GW momentum flux, bringing the latter closer to values recommended in the DSP. The QBO period in the model is 30 months (mo), which is conducive to synchronize this oscillation with the seasonal cycle of solar forcing. Associated with this QBO are interannual and interseasonal variations that become increasingly more important at higher altitudes - and this variability is interpreted in terms of GW filtering that effectively couples the dynamical components of the mesosphere. The computed temperature amplitudes for the SAO and QBO are in substantial agreement with observations at equatorial and extra-tropical latitudes. At high latitudes, however, the observed QBO amplitudes are significantly larger, which may be a signature of propagating planetary waves not included in the present model. The assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium not being imposed, we find that the effects from the vertical Coriolis force associated with the equa

In this paper we present an extension for the 2D (zonal mean) version of our numerical spectral mode (NSM) that incorporates Hines' Doppler spread parameterization (DSP) for small-scale gravity waves (GW). This model is applied to describe the seasonal variations and the semi-annual and quasi-biennial oscillations (SAO and QBO). Our earlier model reproduced the salient features of the mean zonal circulation in the middle atmosphere, including the QBO extension into the upper mesosphere inferred from UARS measurements. The model is extended to reproduce the upwelling at equatorial latitudes that is associated with the Brewer-Dobson circulation - which affects significantly the dynamics of the stratosphere as Dunkerton had pointed out. In the presence of GW, this upwelling is produced in our model with tropospheric heating, which generates also zonal jets outside the tropics similar to those observed. The resulting upward vertical winds increase the period of the QBO. To compensate for that, one needs to increase the eddy diffusivity and the GW momentum flux, bringing the latter closer to values recommended in the DSP. The QBO period in the model is 30 months (mo), which is conducive to synchronize this oscillation with the seasonal cycle of solar forcing. Associated with this QBO are interannual and interseasonal variations that become increasingly more important at higher altitudes - and this variability is interpreted in terms of GW filtering that effectively couples the dynamical components of the mesosphere. The computed temperature amplitudes for the SAO and QBO are in substantial agreement with observations at equatorial and extra-tropical latitudes. At high latitudes, however, the observed QBO amplitudes are significantly larger, which may be a signature of propagating planetary waves not included in the present model. The assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium not being imposed, we find that the effects from the vertical Coriolis force associated with the equa

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte