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Interpretation plays a significant role in the visitor experience at cultural sites by painting a picture of the layers of history present in an environment. On public lands in the United States, over 800,000 estimated signs serve various purposes, from wayfinding, safety, and resource protection to interpretation. The large number of visitors to national parks, monuments, and other public lands speaks to interpretive signs' impact on visitors’ understanding of these sites and their cultural history. Here I ask, how are Native American histories, cultures, and communities represented on interpretive signage found in areas near the visitor centers of national parks, monuments, and other public lands? Because these areas have very high visitation, the interpretive signage located at them may have a disproportionate impact on visitors’ understanding of the cultural history of these sites. To carry out this work, I developed a novel application of the Six R’s Framework to conduct content analysis of the text of interpretive signs. I collected photographs of interpretive signs at 14 different sites within the Southwest region. I adapted the Six R’s Framework to see how well national parks, monuments, and other public lands include Native American histories and stories. Overall, I found a large amount of variation from one site to another. No sites managed by US federal agencies showed a consistent presence of respect, representation, and relevance in their interpretive signs. In contrast, Navajo Tribal Park showed the most promise compared to other sites analyzed. There are a variety of reasons why national parks, monuments, and other public lands may have inconsistent interpretations. These include the age of interpretive signage, written mostly in past-tense language that does not share the present-day tribal communities, and use of problematic language choice for example the use of “colonization”. This is important for the future of interpretive signage development an

This essay will regard the subject public archeology, outdoors and indoors. The purpose of the essay is to shed light on public archeology in Örnsköldsvik municipality to see which areas could be developed, but also to shed light on the good work that is done and to highlight and spread knowledge about the city's archeology in general. Örnsköldsvik is a city with many beautiful places to visit and contains over four thousand ancient remains, something not everyone in the city is aware of. In order to get a broader picture of how the municipality's residents experience public archaeological sites, a survey has been sent out and the answers are discussed in this essay. The essay also touches on how ancient times are presented in exhibitions, and therefore the Örnsköldsvik museum och konsthalls exhibition Arkiv Ö is analyzed and then compared with Historiska museets exhibition Vikingarnas Värld. This is to be able to see beyond the very different conditions and capabilities the museums have and focus on the creative parts and see the possibilities of what can be done based on the budget, space or opportunities the museum has. Therefore, the cultural heritage antiquarian at Örnsköldsvik's museum and art gallery is also interviewed to gain an insight into the creation process of the exhibition. Finally, the public archaeology in Örnsköldsvik is being compared to the public archaeology in USA and the UK, to get at overview of the subject in general and to see what similarities and differences they have., Den här uppsatsen kommer beröra ämnet publik arkeologi utomhus och inomhus. Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa den publika arkeologin i Örnsköldsviks kommun för att se vilka områden som skulle kunna utvecklas, men också belysa vad som är bra samt framhäva och sprida kunskap om stadens arkeologi i stort. Örnsköldsvik är en stad med många vackra platser att besöka och innehåller över 4000 fornlämningar, något alla i staden inte är medvetna om. För att få en bredare bild av hur kommunens invånare upplever publika fornlämningsplatser har en enkät skickats ut och besvarats, vars svar diskuteras i detta arbete. Uppsatsen berör också hur forntiden presenteras i utställningar, och därför analyseras Örnsköldsviks museum och konsthalls utställning Arkiv Ö för att sedan jämföras med Historiska museets utställning Vikingarnas värld. Detta för att kunna se bortom de väldigt olika förutsättningarna museerna har och fokusera på det kreativa och se vad man kan göra utifrån den budget, yta eller möjligheter museet har. Därför blir också kulturarvsantikvarien på Örnsköldsviks museum och konsthall intervjuad för att få en inblick i skapandeprocessen av utställningen. Slutligen jämförs den publika arkeologin i Örnsköldsvik med den publika arkeologin i USA och Storbritannien för att få en överblick av ämnet generellt och för att se likheter och olikhetersom de har.

I denna kvalitativa fallstudie av Hagaparken i Solna analyseras ett urval av parkens informationsskyltar utifrån deras skick, placering och utformning, samt i deras roll som tolkare av platsens kulturarv. Platsbegreppet, såsom det definieras inom humanistisk geografi, tillämpas som teoretisk lins. Detta för att studera i vilken mån skyltarnas innehåll kan tänkas bidra till besökarens uppfattning av Haga som unik plats snarare än som allmänt rum. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att bedöma hur parken och dess historia förmedlas i informationsskyltarna. Data inhämtades via fältstudier i Hagaparken. Skyltarna granskades i relation till litteratur och forskning kopplat till uppsatsens nyckelord. Resultaten visar att Hagaparkens skyltning generellt håller god kvalitet i både utformning och innehåll. Ett fåtal anmärkningar noterades om slitage och språkliga misstag, samt gällande förekomsten av en faktadetalj i en av skyltarna som uppsatsens efterforskningar visar saknar stöd i pålitliga källor. Skyltningen följer heller inte till punkt och pricka den checklista över effektiv skylttolkning som har upprättats i tidigare forskning. Studien uppmärksammar emellertid tecken på en pågående restaurering av parkens skyltar, där de nya varianterna svarar bättre mot checklistans punkter. Slutligen konstateras att tre upplagor av parken framträder i skyltningen: det förgångna Haga, det nutida ditot, samt det immateriella, symboliska. Den sistnämnda representeras främst i tolkningarnas förmedling av kung Gustav III:s visioner för parken under det sena 1700-talet, av vilka flera aldrig förverkligades. Uppsatsförfattaren hävdar att det är i förståelsen av dessa skepnader, och av hur de var för sig såväl som i symbios med varandra laddar platsen med mening och innebörd, som Hagaparken kan upplevas i sin sannaste form. Den förståelsen tillhandahålls av skyltarna på ett i stora drag förtjänstfullt sätt., This qualitative case study examines a selection of interpretative signs in Hagaparken (“Haga Park,” or simply “Haga” – a park located just north of Stockholm, Sweden), focusing on their condition, placement, and design, as well as their role in interpreting cultural heritage. The overarching aim is to assess how the park and its history is conveyed through these signs. Employing the concept of place, as defined within humanistic geography, the thesis also explores the extent to which the signs’ contents might contribute to visitors’ perception of Haga as a unique place rather than a generic space. Data were collected through field studies conducted in Hagaparken, focusing on its signs. They were later analyzed in relation to literature and research associated with the thesis’ key themes. The findings indicate that the signage in Hagaparken is well-designed and informative. A few issues were noted, including signs of wear, linguistic errors, as well as the presence of a factual detail in one of the signs that, according to the thesis’ research, lacks support from reliable sources. Ultimately, the study identifies three representations of the park conveyed through the signage: the historical Haga, the contemporary Haga, and the immaterial, symbolic Haga; the latter reflecting King Gustav III:s grand visions for the park in the late 1700’s, many of which were never realized. The author argues that it is through understanding of these representations, and of how they individually and collectively imbue the place with meaning, that Hagaparken can be experienced in its truest form. This understanding is facilitated by the signage in an overall commendable manner.

Pinawa is recognized as an award-winning, active town in Manitoba with many breathtaking nature experiences. However, further green and active transportation (AT) opportunities could improve community living and tourism in the town. A multi-method approach was employed for this strategic analysis, incorporating semi-structured interviews, site observation, mapping connectivity, and comparative case studies. The community's top priorities included enhancing mobility in Pinawa. This involved expanding the trail system into the town's downtown area, improving signage for wayfinding, enhancing public transportation, creating crosswalks, adding bike lanes, installing new placemakers, and increasing options for bike rentals to facilitate AT in Pinawa. Maps reveal how key Pinawa attractions are disconnected but can be linked through walking trails, sidewalks, and bike lanes. This study provides planners, policymakers, and environmental advocates with green infrastructure solutions for health and economic vitality. This research contributes to understanding AT's role in rural communities, providing practical recommendations to prioritize AT in infrastructure planning, funding, and policies.

I denna kvalitativa fallstudie av Hagaparken i Solna analyseras ett urval av parkens informationsskyltar utifrån deras skick, placering och utformning, samt i deras roll som tolkare av platsens kulturarv. Platsbegreppet, såsom det definieras inom humanistisk geografi, tillämpas som teoretisk lins. Detta för att studera i vilken mån skyltarnas innehåll kan tänkas bidra till besökarens uppfattning av Haga som unik plats snarare än som allmänt rum. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att bedöma hur parken och dess historia förmedlas i informationsskyltarna. Data inhämtades via fältstudier i Hagaparken. Skyltarna granskades i relation till litteratur och forskning kopplat till uppsatsens nyckelord. Resultaten visar att Hagaparkens skyltning generellt håller god kvalitet i både utformning och innehåll. Ett fåtal anmärkningar noterades om slitage och språkliga misstag, samt gällande förekomsten av en faktadetalj i en av skyltarna som uppsatsens efterforskningar visar saknar stöd i pålitliga källor. Skyltningen följer heller inte till punkt och pricka den checklista över effektiv skylttolkning som har upprättats i tidigare forskning. Studien uppmärksammar emellertid tecken på en pågående restaurering av parkens skyltar, där de nya varianterna svarar bättre mot checklistans punkter. Slutligen konstateras att tre upplagor av parken framträder i skyltningen: det förgångna Haga, det nutida ditot, samt det immateriella, symboliska. Den sistnämnda representeras främst i tolkningarnas förmedling av kung Gustav III:s visioner för parken under det sena 1700-talet, av vilka flera aldrig förverkligades. Uppsatsförfattaren hävdar att det är i förståelsen av dessa skepnader, och av hur de var för sig såväl som i symbios med varandra laddar platsen med mening och innebörd, som Hagaparken kan upplevas i sin sannaste form. Den förståelsen tillhandahålls av skyltarna på ett i stora drag förtjänstfullt sätt., This qualitative case study examines a selection of interpretative signs in Hagaparken (“Haga Park,” or simply “Haga” – a park located just north of Stockholm, Sweden), focusing on their condition, placement, and design, as well as their role in interpreting cultural heritage. The overarching aim is to assess how the park and its history is conveyed through these signs. Employing the concept of place, as defined within humanistic geography, the thesis also explores the extent to which the signs’ contents might contribute to visitors’ perception of Haga as a unique place rather than a generic space. Data were collected through field studies conducted in Hagaparken, focusing on its signs. They were later analyzed in relation to literature and research associated with the thesis’ key themes. The findings indicate that the signage in Hagaparken is well-designed and informative. A few issues were noted, including signs of wear, linguistic errors, as well as the presence of a factual detail in one of the signs that, according to the thesis’ research, lacks support from reliable sources. Ultimately, the study identifies three representations of the park conveyed through the signage: the historical Haga, the contemporary Haga, and the immaterial, symbolic Haga; the latter reflecting King Gustav III:s grand visions for the park in the late 1700’s, many of which were never realized. The author argues that it is through understanding of these representations, and of how they individually and collectively imbue the place with meaning, that Hagaparken can be experienced in its truest form. This understanding is facilitated by the signage in an overall commendable manner.

This essay will regard the subject public archeology, outdoors and indoors. The purpose of the essay is to shed light on public archeology in Örnsköldsvik municipality to see which areas could be developed, but also to shed light on the good work that is done and to highlight and spread knowledge about the city's archeology in general. Örnsköldsvik is a city with many beautiful places to visit and contains over four thousand ancient remains, something not everyone in the city is aware of. In order to get a broader picture of how the municipality's residents experience public archaeological sites, a survey has been sent out and the answers are discussed in this essay. The essay also touches on how ancient times are presented in exhibitions, and therefore the Örnsköldsvik museum och konsthalls exhibition Arkiv Ö is analyzed and then compared with Historiska museets exhibition Vikingarnas Värld. This is to be able to see beyond the very different conditions and capabilities the museums have and focus on the creative parts and see the possibilities of what can be done based on the budget, space or opportunities the museum has. Therefore, the cultural heritage antiquarian at Örnsköldsvik's museum and art gallery is also interviewed to gain an insight into the creation process of the exhibition. Finally, the public archaeology in Örnsköldsvik is being compared to the public archaeology in USA and the UK, to get at overview of the subject in general and to see what similarities and differences they have., Den här uppsatsen kommer beröra ämnet publik arkeologi utomhus och inomhus. Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa den publika arkeologin i Örnsköldsviks kommun för att se vilka områden som skulle kunna utvecklas, men också belysa vad som är bra samt framhäva och sprida kunskap om stadens arkeologi i stort. Örnsköldsvik är en stad med många vackra platser att besöka och innehåller över 4000 fornlämningar, något alla i staden inte är medvetna om. För att få en bredare bild av hur kommunens invånare upplever publika fornlämningsplatser har en enkät skickats ut och besvarats, vars svar diskuteras i detta arbete. Uppsatsen berör också hur forntiden presenteras i utställningar, och därför analyseras Örnsköldsviks museum och konsthalls utställning Arkiv Ö för att sedan jämföras med Historiska museets utställning Vikingarnas värld. Detta för att kunna se bortom de väldigt olika förutsättningarna museerna har och fokusera på det kreativa och se vad man kan göra utifrån den budget, yta eller möjligheter museet har. Därför blir också kulturarvsantikvarien på Örnsköldsviks museum och konsthall intervjuad för att få en inblick i skapandeprocessen av utställningen. Slutligen jämförs den publika arkeologin i Örnsköldsvik med den publika arkeologin i USA och Storbritannien för att få en överblick av ämnet generellt och för att se likheter och olikhetersom de har.

Purpose: This study seeks to assess the relationship between in-store design cues (store layout, product placement, signage, and point of sales display) and impulse purchase behavior at supermarkets in Yaoundé, Cameroon. It also explores the moderating effects of age and gender on this relationship. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative design with the help of a model with four exogenous variables, two moderating variables, and one endogenous variable adapted from the stimulus organism response (S-O-R) model of Zajonc (1980). The questionnaires were administered both physically and online to 429 shoppers from four selected supermarkets. The multiple correspondence analysis was used to construct indexes for store layout, product placement, signage, and point of sales display. The ordinary least square estimation technique was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The moderating effects of gender and age were done by interacting the two moderating variables with the components of in-store design cues. Results: Results revealed that layout quality and point of sales display exerted significantly positive effects on shoppers' impulse purchasing behavior while signage and product placement had a positive but insignificant effect on customers' impulse purchasing behavior. The results also revealed a negative but insignificant moderating effect of gender while the moderating effect of age was positive and significant. An overall significant effect of design cues implies that the in-store design cues were found to be attractive and stimulating by the customers. Implications: The study therefore concluded that an improvement in the store design features will act as a significant stimulus for customers' increased impulse purchases. This study has significant practical and theoretical implications in the area of consumer behavior in the context of developing countries, like Cameroon.

Trauma is a leading cause of death, and in potentially preventable trauma deaths insufficient bleeding control has often been noted. For bleeding-related injuries, providing aid quickly is crucial since people may die from haemorrhage within minutes. One group that has been identified as able to provide quick aid is bystanders and other people present at the scene of injury. In such settings, using bleeding control (b-con) equipment such as tourniquets is effective to help control bleeding. Thus, b-con kits including such equipment has been recommended to be placed in public areas. However, for publicly placed b-con kits to be effective people must be able to find the kits quickly. This leads to the aim of this thesis, which is to explore how b-con kits can be made easier to find for the public by using signage and b-con kit placement. Two studies were conducted to explore this topic. In the first study, signage for marking b-con kits was developed since no standardised or well-recognised signage for b-con kits existed. Three b-con kit signage designs were developed in accordance with existing standards and regulations for safety signage. Then, the three signage designs were evaluated by a survey. One design, depicting an injured arm, was found to be most effective for marking b-con kits. In the second study, the effect of signage use and b-con kit placement on time to find a b-con kit was examined by an experiment carried out in a virtual environment (VE) using virtual reality (VR). The study found that providing directional signage made people find the b-con kit faster. The study also found that placing the b-con kit at a reception (a central location) made people find the b-con kit quicker compared to when the b-con kit was placed between emergency exits (a more peripheral location). The study also examined if people would find the b-con kit faster when b-con signage was used for directional signage compared to when general first aid signage was used, but no sign

Trauma is a leading cause of death, and in potentially preventable trauma deaths insufficient bleeding control has often been noted. For bleeding-related injuries, providing aid quickly is crucial since people may die from haemorrhage within minutes. One group that has been identified as able to provide quick aid is bystanders and other people present at the scene of injury. In such settings, using bleeding control (b-con) equipment such as tourniquets is effective to help control bleeding. Thus, b-con kits including such equipment has been recommended to be placed in public areas. However, for publicly placed b-con kits to be effective people must be able to find the kits quickly. This leads to the aim of this thesis, which is to explore how b-con kits can be made easier to find for the public by using signage and b-con kit placement. Two studies were conducted to explore this topic. In the first study, signage for marking b-con kits was developed since no standardised or well-recognised signage for b-con kits existed. Three b-con kit signage designs were developed in accordance with existing standards and regulations for safety signage. Then, the three signage designs were evaluated by a survey. One design, depicting an injured arm, was found to be most effective for marking b-con kits. In the second study, the effect of signage use and b-con kit placement on time to find a b-con kit was examined by an experiment carried out in a virtual environment (VE) using virtual reality (VR). The study found that providing directional signage made people find the b-con kit faster. The study also found that placing the b-con kit at a reception (a central location) made people find the b-con kit quicker compared to when the b-con kit was placed between emergency exits (a more peripheral location). The study also examined if people would find the b-con kit faster when b-con signage was used for directional signage compared to when general first aid signage was used, but no sign

The purpose of the following report is to account for and summarize the authority and tasks that municipalities, authorities and contractors have in the implementation of temporary traffic diversions. In addition to this, the cooperation between all actors has also been investigated with the aim of finding out what types of routines and potential tools are used in connection with the work. The implementation of the report is based on a qualitative study, for which relevant people with different tasks have been interviewed or answered questionnaires. Furthermore, governing documents for relevant parties have been studied with the intention of describing the requirements that apply to work adjacent to or on the road. The results have subsequently been compiled in an account of the work parties' tasks, views and suggestions for improvement. In this it appears that the road maintenance authorities have an examinative responsibility and has the authority to approve the work carried out on its behalf. For and in particular all road works, of which the diversion is a part, traffic device plans must also be drawn up and describe solutions for traffic-related problems. These are the tasks of the executing contractor to draft with regard to the requirements of the road maintenance authority. It also appears that the majority of the interviewees consider the cooperation to be satisfactory, but state how interpretation of the governing documents can result in conflicts between the parties. In addition, significant differences for the systems used in the coordination can be noted for each municipality and authority.

People with visual disabilities or reduced vision make up a group of people who are not normally taken into account when making reference signs in public or private facilities. Where this type of signage is made, there is a reference parallel to that of the visual text, made in the Braille system. Through this signaling, people with visual disabilities or low vision can identify where they are and thus be self-sufficient in daily performance. To interpret Braille, training must be carried out to acquire the learning of this language. In this case, one of the institutions is the Special School No. 6 located in the town of Rio Gallegos, province of Santa Cruz, where this training is carried out. In this project, logistical assistance has been provided, consisting of the provision of billboards in the Braille system, so that the students of Special School No. 6 can navigate the institution without help., Las personas con discapacidad visual o visión reducida conforman un grupo de personas que normalmente no son tenidas en cuenta al momento de realizar las señalizaciones de referencia en instalaciones públicas o privadas. En donde se realizan este tipo de señalización, existe una referencia paralela a la del texto visual, realizada en el sistema Braille. Mediante esta señalización las personas con discapacidad visual o baja visión pueden identificar donde se encuentran y de esta manera ser autosuficientes en el desempeño diario. Para interpretar Braille se debe realizar un entrenamiento para adquirir el aprendizaje de este lenguaje. En este caso, una de las instituciones es la Escuela Especial Nº 6 ubicada en la localidad de Rio Gallegos, provincia de Santa Cruz, donde se realiza este entrenamiento. En este proyecto, se ha realizado asistencia logística que consta en la provisión de cartelera en sistema Braille, a los efectos que los alumnos de la Escuela Especial Nº 6 puedan desenvolverse por la institución sin ayuda.

People with visual disabilities or reduced vision make up a group of people who are not normally taken into account when making reference signs in public or private facilities. Where this type of signage is made, there is a reference parallel to that of the visual text, made in the Braille system. Through this signaling, people with visual disabilities or low vision can identify where they are and thus be self-sufficient in daily performance. To interpret Braille, training must be carried out to acquire the learning of this language. In this case, one of the institutions is the Special School No. 6 located in the town of Rio Gallegos, province of Santa Cruz, where this training is carried out. In this project, logistical assistance has been provided, consisting of the provision of billboards in the Braille system, so that the students of Special School No. 6 can navigate the institution without help., Las personas con discapacidad visual o visión reducida conforman un grupo de personas que normalmente no son tenidas en cuenta al momento de realizar las señalizaciones de referencia en instalaciones públicas o privadas. En donde se realizan este tipo de señalización, existe una referencia paralela a la del texto visual, realizada en el sistema Braille. Mediante esta señalización las personas con discapacidad visual o baja visión pueden identificar donde se encuentran y de esta manera ser autosuficientes en el desempeño diario. Para interpretar Braille se debe realizar un entrenamiento para adquirir el aprendizaje de este lenguaje. En este caso, una de las instituciones es la Escuela Especial Nº 6 ubicada en la localidad de Rio Gallegos, provincia de Santa Cruz, donde se realiza este entrenamiento. En este proyecto, se ha realizado asistencia logística que consta en la provisión de cartelera en sistema Braille, a los efectos que los alumnos de la Escuela Especial Nº 6 puedan desenvolverse por la institución sin ayuda.

En el presente trabajo se plantea el diseño y planeación para la recuperación del sendero corrales en el Cerro Quitasol ubicado en el Municipio de Bello Antioquia, tomando como base el deterioro social y ambiental, para lo cual se planea llevar a cabo tipologías de miradores, estaciones de descanso, torre de avistamiento de aves, señalética y mejoramiento de la ruta, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes entregables: Topografías, estudio geotécnico de zonas de intervención, estudio de gestión del riesgo sobre obras de mitigación, diseños urbanísticos y arquitectónicos, estudios y diseños de señalética, Diseños estructurales y no estructurales de sitios de intervención y complementos del proyecto., This project proposes the design and planning for the recovery of an ancient trail called “Corrales trail” in the Quitasol Hill located in the township of Bello, Antioquia, based on the social and environmental deterioration, for which it is planned to design observation decks, rest stations, birds watching towers, signage and improvement of the route, according to the deliverables: Topography, geotechnical studies of intervention areas, risk studies, urban and architectural designs, studies and designs of signage, structural and non-structural designs for the intervention sites and project complements.

En el presente trabajo se plantea el diseño y planeación para la recuperación del sendero corrales en el Cerro Quitasol ubicado en el Municipio de Bello Antioquia, tomando como base el deterioro social y ambiental, para lo cual se planea llevar a cabo tipologías de miradores, estaciones de descanso, torre de avistamiento de aves, señalética y mejoramiento de la ruta, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes entregables: Topografías, estudio geotécnico de zonas de intervención, estudio de gestión del riesgo sobre obras de mitigación, diseños urbanísticos y arquitectónicos, estudios y diseños de señalética, Diseños estructurales y no estructurales de sitios de intervención y complementos del proyecto., This project proposes the design and planning for the recovery of an ancient trail called “Corrales trail” in the Quitasol Hill located in the township of Bello, Antioquia, based on the social and environmental deterioration, for which it is planned to design observation decks, rest stations, birds watching towers, signage and improvement of the route, according to the deliverables: Topography, geotechnical studies of intervention areas, risk studies, urban and architectural designs, studies and designs of signage, structural and non-structural designs for the intervention sites and project complements.

En el presente trabajo se plantea el diseño y planeación para la recuperación del sendero corrales en el Cerro Quitasol ubicado en el Municipio de Bello Antioquia, tomando como base el deterioro social y ambiental, para lo cual se planea llevar a cabo tipologías de miradores, estaciones de descanso, torre de avistamiento de aves, señalética y mejoramiento de la ruta, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes entregables: Topografías, estudio geotécnico de zonas de intervención, estudio de gestión del riesgo sobre obras de mitigación, diseños urbanísticos y arquitectónicos, estudios y diseños de señalética, Diseños estructurales y no estructurales de sitios de intervención y complementos del proyecto., This project proposes the design and planning for the recovery of an ancient trail called “Corrales trail” in the Quitasol Hill located in the township of Bello, Antioquia, based on the social and environmental deterioration, for which it is planned to design observation decks, rest stations, birds watching towers, signage and improvement of the route, according to the deliverables: Topography, geotechnical studies of intervention areas, risk studies, urban and architectural designs, studies and designs of signage, structural and non-structural designs for the intervention sites and project complements.

People with visual disabilities or reduced vision make up a group of people who are not normally taken into account when making reference signs in public or private facilities. Where this type of signage is made, there is a reference parallel to that of the visual text, made in the Braille system. Through this signaling, people with visual disabilities or low vision can identify where they are and thus be self-sufficient in daily performance. To interpret Braille, training must be carried out to acquire the learning of this language. In this case, one of the institutions is the Special School No. 6 located in the town of Rio Gallegos, province of Santa Cruz, where this training is carried out. In this project, logistical assistance has been provided, consisting of the provision of billboards in the Braille system, so that the students of Special School No. 6 can navigate the institution without help., Las personas con discapacidad visual o visión reducida conforman un grupo de personas que normalmente no son tenidas en cuenta al momento de realizar las señalizaciones de referencia en instalaciones públicas o privadas. En donde se realizan este tipo de señalización, existe una referencia paralela a la del texto visual, realizada en el sistema Braille. Mediante esta señalización las personas con discapacidad visual o baja visión pueden identificar donde se encuentran y de esta manera ser autosuficientes en el desempeño diario. Para interpretar Braille se debe realizar un entrenamiento para adquirir el aprendizaje de este lenguaje. En este caso, una de las instituciones es la Escuela Especial Nº 6 ubicada en la localidad de Rio Gallegos, provincia de Santa Cruz, donde se realiza este entrenamiento. En este proyecto, se ha realizado asistencia logística que consta en la provisión de cartelera en sistema Braille, a los efectos que los alumnos de la Escuela Especial Nº 6 puedan desenvolverse por la institución sin ayuda.

People with visual disabilities or reduced vision make up a group of people who are not normally taken into account when making reference signs in public or private facilities. Where this type of signage is made, there is a reference parallel to that of the visual text, made in the Braille system. Through this signaling, people with visual disabilities or low vision can identify where they are and thus be self-sufficient in daily performance. To interpret Braille, training must be carried out to acquire the learning of this language. In this case, one of the institutions is the Special School No. 6 located in the town of Rio Gallegos, province of Santa Cruz, where this training is carried out. In this project, logistical assistance has been provided, consisting of the provision of billboards in the Braille system, so that the students of Special School No. 6 can navigate the institution without help., Las personas con discapacidad visual o visión reducida conforman un grupo de personas que normalmente no son tenidas en cuenta al momento de realizar las señalizaciones de referencia en instalaciones públicas o privadas. En donde se realizan este tipo de señalización, existe una referencia paralela a la del texto visual, realizada en el sistema Braille. Mediante esta señalización las personas con discapacidad visual o baja visión pueden identificar donde se encuentran y de esta manera ser autosuficientes en el desempeño diario. Para interpretar Braille se debe realizar un entrenamiento para adquirir el aprendizaje de este lenguaje. En este caso, una de las instituciones es la Escuela Especial Nº 6 ubicada en la localidad de Rio Gallegos, provincia de Santa Cruz, donde se realiza este entrenamiento. En este proyecto, se ha realizado asistencia logística que consta en la provisión de cartelera en sistema Braille, a los efectos que los alumnos de la Escuela Especial Nº 6 puedan desenvolverse por la institución sin ayuda.

In this paper, we explore signs on toilet doors. Our aim is to contribute to an enhanced understanding of how goals and ambitions regarding inclusion are realised in design processes. We identify and outline three patterns for inclusive signage: 1) Addition, where inclusive signage is accomplished by adding more pictograms of different persons, 2) Combination, where inclusive signage is accomplished by composite pictograms, 3) what we choose to call Nonclusion, where nonclusive signage is accomplished by not depicting persons, bodies, or roles at all. We end by discussing the three patterns in terms of a growing unease towards inclusion as such and with the prevailing patterns of categorisation of people, bodies, and roles.

People with visual disabilities or reduced vision make up a group of people who are not normally taken into account when making reference signs in public or private facilities. Where this type of signage is made, there is a reference parallel to that of the visual text, made in the Braille system. Through this signaling, people with visual disabilities or low vision can identify where they are and thus be self-sufficient in daily performance. To interpret Braille, training must be carried out to acquire the learning of this language. In this case, one of the institutions is the Special School No. 6 located in the town of Rio Gallegos, province of Santa Cruz, where this training is carried out. In this project, logistical assistance has been provided, consisting of the provision of billboards in the Braille system, so that the students of Special School No. 6 can navigate the institution without help., Las personas con discapacidad visual o visión reducida conforman un grupo de personas que normalmente no son tenidas en cuenta al momento de realizar las señalizaciones de referencia en instalaciones públicas o privadas. En donde se realizan este tipo de señalización, existe una referencia paralela a la del texto visual, realizada en el sistema Braille. Mediante esta señalización las personas con discapacidad visual o baja visión pueden identificar donde se encuentran y de esta manera ser autosuficientes en el desempeño diario. Para interpretar Braille se debe realizar un entrenamiento para adquirir el aprendizaje de este lenguaje. En este caso, una de las instituciones es la Escuela Especial Nº 6 ubicada en la localidad de Rio Gallegos, provincia de Santa Cruz, donde se realiza este entrenamiento. En este proyecto, se ha realizado asistencia logística que consta en la provisión de cartelera en sistema Braille, a los efectos que los alumnos de la Escuela Especial Nº 6 puedan desenvolverse por la institución sin ayuda.

The purpose of the following report is to account for and summarize the authority and tasks that municipalities, authorities and contractors have in the implementation of temporary traffic diversions. In addition to this, the cooperation between all actors has also been investigated with the aim of finding out what types of routines and potential tools are used in connection with the work. The implementation of the report is based on a qualitative study, for which relevant people with different tasks have been interviewed or answered questionnaires. Furthermore, governing documents for relevant parties have been studied with the intention of describing the requirements that apply to work adjacent to or on the road. The results have subsequently been compiled in an account of the work parties' tasks, views and suggestions for improvement. In this it appears that the road maintenance authorities have an examinative responsibility and has the authority to approve the work carried out on its behalf. For and in particular all road works, of which the diversion is a part, traffic device plans must also be drawn up and describe solutions for traffic-related problems. These are the tasks of the executing contractor to draft with regard to the requirements of the road maintenance authority. It also appears that the majority of the interviewees consider the cooperation to be satisfactory, but state how interpretation of the governing documents can result in conflicts between the parties. In addition, significant differences for the systems used in the coordination can be noted for each municipality and authority.

[ES] En este trabajo se va a diseñar la señalética para el Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, sede del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se van a tener en cuenta las características históricas y funcionales del edificio además de su carácter institucional. Aparte también se contará con las necesidades de personas discapacitadas, sobretodo invidentes, que suelen ser excluidos de este tipo de proyectos. La señalética deberá de encajar con el espacio y formar parte activa de este., [EN] It this Project, the signage for the Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, headquarters of the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana, wiil be designed. The historical and functional characteristics of the building will be taken into account, wiht its institutional carácter. In addittionthe needs of disabled people, especially the blind, who are usually excluded from this tipe of Project, will also be met. The signage must fit in with the space and be an active part of it

In the present work, the behavior of winter sports outdoor athletes, more precisely the behavior of freeride athletes while skiing in deep snow was investigated. The relevance of this work stems from a large volume of accidents in the Austrian Alps and a lack of existing case studies investigating the perception of risk and the intended risk behavior of winter outdoor sports enthusiasts. Quote of the Austrian Board for Alpine Safety about avalanche accidents in Austria: “In Austria, between (1.11.2019 and 19.4.2020) 13 people were killed by avalanches, five of them in Tyrol. There were also three deaths in sledding accidents. There we´re a total of 46 alpine deaths in Tyrol. In the same period there were 2,258 injuries and a total of 3,293 accidents” (Austrian Board for Alpine Safety, 2020). For this purpose, a study was carried out using an experimental study design. In more detail, an experimental 2 x 2 between subject design was developed to determine how winter outdoor sport athletes behave in different situations. This study included four diversified scenarios to analyze the effects of pre-information in the form of expert advice and signage in the form of warning-signs. The intent was to measure the effect on the perceived risk and the resulting intended behavior of winter sport athletes. Therefore, a study was conducted with 281 participants. The resulting data were evaluated using the statistics program "SPSS" in the main part of this work. The results show that the intended behavior of outdoor sport enthusiasts, had a lower risk level if they faced pre-information about a potential danger in the form of expert advice or if they were warned by a warning-sign. Moreover, these elements have shown a great safety effect on intended behavior of freeride enthusiasts and, therefore, should be used especially in mountain areas to increase the level of safety in outdoor sports., Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft, Innsbruck, Univ., Masterarb., 2021

[ES] El punto de partida de la presente propuesta de Trabajo de Fin de Grado es la información disponible por los centros y departamentos de la UPV a la hora de identificar y gestionar sus espacios. Pese a existir un Sistema de Información Geográfico Institucional que lista, cataloga, e identifica todos y cada uno de los espacios de la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), su uso, tanto por parte de las instituciones como por parte de los usuarios resulta limitado y suele utilizarse en exclusiva para la gestión interna. Por otra parte, los usuarios de los espacios de la UPV necesitan información, tanto en relación a la forma y ubicación de los espacios que utilizan, como del nombre y características con las que se los conoce. En la actualidad, tanto la información planimétrica como la señalética de los espacios queda a criterio de cada centro, produciéndose una falta de homogeneidad en el tipo de información gráfica disponible. El objeto del presente trabajo de fin de grado es elaborar una propuesta metodológica que permita homogeneizar tanto el modo en que se elabora la información gráfica como el tipo de información señalética disponible por los usuarios. Como caso de estudio, se aplicará dicha propuesta metodológica a algunos de los centros docentes del Campus de Vera de la UPV., [EN] The starting point of the present proposal of the end of degree Project is the accessible information by the centres and departments of UPV at the time to identify and manage their sites. Despite the existing of the System of Institutional Geographical Information that lists, categorises, and identifies all and each of the sites of UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), its use, on both the institutions likewise from the users results limited and it usually is used in exclusive for the internal management. On the other hand, the users of the sites of UPV need information, both in relation to the shape and the location of the areas that they use, their names and characteristics which are recognised with. At the present time, both the planimetric information like the signage of the spaces it remains the criteria of each centre, producing an absence of homogeneity in the type of accessible graphical information. The objective of the end of degree project is to elaborate a methodological proposal that allows to homogenise both the way in which it elaborates the graphic information just as much as the type of signal information accessible by the users. In this case study, such methodological proposal will be applied to some of the educational centres of the Vera Campus of UPV., [CA] El punt de partida de la següent proposta de Treball de fi de Gau és la informació disponible per als centres i departaments de la UPV a l’hora d’identificar i gestionar els seus espais. Malgrat existir un Sistema d’Informació Geogràfic Institucional que llista, cataloga i identifica tots i cadascun dels espaisde la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), el seu ús, tant per part de les institucions com per part dels usuaris resulta limitat i sol utilitzar-se en exclusiva per a la gestió interna. D’altra banda, els usuaris dels espais de la UPV necessiten informació, tanten relació a la forma i ubicació dels espais que utilitzen, com del nom ilescaracterístiques amb les quals se’ls coneix. En l’actualitat, tant la informació planimètrica com la senyalística dels espais quedaa criteri de cada centre, tot produintse una falta d’homogeneïtat en el tipus d’informació gràfica disponible. L’objecte del present Treball de Fi de Grau és elaborar una proposta metodològica que permeta homogeneïtzar tant el mode en que s’elabora la informació gràfica com el tipus d’informació senyalística disponible per als usuaris. Com a cas d’estudi, s’aplicarà dita proposta metodològica a alguns dels centres docents del Campus de Vera de la UPV.

[ES] El punto de partida de la presente propuesta de Trabajo de Fin de Grado es la información disponible por los centros y departamentos de la UPV a la hora de identificar y gestionar sus espacios. Pese a existir un Sistema de Información Geográfico Institucional que lista, cataloga, e identifica todos y cada uno de los espacios de la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), su uso, tanto por parte de las instituciones como por parte de los usuarios resulta limitado y suele utilizarse en exclusiva para la gestión interna. Por otra parte, los usuarios de los espacios de la UPV necesitan información, tanto en relación a la forma y ubicación de los espacios que utilizan, como del nombre y características con las que se los conoce. En la actualidad, tanto la información planimétrica como la señalética de los espacios queda a criterio de cada centro, produciéndose una falta de homogeneidad en el tipo de información gráfica disponible. El objeto del presente trabajo de fin de grado es elaborar una propuesta metodológica que permita homogeneizar tanto el modo en que se elabora la información gráfica como el tipo de información señalética disponible por los usuarios. Como caso de estudio, se aplicará dicha propuesta metodológica a algunos de los centros docentes del Campus de Vera de la UPV., [EN] The starting point of the present proposal of the end of degree Project is the accessible information by the centres and departments of UPV at the time to identify and manage their sites. Despite the existing of the System of Institutional Geographical Information that lists, categorises, and identifies all and each of the sites of UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), its use, on both the institutions likewise from the users results limited and it usually is used in exclusive for the internal management. On the other hand, the users of the sites of UPV need information, both in relation to the shape and the location of the areas that they use, their names and characteristics which are recognised with. At the present time, both the planimetric information like the signage of the spaces it remains the criteria of each centre, producing an absence of homogeneity in the type of accessible graphical information. The objective of the end of degree project is to elaborate a methodological proposal that allows to homogenise both the way in which it elaborates the graphic information just as much as the type of signal information accessible by the users. In this case study, such methodological proposal will be applied to some of the educational centres of the Vera Campus of UPV., [CA] El punt de partida de la següent proposta de Treball de fi de Gau és la informació disponible per als centres i departaments de la UPV a l’hora d’identificar i gestionar els seus espais. Malgrat existir un Sistema d’Informació Geogràfic Institucional que llista, cataloga i identifica tots i cadascun dels espaisde la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), el seu ús, tant per part de les institucions com per part dels usuaris resulta limitat i sol utilitzar-se en exclusiva per a la gestió interna. D’altra banda, els usuaris dels espais de la UPV necessiten informació, tanten relació a la forma i ubicació dels espais que utilitzen, com del nom ilescaracterístiques amb les quals se’ls coneix. En l’actualitat, tant la informació planimètrica com la senyalística dels espais quedaa criteri de cada centre, tot produintse una falta d’homogeneïtat en el tipus d’informació gràfica disponible. L’objecte del present Treball de Fi de Grau és elaborar una proposta metodològica que permeta homogeneïtzar tant el mode en que s’elabora la informació gràfica com el tipus d’informació senyalística disponible per als usuaris. Com a cas d’estudi, s’aplicarà dita proposta metodològica a alguns dels centres docents del Campus de Vera de la UPV.

[ES] En este trabajo se va a diseñar la señalética para el Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, sede del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se van a tener en cuenta las características históricas y funcionales del edificio además de su carácter institucional. Aparte también se contará con las necesidades de personas discapacitadas, sobretodo invidentes, que suelen ser excluidos de este tipo de proyectos. La señalética deberá de encajar con el espacio y formar parte activa de este., [EN] It this Project, the signage for the Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, headquarters of the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana, wiil be designed. The historical and functional characteristics of the building will be taken into account, wiht its institutional carácter. In addittionthe needs of disabled people, especially the blind, who are usually excluded from this tipe of Project, will also be met. The signage must fit in with the space and be an active part of it

[ES] En este trabajo se va a diseñar la señalética para el Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, sede del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se van a tener en cuenta las características históricas y funcionales del edificio además de su carácter institucional. Aparte también se contará con las necesidades de personas discapacitadas, sobretodo invidentes, que suelen ser excluidos de este tipo de proyectos. La señalética deberá de encajar con el espacio y formar parte activa de este., [EN] It this Project, the signage for the Palacio de Justicia de Valencia, headquarters of the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana, wiil be designed. The historical and functional characteristics of the building will be taken into account, wiht its institutional carácter. In addittionthe needs of disabled people, especially the blind, who are usually excluded from this tipe of Project, will also be met. The signage must fit in with the space and be an active part of it

[ES] El punto de partida de la presente propuesta de Trabajo de Fin de Grado es la información disponible por los centros y departamentos de la UPV a la hora de identificar y gestionar sus espacios. Pese a existir un Sistema de Información Geográfico Institucional que lista, cataloga, e identifica todos y cada uno de los espacios de la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), su uso, tanto por parte de las instituciones como por parte de los usuarios resulta limitado y suele utilizarse en exclusiva para la gestión interna. Por otra parte, los usuarios de los espacios de la UPV necesitan información, tanto en relación a la forma y ubicación de los espacios que utilizan, como del nombre y características con las que se los conoce. En la actualidad, tanto la información planimétrica como la señalética de los espacios queda a criterio de cada centro, produciéndose una falta de homogeneidad en el tipo de información gráfica disponible. El objeto del presente trabajo de fin de grado es elaborar una propuesta metodológica que permita homogeneizar tanto el modo en que se elabora la información gráfica como el tipo de información señalética disponible por los usuarios. Como caso de estudio, se aplicará dicha propuesta metodológica a algunos de los centros docentes del Campus de Vera de la UPV., [EN] The starting point of the present proposal of the end of degree Project is the accessible information by the centres and departments of UPV at the time to identify and manage their sites. Despite the existing of the System of Institutional Geographical Information that lists, categorises, and identifies all and each of the sites of UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), its use, on both the institutions likewise from the users results limited and it usually is used in exclusive for the internal management. On the other hand, the users of the sites of UPV need information, both in relation to the shape and the location of the areas that they use, their names and characteristics which are recognised with. At the present time, both the planimetric information like the signage of the spaces it remains the criteria of each centre, producing an absence of homogeneity in the type of accessible graphical information. The objective of the end of degree project is to elaborate a methodological proposal that allows to homogenise both the way in which it elaborates the graphic information just as much as the type of signal information accessible by the users. In this case study, such methodological proposal will be applied to some of the educational centres of the Vera Campus of UPV., [CA] El punt de partida de la següent proposta de Treball de fi de Gau és la informació disponible per als centres i departaments de la UPV a l’hora d’identificar i gestionar els seus espais. Malgrat existir un Sistema d’Informació Geogràfic Institucional que llista, cataloga i identifica tots i cadascun dels espaisde la UPV (https://openmaps.upv.es/), el seu ús, tant per part de les institucions com per part dels usuaris resulta limitat i sol utilitzar-se en exclusiva per a la gestió interna. D’altra banda, els usuaris dels espais de la UPV necessiten informació, tanten relació a la forma i ubicació dels espais que utilitzen, com del nom ilescaracterístiques amb les quals se’ls coneix. En l’actualitat, tant la informació planimètrica com la senyalística dels espais quedaa criteri de cada centre, tot produintse una falta d’homogeneïtat en el tipus d’informació gràfica disponible. L’objecte del present Treball de Fi de Grau és elaborar una proposta metodològica que permeta homogeneïtzar tant el mode en que s’elabora la informació gràfica com el tipus d’informació senyalística disponible per als usuaris. Com a cas d’estudi, s’aplicarà dita proposta metodològica a alguns dels centres docents del Campus de Vera de la UPV.

Sign reads 'Please keep off grass' posted in treatment area.

Closed door labeled 'Herbicide storage'.

Properly labeled pesticide storage shed; labeled "Insecticide storage" and "Fungicide storage".

Yellow Caution Spill Area sign.

Yellow Caution Spill Area sign.

Abstract Background Successful implementation and long-term maintenance of healthy supermarkets initiatives are crucial to achieving potential population health benefits. Understanding barriers and enablers of implementation of real-world trials will enhance wide-scale implementation. This process evaluation of a healthy supermarket intervention sought to describe (i) customer, retailer and stakeholder perspectives on the intervention; (ii) intervention implementation; and (iii) implementation barriers and enablers. Methods Eat Well @ IGA was a 12-month randomised controlled trial conducted in 11 Independent Grocers of Australia (IGA) chain supermarkets in regional Victoria, Australia (5 intervention and 6 wait-listed control stores). Intervention components included trolley and basket signage, local area and in-store promotion, and shelf tags highlighting the healthiest packaged foods. A sequential mixed-methods process evaluation was undertaken. Customer exit surveys investigated demographics, and intervention recall and perceptions. Logistic mixed-models estimated associations between customer responses and demographics, with store as random effect. Supermarket staff surveys investigated staff demographics, interactions with customers, and intervention component feedback. Semi-structured stakeholder interviews with local government, retail and academic partners explored intervention perceptions, and factors which enabled or inhibited implementation, maintenance and scalability. Interviews were inductively coded to identify key themes. Results Of 500 customers surveyed, 33%[95%CI:23,44] recalled the Eat Well @ IGA brand and 97%[95%CI:93,99] agreed that IGA should continue its efforts to encourage healthy eating. The 82

The objective of this work is to present arguments and data, as well as photographs of signage in Mexico City, about the transformation of the Sociourbano Landscape due to COVID-19 through hermeneutical method. Since April 2020, signage about the pandemic has proliferated through posters and banners, located throughout the city, with respect to the Alert situation around the Alcadias or major ́s office. The messages that have been disseminated, have been all kinds of warnings such as, prevention messages not to leave the house; do not hold meetings; quarantine with designated buyer, use of a face mask and the healthy distance recommendations, in all types of human coexistence while returning to the new normal life. These combinations of images and words have violated the citizen space, the social, scholar activities, labor, and political relationships, generating a transformed Sociourbano Landscape, of risk. Without physically and symbolically integrating public space, the city loses its democratic process, being at the mercy of manipulation, or socially backsliding due to the increase in inequalities, overcome by public policies that increase fragmentation, segregation, people’s fear, desertification of the city and exclusion for the sake of health security., Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar argumentos y datos, así como fotografías sobre señalética en la Ciudad de México que muestran transformaciones del Paisaje Sociourbano por COVID-19, mediante método hermenéutico. Desde abril del 2020, la señalética sobre la pandemia ha proliferado mediante carteles y mantas, ubicados por toda la ciudad, con respecto a la situación de Alerta en Alcaldías y barrios. Los mensajes que se han difundido han sido todo tipo de advertencias tales como, mensajes de prevención para no salir de casa; no celebrar reuniones; cuarentena con comprador designado, uso de cubrebocas o mascarilla y las recomendaciones de sana distancia, en todo tipo de coexistencia humana en tanto se regresa a la nueva normalidad. Estas combinaciones de imágenes y palabras han vulnerado el espacio ciudadano, las relaciones en lo social, laboral, político, generando un Paisaje Sociourbano transformado, de riesgo. Sin espacio público integrador física y simbólicamente, la ciudad pierde su proceso democrático quedando a merced de la manipulación, o retrocediendo socialmente por el incremento de las desigualdades, superados por políticas públicas que incrementan la fragmentación, segregación, el miedo de la gente, la desertificación de la ciudad y la exclusión en aras de la seguridad sanitaria.

Yellow Caution Spill Area sign.

Properly labeled pesticide storage shed; labeled "Insecticide storage" and "Fungicide storage".

Yellow Caution Spill Area sign.

Sign reads 'Please keep off grass' posted in treatment area.

Closed door labeled 'Herbicide storage'.

Following mass demonstrations in response to the country’s 2008 economic collapse, a dynamic civil society has emerged in Iceland focused on democratic reform through rewriting the constitution. This article demonstrates how, in the absence of the new constitution that was promised by the government, protesters are pursuing an unfinished project of reform by holding small, routinized protests founded on an ethic of empathic solidarity (samkennd). By exploring the aesthetic elements of these meetings, I argue that the protest site is being used to highlight and condemn ongoing government transgression while also providing a space to prefigure a future free of political corruption. To this end, explicit signage is shown to be reshaping political discourse while also extending (and denying) kin bonds between protesters.

There is an ever-increasing number of touristic brown signs on German Autobahns. According to the Guidelines for Touristic Signage, these are supposed to both provide information on destinations of touristic interest and to give directions to the locations in question. However, whether or not they are actually noticed by drivers, whether drivers can remember these signs and the Points of Interest (PoI) shown on them, and whether they influence the drivers’ decision-making behaviour have as yet not been scientifically investigated. For the first time, an online survey now provides information on the answers to these questions.

Signage contributes to the well-being of society, to the safety of the population, to help discovering different possibilities and to education. This research seeks to demonstrate how design should address priority problems in society and verify a commitment to society and nature, from a social, environmental and economic point of view. Likewise, to collaborate with an equitable and fair society, being aware of the effects that the production of signs, their use and disuse after being designed and elaborated, entails. Thus, the social responsibility of the designer, linked to ethics and morals, must consider at all times, deontological aspects and those related to ergonomics, both in their production and in their operation., La señalética contribuye al bienestar de la sociedad, a la seguridad de la población, a ayudar a descubrir diferentes posibilidades y a la educación. Esta investigación busca demostrar cómo el diseño debe abordar problemas prioritarios de la sociedad y verificar un compromiso con ella y la naturaleza, desde un punto de vista social, ambiental y económico. Igualmente, colaborar con una sociedad equitativa y justa, teniendo conciencia de los efectos que supone la producción de las señales, su uso y desuso tras ser diseñados y elaborados. Así, la responsabilidad social del diseñador vinculada con la ética y moral, debe considerar en todo momento, aspectos deontológicos y referidos con la ergonomía, tanto en su producción como en su funcionamiento.

Signage is a cultural product that has a strong impact on social consensus, as it implies a common code of interpretation and recognition while defining certain behavior patterns. Through Transition Design as a theoretical support and referential framework, addressing ideas from Placemaking and Emotional Design, this work aims to reflect on the relationship between visual semantics, morphology and accessibility. Following this line, and based on the leverage points enunciated by Donella Meadows, the vision of the future proposed in this project is identified along with possible actions from which the design can intervene, through new models and methods of representation, in the concretion of a paradigm shift towards a more inclusive society., A sinalização é um produto cultural que tem um forte impacto no consenso social, pois implica um código comum de interpretação e reconhecimento ao definir certos padrões de comportamento. Através do Design for Transition como suporte teórico e referencial, abordando idéias de Placemaking e Design Emocional, este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a relação entre semântica visual, morfologia e acessibilidade. Seguindo essa linha, com base nos pontos de alavancagem enunciados por Donella Meadows, a visão do futuro proposta neste projeto é identificada juntamente com as possíveis ações das quais o design pode intervir, por meio de novos modelos e métodos de representação, na concretização de uma mudança de paradigma em direção a uma sociedade mais inclusiva., La señalética es un producto cultural que posee un fuerte impacto en los consensos sociales, en tanto implica un código común de interpretación y reconocimiento al tiempo que define ciertas pautas de comportamiento. Mediante el Diseño para la Transición como sustento teórico y marco referencial, abordando ideas provenientes del Placemaking y el Diseño Emocional, este trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre la relación entre semántica visual, morfología y accesibilidad. Siguiendo esta línea, a partir de los puntos de apalancamiento enunciados por Donella Meadows, se identifica la visión de futuro propuesta en este proyecto junto a posibles acciones a partir de las que el diseño puede intervenir, a través de nuevos modelos y métodos de representación, en la concreción de un cambio de paradigma hacia una sociedad más inclusiva.

Signage is a form of language and communication, characterized by its symbology. This symbology is standardized and can be considered as a reflection of the culture. These symbolic systems have been built throughout history with the ability to generate communication between people and their cultural environment, whether on public roads or within an organization, including information units, such as university libraries. In this context, the present work is framed. Its purpose is to characterize the typology of signage used in libraries of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile, determining its role and application. For this, field observation of the signage used was made, documented through observation sheets and photographs. The results suggest a regulatory use of signage, that is, to instruct users regarding their behavior in the library, among other conclusions., La señalética es una forma de lenguaje y comunicación, caracterizada por la simbología que contiene. Esta simbología es de carácter normalizado y se puede considerar como un reflejo de la cultura. Estos sistemas simbólicos se han construido a lo largo de la historia con la capacidad de generar comunicación entre las personas y su entorno cultural, ya sea en la vía pública o en el interior de una organización, entre las que se incluyen las unidades de información, tales como las bibliotecas universitarias. En este contexto se enmarca el presente trabajo, cuyo objetivo es caracterizar la tipología de señaléticas utilizadas en bibliotecas de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, determinando su rol y aplicación. Para ello se realizó una observación en terreno de las señaléticas utilizadas, documentándose a través de fichas de observación y fotografías. Los resultados sugieren un uso de tipo regulativo de las señaléticas; es decir, para instruir a los usuarios respecto de su comportamiento en la unidad de información, entre otras conclusiones.

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de establecer un retrato contextualizado de la situación del sistema de señalética de la Universidad de Sevilla, así como un marco de actuación para la mejora de este, junto con determinados elementos afines. Para ello, se define un marco conceptual sobre el que se hace el desarrollo del resto del trabajo y se realiza un análisis de la situación documental de un grupo de universidades públicas de España. Se efectúan una serie de análisis comparativos. Después, se realiza un estudio de campo de la situación del sistema de señalética en un conjunto relevante de centros propios. Por último, se plantea una serie de recomendaciones basadas en el estado y la taxonomía reales de este sistema de señalética., The purpose of this project is to establish a contextualized portrait of the signage system of the University of Seville, as well as a framework for its improvement, along with some related elements. To achieve that, a conceptual framework is defined for its use as a basis on the development of the project. A comparative analysis of the documentary situation of a group of Spanish public universities is made. Then, a field study of the situation of the signage system at a relevant group of centres is developed. Finally, a series of recommendations is made, based on the state and taxonomy of this signage system.

[CATALÀ] En aquest projecte es dissenya i valida un conjunt de suports museogràfics per a la Ciutadella de Roses. La finalitat d’aquest suports és que l’usuari s’informi i entengui la història que envolta el patrimoni conservat en aquest recinte, que data des del segle IV a.C fins al segle X. S’han dissenyat un total de tres mòduls expositors que encaixarien en una única estructura anomenats “Mobles Didàctics”. La disposició en grup d’aquests mobles, formarien les “Estacions Didàctiques de coneixement”; on l’usuari podrà interactuar amb el material exposat i assimilar més fàcilment els continguts de l'exposició. Per finalitzat es dissenyen uns panells de senyalística; per tal de generar una experiència més complerta i guiada que faciliti el recorregut als usuaris durant la visita al recinte. Per a generar el concepte, s’ha consultat al personal de DIDPATRI, grup de recerca vinculat a la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) que promou i te una llarga trajectòria en aquest camp. S’ha estudiat l’estat actual i disposició del recinte de la Ciutadella, la museografia de la qual disposa, els usuaris més freqüents i les condicions climàtiques de la zona; per a poder determinar els materials i recobriments necessaris per a les estructures a dissenyar. Per comprovar el dimensionat de les estructures, s’han estudiat dos casos extrems. Per als mobles didàctics, s’estudia el cas més desfavorable el moble conté el mòdul més pesat (mòdul 3), i a més, amb una força vertical de 1345 N i el segon dels casos seria estudi de carregues sobre el panell de senyalística, s’aplica una força de 117 N. Els resultats de la simulació realitzada amb programa Siemens NX mostren que la estructura de xapa i tubs es manté estable sotmesa a aquestes forces en ambdós casos. Per tal d’allargar la vida dels mòduls, els materials i recobriments escollits s’han aplicat en acompliment del briefing, normativa i criteris de disseny; tot seguint una idea de continuïtat respecte al mobiliari preexistent a la Ciutade, [ANGLÈS] This project designs and validates a set of museographic media for the Ciutadella de Roses. The purpose of this media is for the user to inform and understand the history that surrounds the heritage preserved in this site, dating from the fourth century BC to the tenth century. A total of three exhibit modules have been designed They would fit into a single structure called "Didactic Furniture." The arrangement in group of these furniture, would form the "Didactic Knowledge Stations"; where the user can interact with the exposed material and assimilate more easily the contents of the exhibition. Finally, signal panels are designed; in order to generate a more complete and guided experience that facilitates the route to users during the visit to the site. To generate the concept, the DIDPATRI staff, a research group linked to the University of Barcelona (UB), has been consulted that promotes and has a long history in this field. The current state and disposition of the Ciutadella site, the museography that has it, the most frequent users and the climatic conditions of the area has been studied; to be able to determine the materials and coatings necessary for the structures to be designed. To verify the dimensioning of the structures, two extreme cases have been studied. For educational furniture, the most unfavorable case is studied, the furniture contains the heavier module (module 3), and also with a vertical force of 1345 N and the second case would be the study of loads on the signaling panel, s 'applies a force of 117 N. The results of the simulation realized with the program Siemens NX show that the structure of sheet and tubes stays stable subjected to these forces in both cases. In order to extend the life of the modules, the selected materials and coatings have been applied in compliance with the briefing, regulations and design criteria; following an idea of continuity regarding the pre-existing furniture in Ciutadella. Nevertheless, an ecological

[EN] Projects of historical and cultural heritage have increasingly achieved a great significance in recent years. The importance of these sites is based on their ability to provide intrinsic value and visitation options, communicating knowledge to everyone, regardless of their abilities. Wayfinding plays an important role in achieving this goal, making cultural heritage more accessible. However, the achievement of accessibility for everyone in these projects is not easy. This requires a sensitive perception of people, of their various situations, and an exercise of restraint to balance the past and present, memory and invention. It is not possible to develop a single objective and universally valid theory. Each case must be studied to provide useful and respectful solutions. A descriptive and analytical methodology has been used, based on the research of cases that contemplate different situations; however, they share the common intention to carefully adapt to the place, with maximum respect for it. This article will study several information and signage projects in these heritage and cultural landscapes that use different resources to make the site more accessible. New technology applications also offer a wide range of opportunities, which vary in perceptive experiences, providing the ability to enhance the specific nature of future devices and signage systems that can be used to interact with people. The knowledge of different signaling options and information media offers the possibility of making a combined use of systems that make it possible to reach a greater number of people. As shown in the conclusion, the variety of visual, tactile, and acoustic elements coexist with digital resources, serving the purpose of highlighting different cultural spaces. This diversity of stimuli can comprise an efficient and dense network of continuously superimposed tools, signs, and symbols, which can provide the place with a voice and make it more inclusive.