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In 2021, the European Commission introduced the ‘Fit for 55’ package, a set of policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 55% by the year 2030. This initiative, aligned with the European Green Deal, seeks to make Europe a climate-neutral continent by 2050. A pivotal aspect of ‘Fit for 55’ is the proposed extension of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to the shipping industry. According to the European Commission, water transport accounts for 2.5% of global GHG emissions, while the shipping industry accounts for 13% of the EU's GHG emissions from transportation. This stringent new shipping policy makes it imperative to determine how the world's economy will respond, considering three distinct implementation proposals with different rates of policy introduction. Evaluating the short-term impacts of the policy is crucial to ensuring that the sustainability initiative is not only ambitious but also pragmatic and adaptable to the realities. To assess the implications, this paper uses the Leontief price model, the environmental input–output (EIO) model, and the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Table for 2018, which contains information for 45 sectors. The focus is on EU countries and its Top 10 Trading Countries. Our findings show that a short-term trade-off exists between economic and environmental goals and that environmental gains incur economic losses for key stakeholders. They also show that the impact of this policy is felt more by producers in the EU and consumers in non-EU countries than by other agents in the respective countries. Lastly, a recommendation from our study is that the policy should be phased in progressively to provide economic agents with the necessary adjustment time and thus minimize economic losses

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Considered the most cost and energy-efficient mode of transportation, the shipping industry is responsible for 90% of trade and is predicted to grow. Although it has been central for the development of nations, this activity is not exempt of negative externalities, largely contributing for unsustainability. A sustainable transition is, thus, required to address the overall supper wicked problem of the sustainability challenge. This thesis employed qualitative research composed of two main research phases. The first one assesses the alignment of IMO´s legislation with a sustainable transition for the shipping industry. A document analysis of this regulation was done by applying a methodology based on sustainability principles from the FSSD. Our findings point to multiple misalignments with both social and ecological principles, as well as a lack of a systems perspective of the industry. The second phase of the research explores what different practitioners perceive is needed for the sustainability transition. For this, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. An inductive data analysis resulted in 15 main findings, addressing different topics perceived as relevant for this transition. This included the need for a just and equitable transition; enhanced governance and more stringent regulations; as well as fair and unbiased treatment of seafarers.

Study purpose: The maritime shipping industry, particularly the commercial sector, is a significant contributor to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Various solutions are being proposed to enhance the sector's sustainability, including the adoption of wind propulsion technologies. However, the economic feasibility of these technologies on a large scale remains uncertain. Despite this, early adopters are forging ahead. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the underlying factors influencing shipping companies' decisions to choose wind propulsion technology, whether driven by operational, legislative, technological or other factors. Methodology: In order to identify the driving factors behind the adoption of wind propulsion technology, a grounded theory methodology was employed. The constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted for data collection, while Strauss and Corbin’s paradigm model and conditional/consequences matrix were used to analyse the results. The research methods included document analysis and intensive interviews, while existing literature on wind propulsion shipping provided the foundation for the research problem. Findings: The results of this study highlight several crucial factors that can be categorised based on the paradigm model. It is important to address the interconnectedness between these factors from three levels, including the individual, organisational, and international levels. The proposed theoretical framework suggests that the first adopters of wind propulsion technology are driven by emotions at the individual level, business concerns at the organisational level, and regulations at the international level. However, sustainability drivers are present at all levels. Research implications: This thesis contributes to theoretical, managerial, and social areas. The proposed theoretical framework complements existing theories such as the resource-based view and first-mover advantage, as well as broad concepts such as emoti

October 12, 2022, Shipping companies often charges nonlinear and discriminatory pricing for transportation. This paper shows that this nonlinear and discriminatory pricing in the shipping industry could hamper the welfare gains from trade due to withinindustry allocation across heterogeneous firms. I extend a standard heterogeneous firm trade model with variable markups by incorporating monopolistically competitive shipping companies that charge nonlinear and discriminatory pricing against manufacturers. In a standard setting, shipping companies optimally charge a higher transport price to the more productive firms, weakening within-industry reallocation toward productive firms. Elimination of this discriminatory practice could potentially increase the gains from trade.

October 12, 2022, Shipping companies often charges nonlinear and discriminatory pricing for transportation. This paper shows that this nonlinear and discriminatory pricing in the shipping industry could hamper the welfare gains from trade due to withinindustry allocation across heterogeneous firms. I extend a standard heterogeneous firm trade model with variable markups by incorporating monopolistically competitive shipping companies that charge nonlinear and discriminatory pricing against manufacturers. In a standard setting, shipping companies optimally charge a higher transport price to the more productive firms, weakening within-industry reallocation toward productive firms. Elimination of this discriminatory practice could potentially increase the gains from trade.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá kompozitními materiály využívanými v lodním průmyslu se zaměřením na veslařské lodě. Literární rešerše pojednává o vlastnostech kompozitu, veslování, materiálech a technologiích výrob používaných v lodním průmyslu a výrobě veslařských lodí. Experimentální část je zaměřena na studium fyzikálně - mechanických vlastností kompozitů vyrobených ruční laminací. Především je zkoumán vliv obsahu výztuže na výsledné vlastnosti kompozitu pro různé typy tkanin a nasákavost vzorků ve vodě., This master's thesis is focused on composite materials utilized in the boat building industry, particularly the rowing boats. In the literature review, characteristics of composite materials are described, as well as rowing, materials, and production technologies used in construction of rowing boats. In the experimental part, a study on physical and mechanical properties of composite materials made by hand lay-up process is presented. The research on the effects of volume of the reinforcement on the final properties of the composite material and water absorption in various types of fabrics was emphasised., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, Diplomantka přednesla výsledky své diplomové práce a zodpověděla dotazy členů komise., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Bringing together researchers from across the social sciences, this special issue provides insights on the sociological, socio-technical, psychological and health-related aspects of living and working on board today’s international merchant vessels. Most of the articles are based on presentations at the Visby Maritime Symposium, “International Merchant Shipping in the 21st century: Social Science Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges”, held on 10–12 October 2018 in Visby, Sweden. This introduction summarizes some of the ideas and insights emerging from the contributions.

Bringing together researchers from across the social sciences, this special issue provides insights on the sociological, socio-technical, psychological and health-related aspects of living and working on board today’s international merchant vessels. Most of the articles are based on presentations at the Visby Maritime Symposium, “International Merchant Shipping in the 21st century: Social Science Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges”, held on 10–12 October 2018 in Visby, Sweden. This introduction summarizes some of the ideas and insights emerging from the contributions.

Bringing together researchers from across the social sciences, this special issue provides insights on the sociological, socio-technical, psychological and health-related aspects of living and working on board today’s international merchant vessels. Most of the articles are based on presentations at the Visby Maritime Symposium, “International Merchant Shipping in the 21st century: Social Science Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges”, held on 10–12 October 2018 in Visby, Sweden. This introduction summarizes some of the ideas and insights emerging from the contributions.

Whale-ship collisions represent a threat to some whale population survival. The shipping industry rarely adopts solutions to reduce the risk of collisions. This lack of compliance is partly due to the fact that previous work has failed to assess the economic and logistic constraints these solutions put on the shipping industry. Our work explored for the first time the logistical considerations affecting the adoption of whale-ship collision avoidance approaches by shipping companies. We used a choice experiment approach to assess the shipping industry’s preferences for mitigation solutions, by questioning ship crews. Amongst other things, our results demonstrated a preference for avoiding a high-density whale area instead of reducing speed in it, and a requirement for upstream information to plan the journey depending on these areas. Our findings could be used as guidelines for the implementation of mitigation solutions depending on situational characteristics (e.g., travel distance, area’s size) and provide insights for policy-making to reduce the risk of whale-ship collisions.

September 18, 2021, This paper shows that the shipping industry could hamper the endogenous firm selection into production which is conducive to the overall productivity enhancement and welfare gains, through its discriminatory price. Naturally, if the shipping industry charges a higher transport price to the more productive manufacturing firms, sabotaging their competitive edges, those productive firms would not be capable of expanding as well as they otherwise would do under uniform transport fees, leaving enough space for the less productive firms to survive. Therefore, the effect from another source of gains from trade, firm selection is dampened. Elimination of this discriminatory practice could potentially increase the gains from trade.

September 18, 2021, Recent empirical research documented that there exists a nonlinear pricing phenomenon in the shipping industry. This paper strives to show how this empirical regularity would alter conventional results in trade literature. This paper also shows that when nonlinear pricing in the shipping industry is considered, while the average productivity is higher conducive to the higher welfare level, the gains from trade are generally lower than the situation without. In addition, the model built in this paper offers micro foundations for the additive trade cost and features an endogenous response of shipping charges to the iceberg trade cost, an empirical finding emphasized in Hummels et al. (2009). In a much broader sense, this paper argues that the heterogeneous firm model offers a lens through which traditional results on some interesting objects, for example, gains from trade, could be altered.

Bringing together researchers from across the social sciences, this special issue provides insights on the sociological, socio-technical, psychological and health-related aspects of living and working on board today’s international merchant vessels. Most of the articles are based on presentations at the Visby Maritime Symposium, “International Merchant Shipping in the 21st century: Social Science Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges”, held on 10–12 October 2018 in Visby, Sweden. This introduction summarizes some of the ideas and insights emerging from the contributions.

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to propose a methodological approach and a decision support tool, based on prescriptive analytics, to enable bulk ordering of spare parts for shipping companies operating fleets of vessels. The developed tool utilises Machine Learning (ML) and operations research algorithms, to forecast and optimize bulk spare parts orders needed to cover planned maintenance requirements on an annual basis and optimize the company’s purchasing decisions. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed approach consists of three discrete methodological steps, each one supported by a decision support tool based on clustering and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. In the first step, clustering is applied in order to identify high interest items. Next, a forecasting tool is developed for estimating the expected needs of the fleet and to test whether the needed quantity is influenced by the source of purchase. Finally, the selected items are cost-effectively allocated to a group of vendors. The performance of the tool is assessed by running a simulation of a bulk order process on a mixed fleet totaling 75 vessels. Findings: The overall findings and approach are quite promising Indicatively, shifting demand planning focus to critical spares, via clustering, can reduce administrative workload. Furthermore, the proposed forecasting approach results in a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 10% for specific components, with a potential for further reduction, as data availability increases. Finally, the cost optimizer can prescribe spare part acquisition scenarios that yield a 9% overall cost reduction over the span of two years. Originality/value: By adopting the proposed approach, shipping companies have the potential to produce meaningful results ranging from soft benefits, such as the rationalization of the workload of the purchasing department and its third party collaborators to hard, quantitative benefits, such as reducing the cost of the bulk ordering, Peer Reviewed

Whale-ship collisions represent a threat to some whale population survival. The shipping industry rarely adopts solutions to reduce the risk of collisions. This lack of compliance is partly due to the fact that previous work has failed to assess the economic and logistic constraints these solutions put on the shipping industry. Our work explored for the first time the logistical considerations affecting the adoption of whale-ship collision avoidance approaches by shipping companies. We used a choice experiment approach to assess the shipping industry’s preferences for mitigation solutions, by questioning ship crews. Amongst other things, our results demonstrated a preference for avoiding a high-density whale area instead of reducing speed in it, and a requirement for upstream information to plan the journey depending on these areas. Our findings could be used as guidelines for the implementation of mitigation solutions depending on situational characteristics (e.g., travel distance, area’s size) and provide insights for policy-making to reduce the risk of whale-ship collisions.

Bringing together researchers from across the social sciences, this special issue provides insights on the sociological, socio-technical, psychological and health-related aspects of living and working on board today’s international merchant vessels. Most of the articles are based on presentations at the Visby Maritime Symposium, “International Merchant Shipping in the 21st century: Social Science Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges”, held on 10–12 October 2018 in Visby, Sweden. This introduction summarizes some of the ideas and insights emerging from the contributions.

[ES] En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, la industria marítima se ha posicionado como la columna vertebral del comercio global, transportando aproximadamente el 80% del tonelaje de todos los bienes comercializados mundialmente. Como cualquier otro medio de transporte que utiliza combustibles fósiles, tiene un impacto ambiental significativo. Por este motivo, las emisiones del sector marítimo deben reducirse para reducir así la contaminación del aire y sus efectos en el cambio climático. Esto requerirá una combinación de tecnologías más ecológicas y sistemas con mayor eficiencia energética, donde las fuentes de energía renovable puedan ser implementadas en cualquier nivel, desde grandes buques de carga hasta embarcaciones de recreo o de pesca. En este trabajo, se estudiará la posible configuración del sistema energético basado en tecnologías de energías renovables que permitan a los barcos una navegación duradera. Para realizar este estudio, se llevarán a cabo las siguientes tareas: introducción del concepto de microrred y sus desafíos existentes, resumen sobre la generación distribuida y las fuentes de energía renovable, investigación sobre qué tipos de generación distribuida se pueden aplicar en los buques e investigación de los modelos o conceptos existentes en buques reales, y finalmente, modelado y evaluación de una posible configuración de microrred para buques, analizando las limitaciones de esta., [EN] Ships are one of the most important means of transport in human history and the backbone of global trade. Despite being the most efficient mode of commercial transport in terms of CO2 emissions per tonne of cargo carried, shipping has a significant environmental impact. Therefore, emissions from the shipping sector must be decreased through a combination of eco-friendly technologies and energy-efficient systems, which help reduce air pollution and climate change impacts. This thesis aims to study the use of microgrids as a renewable energy option for ships. This means investigating possible configurations of energy system based on renewable energy technology that allow ships for a durable traveling. In order to fulfil this, the microgrid concept and its related challenges have been introduced, as well as a review on distributed generation and renewable energy sources. Besides, research on distributed generation and renewable energy sources applied on ships has been carried out, and existing energy system models for real ships have been reviewed. Finally, the implementation of some type of renewable technology explained in the thesis on a small recreational boat and a large cargo vessel has been proposed.

[ES] En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, la industria marítima se ha posicionado como la columna vertebral del comercio global, transportando aproximadamente el 80% del tonelaje de todos los bienes comercializados mundialmente. Como cualquier otro medio de transporte que utiliza combustibles fósiles, tiene un impacto ambiental significativo. Por este motivo, las emisiones del sector marítimo deben reducirse para reducir así la contaminación del aire y sus efectos en el cambio climático. Esto requerirá una combinación de tecnologías más ecológicas y sistemas con mayor eficiencia energética, donde las fuentes de energía renovable puedan ser implementadas en cualquier nivel, desde grandes buques de carga hasta embarcaciones de recreo o de pesca. En este trabajo, se estudiará la posible configuración del sistema energético basado en tecnologías de energías renovables que permitan a los barcos una navegación duradera. Para realizar este estudio, se llevarán a cabo las siguientes tareas: introducción del concepto de microrred y sus desafíos existentes, resumen sobre la generación distribuida y las fuentes de energía renovable, investigación sobre qué tipos de generación distribuida se pueden aplicar en los buques e investigación de los modelos o conceptos existentes en buques reales, y finalmente, modelado y evaluación de una posible configuración de microrred para buques, analizando las limitaciones de esta., [EN] Ships are one of the most important means of transport in human history and the backbone of global trade. Despite being the most efficient mode of commercial transport in terms of CO2 emissions per tonne of cargo carried, shipping has a significant environmental impact. Therefore, emissions from the shipping sector must be decreased through a combination of eco-friendly technologies and energy-efficient systems, which help reduce air pollution and climate change impacts. This thesis aims to study the use of microgrids as a renewable energy option for ships. This means investigating possible configurations of energy system based on renewable energy technology that allow ships for a durable traveling. In order to fulfil this, the microgrid concept and its related challenges have been introduced, as well as a review on distributed generation and renewable energy sources. Besides, research on distributed generation and renewable energy sources applied on ships has been carried out, and existing energy system models for real ships have been reviewed. Finally, the implementation of some type of renewable technology explained in the thesis on a small recreational boat and a large cargo vessel has been proposed.

[ES] En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, la industria marítima se ha posicionado como la columna vertebral del comercio global, transportando aproximadamente el 80% del tonelaje de todos los bienes comercializados mundialmente. Como cualquier otro medio de transporte que utiliza combustibles fósiles, tiene un impacto ambiental significativo. Por este motivo, las emisiones del sector marítimo deben reducirse para reducir así la contaminación del aire y sus efectos en el cambio climático. Esto requerirá una combinación de tecnologías más ecológicas y sistemas con mayor eficiencia energética, donde las fuentes de energía renovable puedan ser implementadas en cualquier nivel, desde grandes buques de carga hasta embarcaciones de recreo o de pesca. En este trabajo, se estudiará la posible configuración del sistema energético basado en tecnologías de energías renovables que permitan a los barcos una navegación duradera. Para realizar este estudio, se llevarán a cabo las siguientes tareas: introducción del concepto de microrred y sus desafíos existentes, resumen sobre la generación distribuida y las fuentes de energía renovable, investigación sobre qué tipos de generación distribuida se pueden aplicar en los buques e investigación de los modelos o conceptos existentes en buques reales, y finalmente, modelado y evaluación de una posible configuración de microrred para buques, analizando las limitaciones de esta., [EN] Ships are one of the most important means of transport in human history and the backbone of global trade. Despite being the most efficient mode of commercial transport in terms of CO2 emissions per tonne of cargo carried, shipping has a significant environmental impact. Therefore, emissions from the shipping sector must be decreased through a combination of eco-friendly technologies and energy-efficient systems, which help reduce air pollution and climate change impacts. This thesis aims to study the use of microgrids as a renewable energy option for ships. This means investigating possible configurations of energy system based on renewable energy technology that allow ships for a durable traveling. In order to fulfil this, the microgrid concept and its related challenges have been introduced, as well as a review on distributed generation and renewable energy sources. Besides, research on distributed generation and renewable energy sources applied on ships has been carried out, and existing energy system models for real ships have been reviewed. Finally, the implementation of some type of renewable technology explained in the thesis on a small recreational boat and a large cargo vessel has been proposed.

[ES] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y análisis del impacto e influencia que tienen en el mundo hoy en día las innovadoras y disruptivas tecnologías como el Big Data o el Internet de las Cosas. Causas de fenómenos como la digitalización y la globalización. Para poder competir bajo estas nuevas circumstancias, las compañías se ven empujadas a fomentar y adoptar nuevos enfoques, soluciones y tecnologías en sus modelos de negocio prestando especial atención a la cadena de suministro y logística. En este informe se recogen también las causas por las que estas transformaciones están teniendo lugar así como los riesgos, desafíos y beneficios que conlleva su implementación en las empresas. Además, la tesis aborda todo lo anterior centrándose en la industria del transporte marítitmo. Para ello, la literatura y los artículos e informes más recientes y relevantes han sido recogidos, leídos, estudiados, analizados y revisados. Al terminar esta tesis, el lector a parte de tener una visión más clara y actualizada de la situación actual, entederá mejor lo que suponen todas estas innovaciones y su influencia en el mundo de hoy y de mañana., [EN] The main objective of this thesis is the study and analysis of the impact and influence that the innovative and disruptive technologies such as Big Data or the Internet of Things have in the world today. Causing phenomena such as digitalization and globalization. In order to compete under these new circumstances, companies are driven to encourage and adopt new approaches, solutions and technologies in their business models, paying special attention to the supply chain. This report also includes the reasons why these transformations are taking place, as well as the risks, challenges and benefits of implementing them in companies. In addition, the thesis addresses all of the above focusing on the shipping industry. To do so, the literature and the most recent and relevant articles and reports have been collected, read, studied, analyzed and reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the reader, in addition to having a clearer and more up-to-date view of the current situation, will understand better what all these innovations entail and their influence on the world of today and tomorrow.

[ES] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y análisis del impacto e influencia que tienen en el mundo hoy en día las innovadoras y disruptivas tecnologías como el Big Data o el Internet de las Cosas. Causas de fenómenos como la digitalización y la globalización. Para poder competir bajo estas nuevas circumstancias, las compañías se ven empujadas a fomentar y adoptar nuevos enfoques, soluciones y tecnologías en sus modelos de negocio prestando especial atención a la cadena de suministro y logística. En este informe se recogen también las causas por las que estas transformaciones están teniendo lugar así como los riesgos, desafíos y beneficios que conlleva su implementación en las empresas. Además, la tesis aborda todo lo anterior centrándose en la industria del transporte marítitmo. Para ello, la literatura y los artículos e informes más recientes y relevantes han sido recogidos, leídos, estudiados, analizados y revisados. Al terminar esta tesis, el lector a parte de tener una visión más clara y actualizada de la situación actual, entederá mejor lo que suponen todas estas innovaciones y su influencia en el mundo de hoy y de mañana., [EN] The main objective of this thesis is the study and analysis of the impact and influence that the innovative and disruptive technologies such as Big Data or the Internet of Things have in the world today. Causing phenomena such as digitalization and globalization. In order to compete under these new circumstances, companies are driven to encourage and adopt new approaches, solutions and technologies in their business models, paying special attention to the supply chain. This report also includes the reasons why these transformations are taking place, as well as the risks, challenges and benefits of implementing them in companies. In addition, the thesis addresses all of the above focusing on the shipping industry. To do so, the literature and the most recent and relevant articles and reports have been collected, read, studied, analyzed and reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the reader, in addition to having a clearer and more up-to-date view of the current situation, will understand better what all these innovations entail and their influence on the world of today and tomorrow.

[ES] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y análisis del impacto e influencia que tienen en el mundo hoy en día las innovadoras y disruptivas tecnologías como el Big Data o el Internet de las Cosas. Causas de fenómenos como la digitalización y la globalización. Para poder competir bajo estas nuevas circumstancias, las compañías se ven empujadas a fomentar y adoptar nuevos enfoques, soluciones y tecnologías en sus modelos de negocio prestando especial atención a la cadena de suministro y logística. En este informe se recogen también las causas por las que estas transformaciones están teniendo lugar así como los riesgos, desafíos y beneficios que conlleva su implementación en las empresas. Además, la tesis aborda todo lo anterior centrándose en la industria del transporte marítitmo. Para ello, la literatura y los artículos e informes más recientes y relevantes han sido recogidos, leídos, estudiados, analizados y revisados. Al terminar esta tesis, el lector a parte de tener una visión más clara y actualizada de la situación actual, entederá mejor lo que suponen todas estas innovaciones y su influencia en el mundo de hoy y de mañana., [EN] The main objective of this thesis is the study and analysis of the impact and influence that the innovative and disruptive technologies such as Big Data or the Internet of Things have in the world today. Causing phenomena such as digitalization and globalization. In order to compete under these new circumstances, companies are driven to encourage and adopt new approaches, solutions and technologies in their business models, paying special attention to the supply chain. This report also includes the reasons why these transformations are taking place, as well as the risks, challenges and benefits of implementing them in companies. In addition, the thesis addresses all of the above focusing on the shipping industry. To do so, the literature and the most recent and relevant articles and reports have been collected, read, studied, analyzed and reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the reader, in addition to having a clearer and more up-to-date view of the current situation, will understand better what all these innovations entail and their influence on the world of today and tomorrow.

[ES] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y análisis del impacto e influencia que tienen en el mundo hoy en día las innovadoras y disruptivas tecnologías como el Big Data o el Internet de las Cosas. Causas de fenómenos como la digitalización y la globalización. Para poder competir bajo estas nuevas circumstancias, las compañías se ven empujadas a fomentar y adoptar nuevos enfoques, soluciones y tecnologías en sus modelos de negocio prestando especial atención a la cadena de suministro y logística. En este informe se recogen también las causas por las que estas transformaciones están teniendo lugar así como los riesgos, desafíos y beneficios que conlleva su implementación en las empresas. Además, la tesis aborda todo lo anterior centrándose en la industria del transporte marítitmo. Para ello, la literatura y los artículos e informes más recientes y relevantes han sido recogidos, leídos, estudiados, analizados y revisados. Al terminar esta tesis, el lector a parte de tener una visión más clara y actualizada de la situación actual, entederá mejor lo que suponen todas estas innovaciones y su influencia en el mundo de hoy y de mañana., [EN] The main objective of this thesis is the study and analysis of the impact and influence that the innovative and disruptive technologies such as Big Data or the Internet of Things have in the world today. Causing phenomena such as digitalization and globalization. In order to compete under these new circumstances, companies are driven to encourage and adopt new approaches, solutions and technologies in their business models, paying special attention to the supply chain. This report also includes the reasons why these transformations are taking place, as well as the risks, challenges and benefits of implementing them in companies. In addition, the thesis addresses all of the above focusing on the shipping industry. To do so, the literature and the most recent and relevant articles and reports have been collected, read, studied, analyzed and reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the reader, in addition to having a clearer and more up-to-date view of the current situation, will understand better what all these innovations entail and their influence on the world of today and tomorrow.

This project deals with the industrial heritage of Gibraltar and its future prospects in the context of the global economy and the local culture. More particularly, it is about an upgrade of a ship repair yard known as Gibdock. It is aiming to counterbalance the issue between the ecological and Gibraltar’s economy, improving a better quality of the local environment to Gibraltar, and while providing efficiency and convenience as if a pit stop, to make a profit on the global stage of the maritime industry.It is strategically located in the western Mediterranean but cannot accommodate the majority of current container ships due to its limited size of dry-docks. Historically, Gibraltar has been fortified for many centuries, and human activities happened both on land and on ocean—Gibdock used to be a British naval dock (S, M and L size) for repairing and docking battleships, and has dominated Gibraltar’s economy with the naval dockyard providing the bulk of economic activity until 1984— this, however, has changed after then, and these undersized docks impeded Gibdock to catch up on new demands in ship repairs and refits currently.The upgrade strategy critically considers new international marine regulations, anticipating standard sizes, operations quantity, type of repairs for the next decades. It finalizes what kind of refits to ships need to complete, in order to comply to new rules. This anticipation of design is based on a wide range of sizes in relation to container ships, machine operations, spare parts, and considers how this design can turn the side effect of heavy industry in positive way. As a consequence, a new piece of infrastructure modernizes these S, M, and L docks while a new wet-dock in front of the existing docks enables Gibdock to modify XL boats. The service Gibdock provides is part of a larger marine business strategy called the ‘’one-stop-shop”. By offering all the services in one place —Gibraltar can gain a competitive advantage over Ports which o, Beyond the Rock, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

This project deals with the industrial heritage of Gibraltar and its future prospects in the context of the global economy and the local culture. More particularly, it is about an upgrade of a ship repair yard known as Gibdock. It is aiming to counterbalance the issue between the ecological and Gibraltar’s economy, improving a better quality of the local environment to Gibraltar, and while providing efficiency and convenience as if a pit stop, to make a profit on the global stage of the maritime industry.It is strategically located in the western Mediterranean but cannot accommodate the majority of current container ships due to its limited size of dry-docks. Historically, Gibraltar has been fortified for many centuries, and human activities happened both on land and on ocean—Gibdock used to be a British naval dock (S, M and L size) for repairing and docking battleships, and has dominated Gibraltar’s economy with the naval dockyard providing the bulk of economic activity until 1984— this, however, has changed after then, and these undersized docks impeded Gibdock to catch up on new demands in ship repairs and refits currently.The upgrade strategy critically considers new international marine regulations, anticipating standard sizes, operations quantity, type of repairs for the next decades. It finalizes what kind of refits to ships need to complete, in order to comply to new rules. This anticipation of design is based on a wide range of sizes in relation to container ships, machine operations, spare parts, and considers how this design can turn the side effect of heavy industry in positive way. As a consequence, a new piece of infrastructure modernizes these S, M, and L docks while a new wet-dock in front of the existing docks enables Gibdock to modify XL boats. The service Gibdock provides is part of a larger marine business strategy called the ‘’one-stop-shop”. By offering all the services in one place —Gibraltar can gain a competitive advantage over Ports which o, Beyond the Rock, The Berlage Post-MSc in Architecture and Urban Design

As evidenced by the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, corporations cheat on environmental regulations. Such scandals have created a surge in the academic literature in a wide range of areas, including corporate law, administrative law, and deterrence theory. This article furthers that literature by focusing on one particular area of corporate cheating—the ability to learn of the cheating in the first place. Detecting corporate cheating requires significant information about corporate behavior, activity, and output. Indeed, most agencies have broad statutory authority to collect such information from corporations, through targeted records requests, and inspection. However, authority is different from ability. The corporate world moves quickly, the number of regulated entities are many, and agencies often face legal and resource challenges to information collection processes that can impede detection of cheating. As a result, this article advocates for a shift in focus to mandatory self-monitoring and reporting mechanisms that place the initial burden of detection on the regulated corporate entity instead of the agency. It uses, as a case study, sulfur dioxide air pollution standards in the shipping industry to demonstrate that such a shift can improve the likelihood of detecting cheating. International standards for the harmful pollutant sulfur dioxide became more stringent in January 2020, and the price difference between compliance and non-compliance is high. Therefore, there is a significant incentive for shipping companies to cheat. Failure of agencies to catch the cheaters not only undermines the anticipated public benefits of the regulations, but it also creates an uneven playing field for those regulated entities that spend the money to comply. However, agencies alone simply cannot be responsible for all detection of corporate cheating. They need help from those that have the requisite information, specifically the regulated entities themselves.

The current approach in the shipping industry by the use of highly toxic coating systems is harmful for our inland waterways and oceans, does not benefit the public health and is very undesirable for all aquatic organisms on our planet. Almost every vessel today uses a toxic coating system which releases toxic compounds continually into our waterways and oceans. In this thesis a research is done to give an answer to the main question: ‘Is there an environmentally friendly and economically attractive coating for the shipping industry that deals with biofouling’. The best approach examined by multiple criteria, is the use of a Hard, Inert Coating. Toxic compounds, like zinc anodes and copper, won’t be released into our waterways anymore. Therefore, the sediments of rivers and ports are better protected from pollution. Which will benefit the water quality and the public health. The Hard, Inert Coating is the solution to prevent the NIS (non-indigenous species) problem. Because the vessel will be cleaned before leaving the port, no more marine organisms will be transported from their own ecosystem to another. Governments and port authorities will save a lot of money by preventing this problem. Clean hulls will give less resistance and will save a lot of fuel consumption and improve its speed. Worldwide, the Hard, Inert Coating system could save $70.000.000.000 worldwide in one year. The sixteen largest ships in this world provide just as much pollution as 800 million cars. If you save 30 percent on fuel, it’s like you’re taking 240 million cars off the road. As Hard, Inert Coatings are clean and do not emit harmful substances, more jobs in North- West Europe will be created. Currently, most ships go for repairs to dry docks in southern Europe and the Persian Gulf. Ruling on the use of toxic compounds are less observed here. By introducing a Hard, Inert Coating repainting is no longer required, and ships can be dry docked without any negative effec

The current approach in the shipping industry by the use of highly toxic coating systems is harmful for our inland waterways and oceans, does not benefit the public health and is very undesirable for all aquatic organisms on our planet. Almost every vessel today uses a toxic coating system which releases toxic compounds continually into our waterways and oceans. In this thesis a research is done to give an answer to the main question: ‘Is there an environmentally friendly and economically attractive coating for the shipping industry that deals with biofouling’. The best approach examined by multiple criteria, is the use of a Hard, Inert Coating. Toxic compounds, like zinc anodes and copper, won’t be released into our waterways anymore. Therefore, the sediments of rivers and ports are better protected from pollution. Which will benefit the water quality and the public health. The Hard, Inert Coating is the solution to prevent the NIS (non-indigenous species) problem. Because the vessel will be cleaned before leaving the port, no more marine organisms will be transported from their own ecosystem to another. Governments and port authorities will save a lot of money by preventing this problem. Clean hulls will give less resistance and will save a lot of fuel consumption and improve its speed. Worldwide, the Hard, Inert Coating system could save $70.000.000.000 worldwide in one year. The sixteen largest ships in this world provide just as much pollution as 800 million cars. If you save 30 percent on fuel, it’s like you’re taking 240 million cars off the road. As Hard, Inert Coatings are clean and do not emit harmful substances, more jobs in North- West Europe will be created. Currently, most ships go for repairs to dry docks in southern Europe and the Persian Gulf. Ruling on the use of toxic compounds are less observed here. By introducing a Hard, Inert Coating repainting is no longer required, and ships can be dry docked without any negative effec

Title: The Swedish Container Shipping Industry: An Analysis of the Service Quality Perception and its Measurement Purpose of the paper: The aim of this research paper is to gain a greater understanding of the container shipping industry. This way the notion of service quality can be brought to the given industry and acknowledge the perceptions of various actors regarding the aspects of quality in seaports. This study aims to analyze the service quality in a container terminal as well as confronting the views of service providers and their customers. Methodology: In order to complete the study, a qualitative approach have been used, composed of 11 interviews, completed by 1 focus group. The interviews could be assimilated as case studies due to the access of several documents, analyzed at a later stage. Findings: The findings of this research show that the academia relates a globally accurate image of the industry practices within the container shipping industry. However, several components of the service quality could be evaluated differently, including a better understanding of the Swedish market specificities, and the application of some of the following factors to the named market. The factors concerned by the gap between the academia and the industry practices are the lack of insights on consistency, flexibility, service encounter and relationships, and an over-developed interest for security and safety, certifications and measuring scales. Value: This thesis was written with the objective of associating the academia with industry practices. In addition, the perception of quality by different actors in the container shipping industry are confronted to enlighten the gaps around the concept of service quality. Research Implications: This research study attempts to bring new insights on the Swedish container shipping industry and confront the results of previous studied to this specific market. In addition, the confrontation of perspectives from the actors intervie

The purpose of this project is to analyse the current situation of reefer container monitoring systems, how do they work and possible improvements. After going through the basic characteristics and the market situation of reefer containers I will go deeper into ZIMonitor equipment. ZIMonitors are special reefer containers able to be tracked and monitored from origin to destination. By analyzing its components and how does the information flow from the sensors and devices of the containers to the client, I have considered possible improvements or modifications to the system. These include remote settings’ change, automatic Pre-Trip Inspection, the use of a more environmentally friendly refrigeration unit, benefits obtained by complying with international certifications, analysis of the reefers’ data and reuse of older units. By analyzing a survey carried out among ZIM employees and taking into account the proposals developed along the project I can conclude there are still lots of possibilities of improvement and all proposals should be linked with innovation and environmental awareness., El propòsit d'aquest projecte és analitzar la situació actual dels sistemes de monitorització de contenidors reefer, com funcionen i possibles millores. Després d'estudiar les característiques bàsiques i la situació del mercat dels contenidors reefer, aprofundiré en els equips ZIMonitor. Els ZIMonitor són contenidors reefer especials dels quals es pot realitzar el seguiment i monitorització d'origen a destí. Analitzant els seus components i com flueix la informació dels sensors i dispositius dels contenidors fins a arribar al client, he considerat possibles millores o modificacions al sistema. Aquests inclouen el canvi de configuració remota, la inspecció automàtica prèvia al viatge, l'ús d'una unitat de refrigeració més respectuosa amb el medi ambient, els beneficis obtinguts mitjançant el compliment de les certificacions internacionals, l'anàlisi de les dades dels reefers i la reutilització de les unitats més antigues. Analitzant una enquesta realitzada entre els empleats de ZIM i tenint en compte les propostes desenvolupades durant el projecte, puc concloure que encara queden moltes possibilitats de millora i que totes elles haurien d’anar lligades amb la innovació i la consciència mediambiental.

Title: The Swedish Container Shipping Industry: An Analysis of the Service Quality Perception and its Measurement Purpose of the paper: The aim of this research paper is to gain a greater understanding of the container shipping industry. This way the notion of service quality can be brought to the given industry and acknowledge the perceptions of various actors regarding the aspects of quality in seaports. This study aims to analyze the service quality in a container terminal as well as confronting the views of service providers and their customers. Methodology: In order to complete the study, a qualitative approach have been used, composed of 11 interviews, completed by 1 focus group. The interviews could be assimilated as case studies due to the access of several documents, analyzed at a later stage. Findings: The findings of this research show that the academia relates a globally accurate image of the industry practices within the container shipping industry. However, several components of the service quality could be evaluated differently, including a better understanding of the Swedish market specificities, and the application of some of the following factors to the named market. The factors concerned by the gap between the academia and the industry practices are the lack of insights on consistency, flexibility, service encounter and relationships, and an over-developed interest for security and safety, certifications and measuring scales. Value: This thesis was written with the objective of associating the academia with industry practices. In addition, the perception of quality by different actors in the container shipping industry are confronted to enlighten the gaps around the concept of service quality. Research Implications: This research study attempts to bring new insights on the Swedish container shipping industry and confront the results of previous studied to this specific market. In addition, the confrontation of perspectives from the actors intervie

Consulta en la Biblioteca ETSI Industriales (Riunet), [EN] Environmental awareness has been increasing during the latest years in every field of technology. Shipping industry is not an exception, with International Marine Organisation at the from developing new regulations to cut emissions generated by vessels. This scenario of research to achieve lower emissions has seen the reborn of the most traditional source of energy for shipping industry: wind energy. In this work, kite propulsion as a wind assistance technology is studied, with the aim of assessing its feasibility to work as a device capable to decrease emissions from ships and save fuel. Thanks to previous work from Cranfield University, kite propulsion will be also compared with other wind assistance technologies: Flettner rotor and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Besides, the use of gas turbine for commercial applications is assessed and compared with Diesel engine as main prime mover for ships of our time. Also, a study on the gains from the installation of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine is undertaken. Focus on this work relies on the environmental concerns, which are consequence of the use of fossil fuels, and the technical issues related to the use of wind assistance technologies on commercial ships worldwide. Results have shown that the use of wind assistance technology, kite specifically, can lead to important fuel savings and emissions reductions and these can be maximised if external conditions and performance are optimal.

Consulta en la Biblioteca ETSI Industriales (Riunet), [EN] Environmental awareness has been increasing during the latest years in every field of technology. Shipping industry is not an exception, with International Marine Organisation at the from developing new regulations to cut emissions generated by vessels. This scenario of research to achieve lower emissions has seen the reborn of the most traditional source of energy for shipping industry: wind energy. In this work, kite propulsion as a wind assistance technology is studied, with the aim of assessing its feasibility to work as a device capable to decrease emissions from ships and save fuel. Thanks to previous work from Cranfield University, kite propulsion will be also compared with other wind assistance technologies: Flettner rotor and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Besides, the use of gas turbine for commercial applications is assessed and compared with Diesel engine as main prime mover for ships of our time. Also, a study on the gains from the installation of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine is undertaken. Focus on this work relies on the environmental concerns, which are consequence of the use of fossil fuels, and the technical issues related to the use of wind assistance technologies on commercial ships worldwide. Results have shown that the use of wind assistance technology, kite specifically, can lead to important fuel savings and emissions reductions and these can be maximised if external conditions and performance are optimal.

Consulta en la Biblioteca ETSI Industriales (Riunet), [EN] Environmental awareness has been increasing during the latest years in every field of technology. Shipping industry is not an exception, with International Marine Organisation at the from developing new regulations to cut emissions generated by vessels. This scenario of research to achieve lower emissions has seen the reborn of the most traditional source of energy for shipping industry: wind energy. In this work, kite propulsion as a wind assistance technology is studied, with the aim of assessing its feasibility to work as a device capable to decrease emissions from ships and save fuel. Thanks to previous work from Cranfield University, kite propulsion will be also compared with other wind assistance technologies: Flettner rotor and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Besides, the use of gas turbine for commercial applications is assessed and compared with Diesel engine as main prime mover for ships of our time. Also, a study on the gains from the installation of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine is undertaken. Focus on this work relies on the environmental concerns, which are consequence of the use of fossil fuels, and the technical issues related to the use of wind assistance technologies on commercial ships worldwide. Results have shown that the use of wind assistance technology, kite specifically, can lead to important fuel savings and emissions reductions and these can be maximised if external conditions and performance are optimal.

Nowadays, firms are increasingly recognizing the true value of customer satisfaction. In the major market, Mass Customization has emerged trend as firms started to recognize the value of their existing services. The main goal for the company of Mass Customization is to make a balance between matching the customized demands of major customers and acquiring as much benefits. For the sake of survival and growth, the SMEs need to optimize strategy, but it is really difficult to challenge the position of leading firms. Meanwhile, there are potential customers who are large amounts but small size for each individual, most of them have the strong willing to request the customized service because they have specific requirements, which the existing mass customization could not fulfill their needs. Therefore, start or enhance the customized service could be considered as a great way to seize the niche market customers. Purpose of this article is to find out the close contact between customized marketing and customer satisfaction. Depth analysis of a small shipping company is provided in this study. By studying the specific measures of customized marketing in the successful small shipping company, we attempt to find the answer to the following research question: How does customized marketing act on the improvement of customer satisfaction for SMEs? In methodology part we describe our research method: single case but we use mixed method research. Both interview and survey were practiced for data collection. The research results show that customized marketing has the significant positive impact on customer satisfaction, and the different services aspects of customized marketing are varying degrees of effect to customer satisfaction. As a result of studying, some customized marketing measures are indicated which SMEs could implement to effectively improve customer satisfaction.

Nowadays, firms are increasingly recognizing the true value of customer satisfaction. In the major market, Mass Customization has emerged trend as firms started to recognize the value of their existing services. The main goal for the company of Mass Customization is to make a balance between matching the customized demands of major customers and acquiring as much benefits. For the sake of survival and growth, the SMEs need to optimize strategy, but it is really difficult to challenge the position of leading firms. Meanwhile, there are potential customers who are large amounts but small size for each individual, most of them have the strong willing to request the customized service because they have specific requirements, which the existing mass customization could not fulfill their needs. Therefore, start or enhance the customized service could be considered as a great way to seize the niche market customers. Purpose of this article is to find out the close contact between customized marketing and customer satisfaction. Depth analysis of a small shipping company is provided in this study. By studying the specific measures of customized marketing in the successful small shipping company, we attempt to find the answer to the following research question: How does customized marketing act on the improvement of customer satisfaction for SMEs? In methodology part we describe our research method: single case but we use mixed method research. Both interview and survey were practiced for data collection. The research results show that customized marketing has the significant positive impact on customer satisfaction, and the different services aspects of customized marketing are varying degrees of effect to customer satisfaction. As a result of studying, some customized marketing measures are indicated which SMEs could implement to effectively improve customer satisfaction.

Title Identifying critical service issues in the service encounter – a first step in the development of a conceptual for the shipping industry Author Claas Boomgaarden Key Words Service Quality, Service Encounter, SERVQUAL, INDSERV, PDSQ, LSQM, Shipping Industry, Service Science, Service Dominant Logic, Relationship Marketing Purpose The purpose of this research is to provide a first step in the development of a conceptual model for service quality in the shipping industry. Theoretical Perspectives This study is embedded in the theoretical field of service quality. Due to the lack of applicable models for the shipping industry, the existing literature of service quality for the business-to-consumer as well as business-to-business sector where combined to provide the theoretical framework for this study. Even though other models were analysed and considered in the theoretical background, eventually models like the SERVQUAL model, the INDSERV model, as well as the Physical Distribution Service Quality (PDSQ) model and the Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) model built the guideline for the data collection process. Methodology In accordance with the explorative purpose of this research, a qualitative case study, with German freight forwarders as the unit of interest, was set up. The collection of empirical data and their analysis followed the abductive hermeneutic approach. Empirical Data The empirical data for this study was derived from eight semi-structured interviews with industry experts, which lasted between twenty minutes and one hour. Conclusion The study has shown that critical service issues are depending on the value and the implied requirements of the shipped product. Nevertheless, availability, time and price as well as a flawless and fast service and good contact to contact personnel were identified as critical service issues. In order to provide a first step in the development of a conceptual model for service quality in the shipping industry, the dimension

Title Identifying critical service issues in the service encounter – a first step in the development of a conceptual for the shipping industry Author Claas Boomgaarden Key Words Service Quality, Service Encounter, SERVQUAL, INDSERV, PDSQ, LSQM, Shipping Industry, Service Science, Service Dominant Logic, Relationship Marketing Purpose The purpose of this research is to provide a first step in the development of a conceptual model for service quality in the shipping industry. Theoretical Perspectives This study is embedded in the theoretical field of service quality. Due to the lack of applicable models for the shipping industry, the existing literature of service quality for the business-to-consumer as well as business-to-business sector where combined to provide the theoretical framework for this study. Even though other models were analysed and considered in the theoretical background, eventually models like the SERVQUAL model, the INDSERV model, as well as the Physical Distribution Service Quality (PDSQ) model and the Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) model built the guideline for the data collection process. Methodology In accordance with the explorative purpose of this research, a qualitative case study, with German freight forwarders as the unit of interest, was set up. The collection of empirical data and their analysis followed the abductive hermeneutic approach. Empirical Data The empirical data for this study was derived from eight semi-structured interviews with industry experts, which lasted between twenty minutes and one hour. Conclusion The study has shown that critical service issues are depending on the value and the implied requirements of the shipped product. Nevertheless, availability, time and price as well as a flawless and fast service and good contact to contact personnel were identified as critical service issues. In order to provide a first step in the development of a conceptual model for service quality in the shipping industry, the dimension

Purpose: To find out ships' optimum operating speed under low-carbon economy. Approach: First, it analyzes the relations between ship’s carbon emission and the operating speed, gets the optimum speed under which the entire fleet emit minimum carbon, then establishes the relations between the ship owner’s profit and the speed, extracts the speed under which the ship owner can gain the maximum profit and founds out it’s different from the speed under which the entire fleet emit minimum carbon. Findings: The government must take effective measures to make the ship owner slowdown and reduce emission. Originality: It first works out a balance point between the decrease of carbon emission brought by a lower operating speed and the increase of that caused by more vessels putting into service in a mathematical method., Peer Reviewed

With the booming volume of international trade, the container shipping industry plays an important role in the world now. The previous literature only shows separate factors for the development of the port. And the container transport chain is only analyzed separately without the development of the port. With abundant of literatures and theories, the factors influence the development of the port can be divided into two parts. The external factors include the hinterland, the international trade and the policies. And the competition and coordination between different ports constitute the internal factors. The container transport chain is important for the internal factors. It can affect the area of the hinterland and the cost for the customers. The Tianjin Port is introduced as the case for this thesis. And for the comparison, the mature port Rotterdam and the competitors within Bohai Rim are showed. The data are from official website of the ports and other organizations with high reputation. And the relationships of the inside and external factors are discussed in the analysis. With the SWOT matrix, the case of Tianjin Port is compared with the mature port Rotterdam and its competitors Qingdao Port and Dalian Port. The container transport chain in Tianjin has the disadvantages such as complicated information flow system, lower capacity of rail transportation and the over fierce market of the third party logistics companies. By the end of the thesis, how to adopt the container transport chain with the rapid development of the port and some suggestions for the further development of Tianjin Port are given as the conclusion.

With the booming volume of international trade, the container shipping industry plays an important role in the world now. The previous literature only shows separate factors for the development of the port. And the container transport chain is only analyzed separately without the development of the port. With abundant of literatures and theories, the factors influence the development of the port can be divided into two parts. The external factors include the hinterland, the international trade and the policies. And the competition and coordination between different ports constitute the internal factors. The container transport chain is important for the internal factors. It can affect the area of the hinterland and the cost for the customers. The Tianjin Port is introduced as the case for this thesis. And for the comparison, the mature port Rotterdam and the competitors within Bohai Rim are showed. The data are from official website of the ports and other organizations with high reputation. And the relationships of the inside and external factors are discussed in the analysis. With the SWOT matrix, the case of Tianjin Port is compared with the mature port Rotterdam and its competitors Qingdao Port and Dalian Port. The container transport chain in Tianjin has the disadvantages such as complicated information flow system, lower capacity of rail transportation and the over fierce market of the third party logistics companies. By the end of the thesis, how to adopt the container transport chain with the rapid development of the port and some suggestions for the further development of Tianjin Port are given as the conclusion.

The present paper reports a study composed of three research activities exploring theeconomics of ergonomics in a shipping context. First, a literature study aimed to reviewprevious studies on the economics of ergonomics in general and within the maritimedomain in particular; and moreover, to ascertain the key ergonomic factors addressedin contemporary maritime ergonomic research. Second, the concept of ergonomics wasprobed from a stakeholder perspective through nine semi-structured qualitative interviews.Third, structured interviews were held with representatives of ten Swedish shippingcompanies to investigate if the shipowners are aware of and calculate the economiceffects of ergonomics.The results show that severalmodels and methods have been developed to estimate costsand benefits of ergonomics in other industries, but no studies were found from the shippingindustry.Whether these methods can be readily adapted to the shipping industry hasto be investigated further. While contemporary maritime ergonomic literature showed afocus on physical ergonomic and health and safety issues, the results of the stakeholderinterviews indicated a focus on organizational ergonomics. The Swedish shipownerscalculate the costs of sick-leave, but do not estimate the economic effects of ergonomicson a regular basis.

Since the objective of this thesis is to determine the performance measurement system in companies active in Iranian shipping industry we define what we mean by the performance measurement system. Neely (2005) defines PMS as the set of metrics used to quantify both the efficiency and effectiveness of actions. So the title of this thesis will be ``Performance Measurement System in shipping industry``. Regarding the companies we have selected to analyze, they first of all differ in their size, so our analysis much more were focused on the size but during our work there were other factors that revealed and influenced the difference of performance measurement system and management control in three companies. One of the other and most important factors was culture, considering Iranian culture more as individualistic and high power distance what means that control by the superiors is expanded to their subordinates. Another important factor was also external environment and the impact that competition and also government has especially over the largest company NITC and competition that have more effect over the medium and small one like Alpha and Beta Companies. In this context the most important thing is the performance indicators that three companies have employed, these performance indicators are financial, non- financial and operational measures or indicators that also have an impact in the nature of their business as it is shipping industry.

Since the objective of this thesis is to determine the performance measurement system in companies active in Iranian shipping industry we define what we mean by the performance measurement system. Neely (2005) defines PMS as the set of metrics used to quantify both the efficiency and effectiveness of actions. So the title of this thesis will be ``Performance Measurement System in shipping industry``. Regarding the companies we have selected to analyze, they first of all differ in their size, so our analysis much more were focused on the size but during our work there were other factors that revealed and influenced the difference of performance measurement system and management control in three companies. One of the other and most important factors was culture, considering Iranian culture more as individualistic and high power distance what means that control by the superiors is expanded to their subordinates. Another important factor was also external environment and the impact that competition and also government has especially over the largest company NITC and competition that have more effect over the medium and small one like Alpha and Beta Companies. In this context the most important thing is the performance indicators that three companies have employed, these performance indicators are financial, non- financial and operational measures or indicators that also have an impact in the nature of their business as it is shipping industry.

Thomas Hobson, born 1544, kept a livery stable in Cambridge, England. He was not of the-customer-is-always-right school. Gentlemen who showed up at his stable for a horse were required to take either the horse nearest the stable door or none. Thus, "Hobson's choice" became an idiom for no choice at all. Those who work in America's maritime fields are increasingly funneled into such a choice: defense and government work-or none. The U.S. Navy's growing share of the American maritime industry carries no benefit. In fact, nothing could be more detrimental to America's long-term endurance as the world's greatest seagoing power. If there is one problem vexing the Navy today, it is the difficulty of maintaining a reasonably sized force for a reasonable cost. While there is ample room to improve efficiency within the Navy itself, it would be futile to confront this challenge without also developing a plan to improve America's commercial maritime sector. American maritime power has traditionally resembled a pyramid, with a vigorous commercial shipping and shipbuilding industry at the base and a powerful Navy at the top. Today, the pyramid is inverted. We have an anemic commercial shipping fleet and virtually no large-scale commercial ship construction--yet we maintain a preeminent naval force. For perspective, this essay first examines the history of the interaction between America's commercial maritime industries and the Navy; next, it reviews this relationship's current troubled state; and finally, it ponders some solutions for correcting a 40-year slide toward a spear tip without a shaft., Published in Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), n50 p18-23, 3rd quarter 2008.