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We have measured the excitation and emission spectra, and lifetime for Fe3+ in the Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2 compound. The spectroscopic data of the ferric ion (Fe3+) is interpreted within the framework of the Tanabe-Sugano crystal field theory for ions with the d5 electronic configuration. Quantitative evaluation of the Racah parameters B and C and the crystal field parameter (10 Dq) is provided. The emission and excitation data are consistent for Fe3+ in a tetrahedral-site occupancy. The red emission is assigned to the 4T1 (4G)→6A1 (6S) crystal field transition. The remarkable feature of the luminescence is the positioning of the emission band; it is centered at 623 nm with a Full Width at Half Maximum of 51 nm. To the best of our knowledge this is one of the highest energy emission for the tetrahedral-site Fe3+ ion. The practical implication of this spectral power distribution is discussed. The temperature dependency of the luminescence lifetime and emission intensity are reported.

The spectroscopic properties of the Mn4+ ion are investigated in the series of isostructural double perovskite compounds, Ba2BTaO6 (B = Y, Lu, Sc). A comparison of these properties highlights the influence of covalent bonding within the perovskite framework and the degree of order between the B3+–Ta cations on the energy and intensity of the Mn4+2E → 4A2 emission transition (R-line). These two parameters of the emission spectrum are of importance for practical application since they determine the phosphor luminous efficacy. The influence of covalent bonding within the corner shared BO6/2 and TaO6/2 perovskite framework on the energy of the R-line energy is investigated. From the spectroscopic data, we have derived information on the influence of the degree of order between the B3+ and Ta5+ cations on the intensity of the R-line. The lowest energy and the highest intensity of the R-line are found in the double perovskite, Ba2ScTaO6. The purpose of this work is to propose for first time an explanation of these effects in the considered double perovskites. The obtained results are useful guidelines for practical improvement and tuning of key parameters of phosphors to the desired values.

In this study, we present the results of first-principles calculations conducted within the density functional theory to investigate the geometric and electronic structures of the ground 4 A2 and excited 2 E and 4 T2 states, as well as the optical transition energies between these states, in the prototype system of K2SiF6:Mn4+. To achieve this, we employed a comprehensive evaluation of the five representative exchange-correlation functionals, enabling the development of a state-of-art calculation scheme that effectively describes the geometric and electronic structures of the excited 2 E and 4 T2 states. The calculated excitation, emission and zero-phonon line energies of the optical transitions between the ground 4 A2 state and the excited 2 E and 4 T2 states demonstrate a better agreement with experimental results. However, we observed that the conventional and widely-used approach based on the analysis of the electronic density of states diagrams derived from the ground state calculations failed to accurately evaluate the vertical optical transition energies from the 4 A2 ground state to the excited 2 E and 4 T2 states when compared to experimental data. The calculation technique developed in this study holds the potential for widespread application to other combinations of host materials and impurity ion, which is of great importance for future developments in the field of optical materials.

A comparative study of Eu3+ luminescence in an isostructural series of phosphate and vanadate compounds correlates the hypersensitivity of the 5D0→7F2 transition to the covalence and polarizability of the (XO4)3- (X = P, V) polyanion. The intensity of this transition, as measured by the ratio, [Formula presented], is always higher in the vanadate system [R (PO4)3-« R (VO4)3-]. Electronic energy band structure of these systems establishes higher covalence and polarizability of the (VO4)3- polyanion, which is due to strong V 3 d - O 2p covalent interaction via hybridization. The difference in the intensity of the hypersensitive transition between the phosphate and vanadate systems is consistent with the prediction of the ligand dipolar polarization model for the 4f-4f dipolar intensities. Our analysis supports the polarizability of (XO4)3- (X = P, V) over local site distortion effects as the intensity enhancing mechanism of the 5D0→7F2 transition. It is pointed out that the hybridization effect that serves as the source of the intensity of hypersensitive transition also accounts for the origin of second harmonic generation (SHG) in Li3VO4 and its absence in Li3PO4. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Naturally occurring point mutations in the HBG promoter switch hemoglobin synthesis from defective adult beta-globin to fetal gamma-globin in sickle cell patients with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and ameliorate the clinical severity. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, we tiled the highly homologous HBG proximal promoters using adenine and cytosine base editors that avoid the generation of large deletions and identified novel regulatory regions including a cluster at the -123 region. Base editing at -123 and -124 bp of HBG promoter induced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to a higher level than disruption of well-known BCL11A binding site in erythroblasts derived from human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We further demonstrated in vitro that the introduction of -123T > C and -124T > C HPFH-like mutations drives gamma-globin expression by creating a de novo binding site for KLF1. Overall, our findings shed light on so far unknown regulatory elements within the HBG promoter and identified additional targets for therapeutic upregulation of fetal hemoglobin.

The relationship between the Stokes shift of Bi3+ emission and the volume of the unit-cell in two series of orthorhombic perovskites, LnB 3+O3 (Ln = La, Gd, Y; B 3+ = Al, In, Ga) and AB 4+O3 (A = Ca, Sr; B 4+ = Zr, Sn) is explored. The Stokes shift increases linearly with increasing cell volume. This is explained qualitatively by the lattice chemical pressure acting on the Bi3+ ion. The degree of Bi3+ ion off-centering displacement, which is due to the stereochemical activity of the lone-pair electrons (6 s2), is controlled by the chemical pressure. A small cell suppresses the off-centering displacement to produce a small Stokes shift of emission by limiting the excited state structural distortion. In large cell, the off-centering displacement is more easily accommodated. The elimination of ground state distortion in the excited state gives larger Stokes shift of emission. These qualitative arguments are supplemented by recent first-principles calculations on Bi3+ luminescence in these perovskites. The Bi3+ luminescence in SrZrO3, previously assigned to emission from the D-state, is now assigned to the localized 3P0,1 → 1S0 transition. The energy of the 1S0 → 3P1 transition is correlated with the covalence of the BO6/2 perovskite framework. Discussion on the effective ionic radius of the Bi3+ ion in these perovskites is presented.

Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory explains the optical properties of trivalent lanthanides using only three intensity parameters. The JO parametrization is a complicated procedure of absorption spectra analysis, especially cumbersome for powders and non-transparent materials. For the Pr3+ activated materials, the procedure is additionally complicated due to strong interaction of low-lying Pr3+ 4f5d energy levels with the 4f levels. Here, the straightforward JO parametrization method that uses the emission spectrum and the excited state lifetime of the Pr3+ 3P0 level which does not require any fitting procedure are shown. In addition, the theory and software for calculations of JO parameters from Pr3+ emission are explained. The method requirements are low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of Pr3+ introduced in low phonon energy hosts with a relatively high lying 4f5d energy level. The method is demonstrated on emissions of YF3:Pr3+ and LaF3:Pr3+ powders.

For persons with hemophilia, optimization of joint outcomes is an important unmet need. The aim of this initiative was to determine use of ultrasound in evaluating arthropathy in persons with hemophilia, and to move toward consensus among hemophilia care providers regarding the preferred ultrasound protocols for global adaptation. A global survey of hemophilia treatment centers was conducted that focused on understanding how and why ultrasound was being used and endeavored to move toward consensus definitions of both point-of-care musculoskeletal ultrasound (POC-MSKUS) and full diagnostic ultrasound, terminology to describe structures being assessed by ultrasound, and how these assessments should be interpreted. Next, an in-person meeting of an international group of hemophilia health care professionals and patient representatives was held, with the objective of achieving consensus regarding the acquisition and interpretation of POC-MSKUS and full diagnostic ultrasound for use in the assessment of musculoskeletal (MSK) pathologies in persons with hemophilia. The recommendations were that clear definitions of the types of ultrasound examinations should be adopted and that a standardized ultrasound scoring/measurement system should be developed, tested, and implemented. The scoring/measurement system should be tiered to allow for a range of complexity yet maintain the ability for comparison across levels. Ultrasound is an evolving technology increasingly used for the assessment of MSK outcomes in persons with hemophilia. As adoption increases globally for clinical care and research, it will become increasingly important to establish clear guidelines for image acquisition, interpretation, and reporting to ensure accuracy, consistency, and comparability across groups.

While COVID‐19 is far from being eradicated, the first COVID‐19 vaccine has now been approved in the U.K., the European Union, Canada and the United States, and vaccinations have been initiated as of December 8, 2020 in the U.K. Additional vaccines have been licensed in the United States, the U.K. and India. Approvals in other jurisdictions and the arrival of additional effective vaccines are imminent. The success of vaccination campaigns will depend on the number of people effectively vaccinated. The vaccinated population will limit the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. [...]

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus-induced infection (COVID-19) can be associated with a coagulopathy mainly responsible for pulmonary microvasculature thrombosis and systemic thromboembolic manifestations. The pathophysiology and management of the COVID-19 coagulopathy are likely more complex in patients with inherited bleeding diseases such as haemophilia. These individuals might indeed present with both bleeding and thrombotic complications and require simultaneous antithrombotic and haemostatic treatments. OBJECTIVE: We propose practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 coagulopathy in persons with haemophilia. RESULTS: Continuation of regular haemostatic treatment is recommended for ambulatory patients. For patients requiring hospital admission and on replacement therapy with factors VIII or IX concentrates, prophylaxis with concentrates should be intensified according to the risk of bleeding complications and associated with prophylactic doses of LMWH. For patients on nonreplacement therapy, emicizumab should be continued and possibly combined with factor VIII and prophylactic doses of LMWH depending on the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Dose escalation of LMWH tailored to the risk of thrombosis can be employed but not supported by evidence. CONCLUSIONS: These practical recommendations are based on the current literature on COVID-19 with its impact on haemostasis, indications and modalities for thromboprophylaxis mainly in nonhaemophilic patients and how that is likely to affect persons with haemophilia in different circumstances. They will need to be tailored to each patient's clinical status and validated in future studies.

Social determinants of health, including poverty, contribute significantly to health outcomes in the United States; however, their impact on pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the association between neighborhood poverty and HCT outcomes for pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. We assembled 2 pediatric cohorts undergoing first allogeneic HCT from 2006 to 2015 at age 518 years, including 2053 children with malignant disease and 1696 children with nonmalignant disease. Neighborhood poverty exposure was defined a priori per the US Census definition as living in a high-poverty ZIP code (>= 20% of persons below 100% federal poverty level) and used as the primary predictor in all analyses. Our primary outcome was overall survival (OS), defined as the time from HCT until death resulting from any cause. Secondary outcomes included relapse and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in malignant disease, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and infection in the first 100 days post-HCT. Among children undergoing transplantation for nonmalignant disease, neighborhood poverty was not associated with any HCT outcome. Among children undergoing transplantation for malignant disease, neighborhood poverty conferred an increased risk of TRM but was not associated with inferior OS or any other transplantation outcome. Among children with malignant disease, a key secondary finding was that children with Medicaid insurance experienced inferior OS and increased TRM compared with those with private insurance. These data suggest opportunities for future investigation of the effects of household-level poverty exposure on HCT outcomes in pediatric malignant disease to inform care delivery interventions.

Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory explains the optical properties of trivalent lanthanides using only three intensity parameters. The JO parametrization is a complicated procedure of absorption spectra analysis, especially cumbersome for powders and non-transparent materials. For the Pr3+ activated materials, the procedure is additionally complicated due to strong interaction of low-lying Pr3+ 4f5d energy levels with the 4f levels. Here, the straightforward JO parametrization method that uses the emission spectrum and the excited state lifetime of the Pr3+ 3P0 level which does not require any fitting procedure are shown. In addition, the theory and software for calculations of JO parameters from Pr3+ emission are explained. The method requirements are low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of Pr3+ introduced in low phonon energy hosts with a relatively high lying 4f5d energy level. The method is demonstrated on emissions of YF3:Pr3+ and LaF3:Pr3+ powders.

Aswin Anand Pai, Ajith Mohan, Esther Sathya Bama Benjamin, Raveen Stephen Stallon Illangeswaran, Infencia Xavier Raj, Nancy Beryl Janet, Arun Kumar Arunachalam, ML Kavitha, Uday Kulkarni, Anup J Devasia, NA Fouzia, Aby Abraham, Alok Srivastava, Biju George, Vikram Mathews, Anu Korula, Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, IndiaCorrespondence: Poonkuzhali BalasubramanianDepartment of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, IndiaEmail bpoonkuzhali@cmcvellore.ac.inPurpose: Severe myelosuppression in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing 6-MP-based maintenance therapy is attributed to TPMT gene polymorphisms, which is rare in Asian populations. This study aims to evaluate the role of selected polymorphisms in NUDT15, ITPA, and MRP4 genes in addition to TPMT in predicting 6-MP intolerance during ALL maintenance therapy.Patients and Methods: We screened for the presence of NUDT15*3 (c.415 C>T, rs116855232); MRP4 c.2269 C>T (rs3765534), ITPA c.94 C>A (rs1127354) polymorphisms in addition to TPMT *2 (rs1800462), *3A (*3B and *3C; rs1800460 and rs1142345) in ALL patients with documented severe neutropenia (cohort-1; n=42). These polymorphisms were then screened in a prospective cohort of ALL patients (cohort-2; n=133) and compared with 6-MP dose reduction, early/late myelotoxicity.Results: Nineteen (45%) patients in cohort-1 and 18 (14%) in cohort-2 had NUDT15 c.415 C>T variant while 4 (3%) patients in cohort-2 had TPMT*3C variant. Five (12%) in cohort-1 and 30 (24%) in cohort-2 had ITPA c.94 C>A variant while 9 (22%) and 15 (12%) had MRP4 c.2269 C>T variant in cohorts-1 and 2, respectively. All in cohort-1 and 36 (27%) in cohort-2 had severe myelotoxicity. Twenty-eight patients (66.6%) in cohort-1 and 40 (30%) patients in cohort-2 had significant 6-MP dose reduction. NUDT15 c.415 C>T variant explained

Background: Patient-relevant health outcomes for persons with hemophilia should be identified and prioritized to optimize and individualize care for persons with hemophilia. Therefore, an international group of persons with hemophilia and multidisciplinary health care providers set out to identify a globally applicable standard set of health outcomes relevant to all individuals with hemophilia. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify possible health outcomes and risk adjustment variables. Persons with hemophilia and multidisciplinary health care providers were involved in an iterative nominal consensus process to select the most important health outcomes and risk adjustment variables for persons with hemophilia. Recommendations were made for outcome measurement instruments. Results: Persons with hemophilia were defined as all men and women with an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or IX with plasma activity levels <40 IU/dL. We recommend collecting the following 10 health outcomes at least annually, if applicable: (i) cure, (ii) impact of disease on life expectancy, (iii) ability to engage in normal daily activities, (iv) severe bleeding episodes, (v) number of days lost from school or work, (vi) chronic pain, (vii) disease and treatment complications, (viii) sustainability of physical functioning, (ix) social functioning, and (x) mental health. Validated clinical as well as patient-reported outcome measurement instruments were endorsed. Demographic factors, baseline clinical factors, and treatment factors were identified as risk-adjustment variables. Conclusion: A consensus-based international set of health outcomes relevant to all persons with hemophilia, and corresponding measurement instruments, was identified for use in clinical care to facilitate harmonized longitudinal monitoring and comparison of outcomes.

Luminescence of monoclinic lithium metatitanate (Li2TiO3) powders activated with different quantities of Mn4+ is studied in detail. Its strong deep-red emission arising from the Mn4+ 2Eg → 4A2g spin forbidden transition is centered at around 688 nm and is suitable for luminescence thermometry. Structural and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses show that Mn4+ ions are equally distributed in two almost identical Ti4+ sites in which they are octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen ions. Calculations based on the exchange charge model of the crystal field provided values of Racah parameters (B=760 cm−1, C= 2993 cm−1), crystal-field splitting Dq= 2043 cm−1, and the nephelauxetic parameter β1=0.9775. The maximal quantum efficiency of 24.1% at room temperature is found for 0.126% Mn4+ concentration. Temperature quenching of emission occurs by a cross-over via 4T2 excited state of the Mn4+ ions with T1/2=262 K and is quite favorable for the application in the lifetime-based luminescence thermometry since relative changes in emission decay values are exceptionally-large (around 3.21% at room temperature). We derived theoretical expressions for the temperature dependence of the absolute and relative sensitivities and discuss the influence of host material properties on lifetime sensitivities. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Acne Vulgaris is an extremely common skin condition involving the sebaceous gland. The pilosebaceous unit of the skin gets affected in acne. The age group, which is affected, is of adolescent but the problem can continue to exist till middle age sometime. It affects approximately 80% of the adolescents around the world. Acne Vulgaris can be correlated with Mukhadushika or Yuvanpidika on the basis of similarity in the etiopathogenesis, symptoms, treatment & complication. As the patient of Acne become concern after long ineffective modern treatments, so Ayurveda is a ray of hope and is frequently sought by the public. Therefore, to identify an alternative, safer and permanent cure; the study is conducted.

Acne Vulgaris is an extremely common skin condition involving the sebaceous gland. The pilosebaceous unit of the skin gets affected in acne. The age group, which is affected, is of adolescent but the problem can continue to exist till middle age sometime. It affects approximately 80% of the adolescents around the world. Acne Vulgaris can be correlated with Mukhadushika or Yuvanpidika on the basis of similarity in the etiopathogenesis, symptoms, treatment & complication. As the patient of Acne become concern after long ineffective modern treatments, so Ayurveda is a ray of hope and is frequently sought by the public. Therefore, to identify an alternative, safer and permanent cure; the study is conducted.

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Acne Vulgaris is an extremely common skin condition involving the sebaceous gland. The pilosebaceous unit of the skin gets affected in acne. The age group, which is affected, is of adolescent but the problem can continue to exist till middle age sometime. It affects approximately 80% of the adolescents around the world. Acne Vulgaris can be correlated with Mukhadushika or Yuvanpidika on the basis of similarity in the etiopathogenesis, symptoms, treatment & complication. As the patient of Acne become concern after long ineffective modern treatments, so Ayurveda is a ray of hope and is frequently sought by the public. Therefore, to identify an alternative, safer and permanent cure; the study is conducted.

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Acne Vulgaris is an extremely common skin condition involving the sebaceous gland. The pilosebaceous unit of the skin gets affected in acne. The age group, which is affected, is of adolescent but the problem can continue to exist till middle age sometime. It affects approximately 80% of the adolescents around the world. Acne Vulgaris can be correlated with Mukhadushika or Yuvanpidika on the basis of similarity in the etiopathogenesis, symptoms, treatment & complication. As the patient of Acne become concern after long ineffective modern treatments, so Ayurveda is a ray of hope and is frequently sought by the public. Therefore, to identify an alternative, safer and permanent cure; the study is conducted.

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of several factors like hyperglycemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Among these factors central obesity & insulin resistance are the dominant parameters of this collection. In today’s era its prevalence is rising rapidly and it has a high socioeconomic burden. Being the major risk factor for Cardio Vascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is the need of the hour to find a safe and cost effective remedy for Metabolic Syndrome. Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara in Ayurvedic Classics can be correlated to Metabolic Syndrome and Virechana Karma is an effective measure which helps in cleansing congested Strotas and removing vitiated Dosha hence pacifying the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome. Patients of either sex in the age group of 20 to 60 years, fulfilling the study criteria were included in the study. Two sittings of Virechana Karma were administered with 15 day gap in between. Highly significant in all criteria except Blood sugar fasting. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is an ideal therapy for Metabolic Syndrome

Transition-metal activated phosphors are an important family of luminescent materials that can produce white light with an outstanding color rendering index and correlated color temperature for use in light-emitting diodes. In recent years, work in this quite “hot” research field has focused on the development of Mn2+ and Mn4+ activated red phosphors. In this review article, we provide an overview of recent studies on Mn2+ and Mn4+ doped phosphors, including detailed synthesis routes (solid-state reaction and wet-chemical synthesis) and description of luminescence mechanisms and phosphors’ behaviors; discuss their promising applications in white light-emitting diodes; and present an extensive list of references to representative works in this field.

Transition-metal activated phosphors are an important family of luminescent materials that can produce white light with an outstanding color rendering index and correlated color temperature for use in light-emitting diodes. In recent years, work in this quite “hot” research field has focused on the development of Mn2+ and Mn4+ activated red phosphors. In this review article, we provide an overview of recent studies on Mn2+ and Mn4+ doped phosphors, including detailed synthesis routes (solid-state reaction and wet-chemical synthesis) and description of luminescence mechanisms and phosphors’ behaviors; discuss their promising applications in white light-emitting diodes; and present an extensive list of references to representative works in this field.

Herein, the synthesis, structural and crystal field analysis and optical spectroscopy of Mn4+ doped metal titanates ATiO(3) (A = Ca, Mg) are presented. Materials of desired phase were prepared by molten salt assisted sol-gel method in the powder form. Crystallographic data of samples were obtained by refinement of X-ray diffraction measurements. From experimental excitation and emission spectra and structural data, crystal field parameters and energy levels of Mn4+ in CaTiO3 and MgTiO3 were calculated by the exchange charge model of crystal-field theory. It is found that crystalline field strength is lower (Dq = 1831 cm(-1)) in the rhombohedral Ilmenite MgTiO3 structure due to the relatively longer average Mn4+-O2- bond distance (2.059 angstrom), and higher (Dq = 2017 cm(-1)) in orthorhombic CaTiO3 which possess shorter average Mn4+-O2- bond distance (1.956 angstrom). Spectral positions of the Mn(4+2)Eg - GT (4)A(2g) transition maxima is 709 nm in MgTiO3 and 717 nm in CaTiO3 respectively in good agreement with calculated values. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herein, the synthesis, structural and crystal field analysis and optical spectroscopy of Mn4+ doped metal titanates ATiO(3) (A = Ca, Mg) are presented. Materials of desired phase were prepared by molten salt assisted sol-gel method in the powder form. Crystallographic data of samples were obtained by refinement of X-ray diffraction measurements. From experimental excitation and emission spectra and structural data, crystal field parameters and energy levels of Mn4+ in CaTiO3 and MgTiO3 were calculated by the exchange charge model of crystal-field theory. It is found that crystalline field strength is lower (Dq = 1831 cm(-1)) in the rhombohedral Ilmenite MgTiO3 structure due to the relatively longer average Mn4+-O2- bond distance (2.059 angstrom), and higher (Dq = 2017 cm(-1)) in orthorhombic CaTiO3 which possess shorter average Mn4+-O2- bond distance (1.956 angstrom). Spectral positions of the Mn(4+2)Eg - GT (4)A(2g) transition maxima is 709 nm in MgTiO3 and 717 nm in CaTiO3 respectively in good agreement with calculated values. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2002., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135)., Sanger's method of chain termination is the method of choice in DNA sequencing, where electrophoresis is used to separate the different sized DNA. In the past decade, microfabricated capillary devices have been developed and are increasingly used to perform DNA electrophoresis. While tremendous progress has been made in the process, sample injection has not been well understood. In an earlier study, images of sample injection obtained using video microscopy showed sharp sample stacking peak at the trailing edge of the sample plug. This thesis examines the underlying physics that explain the behavior of DNA in microcapillary electrophoresis. A developed model captures the dynamics of the major electrolytes in the system. The applied voltage and the conductivity profile determine the local electric field. The electric field drives the analyte transport. The analyte consists of DNA molecules of various fragment sizes. Since the DNA concentration is smaller than the electrolyte concentration by a few orders of magnitude, its concentration does not affect the conductivity. The major components of the sample are identified, and role during injection is investigated. Analytical studies of the electrolyte boundary dynamics and evolution and the transport of DNA are presented. The effect of the buffer, applied voltage during injection, and sample mobility on stacking are shown., (cont.) A numerical model is implemented to quantitatively predict the stacking of DNA in microcapillary electrophoresis. The numerical model has been developed for the 1-dimensional case. The model is verified using analytical results. Results of numerical models that predict the behavior of DNA under experimental conditions are presented. The numerical model is compared with real experimental data to evaluate its predictive power. Preliminary numerical simulations have also been done for 2-dimensional geometries. A procedure has been developed for design of injector lengths to obtain a given resolution of separation in a microcapillary channel of specified length. Strategies for optimization are presented for improving the performance of the devices., by Alok Srivastava., Ph.D.

Wheat flour constituents