Search

A 2-year-old bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), was admitted to the Clinic due to interrupted oviposition. The lizard had laid 1 egg with an insufficiently calcified eggshell 4 days before admission. The lizard was lethargic, without appetite and had been digging the substrate inside the terrarium. During the clinical examination, hard consistency formations were palpable in the coelom. Ultrasound and X-ray findings confirmed the presence of 14 calcified eggs in the coelom cavity. The diagnosis suggested postovulatory dystocia. Therapy included rehydration of the patient and induction of oviposition. Two doses of calcium borogluconate were administrated i/m (35 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg after 30 minutes) and oxytocin (5 IU) was also given intramuscularly. Within the next 20 hours the patient laid 14 calcified eggs. On X-ray follow up 24 hours after therapy, no retained eggs were observed so the animal was released from the Clinic. The owners were advised that the current diet should be supplemented with calcium and phosphorus in the prescribed daily dose, to prevent future dystocia. On the next oviposition the animal successfully laid 38 calcified eggs. This case report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of dystocia and a therapeutic protocol for induction of oviposition in a bearded dragon. The described hormonal protocol is important due to the fact that the oxytocin causes induction of the oviposition more than 72 hours from commencing the oviposition which is different from the findings of other authors who reported that its effect only lasts up to 72 hours.

The aim of this study was to determine serum lipid values and parameters of oxidative stress in blood and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Staphylococcus aureus and to establish association between these parameters. The study was performed on total of 104 cows assigned into control group of healthy animals (n = 12) and two groups of cows with SCM, either SCM1 group (n = 37) with < 1000 CFU/mL of S. aureus or SCM2 group (n = 55) with >= 1000 CFU/mL of causative agent in milk. Significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in SCM2 group and higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both SCM groups were recorded. Significantly lower paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and higher lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) concentration in blood and milk were recorded in both groups of SCM cows vs control. In blood serum of cows from SCM2 group significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly lower total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were obtained. In milk serum of SCM cows were detected significantly higher concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, but significantly lower TAC vs control. There was a significant positive correlation between PON1 in serum with HDL-C, but negative correlation with LDL-C and LOOH. In milk, PON1 negatively correlated with LOOH and somatic cell counts (SCC). Strong positive correlation was obtained between PON1 in blood and milk. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by SCM significantly lowered PON1 activity in blood and milk of affected cows.

The aim of this study was to determine serum lipid values and parameters of oxidative stress in blood and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Staphylococcus aureus and to establish association between these parameters. The study was performed on total of 104 cows assigned into control group of healthy animals (n = 12) and two groups of cows with SCM, either SCM1 group (n = 37) with < 1000 CFU/mL of S. aureus or SCM2 group (n = 55) with >= 1000 CFU/mL of causative agent in milk. Significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in SCM2 group and higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both SCM groups were recorded. Significantly lower paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and higher lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) concentration in blood and milk were recorded in both groups of SCM cows vs control. In blood serum of cows from SCM2 group significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly lower total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were obtained. In milk serum of SCM cows were detected significantly higher concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, but significantly lower TAC vs control. There was a significant positive correlation between PON1 in serum with HDL-C, but negative correlation with LDL-C and LOOH. In milk, PON1 negatively correlated with LOOH and somatic cell counts (SCC). Strong positive correlation was obtained between PON1 in blood and milk. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by SCM significantly lowered PON1 activity in blood and milk of affected cows.

The aim of this study was to determine serum lipid values and parameters of oxidative stress in blood and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Staphylococcus aureus and to establish association between these parameters. The study was performed on total of 104 cows assigned into control group of healthy animals (n = 12) and two groups of cows with SCM, either SCM1 group (n = 37) with < 1000 CFU/mL of S. aureus or SCM2 group (n = 55) with >= 1000 CFU/mL of causative agent in milk. Significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in SCM2 group and higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both SCM groups were recorded. Significantly lower paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and higher lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) concentration in blood and milk were recorded in both groups of SCM cows vs control. In blood serum of cows from SCM2 group significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly lower total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were obtained. In milk serum of SCM cows were detected significantly higher concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, but significantly lower TAC vs control. There was a significant positive correlation between PON1 in serum with HDL-C, but negative correlation with LDL-C and LOOH. In milk, PON1 negatively correlated with LOOH and somatic cell counts (SCC). Strong positive correlation was obtained between PON1 in blood and milk. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by SCM significantly lowered PON1 activity in blood and milk of affected cows.

A 2-year-old bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), was admitted to the Clinic due to interrupted oviposition. The lizard had laid 1 egg with an insufficiently calcified eggshell 4 days before admission. The lizard was lethargic, without appetite and had been digging the substrate inside the terrarium. During the clinical examination, hard consistency formations were palpable in the coelom. Ultrasound and X-ray findings confirmed the presence of 14 calcified eggs in the coelom cavity. The diagnosis suggested postovulatory dystocia. Therapy included rehydration of the patient and induction of oviposition. Two doses of calcium borogluconate were administrated i/m (35 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg after 30 minutes) and oxytocin (5 IU) was also given intramuscularly. Within the next 20 hours the patient laid 14 calcified eggs. On X-ray follow up 24 hours after therapy, no retained eggs were observed so the animal was released from the Clinic. The owners were advised that the current diet should be supplemented with calcium and phosphorus in the prescribed daily dose, to prevent future dystocia. On the next oviposition the animal successfully laid 38 calcified eggs. This case report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of dystocia and a therapeutic protocol for induction of oviposition in a bearded dragon. The described hormonal protocol is important due to the fact that the oxytocin causes induction of the oviposition more than 72 hours from commencing the oviposition which is different from the findings of other authors who reported that its effect only lasts up to 72 hours.