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Burnout in the medical workforce is a growing global concern. Visual arts-based interventions can be a novel way to mitigate burnout and bolster resilience in medicine. Improving tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty has been associated with decreased rates of burnout in clinicians. No known systematic review exists summarizing the evidence behind the use of visual arts-based interventions to mitigate burnout in clinicians. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL in November 2022 using the terms: art, medicine, burnout, and uncertainty. The authors review the evidence for the effects of visual arts-based interventions on clinician burnout. The search identified 58 articles, of which 26 met study inclusion criteria and were assessed by 2 reviewers. These studies reported mixed methods assessments of changes in burnout, empathy, and stress. Overall, visual arts-based interventions promoted empathy, connectedness, and tolerance of ambiguity and had positive effects on burnout; however, some results were mixed. Visual arts-based interventions to mitigate burnout show promise, and additional research should focus on feasibility and longer-term outcomes.

PurposeThis commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today's rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.DescriptionWe outline the creation of an MCH technology and innovation training pipeline developed by harnessing creative funding opportunities, diversifying training modalities, and expanding partnerships beyond traditional academic-practice partners, that be replicated and adapted by other academic programs.AssessmentTechnology and innovation will continue to be a growing intersection between health and equity, and we must create a robust pipeline of MCH leaders prepared to collaborate with entrepreneurial and innovation leaders.ConclusionTechnology offers an important opportunity to improve MCH outcomes and reduce disparities, but only if we train the MCH workforce to seize these opportunities.

PurposeThis commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today's rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.DescriptionWe outline the creation of an MCH technology and innovation training pipeline developed by harnessing creative funding opportunities, diversifying training modalities, and expanding partnerships beyond traditional academic-practice partners, that be replicated and adapted by other academic programs.AssessmentTechnology and innovation will continue to be a growing intersection between health and equity, and we must create a robust pipeline of MCH leaders prepared to collaborate with entrepreneurial and innovation leaders.ConclusionTechnology offers an important opportunity to improve MCH outcomes and reduce disparities, but only if we train the MCH workforce to seize these opportunities.

We provide an analysis of design in global health through a systematic framework to understand what it is, the value it can add, and how it compares to other common problem-solving approaches in global health. We make the case that design is an essential approach when tackling complex global health challenges.

BackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the ways in which displacement disrupts social norms, expectations and trajectories for adolescent girls and young women and the resulting impacts on their risks of violence. This knowledge gap is especially marked with regards to Syrian adolescent girls and young women seeking refuge in Turkey. We explored risks of gender-based violence against Syrian adolescent girls and young women in Turkey and examined how these risks were shaped by their displacement.MethodsData were collected in August 2016 in Izmir, Turkey through five sex-specific focus group discussions with Syrian adolescents and young people (aged 15-25 years) and two mixed gender focus group discussions with Syrian adults (18 years and older). Group discussions covered the issues facing Syrian adolescents and young women in Turkey, and how these were influenced by their displacement. Discussions in Arabic were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were coded inductively, and analysed thematically.ResultsSyrian adolescent girls and young women expressed an increased sense of vulnerability to violence since their displacement. Due to financial strains and limited educational opportunities, they were often encouraged by parents to work or marry, both of which they perceived to increase the risks of violence. In contrast, some adults suggested that marriage could protect adolescent girls and young women from risks of violence associated with working. Being alone outside the home was viewed as risky by all participants due to pervasive sexual, verbal and physical harassment, aggression, and even kidnapping attempts. To limit these risks, many parents reported keeping adolescent girls and young women at home, or ensuring that they were accompanied by male relatives when in public.ConclusionsSyrian adolescent girls and young women face multiple risks of violence following displacement related to altered social trajectories. Some family-based

Background: Taekwondo is the technique of unarmed combat for self defense that involves the skillful application of techniques that include punching; jumping kicks, blocks, dodges, parrying actions with hands and feet. The stance position has been pointed out as important factor that can potentially affect the kick performance, so the stance position can be seen as a constraint for the execution. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare kinematic variables in preferred and non-preferred front leg axe kick in taekwondo according to two stance position (0, 45). Methods: 10 elite taekwondo players participated in the study. Kinematic analysis was performed by using sports motion analysis system. Results : Significant differences in kinematic data were found in front leg axe kick during 0 and 45 stance positions at the beginning of the kick; these differences disappear at the end of the kick. In comparison of kick at 0 and 45 the kick performed at 45stance position reacts faster than the kick perform at 0 stance position. Conclusion: According to the result of this report, experienced athletes are able to adapt their execution thus getting similar output at the end of the kick, that is, when the kicking leg impacts the target. Therefore, the stance position is a factor that affects the execution technique of taekwondo athletes kick so the stance position must be seen as a constraint to which athletes must adapt.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-week plyometric training on two different surfaces, sand and grass on muscle soreness and selected sport-specific performance variables in national level hockey players. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups- grass training group (N=20) and sand training group (N=20). After the baseline measurements of strength, endurance, balance, and agility, plyometric training was given for 4-weeks,three sessions per week. Muscle soreness was assessed at the end of each training session on a 7-point likert scale.Post-readings of strength, endurance, balance and agility were taken after the 4-week training programme. Data when compared after plyometric training revealed no significant changes between two groups (p>0.05), however players in the sand group experienced less muscle soreness (p<0.05) than grass group. There was significant improvement (p<0.05) seen in the tested variables in both groups after the training but no significant interaction was found between the two surfaces after the training. These findings suggest that short-term plyometric training on sand/non-rigid surface induces similar improvements in strength, endurance, balance and agility as on firm surface but induces significantly less muscle soreness. Hence, plyometric training on sand is viable option for coaches to enhance performance in athletes, while reducing risk of muscle soreness and damage.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-week plyometric training on two different surfaces, sand and grass on muscle soreness and selected sport-specific performance variables in national level hockey players. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups- grass training group (N=20) and sand training group (N=20). After the baseline measurements of strength, endurance, balance, and agility, plyometric training was given for 4-weeks,three sessions per week. Muscle soreness was assessed at the end of each training session on a 7-point likert scale.Post-readings of strength, endurance, balance and agility were taken after the 4-week training programme. Data when compared after plyometric training revealed no significant changes between two groups (p>0.05), however players in the sand group experienced less muscle soreness (p<0.05) than grass group. There was significant improvement (p<0.05) seen in the tested variables in both groups after the training but no significant interaction was found between the two surfaces after the training. These findings suggest that short-term plyometric training on sand/non-rigid surface induces similar improvements in strength, endurance, balance and agility as on firm surface but induces significantly less muscle soreness. Hence, plyometric training on sand is viable option for coaches to enhance performance in athletes, while reducing risk of muscle soreness and damage.

The purpose of this study was of two-folds, firstly, to evaluate the anthropometric profile of Indian inter-university volleyball players and, secondly, to search the correlation of body mass index, % body fat, hand grip strength (right dominant) and Vo2max. with other anthropometric characteristics studied. Eleven anthropometric characteristics, four body composition parameters, two physical and two physiological variables and nine arm anthropometric characteristics were measured on randomly selected 63 inter-university Indian volleyball players (38 males and 25 females) aged 18–25 years from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India with adequate controls (n = 102, 52 males and 50 females). The results indicated that male volleyball players were taller (6.63%) and heavier (7.31%) and female volleyball players were slightly taller (0.31%) and lighter (3.74%) than their control counterparts. One way analysis of variance showed significant (p≤0.004-0.000) between group differences in all the variables (except hip circumference) between volleyball players and controls. In volley players, significantly positive correlations were found with BMI and other 19 variables, with percent body fat and 6 variables, with right hand grip strength and 20 variables and with Vo2max and other 19 variables, and significantly negative correlations were found with percent body fat and other 16 variables, with right hand grip strength and other 7 variables and with Vo2max with other 8 variables. The findings of the present study might be useful in future investigation on player selection, talent identification in volleyball and training program development.

The purpose of this study was of two-folds, firstly, to evaluate the anthropometric profile of Indian inter-university volleyball players and, secondly, to search the correlation of body mass index, % body fat, hand grip strength (right dominant) and Vo2max. with other anthropometric characteristics studied. Eleven anthropometric characteristics, four body composition parameters, two physical and two physiological variables and nine arm anthropometric characteristics were measured on randomly selected 63 inter-university Indian volleyball players (38 males and 25 females) aged 18–25 years from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India with adequate controls (n = 102, 52 males and 50 females). The results indicated that male volleyball players were taller (6.63%) and heavier (7.31%) and female volleyball players were slightly taller (0.31%) and lighter (3.74%) than their control counterparts. One way analysis of variance showed significant (p≤0.004-0.000) between group differences in all the variables (except hip circumference) between volleyball players and controls. In volley players, significantly positive correlations were found with BMI and other 19 variables, with percent body fat and 6 variables, with right hand grip strength and 20 variables and with Vo2max and other 19 variables, and significantly negative correlations were found with percent body fat and other 16 variables, with right hand grip strength and other 7 variables and with Vo2max with other 8 variables. The findings of the present study might be useful in future investigation on player selection, talent identification in volleyball and training program development.

El Golf es un deporte popular y el swing en golf es un movimiento complejo que reclama una secuencia coordinada de movimientos. Existen dos tipos de swing: el clásico y el moderno. El Clásico se diferencia del Moderno en varios aspectos que son importantes cuando se consideran sus efectos en la parte inferior de la espalda. Este estudio comparó la amplitud de la activación muscular en el tronco de los golfistas al realizar los dos tipos de swing. Veintidos jugadores de golf (21.5 años ±3.4) fueron instruidos para realizar el swing moderno y clásico, tomándose la actividad muscular (actividad EMG) del Oblicuo Externo (O.E.), Oblícuo Interno (O.I), y Erector Spinae (E.S.) de ambos lados del cuerpo. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad muscular de los dos lados del cuerpo fue menor en el swing moderno que en el clásico, tanto en el O.E. y O.I. (diferencia significativa p menor que 0.05) en el downswing y en la fase de impacto, mientras que fue mayor, en ambos lados del cuerpo, en el E.S. en el swing moderno. La actividad del E.S. durante la fase de seguimiento (follow-through) fue significativamente mayor (p menor que 0.05) en el swing moderno en comparación con el clásico. Las diferencias significativas en la actividad muscular del E.S. y en otros grupos musculares, sugieren el reclutamiento inapropiado de estos músculos en los jugadores de golf. La actividad electromiográfica (EMG) evidenció que el swing moderno produce una mayor extension de las fuerzas en la parte inferior de la espalda, en comparación con las fuerzas que produce el swing clásico.

The potential of new developments in mobile technology, with capabilities for anytime, anywhere wireless access, to affect pre-engineering education and technical literacy at the K-12 level remains poorly understood Mobile access to digital libraries provides unique opportunities for leveraging valuable experiences outside of the classroom. This paper presents a user needs analysis of teachers, students and parents with regard to understanding the potential of such mobile digital library services to enhance science and technology learning in informal environments for students in U.S. grades 4-5 and middle school To study this area we discuss a methodology at the intersection of design and research that borrows from qualitative research methods and traditional user-centered design, together with frameworks for translating qualitative data into concrete user needs. We present a summary of twelve need "themes" that emerged from the analysis together with recommendations for how these themes inform the development of a mobile digital library infrastructure and its digital learning resources. The recommendations are illustrated on an informal learning scenario intended for a pre-engineering exercise using resources ftom the NEEDS engineering education digital library at www.needs.org.

The potential of new developments in mobile technology, with capabilities for anytime, anywhere wireless access, to affect pre-engineering education and technical literacy at the K-12 level remains poorly understood Mobile access to digital libraries provides unique opportunities for leveraging valuable experiences outside of the classroom. This paper presents a user needs analysis of teachers, students and parents with regard to understanding the potential of such mobile digital library services to enhance science and technology learning in informal environments for students in U.S. grades 4-5 and middle school To study this area we discuss a methodology at the intersection of design and research that borrows from qualitative research methods and traditional user-centered design, together with frameworks for translating qualitative data into concrete user needs. We present a summary of twelve need "themes" that emerged from the analysis together with recommendations for how these themes inform the development of a mobile digital library infrastructure and its digital learning resources. The recommendations are illustrated on an informal learning scenario intended for a pre-engineering exercise using resources ftom the NEEDS engineering education digital library at www.needs.org.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2002., Includes bibliographical references (p. 387-393)., This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections., Introductory Solid Mechanics has historically been taught using the traditional methods of blackboard instruction. In the Mechanical Engineering Department, we have undertaken an initiative to comprehensively transform the pedagogy of 2.001 (Mechanics and Materials I), an undergraduate course in Solid Mechanics. This transformation represents a radical shift in the teaching paradigm, one which is best described as an active engagement model. Through discovery-based and cooperative learning, it is hoped that students will develop conceptual understanding of the course material, that students will become comfortable working in teams, that student retention of course material will improve, that students will be able to engage in independent learning, and that student satisfaction will improve. There are several components to this new pedagogy: physical desktop experiments, Web-enabled learning modules, a portable computing initiative, a new classroom, and a change in the lecture format. This thesis will describe all of these, but will focus on the development of the Web modules, the synthesis of these elements in developing the new pedagogy, and preliminary assessment of the project. The thesis is dually intended as a presentation of original research and as a working document for others who may wish to undertake a project of similar scope., Jaspal Singh Sandhu., S.M.

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, February 1999., Includes bibliographical references (p. 33)., Standard bicycle seats inflict injury to the perineum, the center for arteries and nerves feeding the penis, through repeated compression loading. Though harmless in low cycles of loading, the result for many high-mileage, male riders is sexual dysfunction. Recum­bent bicycle seats prevent damage to the perineum by shifting the compressive loads to other parts of the anatomy. The object of this project was to design an upright bicycle seat that gave the same benefits as recumbent seats in terms of protection of male sexual functionality. A seat design utiliz­ing similar principles of the recumbent seat and preventing damage to the perineum was proposed. This design maximized stability and comfort, while maintaining the rider's abil­ity to generate pedaling power. Additionally, a streamlined process for rapid prototyping of bicycle seats was developed., by Jaspal Singh Sandhu., S.B.