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This article presents a perspective regarding the importance of narratives in education, not only from the point of view of recognizing the structures of language, but also from their possibilities to recognize, interpret, and reconstruct reality. Therefore, this work establishes the capabilities of narration to establish links with students’ individual and social realities by providing sensory and cognitive tools for understanding, as well as their possibilities to promote interaction practices, which, in addition to contributing to linguistic training, are transcendental in teaching and learning processes with regard to reading, writing, and orality. Finally, based on an experimental exercise with the web resource titled Espacio de Lectura, its implications for developing students' linguistic and social skills through the use of multimedia and multimodal tools are described, as well as its potential to rethink the use of the narration in schools and their forms of interaction, En este artículo se presenta una perspectiva acerca de la importancia de las narraciones en la formación escolar, no solo desde el punto de vista del reconocimiento de las estructuras de la lengua, sino de las posibilidades que estas tienen para reconocer, interpretar y reconstruir la realidad. Por ello, se argumenta la capacidad de la narración para establecer vínculos con las realidades individual y social de los estudiantes al proveer herramientas sensoriales y cognitivas para la comprensión del mundo; asimismo, se establecen las posibilidades que tiene la narración para fomentar prácticas de interacción que, además de coadyuvar en la formación lingüística, son trascendentales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lectura, la escritura y la oralidad, Finalmente, a partir de un ejercicio experimental con el recurso web Espacio de Lectura, se describen las implicaciones de este para desarrollar las habilidades lingüísticas y sociales de los estudiantes a partir del uso de herramientas multimediales y multimodales, así como su potencial para repensar el uso de la narración en la escuela y sus formas de interacción

Marta H Hernandez1,2 *, Valentin Bote3 *, Alexandre Serra-LLovich,1 Marc Cendros,1,4 Juliana Salazar,5 Conxita Mestres,2 Silvina Guijarro,3 Aida Alvarez,3 Cristina Lamborena,3 Iria Mendez,3 Bernardo Sanchez,3 Amaia Hervas,3 Maria J Arranz1,2 1Research Laboratory Unit, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; 2School of Health Sciences Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain; 3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; 4EUGENOMIC Genómica y Farmacogenética, Barcelona, Spain; 5Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Maria J Arranz, Research Laboratory Unit, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, c/Sant Antoni, 19, Terrassa, 08221, Spain, Tel +34 937 36 50 50, Fax +34 93 736 50 21, Email mjarranz@mutuaterrassa.esPurpose: Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) children and adolescents usually present comorbidities, with 40– 70% of them affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). The first option of pharmacological treatment for these patients is methylphenidate (MPH). ASD children present more side effects and poorer responses to MPH than ADHD children. The objective of our study is to identify genetic biomarkers of response to MPH in ASD children and adolescents to improve its efficacy and safety.Patients and Methods: A retrospective study with a total of 140 ASD children and adolescents on MPH treatment was included. Fifteen polymorphisms within genes coding for the MPH target NET1 (SLC6A2) and for its primary metabolic pathway (CES1) were genotyped. Multivariate analyses including response phenotypes (efficacy, side-effects, presence of somnolence, irritability, mood alterations, aggressivity, shutdown, other side-effects) were performed for every polymorphism and haplotype.Results: Single

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of cancer, especially gastrointestinal tumors and breast cancer, but their administration can produce serious and even lethal toxicity. This toxicity is often related to the partial or complete deficiency of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme, which causes a reduction in clearance and a longer half-life of 5-FU. It is advisable to determine if a DPD deficiency exists before administering these drugs by genotyping DPYD gene polymorphisms. The objective of this consensus of experts, in which representatives from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology participated, is to establish clear recommendations for the implementation of genotype and/or phenotype testing for DPD deficiency in patients who are candidates to receive fluoropyrimidines. The genotyping of DPYD previous to treatment classifies individuals as normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers. Normal metabolizers do not require changes in the initial dose, intermediate metabolizers should start treatment with fluoropyrimidines at doses reduced to 50%, and poor metabolizers are contraindicated for fluoropyrimidines.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, more common in females than in males and with notable differences in presentation between genders. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may modulate gene × environment interactions and impact on neurodevelopment. We conducted an epigenome wide study (Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450k beadchip) in a group of BPD patients with (N = 49) and without (N = 47) childhood traumas and in a control group (N = 44). Results were confirmed in a replication cohort (N = 293 BPD patients and N = 114 controls) using EpiTYPER assays. Differentially methylated CpG sites were observed in several genes and intragenic regions in the X chromosome (PQBP1, ZNF41, RPL10, cg07810091 and cg24395855) and in chromosome 6 (TAP2). BPD patients showed significantly lower methylation levels in these CpG sites than healthy controls. These differences seemed to be increased by the existence of childhood trauma. Comparisons between BPD patients with childhood trauma and patients and controls without revealed significant differences in four genes (POU5F1, GGT6, TNFRSF13C and FAM113B), none of them in the X chromosome. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that epigenetic alterations were more frequently found in genes controlling oestrogen regulation, neurogenesis and cell differentiation. These results suggest that epigenetic alterations in the X chromosome and oestrogen-regulation genes may contribute to the development of BPD and explain the differences in presentation between genders. Furthermore, childhood trauma events may modulate the magnitude of the epigenetic alterations contributing to BPD.

En el presente estudio se analizó el comportamiento de las cinco criptomonedas más importantes y su ascenso en la economía mundial, con el fin de determinar si son una inversión fiable para los diferentes agentes del mercado. Para ello, se realizó en primer lugar, una revisión de la literatura de fuentes secundarias sobre las criptomonedas en general para comprender por qué fueron creadas, su trayectoria a través de los años, la adopción que han tenido por parte de varios sectores y la postura de algunos autores frente a este nuevo fenómeno. Posteriormente se describió la estructura y el funcionamiento de cinco de las criptomonedas con mayor capitalización de mercado que fueron seleccionadas durante el periodo comprendido entre 31/03/2017 y 01/04/2021; Luego, con el fin de examinar una posible influencia de algunas variables externas sobre la rentabilidad y volatilidad de las monedas escogidas, se emplearon los modelos ARMAX y ADL para comprobar si realmente existía una relación; Finalmente, se estimó el índice de Sharpe para evaluar la relación rentabilidad-retorno de estas y los resultados se compararon con los de otros activos tradicionales e indicadores que normalmente se toman como referencia en el mundo financiero. Los resultados arrojados por ambos modelos mostraron que la volatilidad y los retornos de las criptomonedas seleccionadas no se encuentran condicionados por variables como el Índice de Incertidumbre Política de Estados Unidos o el MSCI de Mercados Emergentes, entre otros, y que la relación rentabilidad-retorno de las dos criptomonedas con mayor capitalización de mercado han llegado a superar al de commodities comúnmente utilizados como activos de refugio como el oro e índices de referencia como el S&P500 y el MSCI.

The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is involved in hepatic and intestinal apoB secretion. We studied the effect of the functional MTP-493G/T polymorphism on fasting and postprandial lipoproteins in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) before and after treatment with atorvastatin.Eight FCH heterozygote carriers of the rare -493T allele were compared to 9 matched FCH homozygotes for the wild-type allele in a pilot study. Oral fat loading tests were carried out to measure triglycerides (TG) and apo B48 and B100 in the different fractions of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) before and after treatment with atorvastatin.Before treatment, TG were similar between the -493T allele carriers and non-carriers. In the T-allele carriers, a trend was observed for increased postprandial apo B48 and B100 concentrations in Sf >400 and Sf 60-400 compared to non-carriers. After treatment, fasting and postprandial TG were significantly lowered in carriers of the T allele, but atorvastatin had no effect on postprandial TG in non-carriers. Atorvastatin resulted in similar reductions of apo B48 and B100 in TRLs in both groups.The MTP-493G/T polymorphism modulates postprandial apo B48 and apo B100 of TRLs in FCH. Atorvastatin decreases postprandial TG in T-allele carriers with FCH.Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Altres ajuts: Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención del SIDA en España (FIPSE 36610, 36572/06); Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS RD12/0017/0005, RD12/0017/0014)., To assess in a cohort of Caucasian patients exposed to stavudine (d4T) the association of polymorphisms in pyrimidine pathway enzymes and HLA-B*40∶01 carriage with HIV/Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). Three-hundred and thirty-six patients, 187 with HALS and 149 without HALS, and 72 uninfected subjects were recruited. The diagnosis of HALS was performed following the criteria of the Lipodystrophy Severity Grading Scale. Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes were determined by direct sequencing, HLA-B genotyping by PCR-SSOr Luminex Technology, and intracellular levels of stavudine triphosphate (d4T-TP) by a LC-MS/MS assay method. HALS was associated with the presence of a low expression TS genotype polymorphism (64.7% vs. 42.9%, OR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.53-3.88, P<0.0001). MTHFR gene polymorphisms and HLA-B*40∶01 carriage were not associated with HALS or d4T-TP intracellular levels. Low and high expression TS polymorphisms had different d4T-TP intracellular levels (25.60 vs. 13.60 fmol/10 6 cells, P<0.0001). Independent factors associated with HALS were(OR [95%CI]: (a) Combined TS and MTHFR genotypes (p = 0.006, reference category (ref.): 'A+A'; OR for 'A+B' vs. ref.: 1.39 [0.69-2.80]; OR for 'B+A' vs. ref.: 2.16 [1.22-3.83]; OR for 'B+B' vs. ref.: 3.13, 95%CI: 1.54-6.35), (b) maximum viral load ≥5 log10 (OR: 2.55, 95%CI: 1.56-4.14, P = 0.001), (c) use of EFV (1.10 [1.00-1.21], P = 0.008, per year of use). HALS is associated with combined low-expression TS and MTHFR associated with high activity polymorphisms but not with HLA-B*40∶01 carriage in Caucasian patients with long-term exposure to stavudine.

Altres ajuts: Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS 02/1280, 05/1591, 07/0976, 08/00256), Fundación para la Prevención del SIDA en España (FIPSE 36610, 36572/06), and Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS RD06/006/0022), Low expression thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphism has been associated with increased stavudine triphosphate intracellular (d4T-TP) levels and the lipodystrophy syndrome. The use of d4T has been associated with acute pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy. However, no relationship has ever been proved between TS polymorphisms and pancreatitis and/or peripheral neuropathy. We performed a case-control study to assess the relationship of TS and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with acute pancreatitis and/or peripheral neuropathy in patients exposed to d4T. Student's t test, Pearson's correlations, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and stepwise logistic regression analyses were done. Forty-three cases and 129 controls were studied. Eight patients (18.6%) had acute pancreatitis, and 35 (81.4%) had peripheral neuropathy. Prior AIDS was more frequent in cases than in controls (OR = 2.36; 95%CI 1.10-5.07, P = 0.0247). L7ow expression TS and MTHFR genotype associated with increased activity were more frequent in patients with acute pancreatitis and/or peripheral neuropathy than in controls (72.1% vs. 46.5%, OR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.33-6.90, P = 0.0062, and 79.1% vs. 56.6%, OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.23-7.41, P = 0.0142, respectively). Independent positive or negative predictors for the development of d4T-associated pancreatitis and/or peripheral neuropathy were: combined TS and MTHFR genotypes (reference: A+A; P = 0.002; OR = 0.34 [95%CI: 0.08 to 1.44], OR = 3.38 [95%CI: 1.33 to 8.57], OR = 1.13 [95%CI: 0.34 to 3.71]), nadir CD4 cell count >200 cells/mm 3 (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.17-0.86, P = 0.021), and HALS (OR = 0.39 95%CI: 0.18-0.85, P = 0.018). Low expression TS plus a MTHFR genotype associated with increased activity is associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy in d4T-exposed patients.

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La región sur del Cáucaso está formada por las repúblicas independientes de Georgia, Armenia y Azerbaiyán. Desde 1991, el territorio se ha presentado como uno de los escenarios con mayor inestabilidad y volatilidad dentro del Sistema Internacional. Según Nation, la fragilidad en las estructuras estatales, la poca institucionalidad y una serie de conflictos "congelados”, hacen del Cáucaso un "caos político”. Estas Circunstancias, sumadas a las importantes reservas de hidrocarburos en el mar Caspio y la posición privilegiada de la región como corredor entre Asia y Europa, le han posicionado como una zona estratégica donde convergen los intereses de grandes potencias (Nation, 2007). El descubrimiento de hidrocarburos en la base del Mar Caspio, tornó inevitablemente las miradas de Turquía y Estados Unidos hacia el Cáucaso. Desde entonces, la competencia entre Washington, Ankara y Moscú ha sido incesante. El territorio se ha convertido en una pieza clave del ajedrez geopolítico, “el gran juego” no da espera, y la carrera por quien logre posicionarse en la región continúa a paso vertiginoso. Así las cosas, el siguiente trabajo analiza el escenario del Cáucaso y el rol de Rusia en el territorio desde la perspectiva teórica de los Complejos Regionales de Seguridad. A su vez, el Realismo Estructural Ofensivo servirá como herramienta para explicar la política exterior de Putin en Georgia, Armenia y Azerbaiyán. En conjunto, las dos teorías permitirán un análisis detallado sobre las dinámicas de seguridad regional y los beneficios que traería para los intereses rusos, securitizar los conflictos hasta ahora congelados.

"@somosnuevoazul" es una plataforma digital en Instagram, cuyo objetivo es acercarse al deporte femenino, con perspectiva de género, para resaltar la situación de las mujeres en el ámbito deportivo. Es un medio de comunicación en Instagram que busca promover el consumo de deportes desempeñados por mujeres y brindar un espacio de nicho, para quienes se interesen en este tipo de contenido. “Espectar” y practicar deportes es de gran impacto social. Un proyecto como este que promueve y cubre el deporte, practicado por mujeres, será un peldaño más a la construcción de país, oportunidad y equidad. El trabajo aporta al campo del periodismo deportivo, considerando que las mujeres pueden ser grandes deportistas y conformar una audiencia significativa, más allá de los estereotipos patriarcales, aún recurrentes en la sociedad.