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In this study, landslide susceptibility analysis were undertaken in the Astore region, Pakistan. The Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were used along with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to find out the landslide susceptibility of the region. The Astore, lying in the Himalayan mountains, experiences frequent landslides due to several triggering factors. Factors including slope, lithology, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, stream power index (SPI), distance from drainage, land use land cover (LULC) and soil were used. Each factor was processed in the GIS environment and weighted through the AHP technique. AHP weights were derived with a consistency ratio of 0.06. Finally, the five zones, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high are respectively covering 20.5% (28.98 km2), 33.1% (46.78 km2), 30.6% (43.26 km2), 10.8% (15.28 km2), and 4.9% (6.92 km2). Slope, lithology and LULC were the most important factors in triggering landslides.

In this study, landslide susceptibility analysis were undertaken in the Astore region, Pakistan. The Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were used along with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to find out the landslide susceptibility of the region. The Astore, lying in the Himalayan mountains, experiences frequent landslides due to several triggering factors. Factors including slope, lithology, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, stream power index (SPI), distance from drainage, land use land cover (LULC) and soil were used. Each factor was processed in the GIS environment and weighted through the AHP technique. AHP weights were derived with a consistency ratio of 0.06. Finally, the five zones, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high are respectively covering 20.5% (28.98 km2), 33.1% (46.78 km2), 30.6% (43.26 km2), 10.8% (15.28 km2), and 4.9% (6.92 km2). Slope, lithology and LULC were the most important factors in triggering landslides.

This paper proposes the multipurpose, wirelessly controlled UGV which can move across the surface, detect objects and classify them. It can also monitor and inspect object under interest, if detects any undesirable condition then inform corresponding authority for further immediate actions. The Mini Rover is a programmable machine with built in capability of executing certain set of predefined actions automatically. It can interact and get perception of environment via certain set of sensors and actuators. UGV will be able to go to places that human cannot reach for the sack of exploration and observation without an onboard human presence. UGVs are used for the purpose of search and rescue, security and surveillance, terrain and forest monitoring because it is inconvenient, inefficient, dangerous, and sometimes impossible to have a human operator present in such environments. Major problems faced by UGV in natural terrain environment are reliable sensing, route finding, and object detection and identification. We combine a set of sensors and image processing techniques to counter these problems by getting a more extensive perception of the environment.

This paper proposes the multipurpose, wirelessly controlled UGV which can move across the surface, detect objects and classify them. It can also monitor and inspect object under interest, if detects any undesirable condition then inform corresponding authority for further immediate actions. The Mini Rover is a programmable machine with built in capability of executing certain set of predefined actions automatically. It can interact and get perception of environment via certain set of sensors and actuators. UGV will be able to go to places that human cannot reach for the sack of exploration and observation without an onboard human presence. UGVs are used for the purpose of search and rescue, security and surveillance, terrain and forest monitoring because it is inconvenient, inefficient, dangerous, and sometimes impossible to have a human operator present in such environments. Major problems faced by UGV in natural terrain environment are reliable sensing, route finding, and object detection and identification. We combine a set of sensors and image processing techniques to counter these problems by getting a more extensive perception of the environment.

This paper proposes the multipurpose, wirelessly controlled UGV which can move across the surface, detect objects and classify them. It can also monitor and inspect object under interest, if detects any undesirable condition then inform corresponding authority for further immediate actions. The Mini Rover is a programmable machine with built in capability of executing certain set of predefined actions automatically. It can interact and get perception of environment via certain set of sensors and actuators. UGV will be able to go to places that human cannot reach for the sack of exploration and observation without an onboard human presence. UGVs are used for the purpose of search and rescue, security and surveillance, terrain and forest monitoring because it is inconvenient, inefficient, dangerous, and sometimes impossible to have a human operator present in such environments. Major problems faced by UGV in natural terrain environment are reliable sensing, route finding, and object detection and identification. We combine a set of sensors and image processing techniques to counter these problems by getting a more extensive perception of the environment.

The current study aims to investigate the relationship of overconfidence bias, loss aversion bias, self-serving bias and anchoring bias with working capital management. The study used questionnaire and acquired primary data from the companies of manufacturing sector of Pakistan, are selected as sample of the study. The study used connivance sampling technique for data acquisition. Moreover, descriptive statistics are applied by using item wise technique and non-parametric techniques are also applied that supported results with historic investigations and have found significant relationship of biases with working capital management.

A new laboratory for highly charged ions is being built up at Stockholm University. A fully refrigerated electron beam ion trap (R-EBIT, 3 T magnet, 30 keV electron energy) was installed. It was used for spectroscopic studies, ion cooling experiments, electron ion collisions, and highly-charged ion surface studies. Here we report on an upgrade of this EBIT to a ``Super EBIT'' (S-EBIT, 4 T magnet, 260 keV electron energy). The high-voltage trapping system, the ion injection as well as the extraction scheme of S-EBIT and the LabView based operational system of S-EBIT are described.

A new laboratory for highly charged ions is being built up at Stockholm University. A fully refrigerated electron beam ion trap (R-EBIT, 3 T magnet, 30 keV electron energy) was installed. It was used for spectroscopic studies, ion cooling experiments, electron ion collisions, and highly-charged ion surface studies. Here we report on an upgrade of this EBIT to a ``Super EBIT'' (S-EBIT, 4 T magnet, 260 keV electron energy). The high-voltage trapping system, the ion injection as well as the extraction scheme of S-EBIT and the LabView based operational system of S-EBIT are described.

Staff members of English Department, FC College Lahore.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal noṭs - Murāsalāt : zindah k̲h̲at̤ut̤ kī z̤arūrat by ʻInāyatullāh Nāṣir - Musalmān Masīḥīyūn̲ kī hamdardī by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Berang Hā’ī skūl Baṭālah by Vāris̲uddīn - Nashnal kāngres va panjābī Masīḥī - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Rūʼedād jalsah maunspal kameṭī Ludhiyānah - Shiʻr o suḵẖan : g̲h̲azal [Poetry] This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal - Murāsalāt : risālah Berang Hā’ī skūl karānikal by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Murāsalāt : z̲arā aīk naẓar se is ko bhī dekhen̲ - Agar tum marne tak īmāndār rahe to main̲ tujh ko zindagī kā tāj don̲ gā - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Rūʼedād jalsah maʻmūlī maunspal kameṭī Ludhiyānah This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal - Murāsalāt : Nīṭu Kriscan baṛe din kī chuṭṭī by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Ḥaqānī desī gāne bajāne kī taʻlīm ke liʼe ʻumdah bāje muft lo by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Manqūlāt : Muḥammadī Inglistān men̲ - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Sarkārī k̲h̲abrain̲ - G̲h̲azal [Poetry] This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal noṭs - Murāsalāt : taqīḥ mubāḥis̲ah masʼalah nijāt - Nīṭu Kriscan musalmān masīḥīyun̲ kī hamdardī - Riporṭ Sosā’iṭī : taraqqī k̲h̲avāh-i taʻlīm o tarbīyat-i Masīḥiyān Hind by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Rūʼedād jalsah maunspal kameṭī Ludhiyānah This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal noṭs - Murāsalāt : taqīḥ mubāḥis̲ah masʼalah nijāt by Ṭhākur Dās, Jī. El. - Riporṭ Sosā’iṭī : taraqqī k̲h̲avāh-i taʻlīm o tarbīyat-i Masīḥiyān Hind by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Z̲āt kā bandhan - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Rūʼedād jalsah maunspal kameṭī Ludhiyānah This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Āriyah gazaṭ Fīrozpūr kā ṣarīḥ jhuṭ - Murāsalāt : Manshūr-i Muḥammadī kā dubārah muntashir honā by Ḥanīf, Em. - Pādrī Jī. El. Ṭhākur Dās aur Lāhūrī dīvdharam by Ṭhākur Dās, Jī. El. - Īmīṭeshan āf karāʼisṭ by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Nau ījād - K̲h̲abrain̲ [News] - Kāraspānḍans - G̲h̲azal barāʼe krismas ḍe [Poetry] This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Murāsalāt : Nūr-i Afshān̲ ko baṛhāe kī z̤arūrat aur fāʼide by Ṭhākur Dās, Jī. El. - Nūr-i Afshān̲ kī ishāʻat aur behtarī kī aīk tadbīr by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Hamāre farāʼiz̤ Nūr-i Afshān̲ kī nisbat by G̲h̲ulām Masīḥ - K̲h̲abrain̲ [News] - Rūʼedād maunspal kameṭī jalsah k̲h̲āṣ shehr Ludhiyānah vāqiʻah 19 Navambar 1887 This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Aiḍīṭoriyal - Murāsalāt : hamārī yūnīvarsiṭiyān̲ aur imtiḥānāt ke asṭanḍarḍ by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - Bā’ībal kā ilhāmī honā - Manqūlāt : desī ak̲h̲bār - Vāqiʻāt aur rāʼen̲ [News] - Mulkon̲ aur shehron̲ kī muk̲h̲taṣar k̲h̲abrain̲ - Sarkārī k̲h̲abrain̲ - Tār kī k̲h̲abrain̲ - Rubāʻī [Poetry] This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.

Contents: Guldastah-yi ak̲h̲bārāt [News] - Nūr-i Afshān̲ : Miṣar - Murāsalāt : urdū aur hindī - Vāqiʻāt Masīḥ : majūsiyūn̲ kā ānā - Ak̲h̲bārāt tār Barqī [News] - G̲h̲azal [Poetry] by Ṣafdar ʻAlī - G̲h̲azal [Poetry] by Ṭhākur Dās This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana.