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Background: The adult reading history questionnaire (ARHQ) is frequently used in research on adult dyslexia and family risk for dyslexia. However, this measure is lengthy (23 items), reducing its applicability in studies with extensive assessment batteries. Methods: We identified the best-performing ARHQ items in a sample of 396 Finnish adults using exploratory factor analysis and item response theory. Consequently, we validated the brief questionnaire in independent Finnish and Dutch samples by comparing its performance with that of the complete questionnaire. We also evaluated how the scores on the questionnaires related to the scores on direct adult reading assessments in the Finnish samples. Finally, we tested how predictive parental questionnaires were of children's skills in the Dutch and one of the Finnish samples. Results: Five items were selected to construct the short version of ARHQ. All of them relate to childhood/adolescent reading difficulties rather than current adult skills. The scores of the complete ARHQ significantly correlated with those of the abbreviated version in all samples. Moreover, in one of the samples, direct reading assessment scores had a stronger correlation with the short ARHQ than with the full version. Additionally, across all three samples parental scores on the short ARHQ were at least as predictive of children's reading skills as the complete ARHQ. Conclusions: The short ARHQ proved to be on a par with the complete version in its usefulness for identifying adults with dyslexia. Future research should investigate whether the five selected items can effectively serve as a brief screening measure for adults with dyslexia in languages other than Finnish and Dutch.

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p-FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status. These findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in higher-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka mentala egenskaper som behövs för att bli framgångsrik i boxning och hur dessa mentala egenskaper bidrar till att skapa framgång. Syftet undersöktes genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska boxningscoacher via digitala verktyg som Zoom och Microsoft teams. Efter transkribering och tematisk analys av innehållet kunde fem mentala egenskaper identifieras: Mental tuffhet, Kontroll och närvaro, Motivation, Självförtroende samt Reflektion och självmedvetenhet. Analysen av innehållet tydde på att mental tuffhet bidrar med uthållighet och boxarens förmåga att bemöta utmaningar i och utanför boxningsringen. Kontroll och närvaro möjliggör kontroll över boxarens känslor och handlingar som kan resultera i en närvaro och ett fokus under match samt god förberedelseförmåga. Självförtroende gör att boxaren kan lita på sin förmåga och därigenom pressa sig under träning och tävling. Motivation till egen utveckling och framför allt inre motivation skapar bättre förutsättningar för boxarens förbättring. Reflektion och självmedvetenhet kan bidra med långsiktighet genom att sätta dåliga och goda resultat från tävling i rätt perspektiv och skapa ett bättre sinnestillstånd hos boxaren. Avslutningsvis pekade resultatet på att de nämnda mentala egenskaperna behövs för att bli framgångsrik i boxning. Dock behövs ytterligare forskning på grund av ett litet urval för att säkerställa studiens resulta

Background: The prevalence of obesity is already a worldwide health concern. The development of straightforward guidelines regarding the whole available armamentarium (i.e., medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions in conjunction with a guidance program) is paramount to offering the best multimodal approach to patients with obesity. Methods: The International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders-European Chapter (IFSO-EC) identified a panel of experts to develop the present guidelines. The panel formulated a series of clinical questions (based on the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome conceptual framework), which have been voted on and approved. A GRADE methodology will be applied to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations employed to minimize selection and information biases. This approach aims to enhance the reliability and validity of recommendations, promoting greater adherence to the best available evidence. Results: These guidelines are intended for adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 who are candidates for metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). The expert panel responsible for developing these guidelines comprised 25 panelists (92% were bariatric surgeons) and 3 evidence reviewers, with an average age of 50.1 ± 10.2 years. The panel focused on 3 key questions regarding the combined use of structured lifestyle interventions, approved obesity management medications, and endoscopic weight loss procedures with MBS. Conclusions: The complexity of obesity as a chronic disease requires a comprehensive knowledge of all the available and feasible therapeutic options. The IFSO-EC society felt the urgent need to develop methodologically valid guidelines to give a full picture and awareness of the possible surgical and non-surgical therapeutic strategies employed with a multimodal approach.

Background and purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch. For this analysis, safety data are reported for 78 mCRC patients from the CardioSwitch cohort (N = 200). Detailed efficacy and outcomes data were available for 66 mCRC patients. Results: Data for the safety of S-1 in mCRC patients were similar to the original CardioSwitch cohort and that expected for FP-based treatment, with no new concerns. Recurrent cardiotoxicity (all grade 1) with S-1-based treatment occurred in 4/78 (5%) mCRC patients; all were able to complete FP treatment. Median progression-free survival from initiation of S-1-based treatment was 9.0 months and median overall survival 26.7 months. Metastasectomy and/or LAT was performed in 33/66 (50%) patients, and S-1 was successfully used in recommended neoadjuvant/conversion or adjuvant-like combination regimens and schedules as for standard FPs. Interpretation: S-1 is a safe and effective FP alternative when mCRC patients are forced to discontinue 5-FU or capecitabine due to cardiotoxicity and can be safely used in the standard recommended regimens, settings, and schedules.

The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input., CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by the project GREEN-BAT [26081094, 2022–2025], under theframework of M-ERA.Net. Authors would like to Thank Academy of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 fromthe European Commission and the respective national/regional financier. The Swedish segment ofthis research conducted at University West, Sweden has been made possible by funding received fromthe following projects: (a) a proof-of-concept project NovelCABs supported by Energimyndigheten,the Swedish Energy Agency, Dnr 2021-002227 and (b) a trans-national M-ERA.NET 3 project GreenBAT with support from the European Commission and the respective national/regional financierswith Vinnova (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) being the national financierfor Swedish participation

Background: Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level. Genes for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes cI-cV were knocked down in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, targeting the two main immune tissues, the fat body and the immune cells (hemocytes). Results: While OXPHOS perturbation in the fat body was detrimental, hemocyte-specific perturbation led to an enhanced immunocompetence. This was accompanied by the formation of melanized hemocyte aggregates (melanotic nodules), a sign of activation of cell-mediated innate immunity. Furthermore, the hemocyte-specific OXPHOS perturbation induced immune activation of hemocytes, resulting in an infection-like hemocyte profile and an enhanced immune response against parasitoid wasp infection. In addition, OXPHOS perturbation in hemocytes resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulation of genes associated with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Conclusions: Overall, we show that while the effects of mitochondrial perturbation on immune responses are highly tissue-specific, mild mitochondrial dysfunction can be beneficial in immune-challenged individuals and contributes to variation in infection outcomes among individuals.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to men's experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by men's experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of men's higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

Background and purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch. For this analysis, safety data are reported for 78 mCRC patients from the CardioSwitch cohort (N = 200). Detailed efficacy and outcomes data were available for 66 mCRC patients. Results: Data for the safety of S-1 in mCRC patients were similar to the original CardioSwitch cohort and that expected for FP-based treatment, with no new concerns. Recurrent cardiotoxicity (all grade 1) with S-1-based treatment occurred in 4/78 (5%) mCRC patients; all were able to complete FP treatment. Median progression-free survival from initiation of S-1-based treatment was 9.0 months and median overall survival 26.7 months. Metastasectomy and/or LAT was performed in 33/66 (50%) patients, and S-1 was successfully used in recommended neoadjuvant/conversion or adjuvant-like combination regimens and schedules as for standard FPs. Interpretation: S-1 is a safe and effective FP alternative when mCRC patients are forced to discontinue 5-FU or capecitabine due to cardiotoxicity and can be safely used in the standard recommended regimens, settings, and schedules.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to men's experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by men's experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of men's higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

Ferromanganese concretions commonly occur in shallow-water coastal regions worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, they can record information about past and present underwater environments and could be a potential source for critical raw materials. We report on their microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties and link them to their formation mechanisms and environmental significance. Microstructural investigations from nano- and micro-computed tomography, electron microscopy, and micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal diverse growth patterns within concretions of different morphologies. Alternating Fe- and Mn-rich growth bands indicate fluctuating redox conditions during formation. Bullet-shaped magnetofossils, produced by magnetotactic bacteria, are present, which suggests the influence of bacterial activity on concretion formation. Spheroidal concretions, which occur in deeper and more tranquil environments, have enhanced microbial biomineralization and magnetofossil preservation. Conversely, crusts and discoidal concretions from shallower and more energetic environments contain fewer magnetofossils and have a greater detrital content. Our results provide insights into concretion formation mechanisms and highlight the importance of diagenetic processes, oxygen availability, and bacterial activity in the Baltic Sea.

Background and purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch. For this analysis, safety data are reported for 78 mCRC patients from the CardioSwitch cohort (N = 200). Detailed efficacy and outcomes data were available for 66 mCRC patients. Results: Data for the safety of S-1 in mCRC patients were similar to the original CardioSwitch cohort and that expected for FP-based treatment, with no new concerns. Recurrent cardiotoxicity (all grade 1) with S-1-based treatment occurred in 4/78 (5%) mCRC patients; all were able to complete FP treatment. Median progression-free survival from initiation of S-1-based treatment was 9.0 months and median overall survival 26.7 months. Metastasectomy and/or LAT was performed in 33/66 (50%) patients, and S-1 was successfully used in recommended neoadjuvant/conversion or adjuvant-like combination regimens and schedules as for standard FPs. Interpretation: S-1 is a safe and effective FP alternative when mCRC patients are forced to discontinue 5-FU or capecitabine due to cardiotoxicity and can be safely used in the standard recommended regimens, settings, and schedules.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to men's experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by men's experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of men's higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input., CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by the project GREEN-BAT [26081094, 2022–2025], under theframework of M-ERA.Net. Authors would like to Thank Academy of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 fromthe European Commission and the respective national/regional financier. The Swedish segment ofthis research conducted at University West, Sweden has been made possible by funding received fromthe following projects: (a) a proof-of-concept project NovelCABs supported by Energimyndigheten,the Swedish Energy Agency, Dnr 2021-002227 and (b) a trans-national M-ERA.NET 3 project GreenBAT with support from the European Commission and the respective national/regional financierswith Vinnova (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) being the national financierfor Swedish participation

Background: Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level. Genes for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes cI-cV were knocked down in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, targeting the two main immune tissues, the fat body and the immune cells (hemocytes). Results: While OXPHOS perturbation in the fat body was detrimental, hemocyte-specific perturbation led to an enhanced immunocompetence. This was accompanied by the formation of melanized hemocyte aggregates (melanotic nodules), a sign of activation of cell-mediated innate immunity. Furthermore, the hemocyte-specific OXPHOS perturbation induced immune activation of hemocytes, resulting in an infection-like hemocyte profile and an enhanced immune response against parasitoid wasp infection. In addition, OXPHOS perturbation in hemocytes resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulation of genes associated with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Conclusions: Overall, we show that while the effects of mitochondrial perturbation on immune responses are highly tissue-specific, mild mitochondrial dysfunction can be beneficial in immune-challenged individuals and contributes to variation in infection outcomes among individuals.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka mentala egenskaper som behövs för att bli framgångsrik i boxning och hur dessa mentala egenskaper bidrar till att skapa framgång. Syftet undersöktes genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska boxningscoacher via digitala verktyg som Zoom och Microsoft teams. Efter transkribering och tematisk analys av innehållet kunde fem mentala egenskaper identifieras: Mental tuffhet, Kontroll och närvaro, Motivation, Självförtroende samt Reflektion och självmedvetenhet. Analysen av innehållet tydde på att mental tuffhet bidrar med uthållighet och boxarens förmåga att bemöta utmaningar i och utanför boxningsringen. Kontroll och närvaro möjliggör kontroll över boxarens känslor och handlingar som kan resultera i en närvaro och ett fokus under match samt god förberedelseförmåga. Självförtroende gör att boxaren kan lita på sin förmåga och därigenom pressa sig under träning och tävling. Motivation till egen utveckling och framför allt inre motivation skapar bättre förutsättningar för boxarens förbättring. Reflektion och självmedvetenhet kan bidra med långsiktighet genom att sätta dåliga och goda resultat från tävling i rätt perspektiv och skapa ett bättre sinnestillstånd hos boxaren. Avslutningsvis pekade resultatet på att de nämnda mentala egenskaperna behövs för att bli framgångsrik i boxning. Dock behövs ytterligare forskning på grund av ett litet urval för att säkerställa studiens resulta

Background and purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch. For this analysis, safety data are reported for 78 mCRC patients from the CardioSwitch cohort (N = 200). Detailed efficacy and outcomes data were available for 66 mCRC patients. Results: Data for the safety of S-1 in mCRC patients were similar to the original CardioSwitch cohort and that expected for FP-based treatment, with no new concerns. Recurrent cardiotoxicity (all grade 1) with S-1-based treatment occurred in 4/78 (5%) mCRC patients; all were able to complete FP treatment. Median progression-free survival from initiation of S-1-based treatment was 9.0 months and median overall survival 26.7 months. Metastasectomy and/or LAT was performed in 33/66 (50%) patients, and S-1 was successfully used in recommended neoadjuvant/conversion or adjuvant-like combination regimens and schedules as for standard FPs. Interpretation: S-1 is a safe and effective FP alternative when mCRC patients are forced to discontinue 5-FU or capecitabine due to cardiotoxicity and can be safely used in the standard recommended regimens, settings, and schedules.

Nordic welfare policies mitigate work-childcare reconciliation; however, they are not enough for mothers working in intensive work cultures. In addition, there are differences among the three Nordic states in both work-family policies and cultural norms as to how they should be used. In this article, we study the resources mothers who work in research, development and innovation (R&D&I) in Finland, Norway and Sweden rely on in their work-childcare reconciliation. Thematic analysis of interviews with 74 professionals resulted in identifying four main resources: father involvement, parental leave system and daycare, flexible working, and grandparent help and networks. Our analysis brings to view the blind spots in work and childcare reconciliation that Nordic care policies and flexible work schemes do not cover in the case of professional R&D&I mothers. We find that the role of fathers is overarching, as it regulates which of the other resources are used and how. We also argue that the role grandparents play as a resource is understudied.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to men's experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by men's experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of men's higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p -FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status. These findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in higher-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.

BRAF-V600E mutation (mt) is a strong negative prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Non-V600Emt, designated atypical BRAFmt (aBRAFmt) are rare, and little is known about their frequency, co-mutations and prognostic and predictive role. These were compared between mutational groups of mCRC patients collected from three Nordic population-based or real-world cohorts. Pathology of aBRAFmt was studied. The study included 1449 mCRC patients with 51 (3%) aBRAFmt, 182 (13%) BRAF-V600Emt, 456 (31%) RAS&BRAF wild-type (wt) and 760 (52%) RASmt tumours. aBRAFmt were seen in 2% of real-world and 4% of population-based cohorts. Twenty-six different aBRAFmt were detected, 11 (22%) class 2 (serrated adenocarcinoma in 2/9 tested), 32 (64%) class 3 (serrated in 15/25) and 4 (8%) unclassified. aBRAFmt patients were predominantly male, had more rectal primaries, less peritoneal metastases, deficient mismatch repair in one (2%), and better survival after metastasectomy (89% 5-year overall survival [OS]-rate) compared with BRAF-V600Emt. aBRAFmt and BRAF-V600Emt had poorer performance status and received fewer treatment lines than RAS&BRAFwt and RASmt. OS among aBRAFmt (median 14.4 months) was longer than for BRAF-V600Emt (11.2 months), but shorter than for RAS&BRAFwt (30.5 months) and RASmt (23.4 months). Addition of bevacizumab trended for better OS for the aBRAFmt. Nine patients with aBRAFmt received cetuximab/panitumumab without response. aBRAFmt represents a distinct subgroup differing from other RAS/BRAF groups, with serrated adenocarcinoma in only half. OS for patients with aBRAFmt tumours was slightly better than for BRAF-V600Emt, but worse than for RASmt and RAS&BRAFwt. aBRAFmt should not be a contraindication for metastasectomy.

The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input., CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by the project GREEN-BAT [26081094, 2022–2025], under theframework of M-ERA.Net. Authors would like to Thank Academy of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 fromthe European Commission and the respective national/regional financier. The Swedish segment ofthis research conducted at University West, Sweden has been made possible by funding received fromthe following projects: (a) a proof-of-concept project NovelCABs supported by Energimyndigheten,the Swedish Energy Agency, Dnr 2021-002227 and (b) a trans-national M-ERA.NET 3 project GreenBAT with support from the European Commission and the respective national/regional financierswith Vinnova (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) being the national financierfor Swedish participation

The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input., CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by the project GREEN-BAT [26081094, 2022–2025], under theframework of M-ERA.Net. Authors would like to Thank Academy of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 fromthe European Commission and the respective national/regional financier. The Swedish segment ofthis research conducted at University West, Sweden has been made possible by funding received fromthe following projects: (a) a proof-of-concept project NovelCABs supported by Energimyndigheten,the Swedish Energy Agency, Dnr 2021-002227 and (b) a trans-national M-ERA.NET 3 project GreenBAT with support from the European Commission and the respective national/regional financierswith Vinnova (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) being the national financierfor Swedish participation

Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour. Rectal faecal samples of manipulators and controls were compared. 16S PCR was used to identify Lactobacillaceae species and 16S amplicon sequencing to determine faecal microbiota composition. Seven culturable Lactobacillaceae species were identified in control pigs and four in manipulator pigs. Manipulators (p = 0.02) and females (p = 0.005) expressed higher Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a significant interaction was seen (sex * status: p = 0.005) with this sex difference being more marked in controls. Females (p = 0.08) and manipulator pigs (p = 0.07) tended to express higher total Lactobacillaceae. A tendency for an interaction was seen in Limosilactobacillus reuteri (sex * status: p = 0.09). Results suggest a link between observed low diversity in Lactobacillaceae and the development of manipulative behaviour.

Background: Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level. Genes for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes cI-cV were knocked down in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, targeting the two main immune tissues, the fat body and the immune cells (hemocytes). Results: While OXPHOS perturbation in the fat body was detrimental, hemocyte-specific perturbation led to an enhanced immunocompetence. This was accompanied by the formation of melanized hemocyte aggregates (melanotic nodules), a sign of activation of cell-mediated innate immunity. Furthermore, the hemocyte-specific OXPHOS perturbation induced immune activation of hemocytes, resulting in an infection-like hemocyte profile and an enhanced immune response against parasitoid wasp infection. In addition, OXPHOS perturbation in hemocytes resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulation of genes associated with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Conclusions: Overall, we show that while the effects of mitochondrial perturbation on immune responses are highly tissue-specific, mild mitochondrial dysfunction can be beneficial in immune-challenged individuals and contributes to variation in infection outcomes among individuals.

The early gut microbiota composition is fundamentally important for piglet health, affecting long-term microbiome development and immunity. In this study, the gut microbiota of postparturient dams was compared with that of their offspring in three Finnish pig farms at three growth phases. The differences in fecal microbiota of three study development groups (Good, Poorly, and PrematureDeath) were analyzed at birth (initial exposure phase), weaning (transitional phase), and before slaughter (stable phase). Dam Lactobacillaceae abundance was lower than in piglets at birth. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus were dominantly expressed in dams and their offspring. Altogether 17 piglets (68%) were identified with Lactobacillaceae at the initial exposure phase, divided unevenly among the development groups: 85% of Good, 37.5% of Poorly, and 75% of PrematureDeath pigs. The development group Good was identified with the highest microbial diversity, whereas the development group PrematureDeath had the lowest diversity. After weaning, the abundance and versatility of Lactobacillaceae in piglets diminished, shifting towards the microbiome of the dam. In conclusion, the fecal microbiota of pigs tends to develop towards a similar alpha and beta diversity despite development group and rearing environment.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact small ruminant health, welfare, and production across farming systems. Rising anthelmintic resistance and regulation of synthetic drug use in organic farming is driving research and development of sustainable alternatives for GIN control. One alternative is the feeding of plants that contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) e.g., proanthocyanidins (PA, syn. condensed tannins) that have shown anthelmintic potential. However, PSMs can potentially impair performance, arising from reduced palatability and thus intake, digestibility or even toxicity effects. In this study, we tested the trade-off between the antiparasitic and anti-nutritional effects of heather consumption by lambs. The impact of additional feeding of a nematophagous fungus (Duddingtonia flagrans) on larval development was also explored. Lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta or uninfected controls, were offered ad libitum heather, or a control chopped hay for 22 days during the infection patent period. Eight days into the patent period, parasitised lambs were supplemented (or remained unsupplemented) with D. flagrans for a 5-day period. Performance and infection metrics were recorded, and polyphenol levels in the heather and control hay were measured to investigate their association with activity. The lambs consumed heather at approximately 20% of their dry matter intake, which was sufficient to exhibit significant anthelmintic effects via a reduction in total egg output (P = 0.007), compared to hay-fed lambs; the magnitude of the reduction over time in heather fed lambs was almost 10-fold compared to control lambs. Negative effects on production were shown, as heather-fed lambs weighed 6% less than hay-fed lambs (P < 0.001), even though dry matter intake (DMI) of heather increased over time. D. flagrans supplementation lowered larval recovery in the faeces of infected lambs by 31.8% (P = 0.003), although no interactions between feeding heather and D.

The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input., CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by the project GREEN-BAT [26081094, 2022–2025], under theframework of M-ERA.Net. Authors would like to Thank Academy of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 fromthe European Commission and the respective national/regional financier. The Swedish segment ofthis research conducted at University West, Sweden has been made possible by funding received fromthe following projects: (a) a proof-of-concept project NovelCABs supported by Energimyndigheten,the Swedish Energy Agency, Dnr 2021-002227 and (b) a trans-national M-ERA.NET 3 project GreenBAT with support from the European Commission and the respective national/regional financierswith Vinnova (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) being the national financierfor Swedish participation

Atmospheric mineral dust is a poorly constrained yet extremely important component of the climate system. Provenance studies from geologic dust archives are crucial to understand the drivers of the dust cycle over long time scales. Our multi-technique provenance analysis of a rare Paleogene (35–27 Ma) eolian dust sequence from Ulantatal, ∼400 km northwest of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), shows that Paleogene dust transporting winds generally varied between northwesterly and westerly, the same as those in the late Neogene-Quaternary bipolar icehouse. We propose that, as today, westerly wind circulation patterns would have been modulated by an Arctic Oscillation (AO)-like situation, and that the warm Eocene favored a long-term negative phase of AO, leading to meridional westerly circulation and the dominance of a northwesterly dust transport pathway. After the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT), long-term positive phase of AO-like conditions initiated, leading to stronger and more zonal westerlies. The Siberian High (SH) also formed or strengthened at the EOT and started to control dust storm activity along the northwesterly transport pathway. We argue that increased Paleogene Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice volume was the ultimate driver of this modern-type dust transport regime in the Ulantatal region, possibly also controlling initial Ulantatal dust sequence formation via the development of the SH and modern-type eolian regime. The similarity between the Ulantatal and late Neogene northern CLP dust provenance signals suggests that the increased NH ice volume, via its control on the northwesterly dust transport, could have promoted increased loess formation also in the late Miocene.

Simple Summary The location of the primary tumor in the right colon, left colon, or rectum affects the efficacy of biological drugs used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but how? We examined how the primary tumor location affects disease characteristics, treatability, quality of life, and outcome in a real-life study population of 1080 Finnish patients in the RAXO study. The primary tumor location correlates with the location of metastases, the frequency of gene mutations, how often metastases can be operated upon, long-term survival after curative surgery or palliative chemotherapy, and the quality of life during the disease trajectory. The primary tumor location is a helpful surrogate for clinicians working with metastatic colorectal cancer patients in estimating the clinical course of the disease. This study cannot identify the reasons for the associations, i.e., whether it is the primary location per se, the different mutations, or other reasons.Abstract The primary tumor location (PTL) is associated with the phenotype, metastatic sites, mutations, and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, but this has mostly been studied according to sidedness (right vs. left sided). We studied right colon vs. left colon vs. rectal PTL in a real-life study population (n = 1080). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed multi-cross-sectionally with QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29, EQ-5D, and 15D. A chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression were used to compare the groups. The PTL was in the right colon in 310 patients (29%), the left colon in 396 patients (37%), and the rectum in 375 patients (35%). The PTL was associated with distinct differences in metastatic sites during the disease trajectory. The resectability, conversion, and resection rates were lowest in the right colon, followed by the rectum, and were highest in the left colon. Overall survival was shortest for right colon compared with left colon or rectal PTL (median 21 vs. 35 vs.

Background: Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level. Genes for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes cI-cV were knocked down in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, targeting the two main immune tissues, the fat body and the immune cells (hemocytes). Results: While OXPHOS perturbation in the fat body was detrimental, hemocyte-specific perturbation led to an enhanced immunocompetence. This was accompanied by the formation of melanized hemocyte aggregates (melanotic nodules), a sign of activation of cell-mediated innate immunity. Furthermore, the hemocyte-specific OXPHOS perturbation induced immune activation of hemocytes, resulting in an infection-like hemocyte profile and an enhanced immune response against parasitoid wasp infection. In addition, OXPHOS perturbation in hemocytes resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulation of genes associated with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Conclusions: Overall, we show that while the effects of mitochondrial perturbation on immune responses are highly tissue-specific, mild mitochondrial dysfunction can be beneficial in immune-challenged individuals and contributes to variation in infection outcomes among individuals.

Background and purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers. The primary endpoint was recurrence of cardiotoxicity after switch. For this analysis, safety data are reported for 78 mCRC patients from the CardioSwitch cohort (N = 200). Detailed efficacy and outcomes data were available for 66 mCRC patients. Results: Data for the safety of S-1 in mCRC patients were similar to the original CardioSwitch cohort and that expected for FP-based treatment, with no new concerns. Recurrent cardiotoxicity (all grade 1) with S-1-based treatment occurred in 4/78 (5%) mCRC patients; all were able to complete FP treatment. Median progression-free survival from initiation of S-1-based treatment was 9.0 months and median overall survival 26.7 months. Metastasectomy and/or LAT was performed in 33/66 (50%) patients, and S-1 was successfully used in recommended neoadjuvant/conversion or adjuvant-like combination regimens and schedules as for standard FPs. Interpretation: S-1 is a safe and effective FP alternative when mCRC patients are forced to discontinue 5-FU or capecitabine due to cardiotoxicity and can be safely used in the standard recommended regimens, settings, and schedules.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to men's experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by men's experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of men's higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact small ruminant health, welfare, and production across farming systems. Rising anthelmintic resistance and regulation of synthetic drug use in organic farming is driving research and development of sustainable alternatives for GIN control. One alternative is the feeding of plants that contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) e.g., proanthocyanidins (PA, syn. condensed tannins) that have shown anthelmintic potential. However, PSMs can potentially impair performance, arising from reduced palatability and thus intake, digestibility or even toxicity effects. In this study, we tested the trade-off between the antiparasitic and anti-nutritional effects of heather consumption by lambs. The impact of additional feeding of a nematophagous fungus (Duddingtonia flagrans) on larval development was also explored. Lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta or uninfected controls, were offered ad libitum heather, or a control chopped hay for 22 days during the infection patent period. Eight days into the patent period, parasitised lambs were supplemented (or remained unsupplemented) with D. flagrans for a 5-day period. Performance and infection metrics were recorded, and polyphenol levels in the heather and control hay were measured to investigate their association with activity. The lambs consumed heather at approximately 20% of their dry matter intake, which was sufficient to exhibit significant anthelmintic effects via a reduction in total egg output (P = 0.007), compared to hay-fed lambs; the magnitude of the reduction over time in heather fed lambs was almost 10-fold compared to control lambs. Negative effects on production were shown, as heather-fed lambs weighed 6% less than hay-fed lambs (P < 0.001), even though dry matter intake (DMI) of heather increased over time. D. flagrans supplementation lowered larval recovery in the faeces of infected lambs by 31.8% (P = 0.003), although no interactions between feeding heather and D.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact small ruminant health, welfare, and production across farming systems. Rising anthelmintic resistance and regulation of synthetic drug use in organic farming is driving research and development of sustainable alternatives for GIN control. One alternative is the feeding of plants that contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) e.g., proanthocyanidins (PA, syn. condensed tannins) that have shown anthelmintic potential. However, PSMs can potentially impair performance, arising from reduced palatability and thus intake, digestibility or even toxicity effects. In this study, we tested the trade-off between the antiparasitic and anti-nutritional effects of heather consumption by lambs. The impact of additional feeding of a nematophagous fungus (Duddingtonia flagrans) on larval development was also explored. Lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta or uninfected controls, were offered ad libitum heather, or a control chopped hay for 22 days during the infection patent period. Eight days into the patent period, parasitised lambs were supplemented (or remained unsupplemented) with D. flagrans for a 5-day period. Performance and infection metrics were recorded, and polyphenol levels in the heather and control hay were measured to investigate their association with activity. The lambs consumed heather at approximately 20% of their dry matter intake, which was sufficient to exhibit significant anthelmintic effects via a reduction in total egg output (P = 0.007), compared to hay-fed lambs; the magnitude of the reduction over time in heather fed lambs was almost 10-fold compared to control lambs. Negative effects on production were shown, as heather-fed lambs weighed 6% less than hay-fed lambs (P < 0.001), even though dry matter intake (DMI) of heather increased over time. D. flagrans supplementation lowered larval recovery in the faeces of infected lambs by 31.8% (P = 0.003), although no interactions between feeding heather and D.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact small ruminant health, welfare, and production across farming systems. Rising anthelmintic resistance and regulation of synthetic drug use in organic farming is driving research and development of sustainable alternatives for GIN control. One alternative is the feeding of plants that contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) e.g., proanthocyanidins (PA, syn. condensed tannins) that have shown anthelmintic potential. However, PSMs can potentially impair performance, arising from reduced palatability and thus intake, digestibility or even toxicity effects. In this study, we tested the trade-off between the antiparasitic and anti-nutritional effects of heather consumption by lambs. The impact of additional feeding of a nematophagous fungus (Duddingtonia flagrans) on larval development was also explored. Lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta or uninfected controls, were offered ad libitum heather, or a control chopped hay for 22 days during the infection patent period. Eight days into the patent period, parasitised lambs were supplemented (or remained unsupplemented) with D. flagrans for a 5-day period. Performance and infection metrics were recorded, and polyphenol levels in the heather and control hay were measured to investigate their association with activity. The lambs consumed heather at approximately 20% of their dry matter intake, which was sufficient to exhibit significant anthelmintic effects via a reduction in total egg output (P = 0.007), compared to hay-fed lambs; the magnitude of the reduction over time in heather fed lambs was almost 10-fold compared to control lambs. Negative effects on production were shown, as heather-fed lambs weighed 6% less than hay-fed lambs (P < 0.001), even though dry matter intake (DMI) of heather increased over time. D. flagrans supplementation lowered larval recovery in the faeces of infected lambs by 31.8% (P = 0.003), although no interactions between feeding heather and D.

Research Findings: This study examined whether teacher-child interaction quality varied as a function of type of activity in toddler classrooms in four European countries (Finland, Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal). It also investigated whether specific activity settings, namely levels of adult involvement, use of whole group, and children’s engagement with materials, explained differences in teacher-child interaction quality across activities. Participants were 129 toddler classrooms and their lead teachers, specifically, 28 in the Netherlands, 40 in Finland, 31 in Portugal, and 30 in Poland. Process quality was measured with the CLASS Toddler (La Paro et al., 2012) and the Activity Setting Measure was used to characterize adult levels of involvement, group organization, and children’s engagement with materials. Findings indicated that there were important variations across activities in all countries. Positive associations were found between higher levels of adult facilitation and both Emotional and Educational Support. Other activity settings partially explained differences across activities in interaction quality, although patterns varied by country. Practice or Policy: CLASS scores were conditional on the content and format of the activities. Greater attention to activity types and settings may be a means to increase the precision of quality assessment.

01 juni 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, To elaborate expert consensus patient pathways to guide patients and physicians toward efficient diagnostics and management of patients with venous malformations. METHODS: VASCERN-VASCA (https://vascern.eu/) is a European network of multidisciplinary centers for Vascular Anomalies. The Nominal Group Technique was used to establish the pathways. Two facilitators were identified: one to propose initial discussion points and draw the pathways, and another to chair the discussion. A dermatologist (AD) was chosen as first facilitator due to her specific clinical and research experience. The draft was subsequently discussed within VASCERN-VASCA monthly virtual meetings and annual face-to-face meetings. RESULTS: The Pathway starts from the clinical suspicion of a venous type malformation (VM) and lists the clinical characteristics to look for to support this suspicion. Strategies for subsequent imaging and histopathology are suggested. These aim to inform on the diagnosis and to separate the patients into 4 subtypes: (1) sporadic single VMs or (2) multifocal, (3) familial, multifocal, and (4) combined and/or syndromic VMs. The management of each type is detailed in subsequent pages of the pathway, which are color coded to identify sections on (1) clinical evaluations, (2) investigations, (3) treatments, and (4) associated genes. Actions relevant to all types are marked in separate boxes, including when imaging is recommended. When definite diagnoses have been reached, the pathway also points toward disease-specific additional investigations and recommendations for follow up. Options for management are discussed for each subtype, including conservative and invasive treatments, as well as novel molecular therapies. CONCLUSION: The collaborative efforts of VASCERN-VASCA, a network of the 9 Expert Centers, has led to a consensus Diagnostic and Management Pathways for VMs to assist clinicians and patients. It also emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary expert centers in the m

This pre-study has aimed to identify options to set up and sustain a Nordic Scaleup Centre (NSC). The study has covered several aspects of the possible establishment of a Nordic Scaleup Centre. These aspects have included a potential scope, focus and objectives of the Centre, its organisational and ownership structure as well as a financing model for both the short-term and long-term period. In addition, a benchmarking analysis of five organisations was conducted to identify lessons and good practices for a Nordic Scaleup Centre.

Tiivistelmä. Tutkielman aiheena on keskustelunanalyysissä esiin nousseet moodit pöytäroolipelipöydän kontekstissa. Aineistona on Oulun videokorpukseen kuuluva Warhammer-roolipeliä käsittelevä videotallenne. Nauhoituksella nuoret aikuiset pelaavat fantasiaroolipeliä, käyskentelevät huoneessa ja juttelevat peliin liittyvistä ja liittymättömistä aiheista. Löydetyt moodit ovat roolipuhe, metapuhe ja pelistä irrallinen puhe. Roolipuhe on eläytyvää, metapuhe eläytymistä tukevaa ja pelistä irrallinen puhe näiden arkinen verrokki, mikä eroaa pelipöydän ulkopuolisesta puheesta vähän, jos lainkaan. Saatujen tulosten lisäksi pohditaan, mitä muita piirteitä roolipuheella voisi olla, joita nauhoituksesta ei ilmennyt.

This study investigates the chemical structure of proanthocyanidin-rich crude extracts from willow bark and these materials were tested initially as adsorbents for artificial (waste)water treatment. The crude extracts were obtained through mild water extraction and the colorant fractions were further chromatographically fractionated to understand the chemical structure of the willow bark proanthocyanidins. The chemistry of crude extracts and purified fractions were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Both NMR (liquid and solid-state) and UPLC-MS/MS suggest that the crude extracts constitute of interflavan linked flavan-3-ols, i.e. proanthocyanidins with both procyanidin (PC)-type and prodelphinidin (PD)-type subunits, with the PC/PD ratio of approximately 2.3–2.5. PD-type proanthocyanidins were detected from the purified colorant fractions only with UPLC-MS/MS. Both the UPLC-MS/MS and size exclusion chromatography suggest that the crude extracts have an average oligomerization degree of roughly 5–6 flavan-3-ol units. Adsorption experiments showed that the activated foams made of crude extracts were effective in removing both zinc and Bisphenol A (BPA) with removal efficiencies of roughly 80–90% and thus these willow bark-derived proanthocyanidins are promising in water treatment. The significance of this study suggests the upgrading use of crude extracts for water treatment could significantly improve the value of willow bark.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to mens experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by mens experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of mens higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

Meso– to Neoproterozoic geological and paleomagnetic data support a direct connection between Baltica and Laurentia in both Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents, however in different relative configurations. Previous paleomagnetic data limit the time of break-up of Nuna core configuration and ca. 90° rotation of Baltica relative to Laurentia between 1.27 Ga and 0.99 Ga. Despite the well documented relative motion of continents, the tectonic mode during the Meso– to Neoproterozoic has been questioned and the operation of single lid tectonics at 1.6–1.0 Ga during the Nuna-Rodinia supercontinent cycles has been proposed. In this study, new paleomagnetic and whole rock 40Ar-39Ar geochronological data from a basic dyke in Stugun central Sweden are combined with coeval data to produce a 1.22 Ga (1.244–1.200 Ga) moderate-quality paleomagnetic pole. This is done to better estimate the break-up time of the core of Nuna and explore the plate tectonics at the Mesoproterozoic. The new pole fills part of the 1.247–1.140 Ga gap in the paleomagnetic record of Baltica. By comparing apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) and calculated drift velocities, a break-up of Baltica and Laurentia at 1.12–1.04 Ga is suggested. Plate velocities calculated for Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia for the time of the Nuna supercycle are similar and low to moderately high corresponding with the present-day tectonic speeds. Furthermore, the obtained velocity peaks may be related with onset of the break-up of the Nuna supercontinent, the break-up of the direct Baltica–Laurentia connection in Nuna and nascent Rodinia. We suggest that the velocity peaks and large oscillating shifts in late Mesoproterozoic pole positions for Laurentia and Baltica result from a combination of relative plate motion and inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW) events. Both IITPW events and relative plate motions argue for an operation of plate tectonics in the Meso– to Neoproterozoic., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-01-03 (joosat);Funder: Academy of Finland;Licens full-text: CC BY License

Meso– to Neoproterozoic geological and paleomagnetic data support a direct connection between Baltica and Laurentia in both Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents, however in different relative configurations. Previous paleomagnetic data limit the time of break-up of Nuna core configuration and ca. 90° rotation of Baltica relative to Laurentia between 1.27 Ga and 0.99 Ga. Despite the well documented relative motion of continents, the tectonic mode during the Meso– to Neoproterozoic has been questioned and the operation of single lid tectonics at 1.6–1.0 Ga during the Nuna-Rodinia supercontinent cycles has been proposed. In this study, new paleomagnetic and whole rock 40Ar-39Ar geochronological data from a basic dyke in Stugun central Sweden are combined with coeval data to produce a 1.22 Ga (1.244–1.200 Ga) moderate-quality paleomagnetic pole. This is done to better estimate the break-up time of the core of Nuna and explore the plate tectonics at the Mesoproterozoic. The new pole fills part of the 1.247–1.140 Ga gap in the paleomagnetic record of Baltica. By comparing apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) and calculated drift velocities, a break-up of Baltica and Laurentia at 1.12–1.04 Ga is suggested. Plate velocities calculated for Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia for the time of the Nuna supercycle are similar and low to moderately high corresponding with the present-day tectonic speeds. Furthermore, the obtained velocity peaks may be related with onset of the break-up of the Nuna supercontinent, the break-up of the direct Baltica–Laurentia connection in Nuna and nascent Rodinia. We suggest that the velocity peaks and large oscillating shifts in late Mesoproterozoic pole positions for Laurentia and Baltica result from a combination of relative plate motion and inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW) events. Both IITPW events and relative plate motions argue for an operation of plate tectonics in the Meso– to Neoproterozoic., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-01-03 (joosat);Funder: Academy of Finland;Licens full-text: CC BY License

Meetings are an integral part of daily business practice and while the intentions of meetings are good, they rarely live up to their full potential. Businesses are realizing the benefits of utilizing their data to make more informed decisions. As the advancements of data technology and the use of Business Intelligence continues to grow, dashboards are becoming increasingly relevant, giving businesses a competitive advantage. Dashboards can assist in making data accessible and comprehensible by summarizing and visualizing key results. Although several studies have covered the use of dashboards, little has been done to investigate dashboards as meeting aids. In pulse methodology a pulse board, which visualizes deviations, is used to support pulse meetings, indicating that visual aid can be beneficial for meeting purposes. The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding regarding how data visualization, specifically dashboards, can be used as meeting support to improve meetings. We investigate the possibilities and challenges of implementing dashboards as visual aid in daily pulse meetings by conducting a qualitative interview study to gather employees’ perspectives on the potential implementation of dashboards. The study was conducted in collaboration with a company in the private sector that practice pulse and Lean methodology. The result suggests that dashboards could be a suitable complement to the pulse board in pulse meetings, as they can improve efficiency in meetings. However, implementation challenges must be addressed, and employee attitudes should be considered. It is of great importance to develop dashboards with the intended user in mind to increase the possibility of a successful implementation.

This study analyses how pay inequality among Swedish municipal employers is justified in their mandatory pay audit reports. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the overarching message that there are no unjust salary differences between women and men, since the differences found have justifiable explanations. Normative critique for reproducing gender salary gaps can be addressed to the reports, since salary differences between individual men and women doing similar work were justified by reference to mens experience or special tasks and the organizational policy of individual salaries. Salary differences between groups of men and women were explained by mens experience and their special and demanding tasks. Market explanations for salary differences were frequently used as a justification of mens higher salaries. The normative critique can be supplemented by an explanatory critique, as overarching societal discourses, such as employers being held responsible for gender pay gaps in the labour market and technical areas having more value than care areas were identified in the texts. We argue that through pay audit reports inequality regimes in regard to pay are discursively reproduced.

This study investigates the influence of geometrical notches on the local (true) stress-strain curves, deformations, and strain hardening behavior of maraging tool steel 18Ni300 processed via the laser powder-bed fusion method as an additive manufacturing approach. For this purpose, five types of specimens with different notch designs were manufactured; these samples were considered to study the effects of the notch stress concentration factor and the notch position on the material's mechanical response against the applied external load. Accordingly, using the digital image correlation technique, true stress-logarithmic strain curves were plotted and compared for various points in the vicinities of the notches while the specimens were subjected to quasi-static tensile loads. Further, the strain (work) hardening behavior of the material at each point was then evaluated and compared with other points by plotting their strain hardening diagrams from the first derivative of the stress-strain curves. The results showed that the strain hardening of the samples increased with the stress concentration factor (notch sharpness) while its ductility decreased accordingly. Furthermore, notch location and shape also showed determining roles in defining the material behavior. Ultimately, higher stress concentrations, internal positioning, and less gradual changes in geometric features (C-shaped notches compared to V-shaped ones) can result in higher defect sensitivity, more decrease in ductility, and more likely catastrophic failures in metals processed by additive manufacturing.