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1. Anti-Windup Control for MIMO Thermal Systems

Author: Omar Tarek Samir Ahmed Elba, Omar and Omar Tarek Samir Ahmed Elba, Omar
Published: 2024

2. Positividad y negatividad del aburrimiento: una hermenéutica de la cotidianidad

Author: Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Galvis Mejía, Juan Pablo, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, and Galvis Mejía, Juan Pablo
Abstract: This paper considers the positivity and negativity of boredom to understand the horizon in which contemporary society constructs its sense of everyday life. My method follows Heidegger’s interpretative proposal, guided by the concept of everyday life in dialogue with Han, concerning the manifestation of boredom in the everyday life of individuals. In the first part of this paper, I discuss the determinations of instrumental rationality and neoliberalism in sense-construction within contemporary society. Then, in the second part, I attempt to explain the dialectic impossibility of the positivity of boredom. This leads to understanding how the negativity of boredom enables—from dialectics—a negation of neoliberal discourse. Understanding this is relevant when positing the negativity of boredom as a world possibility. I conclude that boredom is an openness to the ways in which contemporary society constructs its everyday life., En el presente artículo se pretende comprender el horizonte en el que la sociedad contemporánea construye su sentido de la cotidianidad, a partir de la positividad y negatividad del aburrimiento. El método empleado será la propuesta interpretativa de Heidegger, orientado por el concepto de cotidianidad en dialogo con Han, en lo referente a la manifestación del aburrimiento en la vida cotidiana de los sujetos. En una primera instancia se abordan las determinaciones de la racionalidad instrumental y el neoliberalismo en la construcción de sentido en la de la sociedad contemporánea. Posteriormente, en un segundo lugar, se comprende la imposibilidad dialéctica de la positividad del aburrimiento, para luego entender cómo la negatividad del aburrimiento posibilita desde la dialéctica una negación del discurso neoliberal. Esta comprensión resulta relevante al momento de plantear la negatividad del aburrimiento como una posibilidad de mundo. Se concluye, que el aburrimiento es una apertura a los modos en los que la sociedad contemporánea construye su cotidianidad.
Published: 2023

3. Risk assessment of polluted glass insulator using leakage current index under different operating conditions

Author: Salem, Ali Ahmed, Abd-Rahman, Samir Ahmed, Al-Gailani, Samir Ahmed, Salam, Zainal, Kamarudin, Muhammad Saufi, Zainuddin, Hidayat, Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz, Salem, Ali Ahmed, Abd-Rahman, Samir Ahmed, Al-Gailani, Samir Ahmed, Salam, Zainal, Kamarudin, Muhammad Saufi, Zainuddin, Hidayat, and Mohd Yousof, Mohd Fairouz
Abstract: In this article, an innovative approach to assess the risk of uniform/non-uniform pollution and wet high voltage glass insulator is proposed. The assessment is based on a new index, named as Rhi, which is derived from the 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonics of the leakage current. Two 33 kV strings of cap and pin glass insulators having three units with different profiles are employed to evaluate the risk level, based on measured critical voltage gradient (Ec). Critical voltage stress tests are executed on the contaminated insulators under different ratios of lower to upper surface (J) and wetting rates. Furthermore, the effects of ratio of soluble deposit density (ESDD) to non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) on the flashover occurrence are analyzed. It was found that the insulator profile has significant influences on the likelihood of flashover which is estimated as 38% and 24% for type A and B insulators, respectively. From the results, it can be concluded that the proposed Rhi index is able to predict the risk level of the insulator and the probability of flashover occurrence more accurately than the 5th/3rd index, which is widely published in literature.
Published: 2020

4. Symbiotic ambient backscatter IoT transmission over NOMA-enabled network

Author: Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Rabie, Khaled, Li, Xingwang, Elhalawany, Basem M, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Rabie, Khaled, Li, Xingwang, and Elhalawany, Basem M
Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) play major roles to enhance spectrum efficiency in wireless communication systems. Besides, the AmBC provides good reinforcement for the current trend towards dispensing batteries for battery-free Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this paper, we propose a symbiotic battery-free IoT system, that exploits the downlink transmission of a NOMA multiplexing enabled cellular network, to permit an IoT spectrum-efficient uplink communication. The IoT backscatter device (BD) performs a symbiotic radio (SR) relation with the cellular source to power its communication by intelligently reflecting the received power. We derive a closed-form expression of the ergodic capacity (EC) of the BD transmission and tight approximations of the ECs of the cellular source transmission, where all channels undergo Nakagami-m fading. Additionally, we validate the analytical results obtained using Monte-Carlo simulations. The influences of several system parameters such as power allocation factor, reflection coefficient, and channels' severity factors have been investigated. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is compared with a benchmark OMA-based system to highlight the achievable performance improvement.
Published: 2022

5. Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, Tarek, Yasmine, Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, and Tarek, Yasmine
Abstract: Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusi
Published: 2022
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6. Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, Tarek, Yasmine, Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, and Tarek, Yasmine
Abstract: Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusi
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, Tarek, Yasmine, Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, and Tarek, Yasmine
Abstract: Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusi
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Reliability of Spectrum-Efficient Mixed Satellite-Underwater Systems

Author: Gamal, Christina, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, Tageldien, Heba A., Chatzinotas, Symeon, Fouda, Mostafa M., Elhalawany, Basem M., Gamal, Christina, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, Tageldien, Heba A., Chatzinotas, Symeon, Fouda, Mostafa M., and Elhalawany, Basem M.
Abstract: The combination of radio-frequency (RF) communication and underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) plays a vital role in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT). This correspondence proposes a dual-hop hybrid satellite underwater system that exploits non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) as a spectrum-efficient access technique. The RF link from the satellite to the relay on an oil platform is presumptively subject to a Shadowed-Rician (SR) fading, while the UOWC channels from the relay to the underwater destinations are suggested to follow Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) distributions. The reliability of the system is characterized in terms of both underwater destinations and system outage probabilities (OPs). We derive new closed-form expressions for the OPs under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) conditions. Furthermore, the asymptotic OP and the diversity order (DO) are obtained to learn more about the system’s performance. The results are verified through an extensive representative Monte-Carlo simulation. Also, we investigate the performance against the turbulence of the salty water, air bubbles level (BL), temperature gradients (TG), shadowing parameters, and satellite pointing errors due to satellite motion, even if the beam is pointed at the center of the directive antenna relay, the beam will randomly oscillate. Finally, we contrast our approach with the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme to demonstrate its superiority.
Published: 2022

9. Outage and capacity analysis of NOMA systems over dual-hop mixed powerline-wireless channels

Author: ElHalawany, Basem M., Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, Khan, Wali Ullah, Wu, Kaishun, Mohamed, Ehad, ElHalawany, Basem M., Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, Khan, Wali Ullah, Wu, Kaishun, and Mohamed, Ehad
Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising technology for 5G networks and beyond. In order to fully reap the benefits of NOMA, it is essential to characterize its performance under different channel fading. In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis of the downlink NOMA-based dual-hop mixed powerline/wireless communication (PLC/WLC) system. Specifically, we investigate the system reliability and spectrum efficiency in terms of the outage probability and the ergodic capacity, respectively, where the PLC link undergoes lognormal fading while the WLC link undergoes block Rayleigh fading. The accuracy of the analytical results has been validated, the effect of different system controlling parameters is tested; and the optimal values of power allocation factors are obtained. Also, the system performance is compared to a benchmark system through representative extensive simulations.
Published: 2022

10. Mixed RIS-Relay NOMA-Based RF-UOWC systems

Author: Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A.Aziz, Khan, Wali Ullah, Chatzinotas, Symeon, ElHalawany, Basem M., Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A.Aziz, Khan, Wali Ullah, Chatzinotas, Symeon, and ElHalawany, Basem M.
Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) are paradigms of technologies that drive the development of communications nowadays. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a NOMA-based RISassisted hybrid radio frequency (RF)-UOWC system. Due to the interruption of the direct link between the base station and the ship floating on the surface of the water, communication will be carried out via an RIS fixed to an intermediate building. The ship works as a relay that redirects the received signal to two underwater destinations simultaneously. In this paper, we provide new analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), asymptotic analyses of the OP, and diversity order (D) to gain insights into the system performance. The results showed that the diversity order depends on the UOWC receiver detection technique. In the end, we illustrated that the NOMA-based RISassisted system significantly improves the outage performance of hybrid RF-UWOC systems over a benchmark systems.
Published: 2022

11. Reliability of Spectrum-Efficient Mixed Satellite-Underwater Systems

Author: Gamal, Christina, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, Tageldien, Heba A., Chatzinotas, Symeon, Fouda, Mostafa M., Elhalawany, Basem M., Gamal, Christina, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, Tageldien, Heba A., Chatzinotas, Symeon, Fouda, Mostafa M., and Elhalawany, Basem M.
Abstract: The combination of radio-frequency (RF) communication and underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) plays a vital role in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT). This correspondence proposes a dual-hop hybrid satellite underwater system that exploits non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) as a spectrum-efficient access technique. The RF link from the satellite to the relay on an oil platform is presumptively subject to a Shadowed-Rician (SR) fading, while the UOWC channels from the relay to the underwater destinations are suggested to follow Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) distributions. The reliability of the system is characterized in terms of both underwater destinations and system outage probabilities (OPs). We derive new closed-form expressions for the OPs under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) conditions. Furthermore, the asymptotic OP and the diversity order (DO) are obtained to learn more about the system’s performance. The results are verified through an extensive representative Monte-Carlo simulation. Also, we investigate the performance against the turbulence of the salty water, air bubbles level (BL), temperature gradients (TG), shadowing parameters, and satellite pointing errors due to satellite motion, even if the beam is pointed at the center of the directive antenna relay, the beam will randomly oscillate. Finally, we contrast our approach with the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme to demonstrate its superiority.
Published: 2022

12. Mixed RIS-Relay NOMA-Based RF-UOWC systems

Author: Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A.Aziz, Khan, Wali Ullah, Chatzinotas, Symeon, ElHalawany, Basem M., Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A.Aziz, Khan, Wali Ullah, Chatzinotas, Symeon, and ElHalawany, Basem M.
Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) are paradigms of technologies that drive the development of communications nowadays. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a NOMA-based RISassisted hybrid radio frequency (RF)-UOWC system. Due to the interruption of the direct link between the base station and the ship floating on the surface of the water, communication will be carried out via an RIS fixed to an intermediate building. The ship works as a relay that redirects the received signal to two underwater destinations simultaneously. In this paper, we provide new analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), asymptotic analyses of the OP, and diversity order (D) to gain insights into the system performance. The results showed that the diversity order depends on the UOWC receiver detection technique. In the end, we illustrated that the NOMA-based RISassisted system significantly improves the outage performance of hybrid RF-UWOC systems over a benchmark systems.
Published: 2022

13. Outage and capacity analysis of NOMA systems over dual-hop mixed powerline-wireless channels

Author: ElHalawany, Basem M., Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, Khan, Wali Ullah, Wu, Kaishun, Mohamed, Ehad, ElHalawany, Basem M., Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, Khan, Wali Ullah, Wu, Kaishun, and Mohamed, Ehad
Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising technology for 5G networks and beyond. In order to fully reap the benefits of NOMA, it is essential to characterize its performance under different channel fading. In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis of the downlink NOMA-based dual-hop mixed powerline/wireless communication (PLC/WLC) system. Specifically, we investigate the system reliability and spectrum efficiency in terms of the outage probability and the ergodic capacity, respectively, where the PLC link undergoes lognormal fading while the WLC link undergoes block Rayleigh fading. The accuracy of the analytical results has been validated, the effect of different system controlling parameters is tested; and the optimal values of power allocation factors are obtained. Also, the system performance is compared to a benchmark system through representative extensive simulations.
Published: 2022

14. La declinación de la autoridad docente en la contemporaneidad: una perspectiva psicoanalítica

Author: Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, González Vargas, Juan Pablo, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, and González Vargas, Juan Pablo
Abstract: Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la autoridad docente en el contexto de la cultura actual, marcada por los discursos del capitalismo y de la ciencia, de los cuales surge una nueva subjetividad. El objetivo de este trabajo es discurrir sobre la incidencia de los discursos del capitalismo y de la ciencia en la declinación de la autoridad docente. En un primer momento, se aborda el proyecto y la subjetividad moderna fundados en los productos de la razón; posteriormente, se indica cómo dicho proyecto entra en una fase de sospecha, por sus efectos en el siglo XX y por la crítica realizada por los maestros de la sospecha. Luego se desarrolla la declinación de la función del padre por la incidencia del discurso del capitalismo, continuando con las consecuencias subjetivas de la declinación de la autoridad docente que genera una nueva subjetividad basada en los derechos individuales hedonistas, para finalizar con la declinación de la autoridad docente, entendida desde dos perspectivas: empresarial y epistémica, que tienen por consecuencia la forclusión de la singularidad. Se concluye que el lugar de la autoridad docente es afectado por dos elementos: primero, por el discurso del capitalismo en su relación con el discurso de la ciencia porque borra la disimetría del lazo social, donde el vínculo docente-estudiante se torna simétrico marcado por el valor de la igualdad; y segundo, por el empuje al Uno de la estandarización del conocimiento dado por políticas educativas internacionales en las que el docente es un instrumento.
Published: 2022

15. Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, Tarek, Yasmine, Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, and Tarek, Yasmine
Abstract: Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusi
Published: 2022
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16. El poder amar y el ser amado althusseriano: tránsitos y transformaciones en El porvenir es largo

Author: López Arboleda, Gloria María, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, García Castro, Juan Fernando, López Arboleda, Gloria María, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, and García Castro, Juan Fernando
Abstract: The Future Lasts a Long Time, autobiographical work of Louis Althusser, shows a characteristic that makes his reflection novel: It is not a study on love or affection, but in his narrative, this is the concept that circulates undeniably. The article develops the concepts of being able to love and be loved as the Althusserian actions that, together, constitute the fundamental axes to understand the concept of love in the work. To address it, we resort to a framework of philosophical and psychoanalytic understanding, since they allow an approach to the dialogues and tensions that are traced from desire, the nominalization of the Other as an act of subjective configuration and writing as an act of interpretation of oneself. It is concluded that the philosopher makes an epistemological and ontological transit that glimpses three Althusser, showing possibilities of transformation of the affection that was the protagonist in the life narrated by the philosopher. Methodologically, the Gadamerian interpretation of the work is used, rivileging a deep, slow reading, in short, a slow and reflective conversation., El Porvenir es largo, obra autobiográfica de Louis Althusser, muestra una característica que hace novedosa su reflexión: no es un estudio sobre el amor o el afecto, pero en su narración este es el concepto que circula innegablemente. El artículo desarrolla los conceptos poder amar y ser amado como las acciones althusserianas que, aparejadas, constituyen los ejes fundamentales para comprender el concepto amor en la obra. Para abordarlo, se acude a un marco de comprensión filosófico y psicoanalítico, toda vez que permiten un acercamiento a los diálogos y tensiones que se trazan desde el deseo, la nominalización del Otro como un acto de configuración subjetiva y la escritura como un acto de interpretación de sí mismo. Se concluye que el filósofo realiza un tránsito epistemológico y ontológico que vislumbra tres Althusser, mostrando posibilidades de transformación del afecto que fue protagonista en la vida narrada por el filósofo. Metodológicamente se acude a la interpretación gadameriana de la obra, privilegiando una lectura profunda, lenta, en fin, una conversación pausada y reflexiva.
Published: 2022

17. Performance analysis of dual-hop hybrid RF-UOWC NOMA systems

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Ansari, Imran Shafique, Rabie, Khaled, Elhalawany, Basem M, Samir, Ahmed, Elsayed, Mohamed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Ansari, Imran Shafique, Rabie, Khaled, and Elhalawany, Basem M
Abstract: The hybrid combination between underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) and radio frequency (RF) is a vital demand for enabling communication through the air–water boundary. On the other hand, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a key technology for enhancing system performance in terms of spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a downlink NOMA-based dual-hop hybrid RF-UOWC with decode and forward (DF) relaying. The UOWC channels are characterized by exponential-generalized Gamma (EGG) fading, while the RF channel is characterized by Rayleigh fading. Exact closed-form expressions of outage probabilities and approximated closed-form expressions of ergodic capacities are derived, for each NOMA individual user and the overall system as well, under the practical assumption of imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). These expressions are then verified via Monte-Carlo simulation for various underwater scenarios. To gain more insight into the system performance, we analyzed the asymptotic outage probabilities and the diversity order. Moreover, we formulated and solved a power allocation optimization problem to obtain an outage-optimal performance. For the sake of comparison and to highlight the achievable gain, the system performance is compared against a benchmark orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-based system.
Published: 2022

18. Symbiotic ambient backscatter IoT transmission over NOMA-enabled network

Author: Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Rabie, Khaled, Li, Xingwang, Elhalawany, Basem M, Elsayed, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El-Banna, Ahmad A Aziz, Rabie, Khaled, Li, Xingwang, and Elhalawany, Basem M
Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) play major roles to enhance spectrum efficiency in wireless communication systems. Besides, the AmBC provides good reinforcement for the current trend towards dispensing batteries for battery-free Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this paper, we propose a symbiotic battery-free IoT system, that exploits the downlink transmission of a NOMA multiplexing enabled cellular network, to permit an IoT spectrum-efficient uplink communication. The IoT backscatter device (BD) performs a symbiotic radio (SR) relation with the cellular source to power its communication by intelligently reflecting the received power. We derive a closed-form expression of the ergodic capacity (EC) of the BD transmission and tight approximations of the ECs of the cellular source transmission, where all channels undergo Nakagami-m fading. Additionally, we validate the analytical results obtained using Monte-Carlo simulations. The influences of several system parameters such as power allocation factor, reflection coefficient, and channels' severity factors have been investigated. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is compared with a benchmark OMA-based system to highlight the achievable performance improvement.
Published: 2022

19. Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry

Author: Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, Tarek, Yasmine, Samir, Ahmed, Gharraf, Heba Said, Baess, Ayman Ibrahim, Sweed, Rania Ahmed, Matrawy, Khaled, Geijer, Mats, Shalabi, Adel, and Tarek, Yasmine
Abstract: Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusi
Published: 2022
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20. The Role of Automated Peripheral Iridectomy Combined with Phacoemulsification and Mini Ex-PRESS Shunt Implantation in Patients with Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

Author: Samir,Ahmed, Abdelrahman Elsayed,Ayman M, Deiaeldin,Yasmine A, Al-Naimy,Mohammed A, Samir,Ahmed, Abdelrahman Elsayed,Ayman M, Deiaeldin,Yasmine A, and Al-Naimy,Mohammed A
Abstract: Ahmed Samir,1,2 Ayman M Abdelrahman Elsayed,1 Yasmine A Deiaeldin,1 Mohammed A Al-Naimy1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; 2Magrabi Eye Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ahmed Samir, Tel +966 594988779, Email ahmedsamir74@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate the role of automated peripheral iridectomy as an adjunctive tool combined with phacoemulsification and ExPRESS shunt implantation in management of cases with chronic angle closure glaucoma.Setting: Magrabi eye hospital.Methods: This prospective study included 22 eyes of 22 patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma and cataract who underwent Ex-PRESS shunt implantation, cataract extraction and surgical peripheral iridectomy at the site of shunt implantation in the period between January 2018 and April 2020.Results: After surgery, the mean IOP was 11.3± 1.2 mm Hg, 14.5± 1.6 mm Hg, 14.8± 2.1 mm Hg, 15.3± 1.9 mm Hg and 17.4± 1.8 mm Hg at 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. All postoperative IOP was significantly lower compared with preoperative IOP (P = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the number of medications required after surgery. The baseline mean number of medications was 3.4± 0.02 (range from 1 to 4), while postoperatively the mean number of medications decreased to 0.7± 0.01 at 12 months (P < 0.01). The qualified success rate was 6/22 eyes, and the complete success rate was 16/22 (72.7%) at 12 months, respectively.Conclusion: The combined phacoemulsification and Ex-PRESS shunt implantation with automated peripheral iridectomy is an effective and safe procedure to treat chronic angle closure glaucoma.Keywords: Ex-PRESS shunt, chronic angle closure glaucoma, iridectomy
Published: 2022

21. Scleral Fixation of Single-Piece Foldable IOL Using Double-Flanged Technique

Author: Samir,Ahmed, ElHag,Yasser G, Elsayed,Ayman M Abdelrahman, Elsayed,Tamer Gamal, Lotfy,Ayman, Samir,Ahmed, ElHag,Yasser G, Elsayed,Ayman M Abdelrahman, Elsayed,Tamer Gamal, and Lotfy,Ayman
Abstract: Ahmed Samir,1 Yasser G ElHag,2 Ayman M Abdelrahman Elsayed,1 Tamer Gamal Elsayed,1 Ayman Lotfy1 1Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Consultant, AlBasar International Foundation, Kano, NigeriaCorrespondence: Ahmed SamirZagazig University, 9 Lebanon Street, Zagazig, EgyptTel +966594988779Email ahmedsamir74@gmail.comPurpose: To describe the efficiency and visual results of a new method of transconjunctival intrascleral fixation of single-piece foldable IOL using double-flanged 6/0 prolene suture.Materials and Methods: Seventeen aphakic eyes of 17 patients without adequate capsular support were involved in this study. Lens was prepared by passing the 6/0 prolene suture in a track in the haptic of single-piece foldable IOL created by 31 g needle. The 6/0 prolene suture was retrieved through a 30 g needle transconjunctivally to outside the globe; then, IOL was implanted and a terminal bulb was created at the outer end of the prolene suture.Results: All cases were aphakic after complicated phacoemulsification. In 10 cases hydrophilic IOLs were used and in 7 cases hydrophobic IOLs were used. There is clear statistically significant difference between pre-UCVA and post- UCVA. Complications included suture slippage in 2 cases and prolene bulb exposure in one case. There was no significant difference in endothelial cell count and IOP before and after 3 months.Conclusion: Transconjunctival intrascleral fixation of foldable single-piece IOLs is a safe efficient method for correcting aphakia.Keywords: scleral fixation, aphakia, foldable IOLs, prolene suture, double flanged
Published: 2020

22. Double-Flanged polypropylene Suture for Scleral Fixation of Cionni Capsule Tension Ring

Author: Samir,Ahmed, Abdelrahman Elsayed,Ayman M, Alyan,Ahmed, Lotfy,Ayman, Samir,Ahmed, Abdelrahman Elsayed,Ayman M, Alyan,Ahmed, and Lotfy,Ayman
Abstract: Ahmed Samir, Ayman M Abdelrahman Elsayed, Ahmed Alyan, Ayman Lotfy Ophthalmology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptCorrespondence: Ahmed SamirOphthalmology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptEmail ahmedsamir74@gmail.comPurpose: To describe a new technique for transconjunctival intrascleral fixation of Cionni CTR using double-flanged polypropylens suture.Methods: This is a prospective interventional case series which included 7 cases with severe (more than 180 degrees) zonular dialysis. Three cases were hereditary lens subluxation (Marfan syndrome), 2 cases with traumatic subluxation and 2 cases with pseudo-exfoliation syndrome.Results: All cases achieved a good postoperative stable and centered IOL with good visual results. No postoperative complications were recorded apart from PCO in 3 cases and mild bleeding during needle passage in one case.Conclusion: This described technique is a simple, time sparing and minimally invasive method for achieving good bag centration. It eliminates the need of conjunctival peritomy, subconjunctival vessels cautery and scleral fashioning of a flap, pocket or a groove. The use of 6/0 polypropylene theoretically can achieve better longevity.Keywords: Cionni ring, lens subluxation, polypropylene suture, scleral fixation
Published: 2020

23. Antiviral potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea

Author: Haggag,Eman, Elshamy,Ali, Rabeh,Mohamed, Gabr,Nagwan, Salem,Mohamed, Youssif,Khayrya, Samir,Ahmed, Bin Muhsinah,Abdullatif, Alsayari,Abdulrhman, Abdelmohsen,Usama Ramadan, Haggag,Eman, Elshamy,Ali, Rabeh,Mohamed, Gabr,Nagwan, Salem,Mohamed, Youssif,Khayrya, Samir,Ahmed, Bin Muhsinah,Abdullatif, Alsayari,Abdulrhman, and Abdelmohsen,Usama Ramadan
Abstract: Eman G Haggag,1 Ali M Elshamy,2 Mohamed A Rabeh,2,3 Nagwan M Gabr,1 Mohamed Salem,4 Khayrya A Youssif,3 Ahmed Samir,4 Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah,5 Abdulrhman Alsayari,5 Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen61Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (Msa), Cairo, Egypt; 5Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptBackground: Viral and microbial infections constitute one of the most important life-threatening problems. The emergence of new viral and bacterial infectious diseases increases the demand for new therapeutic drugs.Purpose: The objective of this study was to use the aqueous and hexane extracts of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea F. Aizoaceae for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and to investigate its possible antiviral activity. In addition to the investigation of the phytochemical composition of the crude methanolic extracts of the two plants through UPLC-MS metabolomic profiling, and it was followed by molecular docking in order to explore the chemical compounds that might contribute to the antiviral potential.Methods: The formation of SNPs was further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antiviral activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay against HSV-1, HAV-10 virus and Coxsackie B4 virus. Metabolomics profiling was performed using UPLC-MS and molecular docking was performed via Autodock4 and visualization was done using the Discovery studio.Results: The early sig
Published: 2019

24. Antiviral potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea

Author: Haggag,Eman, Elshamy,Ali, Rabeh,Mohamed, Gabr,Nagwan, Salem,Mohamed, Youssif,Khayrya, Samir,Ahmed, Bin Muhsinah,Abdullatif, Alsayari,Abdulrhman, Abdelmohsen,Usama Ramadan, Haggag,Eman, Elshamy,Ali, Rabeh,Mohamed, Gabr,Nagwan, Salem,Mohamed, Youssif,Khayrya, Samir,Ahmed, Bin Muhsinah,Abdullatif, Alsayari,Abdulrhman, and Abdelmohsen,Usama Ramadan
Abstract: Eman G Haggag,1 Ali M Elshamy,2 Mohamed A Rabeh,2,3 Nagwan M Gabr,1 Mohamed Salem,4 Khayrya A Youssif,3 Ahmed Samir,4 Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah,5 Abdulrhman Alsayari,5 Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen61Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (Msa), Cairo, Egypt; 5Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptBackground: Viral and microbial infections constitute one of the most important life-threatening problems. The emergence of new viral and bacterial infectious diseases increases the demand for new therapeutic drugs.Purpose: The objective of this study was to use the aqueous and hexane extracts of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea F. Aizoaceae for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and to investigate its possible antiviral activity. In addition to the investigation of the phytochemical composition of the crude methanolic extracts of the two plants through UPLC-MS metabolomic profiling, and it was followed by molecular docking in order to explore the chemical compounds that might contribute to the antiviral potential.Methods: The formation of SNPs was further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antiviral activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay against HSV-1, HAV-10 virus and Coxsackie B4 virus. Metabolomics profiling was performed using UPLC-MS and molecular docking was performed via Autodock4 and visualization was done using the Discovery studio.Results: The early sig
Published: 2019

25. Novel Technique For The Management Of Macroperforation During Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Author: Nasr Hashem,Ayman, Tolees,Sherif, Samir,Ahmed, Nasr Hashem,Ayman, Tolees,Sherif, and Samir,Ahmed
Abstract: Ayman Nasr Hashem,1 Sherif Said Tolees,2 Ahmed Samir3 1Eye City Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 2Magrabi Eye and Ear Hospital, Jeddah, KSA; 3Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Correspondence: Ayman Nasr HashemEye City Hospital, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, EgyptTel +2 01009769598Email aymannhashem@gmail.comPurpose: To describe the outcomes of a case series of patients who underwent a novel technique for managing macroperforation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).Methods: Nine eyes of 9 patients with advanced keratoconus who underwent DALK comprised the case series. A macroperforation occurred in all eyes during DALK. The stromal patch suturing technique was used to manage all cases; a large piece of the previously excised stromal tissue was sutured to the edge of the trephine to seal the perforation. The technical aspects of the procedure are described and data are presented on the visual outcomes, endothelial microscopy, and postoperative complications at last postoperative visit (average 18 months; range, 7 to 23 months).Results: All 9 cases were managed successfully with the stromal patch suturing technique. Postoperatively, the graft was clear in all cases. At day 1, seven eyes had a Descemet’s membrane detachment, 3 of these eyes resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks and 4 required air bubble injection for successful reattachment. At last follow up seven eyes had a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 or better and 2 eyes had 20/40 vision. The average endothelial cell count was 2162 cell/mm2. There were no cases with excessive inflammation or vascularisation during the postoperative follow-up.Conclusion: The stromal patch suturing technique was successfully used to manage intraoperative macroperforation during DALK. This technique resulted in endothelial changes that were consistent with uncomplicated DALK and function visual acuity of 20/40 or better in all cases with no postoperative sequelae.Keywords: DALK, keratoplast
Published: 2019

26. Posmodernidad, mirada y virtualidad: Sujetos enred-ados, sujetos mirados

Author: Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, López Arboleda, Gloria María, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, and López Arboleda, Gloria María
Abstract: From an interpretative and critical perspective, this paper seeks to make possible an approach to the image of the world concept in Postmodernism and its links with virtuality, as well as a view to warn the kind of subjectivity generated by these intersections from psychoanalysis. The text provides an introduction and an initial reflection, a section on psychoanalytic concepts related to postmodernism and a final subheading on possible discussions., El presente artículo reflexivo pretende, desde una perspectiva interpretativa y crítica, realizar un acercamiento al concepto de imagen del mundo en la Posmodernidad y sus vínculos con la virtualidad y la mirada para advertir el tipo de subjetividad que se genera de estas intersecciones a partir del psicoanálisis. El texto presenta una introducción y reflexión inicial, un acápite sobre conceptos psicoanalíticos vinculados a la Posmodernidad y un acápite final sobre discusiones posibles.
Published: 2018

27. Mature Cystitic Teratoma of the Bladder Masquerading as a Distal Ureteral Stone.

Author: Omar, Mohamed, Omar, Mohamed, El-Gharabawy, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El Sherif, Eid, Monga, Manoj, Omar, Mohamed, Omar, Mohamed, El-Gharabawy, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El Sherif, Eid, and Monga, Manoj
Abstract: A 27-year woman presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and alleged small right distal ureteric stone that had been diagnosed with KUB and non-contrast spiral CT. Patient was scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy, revealing absence of the presumed stone, while cystoscopy showed unexpected 2 cm pedunculated grayish white lesion, situated on the right lateral wall of the bladder with sparse hairs covering it. An incomplete TURBT was done; the histological findings correlated with the gross picture seen on cystoscopy. Following CT urography, the patient went an open partial cystectomy and right oophorectomy; the histopathology was consistent with mature bladder teratoma.
Published: 2017

28. Mature Cystitic Teratoma of the Bladder Masquerading as a Distal Ureteral Stone.

Author: Omar, Mohamed, Omar, Mohamed, El-Gharabawy, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El Sherif, Eid, Monga, Manoj, Omar, Mohamed, Omar, Mohamed, El-Gharabawy, Mohamed, Samir, Ahmed, El Sherif, Eid, and Monga, Manoj
Abstract: A 27-year woman presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and alleged small right distal ureteric stone that had been diagnosed with KUB and non-contrast spiral CT. Patient was scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy, revealing absence of the presumed stone, while cystoscopy showed unexpected 2 cm pedunculated grayish white lesion, situated on the right lateral wall of the bladder with sparse hairs covering it. An incomplete TURBT was done; the histological findings correlated with the gross picture seen on cystoscopy. Following CT urography, the patient went an open partial cystectomy and right oophorectomy; the histopathology was consistent with mature bladder teratoma.
Published: 2017

29. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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30. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. 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Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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31. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun 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Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, 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Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, 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N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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32. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. 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Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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33. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. 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V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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34. Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. 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Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Nadkami, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Kumar, Sunil, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'Neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Venskutonis, Donatas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Em, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Borg, Elaine, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Wiiliams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Razzaq, Abdul, Lawal, Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Cecilia, Ana, Bautista, Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Kotecha, Deevia, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Fergusson, Stuart J., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew D., Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Stoddart, Michael, Benons, Natasha, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Arnaud, Alexis P., Drake, Thomas M., Fitzgerald, J. Edward F., Poenaru, Dan, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Fergusson, Stuart, Glasbey, James C., Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Soreide, Kjetil, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negeida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Jaffry, Zahra, Chapman, Stephen J., Tabiri, Stephen, Recinos, Gustavo, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Pata, Francesco, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Shu, Sebastian, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Spence, Richard, Rayne, Sarah, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Marta Modolo, Maria, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Iyer, Dushyant, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, Dickfos, Marilla, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Chong, Chean Leung, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, King, Sebastian, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Firdouse, Mohammed, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristiza Ibal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Gohar, Muhammad Saad Ali Muhammad, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, Fattah, Ibrahim Abdel, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mesreb, Ahmed Maher Menshawy, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Essam, Abdelrhman, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Raya, Metwally Abo, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Makhlouf, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Elkelany, Ahmed, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Shafik, Doaa Emadeldin, Ghoname, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, Ahmed, Hager, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura, Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Tarek, Amr, Fadel, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Alnawam, Ehab Abdulkader Hemida Ghazy, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, Alyoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Abo-ryia, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Khater, Omar, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Hani, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Worku, Mengistu, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contreras, Rodriguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquin, Velsquez, Carlos Ivan Perez, Merida, Sara Maria Contreras, Regalado, Francisco, 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Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima Linares, Fujii, Francisco, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Ponze De Leon, Melanie Zapata, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Sauvat, Frederique, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-Shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Gudal, Ahmad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Teasdale, Ella, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Luis, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Jan, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Hjertberg, Maria, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, McNish, David, McIntosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantinos, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R. L., Malik, Tom Am, Proctor, Victoria K., Hewage, Kalon, Davies, James, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Parthiban, Sunil, Hall, Nigel J., Wright, Naomi J., Major, Christina P., Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G. N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, McDonald, Rosie, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. 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Abstract: Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally. Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed. Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
Published: 2016
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35. Industrial Robot Control using GSM network

Author: Awad, Samir Ahmed, Merghani, Moutaman, Awad, Samir Ahmed, and Merghani, Moutaman
Abstract: Controlling devices was one of the important fields, led by robots to do the dangerous, precise and even boring work, the embedded systems study had the main role and contribution in making such control convenient, as it acquire measures, process readings and control actuator. The suggested solution was to control using three modes as well as approaching the problem without using PC as processing and conditioning unit, also to overcome the limitation of AVR atmega32 peripherals that can control only two servo motors, this limit has been overcome by the SPI network of microcontrollers. Results were good as it is functional but with some findings like rounds up some values led to loose of fraction in the moment of sending degree to the slave micro, and there were proposed solution which was to send the value in two cycles, also putting the three modes in one program were not possible because of the blocking statement in the GSM mode.
Published: 2014

36. Industrial Robot Control using GSM network

Author: Awad, Samir Ahmed, Merghani, Moutaman, Awad, Samir Ahmed, and Merghani, Moutaman
Abstract: Controlling devices was one of the important fields, led by robots to do the dangerous, precise and even boring work, the embedded systems study had the main role and contribution in making such control convenient, as it acquire measures, process readings and control actuator. The suggested solution was to control using three modes as well as approaching the problem without using PC as processing and conditioning unit, also to overcome the limitation of AVR atmega32 peripherals that can control only two servo motors, this limit has been overcome by the SPI network of microcontrollers. Results were good as it is functional but with some findings like rounds up some values led to loose of fraction in the moment of sending degree to the slave micro, and there were proposed solution which was to send the value in two cycles, also putting the three modes in one program were not possible because of the blocking statement in the GSM mode.
Published: 2014

37. Industrial Robot Control using GSM network

Author: Awad, Samir Ahmed, Merghani, Moutaman, Awad, Samir Ahmed, and Merghani, Moutaman
Abstract: Controlling devices was one of the important fields, led by robots to do the dangerous, precise and even boring work, the embedded systems study had the main role and contribution in making such control convenient, as it acquire measures, process readings and control actuator. The suggested solution was to control using three modes as well as approaching the problem without using PC as processing and conditioning unit, also to overcome the limitation of AVR atmega32 peripherals that can control only two servo motors, this limit has been overcome by the SPI network of microcontrollers. Results were good as it is functional but with some findings like rounds up some values led to loose of fraction in the moment of sending degree to the slave micro, and there were proposed solution which was to send the value in two cycles, also putting the three modes in one program were not possible because of the blocking statement in the GSM mode.
Published: 2014

38. Cinnamon Extract Regulates Gene Expression of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Author: Mohamed Mohamed Soliman, Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed, Samir Ahmed El-Shazly, Mohamed Mohamed Soliman, Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed, and Samir Ahmed El-Shazly
Abstract: Cinnamon is a herbal medication plant used widely for many diseases in the Middle East and ancient countries. Cinnamon Extract (CE) contains many active substances that modulate insulin sensitivity and acts as anti-diabetic medication. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by disturbance in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Cinnamon Extract (CE, 200 mg kg-1 body weight) on genes expression of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Administration of CE to STZ diabetic rats for 2 months normalized TG, cholesterol, VLDL, HDL and glucose levels. CE administration increased FAS and STREB-1c gene expressions that were inhibited in diabetic rats. Moreover, CE inhibited significantly the increase in LPL, HSL and resistin expression. In parallel, CE increased the expression of PPECK and GLUT2 and inhibited the decrement in IGF and PK expression. In conclusion, CE regulates the expression of genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in a way to control the metabolic disorders occur during diabetes.
Published: 2013

39. El psicoanálisis y la pasión: La posición del sujeto

Author: Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Mejía Mejía, Alejandra, Rivera, Gloria, Martínez Acebedo, Daniel, Fernández Jaramillo, Luz I., Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Mejía Mejía, Alejandra, Rivera, Gloria, Martínez Acebedo, Daniel, and Fernández Jaramillo, Luz I.
Abstract: El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación de carácter conceptual, desde la perspectiva psicoanalítica, para mostrar cómo en la concepción de la enfermedad mental, Freud introduce la dimensión del sujeto en lo concerniente a la pulsión-pasión en la conformación de la neurosis. Freud, de formación médico-psiquiátrica, recibe de su tradición algunas concepciones etiológicas de la enfermedad en dos vías principales: La concepción de la enfermedad por vía de los accidentes externos e internos y por una concepción hereditaria o predisponente de la enfermedad, de la cual Freud toma distancia para pensar la enfermedad mental como realidad psíquica, introduciendo allí la responsabilidad del sujeto de su propio malestar, en tanto producto de conflictos que se generan en relación con la pulsión –pasión en el orden de lo sexual.
Published: 2009

40. La dimensión del Pathos en la Filosofía y en la Psiquiatria clásica

Author: Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Mejía Mejía, Alejandra, Rivera, Gloria, Martínez Acebedo, Daniel, Fernández Jaramillo, Luz I., Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Mejía Mejía, Alejandra, Rivera, Gloria, Martínez Acebedo, Daniel, and Fernández Jaramillo, Luz I.
Abstract: El presente artículo, es el resultado de una investigación de carácter conceptual, desde las perspectivas de la Filosofía y la Psiquiatría clásica, que hacen un recorrido por la enfermedad observando la variación que se tiene de la concepción del pathos, incluida en la línea de investigación: Subjetividad y Salud Mental, perteneciente al Grupo de Investigación en Psicología Sujeto, Sociedad y Trabajo, de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín. El artículo tiene como objetivo rastrear el concepto del pathos en el mundo antiguo, en relación con la dimensión ética en tanto physis, en la Edad Media, donde se piensa a través de una concepción teológica del mundo, y en la Modernidad, donde el pathos se transforma en enfermedad mental a partir de la concepción científica
Published: 2007

41. El discurso de la ciencia y el sujeto del psicoanálisis

Author: Ortega Figueroa, Juliana María, Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed, Ortega Figueroa, Juliana María, and Dasuky Quiceno, Samir Ahmed
Abstract: La ciencia moderna se constituye a partir del sujeto moderno cartesiano, que se convierte en el garante de la verdad sacrificando la subjetividad como posibilidad de un conocimiento universal y objetivo.Es condición, entonces, la forclusión del sujeto para la formalización de la verdad en la ciencia y es justamente allí que el psicoanálisis le quiere dar un lugar al sujeto, no solo en la ciencia, sino en tanto ser hablante y deseante que sufre y padece del inconsciente.
Published: 2004

42. Differential effect of the combination of Kit^W or Kit^<W-v> mutant Allele and the Kit^S allele derived from Mus spretus on male hybrid sterility

Author: Samir Ahmed Mohamed El-Shazly and Samir Ahmed Mohamed El-Shazly
Published: 2002

43. Differential effect of the combination of Kit^W or Kit^<W-v> mutant Allele and the Kit^S allele derived from Mus spretus on male hybrid sterility

Author: Samir Ahmed Mohamed El-Shazly and Samir Ahmed Mohamed El-Shazly
Published: 2002

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