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India endures numerous flood events every year due to its tropical monsoon climate. River delta regions affected by these disaster events are often heavily populated and experience considerable damage and loss of life through drowning. The life jacket currently in use by first responders in India negatively impacts performance with unsatisfactory levels of protection, comfort, and stowage. In addition, these products present fit and usability challenges and lack cultural sensitivity to end-users. This research project addresses the suitability of this life jacket to respond efficiently in an emergency by using a practice-led prototyping investigation to develop a specific flood rescue product that is reflective of the context of use and responsive to the cultural context of India. The outcome of this creative practice research is a ‘slot n slide’ panel life jacket inspired by the traditional Indian sari. This conceptual design accommodates a diverse range of body anthropometry in a one-size-fits-all solution, achieved by an innovative inter-panel strapping system with integrated side adjustments. This concept provides new and perceivable benefits, including improvements in utility for first responders, single product deployment, efficient stowage and provisioning with easier donning and doffing, broad size accommodation, and a single adjustment strap, improving usability for end-users.

Det var ett decennium sedan det mobila betalningssystemet utvecklades. Innan dess var det fysiska betalningssystemet som präglade det svenska samhället. Bankerna lyfter ständigt hur det mobila betalningssystemet är bekvämt och smidigt att använda medans riskerna göms i skymundan. Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka säkerhetsåtgärder som vidtas vid risker samt hur dessa risker påverkar kundernas förtroende kring det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemet. De risker som undersöktes var olika typer av IT-risker samt rånrisken. Studien är använder sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats tillsammans med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer utfördes på fyra kundtjänstmedarbetare, två från Swedbank och två från Handelsbanken som arbetar med frågor gällande mobila och fysiska betalningssystem. Den tidigare forskningen har lagt ett underlag för studiens resultat. Den tidigare forskning tog upp bland annat hur det mobila betalningssystemet är ett bekvämare betalningssystem men mer riskabelt jämfört det fysiska. Analysen och diskussionskapitlet av studien har dragit paralleller mellan teori och datainsamling. Studien drog en slutsats om att risker sker i mindre omfång på grund av bankernas starka och utvecklade säkerhetsåtgärder. Förtroendet för bankerna sjunker när risker inträffar. En kombination av det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemen är att föredra. Studiens resterande delar är skrivna på svenska., It has been a decade since the mobile payment system was developed. Before that, it was the physical payment system that embossed Swedish society. Banks are constantly highlighting how the mobile payment system is convenient and easy to use while the risks are hidden. The purpose of this study is to investigate what security measures are taken in the event of risks and how these risks affect the customers trust in the mobile and physical payment system. The study was conducted using a qualitative method with an abductive approach together with semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted with four customer service employees, two from Swedbank and two from Handelsbanken who work with questions regarding the two payment systems. The previous research addressed, among other things, how the mobile payment system is a convenient payment system but has more risks compared to the physical one. The analysis and discussion chapter of this study have drawn parallels between theory and data collection. This study concluded that risks occur to a lesser extent due to the banks’ strong and developed security measures. The study also concludes that trust in banks decreases when the payment systems are at risk. A combination of the two payment systems is preferred. The remaining parts of this study are written in Swedish.

This article aims to analyze the approval of the implementation of the risk management system as a strategy to improve management in occupational safety and health, which materialized with the reduction of the accident rate as seen in the results achieved what is estimated and observed in the application in this study, through direct analysis in order to consider how the insertion of risk management control meant a significant contribution to improve the management of safety and health plans: Prevention, Correction, Response, in such a way that a result has been obtained that allowed the validation of a strategy that propitiates the reduction of the incidence of accidents, granting with a component that always has to to be considered forward., El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la aprobación de la aplicación del sistema de gestión de riesgo como estrategia para mejorar la gestión en la seguridad y la salud ocupacional, que se concretó con la reducción de la accidentabilidad como se aprecia en los resultados logrados lo que se estima y observa en la aplicación en el presente estudio, mediante el análisis directo con la finalidad de considerar como la inserción del control de la gestión del riesgo significó un aporte notable para mejorar la gestión de los planes de seguridad y salud: prevención, Corrección, Respuesta, de tal forma que se ha obtenido un resultado que permitió la validación de una estrategia que propicie la reducción de la incidencia de los accidentes, otorgando con un componente que siempre se tiene que a considerar hacia adelante.

This article aims to analyze the approval of the implementation of the risk management system as a strategy to improve management in occupational safety and health, which materialized with the reduction of the accident rate as seen in the results achieved what is estimated and observed in the application in this study, through direct analysis in order to consider how the insertion of risk management control meant a significant contribution to improve the management of safety and health plans: Prevention, Correction, Response, in such a way that a result has been obtained that allowed the validation of a strategy that propitiates the reduction of the incidence of accidents, granting with a component that always has to to be considered forward., El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la aprobación de la aplicación del sistema de gestión de riesgo como estrategia para mejorar la gestión en la seguridad y la salud ocupacional, que se concretó con la reducción de la accidentabilidad como se aprecia en los resultados logrados lo que se estima y observa en la aplicación en el presente estudio, mediante el análisis directo con la finalidad de considerar como la inserción del control de la gestión del riesgo significó un aporte notable para mejorar la gestión de los planes de seguridad y salud: prevención, Corrección, Respuesta, de tal forma que se ha obtenido un resultado que permitió la validación de una estrategia que propicie la reducción de la incidencia de los accidentes, otorgando con un componente que siempre se tiene que a considerar hacia adelante.

China has taken on a series of comprehensive institutional measures to improve the safety of its coal mining industry and workers. Official figures indicate similar reductions to both accidents and fatalities, from which a “new safety narrative” has emerged in official discourses. However, this view neglects the fact that many accidents are concealed or underreported in China's mining sector. This study critically examines China's safety measures with a novel dataset of 180 mining accident coverup cases derived from official, judicial, and media sources. The study's findings support three observations: (i) despite the imposition of stricter regulations and the closure of many informal and small-scale mines, accident coverups have continued at both legal and large-scale mines; (ii) despite increased monitoring including the implementation of a fatality indicator system, accident reporting is consistently manipulated by mine owners, local authorities, and even victims’ families; and (iii) although new stiffer penalties specifically sanction accident coverups, they are rarely imposed. Our results cast doubt on the conceived success of China's new safety narrative and demonstrate how industrial safety measures are deliberately and structurally compromised., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Organisation & Governance

Air traffic management (ATM) attempts to assist aircraft’s approach and landing procedures with a safety-first operation. It can be challenging to evaluate aviation economics, environmental issues, and safety operations all at once while making decisions inside the terminal maneuvering area (TMA). A comprehensive arrival plan that considers weather factors and aircraft trajectory configuration is essential to increase the job efficiency of air traffic controllers and alleviate the negative environmental impact. Current state-of-the-art solutions do not fully consider unfavorable weather circumstances and unusual aircraft paths in arrival scheduling, arrival airborne congestion, and arrival time prediction. This thesis proposes a framework for the aircraft trajectory aspect to extract features from data and predict arrival transit time, with consideration of adverse weather and non-standard flight trajectory operations. The developed procedures can reveal more air-traffic information and patterns from data, which can be used to predict arrival transit time in various situations better. The spatio-temporal pattern identification for aircraft congestion and arrival transit time within the Hong Kong International Airport TMA was presented in this thesis. To include weather factor, the hourly recorded weather radar images were also included in the analysis. To investigate weather impact, the author proposed a scheme to quantify the weather impact on airport arrival on-time performance, by using a growth function to represent the performance deterioration with increasingly more adverse weather conditions. The model parameters and hyperparameters were derived based on actual data via a Bayesian approach. The developed scheme could also quantify the impact of dangerous weather phenomena, which were often excluded in existing aviation weather impact studies. Results exhibited the generality and versatility of the developed weather impact quantification model, which could als

Upon depressurization, confined liquid undergoes discharge through cracks/nozzles accompanied by complex phase change phenomena, which govern the safety and/or performance of fluidic systems in bioengineering, chemical engineering, energy/power, and aerospace applications. In spite of the extensive studies on phase-change and dynamics of liquids in an open system (e.g., droplets) or large-scale loop (e.g., nuclear reactors), limited studies have been devoted to a confined liquid system with small apertures. Particularly, the recent development of micro nuclear reactors and microfluidics in space has necessitated the fundamental understanding of the fluid discharge dynamics mediated by mini-channels/nozzles undergoing a rapid depressurization process. Here, we study the discharge characteristics of fast-depressurized fluidic systems by exposing a water reservoir having mini-channels/nozzles to a vacuum chamber. Through high-speed optical and thermal imaging combined with thermodynamic measurements, we demonstrate the mini-channel-mediated fluid discharge is characterized by the dramatic flashing of the bulk liquid and two-phase spray, followed by steady evaporation and cooling of the bulk liquid until freezing. Interestingly, icing induced by evaporative cooling of the retained fluid may lead to blocking of the mini-channels (or termed self-healing of the discharge system), thus periodically interrupting the discharge and flashing process. By regulating the nozzle/channel sizes (inner diameters of 0.7 mm to 1.6 mm), we show that a finer mini-channel tends to suppress flashing, reduce evaporation, and prevent/delay freezing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the discharge behavior is highly dependent on the initial temperature of the confined water, and a higher initial temperature (e.g., 50ºC) results in extended and faster flashing/two-phase-flow spray. Our study not only presents a physical picture of the phase change phenomena under depressurization, but also provi

Det var ett decennium sedan det mobila betalningssystemet utvecklades. Innan dess var det fysiska betalningssystemet som präglade det svenska samhället. Bankerna lyfter ständigt hur det mobila betalningssystemet är bekvämt och smidigt att använda medans riskerna göms i skymundan. Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka säkerhetsåtgärder som vidtas vid risker samt hur dessa risker påverkar kundernas förtroende kring det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemet. De risker som undersöktes var olika typer av IT-risker samt rånrisken. Studien är använder sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats tillsammans med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer utfördes på fyra kundtjänstmedarbetare, två från Swedbank och två från Handelsbanken som arbetar med frågor gällande mobila och fysiska betalningssystem. Den tidigare forskningen har lagt ett underlag för studiens resultat. Den tidigare forskning tog upp bland annat hur det mobila betalningssystemet är ett bekvämare betalningssystem men mer riskabelt jämfört det fysiska. Analysen och diskussionskapitlet av studien har dragit paralleller mellan teori och datainsamling. Studien drog en slutsats om att risker sker i mindre omfång på grund av bankernas starka och utvecklade säkerhetsåtgärder. Förtroendet för bankerna sjunker när risker inträffar. En kombination av det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemen är att föredra. Studiens resterande delar är skrivna på svenska., It has been a decade since the mobile payment system was developed. Before that, it was the physical payment system that embossed Swedish society. Banks are constantly highlighting how the mobile payment system is convenient and easy to use while the risks are hidden. The purpose of this study is to investigate what security measures are taken in the event of risks and how these risks affect the customers trust in the mobile and physical payment system. The study was conducted using a qualitative method with an abductive approach together with semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted with four customer service employees, two from Swedbank and two from Handelsbanken who work with questions regarding the two payment systems. The previous research addressed, among other things, how the mobile payment system is a convenient payment system but has more risks compared to the physical one. The analysis and discussion chapter of this study have drawn parallels between theory and data collection. This study concluded that risks occur to a lesser extent due to the banks’ strong and developed security measures. The study also concludes that trust in banks decreases when the payment systems are at risk. A combination of the two payment systems is preferred. The remaining parts of this study are written in Swedish.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with the advantages of high energy and cycle stability have occupied an absolutely dominant position in the field of energy storage applications, such as portable devices and electric vehicles. However, the safety hazard associated with traditional flammable electrolytes and graphite anodes that are easy to grow dendrites has always been the focus of attention. Though a lot of materials and methods have been proposed to ensure the safety of the battery, more smart and efficient technologies are needed to achieve battery safety while ensuring the cycling stability of the battery. We begin with a high conductivity and stability gel electrolyte composed of PVDF HFP matrix Pyr13FSI and LiFSI. The presence of low viscosity Pyr13FSI and small size LiFSI in the electrolyte reduces the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP polymer matrix, increases the ion conductivity (3.3 mS/cm) of the electrolyte, and greatly improves the electrode-electrolyte interface contact, which enables the battery to exhibit a specific capacity of 123 mAh/g at the current of 1 C at room temperature. In addition, benefit from the superior properties of ionic liquids, such as non-flammability and negligible vapor pressure, and the highly stable and safe LFP/LTO system, the final battery maintains 80% of its initial capacity after 2000 cycles and high safety when exposed to high temperature or fire. To develop a more smart and safe battery, we develop a thermos-responsive separators prepared through in-situ polymerization on the hydrophilic separator and use this separator in an LMO/C-LTP aqueous lithium-ion battery. The thermos-responsive separator blocks the lithium ion transport channels at high temperatures and reopens when the battery cools down; more importantly, this transition is reversible. The influence of lithium salts on the thermos-responsive behaviors of the hydrogels was investigated. Then suitable lithium salt (LiNO3) and concentration

Construction safety is vitally important to a construction project in terms of workers' occupational health, maintaining labor productivity, avoiding schedule delay and financial loss due to fatal accidents. Despite the importance of construction safety, construction sites have been suffering from higher hazard rates than other occupational workplaces, because construction operations are still labor-intensive and are performed by various heavy machines. Statistics show that the movement of heavy machinery is a main source of on-site hazards, and frequent interactions between workers and machines will exacerbate such issues. Hence, monitoring the on-site motion of construction machines is crucial to site safety. Currently, with extensive installations of surveillance cameras, computer vision and deep learning techniques can be adopted to automatically process videos and images captured from construction sites. Previous studies have attempted to automate construction machine monitoring, which primarily focused on the location of the whole machine. However, construction machines operate dynamically with high variability in posture. For example, a machine’s moving parts may swing or rotate and hence strike nearby personnel or objects, even though the machine stays in a location. Machine poses constitute a significant source of on-site safety hazards, yet overlooked in traditional safety practices. It is therefore essential to monitor the poses of construction machines in real-time to ensure site safety. This research aims to develop approaches to automated construction machine pose monitoring using computer vision and deep learning techniques to facilitate construction site safety management. There are three major parts in this research, which are (1) automated current pose estimation of construction machines, (2) automated future pose prediction of construction machines, and (3) automated construction site safety evaluation. For automated current pose estimation of con

Recently, ridesharing attracts great interest due to its benefits of saving cost, increasing profit, easing the traffic congestion and reducing the environment pollution. Privacy such as location information also arouses people's wide concern due to the safety reasons in recent decades. In this thesis, we investigate the order dispatch problem in ridesharing on road networks with consideration of the location privacy of the passengers, targeted at maximizing the number of the served passengers, and satisfying the deadline constraint of the orders and the capacity constraint of the vehicles. Differential privacy can provide strong privacy without the adversary's auxiliary information. In this thesis, we utilize the ∈-geo-graph-indistinguishability on graph to protect the location privacy of the passengers for the first time, where ∈ is the privacy budget. We prove the hardness (NP-hard) for the order dispatch problem in ridesharing with privacy protection, then we propose three approximate approaches, including the greedy algorithm, the group algorithm and the random algorithm. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms on both real and synthetic data sets. The experiment results show that there is a tradeoff between the utility and the privacy protection, that is, with a larger privacy budget ∈, a larger number of the served passengers and lower average dispatch time are obtained.

Construction safety is vitally important to a construction project in terms of workers' occupational health, maintaining labor productivity, avoiding schedule delay and financial loss due to fatal accidents. Despite the importance of construction safety, construction sites have been suffering from higher hazard rates than other occupational workplaces, because construction operations are still labor-intensive and are performed by various heavy machines. Statistics show that the movement of heavy machinery is a main source of on-site hazards, and frequent interactions between workers and machines will exacerbate such issues. Hence, monitoring the on-site motion of construction machines is crucial to site safety. Currently, with extensive installations of surveillance cameras, computer vision and deep learning techniques can be adopted to automatically process videos and images captured from construction sites. Previous studies have attempted to automate construction machine monitoring, which primarily focused on the location of the whole machine. However, construction machines operate dynamically with high variability in posture. For example, a machine’s moving parts may swing or rotate and hence strike nearby personnel or objects, even though the machine stays in a location. Machine poses constitute a significant source of on-site safety hazards, yet overlooked in traditional safety practices. It is therefore essential to monitor the poses of construction machines in real-time to ensure site safety. This research aims to develop approaches to automated construction machine pose monitoring using computer vision and deep learning techniques to facilitate construction site safety management. There are three major parts in this research, which are (1) automated current pose estimation of construction machines, (2) automated future pose prediction of construction machines, and (3) automated construction site safety evaluation. For automated current pose estimation of con

COVID-19 vaccines are by no means a silver bullet. With more COVID-19 vaccines expecting approval in the coming months, it is necessary to note that vaccine availability does not equate to vaccine accessibility, nor vaccine efficacy. Some research suggests that approximately 9 out of 10 individuals living in lower-income countries will not have access to COVID-19 vaccines until 2023 or later. For higher-income countries, such as the United States, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy may further compound the situation. These insights combined, in turn, emphasize the fact that even though COVID-19 vaccines are becoming more available, safety measures (e.g., face masks, personal hygiene, and social distancing) are still of pivotal importance in protecting personal and public health against COVID-19. Furthermore, this paper argues for the continued imperative for health experts and government officials to communicate and emphasize the importance of COVID-19 safety measures with the public, to make sure people are protected against COVID-19 till the pandemic ceases to pose a threat to personal or public health.

Correspondence

The paper examines the extent of disaster preparedness in libraries of three South-western Nigerian universities. The survey research method was adopted, randomly administering on a ratio of 1:1:2:3, eighty (80) copies of the questionnaire to staff members of four university libraries. A 73% response rate was recorded and simple frequency tables, Likert Scale aided with summative indexing and Chi square test were used for analyzing the collated data. Four research questions were answered with three universities selected for the population study. There were fifty-eight respondents, made up of 30 males (51.7%) and 28 (48.3%) females.Disaster Likelihood Index (DLI) was used to measure propensity to disaster and of the seven indicators, water leakages (3.89) and faulty power supply (3.15) having the highest index scores, are the most probable sources of disaster. In addition, results reveal that the most available disaster management utilities are fire extinguishers, emergency exits and smoke detectors in the libraries with 90%, 75.9% and 72.4% respectively. The availability of smoke detectors however varies significantly across the libraries and is most available in the Kenneth Dike Library. The level of preparedness was also measured with three main indices, namely: maintenance (MI), adequacy (AdI) and awareness (AwI) of disaster management measures, each with its checklist of indicators. With the mean MI, AdW and AwI being 3.17, 3.03 and 2.82 respectively, awareness on disaster management measures is the lowest scoring index of preparedness, and knowledge of emergency numbers has the least AwI (2.31) among its indicators. The study recommends among others, the installation of utilities like smoke detector, emergency exit doors conspicuously indicated,awareness campaign as well as regular staff training on disaster management, to increase the level of preparedness in all the university libraries.

Introduction: Road safety seeks to generate preventive measures to reduce the mortality rate in traffic accidents, focused on habits and behaviors on the road, guaranteeing the preservation of life. In Barranquilla, in 2018 a total of 107 deaths were registered. As for the companies that have filed the strategic road safety plan (PESV) in 2018, there were 248 of which 105 have been endorsed by the Barranquilla’s secretary of traffic and road safety.Objective: Analyze the status of the strategic road safety plans filed with the Barranquilla traffic and road safety secretary during 2018.Methods: The research design was framed within an analytical empirical paradigm and a descriptive quantitative research method, made up of 191 companies from different economic activities, including transportation, which registered the establishment of the PESV in the mobility department of the city of Barranquilla.Results: It is allowed to show that numerals 1.5.1; 1.8.5; and 1.9.4 with a percentage distribution of 70% are the most unfulfilled evaluation parameters in the line of action strengthening institutional management. The pillar with the highest non-compliance, in the evaluation numerals of the Strategic Road Safety Plan (PESV) is in safe infrastructure, with an average of 80% on all aspects of internal routes.Conclusion: It is important for organizations to manage their road risks through their missionary activities., Introducción: La seguridad vial busca generar medidas preventivas para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad en los siniestros de tránsito, enfocado en los hábitos y conductas en la vía, garantizando la preservación de la vida. En Barranquilla, en el año 2018 se registraron un total de 107 fallecidos. En cuanto a las empresas que han radicado el plan estratégico de seguridad vial (PESV) en el año 2018 fueron 248 de las cuales 105 han sido avalados por parte de secretaria de tránsito y seguridad vial de Barranquilla.Objetivo: Analizar el estado de los planes estratégicos en seguridad vial radicados ante la secretaria de tránsito y seguridad vial de Barranquilla durante el año 2018.Métodos: El diseño de la investigación fue enmarcado en un paradigma empírico analítico y un método de investigación cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, conformada por 191 empresas de diferentes actividadeseconómicas entre ellas transporte, que registran radicación del PESV en la secretaria de movilidad de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Resultados: Se permite evidenciar que los numerales 1.5.1; 1.8.5; y 1.9.4 con una distribución porcentual del 70% son los parámetros de evaluación más incumplidos en la línea de acción fortalecimiento de la gestión institucional. El pilar con mayor incumplimiento, en los numerales de evaluación del Plan Estratégico de Seguridad Vial (PESV) se da en infraestructura segura, con un promedio del 80% sobre todo los aspectos de rutas internas.Conclusión: Es importante que las organizaciones gestionen sus riesgos viales a través de sus actividades misionales.

COVID-19 vaccines are by no means a silver bullet. With more COVID-19 vaccines expecting approval in the coming months, it is necessary to note that vaccine availability does not equate to vaccine accessibility, nor vaccine efficacy. Some research suggests that approximately 9 out of 10 individuals living in lower-income countries will not have access to COVID-19 vaccines until 2023 or later. For higher-income countries, such as the United States, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy may further compound the situation. These insights combined, in turn, emphasize the fact that even though COVID-19 vaccines are becoming more available, safety measures (e.g., face masks, personal hygiene, and social distancing) are still of pivotal importance in protecting personal and public health against COVID-19. Furthermore, this paper argues for the continued imperative for health experts and government officials to communicate and emphasize the importance of COVID-19 safety measures with the public, to make sure people are protected against COVID-19 till the pandemic ceases to pose a threat to personal or public health.

Correspondence

Nowadays, industries are crowded with automatized machinery and robots that interact with human operators. In addition to other safety measures already present, we propose a further tool to equip such working places with a visibility-based emergency stop system that only affects those machines that are visible from the position of an emergency stop button when it is pressed. This paper presents the realization of such a system and the preliminary results collected from the conducted scalability experiments., Conference code: 169185; Export Date: 8 June 2022; Conference Paper; Funding details: Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling, KKS, 20190038; Funding text 1: This work was supported by the Knowledge Foundation in Sweden through the ACICS project (20190038).

Recently, ridesharing attracts great interest due to its benefits of saving cost, increasing profit, easing the traffic congestion and reducing the environment pollution. Privacy such as location information also arouses people's wide concern due to the safety reasons in recent decades. In this thesis, we investigate the order dispatch problem in ridesharing on road networks with consideration of the location privacy of the passengers, targeted at maximizing the number of the served passengers, and satisfying the deadline constraint of the orders and the capacity constraint of the vehicles. Differential privacy can provide strong privacy without the adversary's auxiliary information. In this thesis, we utilize the ∈-geo-graph-indistinguishability on graph to protect the location privacy of the passengers for the first time, where ∈ is the privacy budget. We prove the hardness (NP-hard) for the order dispatch problem in ridesharing with privacy protection, then we propose three approximate approaches, including the greedy algorithm, the group algorithm and the random algorithm. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms on both real and synthetic data sets. The experiment results show that there is a tradeoff between the utility and the privacy protection, that is, with a larger privacy budget ∈, a larger number of the served passengers and lower average dispatch time are obtained.

Construction safety is vitally important to a construction project in terms of workers' occupational health, maintaining labor productivity, avoiding schedule delay and financial loss due to fatal accidents. Despite the importance of construction safety, construction sites have been suffering from higher hazard rates than other occupational workplaces, because construction operations are still labor-intensive and are performed by various heavy machines. Statistics show that the movement of heavy machinery is a main source of on-site hazards, and frequent interactions between workers and machines will exacerbate such issues. Hence, monitoring the on-site motion of construction machines is crucial to site safety. Currently, with extensive installations of surveillance cameras, computer vision and deep learning techniques can be adopted to automatically process videos and images captured from construction sites. Previous studies have attempted to automate construction machine monitoring, which primarily focused on the location of the whole machine. However, construction machines operate dynamically with high variability in posture. For example, a machine’s moving parts may swing or rotate and hence strike nearby personnel or objects, even though the machine stays in a location. Machine poses constitute a significant source of on-site safety hazards, yet overlooked in traditional safety practices. It is therefore essential to monitor the poses of construction machines in real-time to ensure site safety. This research aims to develop approaches to automated construction machine pose monitoring using computer vision and deep learning techniques to facilitate construction site safety management. There are three major parts in this research, which are (1) automated current pose estimation of construction machines, (2) automated future pose prediction of construction machines, and (3) automated construction site safety evaluation. For automated current pose estimation of con

OBJECTIVES: To determine the visual outcome of ocular trauma in patients admitted in the ophthalmology unit. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted after approval of ethical committee, from June 2017 till June 2019 at Ophthalmology Department, Medical Teaching Institution, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan (MTI-MMC). A total of 501 patients of either gender having ocular trauma were enrolled in study. Following informed written consent, detailed history, ocular examination and investigations the surgical procedure was carried out. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the outcome along with demographics and type of trauma, which was analyzed using SPSS V-24.0. RESULTS: In a total of 501 patients the mean age of sample was 30.5±2.2. Among 501, males were 408 (81.44%) and female were 93 (18.56%) with ratio of 9:1. Ocular trauma was more common in age of <15 year with 174 (34.73%) patients. Professional injuries were more common and observed in 306 (61%) patients as compared to non-professional injuries in 195 (38%). Penetrating trauma occurred in 276 (55.08%) patients, which was higher than blunt 144 (28.74%) and perforating trauma 81 (16.16%). Good visual outcome was observed in 308 (61.47%), poor in 172 (34.33%) and blindness in 21 (4.1%) patients. CONCLUSION: The study concludes a better visual outcome for ocular traumas after surgical procedures. Young males were found to be more prone for traumatic injuries, in which professional and penetrating trauma leads the chart. &nbsp

OBJECTIVES: To determine the visual outcome of ocular trauma in patients admitted in the ophthalmology unit. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted after approval of ethical committee, from June 2017 till June 2019 at Ophthalmology Department, Medical Teaching Institution, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan (MTI-MMC). A total of 501 patients of either gender having ocular trauma were enrolled in study. Following informed written consent, detailed history, ocular examination and investigations the surgical procedure was carried out. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the outcome along with demographics and type of trauma, which was analyzed using SPSS V-24.0. RESULTS: In a total of 501 patients the mean age of sample was 30.5±2.2. Among 501, males were 408 (81.44%) and female were 93 (18.56%) with ratio of 9:1. Ocular trauma was more common in age of <15 year with 174 (34.73%) patients. Professional injuries were more common and observed in 306 (61%) patients as compared to non-professional injuries in 195 (38%). Penetrating trauma occurred in 276 (55.08%) patients, which was higher than blunt 144 (28.74%) and perforating trauma 81 (16.16%). Good visual outcome was observed in 308 (61.47%), poor in 172 (34.33%) and blindness in 21 (4.1%) patients. CONCLUSION: The study concludes a better visual outcome for ocular traumas after surgical procedures. Young males were found to be more prone for traumatic injuries, in which professional and penetrating trauma leads the chart. &nbsp

The construction industry has always been regarded as a notorious sector for its high number of casualties and fatalities. Despite the improvements made in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) within this industry, it still accounts for the highest number of occupational injuries compared to any other industries. Based on the mentioned fact, conducting more research on the area of OHS within the construction industry is vital in order to improve the involved workers’ well-being. Although relatively high numbers of studies have centralized on the OHS associated with the construction sector, some crucial gaps still exist that need to be bridged effectively as follows: (1) lack of a comprehensive risk assessment model embodying all the required steps, (2) paucity of a holistic safety risk assessment model that includes all the essential risk parameters towards assessing the OHS of construction workers, and (3) dearth of an OHS risk management framework related to the workers involved in the green building construction projects. All the mentioned shortcomings stated above lead to deteriorating the OHS of workers. Thus, this dissertation aims to solve the mentioned gaps through the exploitation of advanced fuzzy algorithms, through which the uncertainty associated with the statistical-based approaches could be solved. Firstly, a Comprehensive Hybrid Fuzzy-based Occupational Risk Assessment Model (CHFORAM) is developed to systematically identify, analyze, and evaluate the safety risks posing danger to the involved workers using the integration of the Interval-Valued Fuzzy Delphi Method (IVFDM) with the Fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) and the Risk Decision Matrix (RDM). The suitability of CHFORAM developed is verified through its application to the case building maintenance workers. It was observed that the developed CHFORAM could fully identify the critical safety risks posing danger to the maintenance workers, followed by precisely analyzing them using constrained opt

The construction industry has always been regarded as a notorious sector for its high number of casualties and fatalities. Despite the improvements made in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) within this industry, it still accounts for the highest number of occupational injuries compared to any other industries. Based on the mentioned fact, conducting more research on the area of OHS within the construction industry is vital in order to improve the involved workers’ well-being. Although relatively high numbers of studies have centralized on the OHS associated with the construction sector, some crucial gaps still exist that need to be bridged effectively as follows: (1) lack of a comprehensive risk assessment model embodying all the required steps, (2) paucity of a holistic safety risk assessment model that includes all the essential risk parameters towards assessing the OHS of construction workers, and (3) dearth of an OHS risk management framework related to the workers involved in the green building construction projects. All the mentioned shortcomings stated above lead to deteriorating the OHS of workers. Thus, this dissertation aims to solve the mentioned gaps through the exploitation of advanced fuzzy algorithms, through which the uncertainty associated with the statistical-based approaches could be solved. Firstly, a Comprehensive Hybrid Fuzzy-based Occupational Risk Assessment Model (CHFORAM) is developed to systematically identify, analyze, and evaluate the safety risks posing danger to the involved workers using the integration of the Interval-Valued Fuzzy Delphi Method (IVFDM) with the Fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) and the Risk Decision Matrix (RDM). The suitability of CHFORAM developed is verified through its application to the case building maintenance workers. It was observed that the developed CHFORAM could fully identify the critical safety risks posing danger to the maintenance workers, followed by precisely analyzing them using constrained opt

CENWP-OD Standing Safety Procedure 385-1 SAFETY Portland District Supplement to USACE Hazardous Energy Control Program Portland District Table of Contents 18 January 2020 1.0 Purpose 2.0 Applicability 3.0 References 4.0 Related Procedures 5.0 Definitions 6.0 Emergencies 7.0 Responsibilities 8.0 Training 9.0 Use of Locks and Tags 10.0 Hazardous Energy Control Procedures 11.0 Lockout/Tag out Requiring a Safe Clearance 12.0 Multi-Shift Clearance 13.0 Transfer of a Clearance 14.0 Personal Lockout 15.0 Issuing Individual (II) Clearance 16.0 Interconnect Orders 17.0 Unattended or Remote Stations 18.0 Caution Orders 19.0 Contractors or Non-Project Personnel 20.0 Non-Standard Maintenance 21.0 Abnormal Release and Removal 22.0 Records and Measurements 23.0 Inspection and Program Review 24.0 Attachments / Flow Chart Foreword This Standing Safety Procedure (SAF), Hazardous Energy Control (HEC) Program, is supplemental to, and is authorized by ER 385-1-31, The Control of Hazardous Energy. ER 385-1-31 is the overall governing document for USACE HEC programs and it mandates that Districts will supplement its contents with specific procedures. This SAF is not intended to be the all-encompassing single source document for the HEC Program. This document strives to capture those processes which have been identified to establish consistent procedures and criteria for the safe and reliable control of hazardous energy at Portland District operated facilities. Instances not specifically identified in this document may very well require additional research into those documents identified in paragraph 3.0 of this document and possibly other industry standard publications to include manufacturer maintenance guidance. Current Approved Version 18 Jan 2020). Printed copies are for “Information Only.” The controlled version resides on the CENWP­OD SharePoint portal, Libraries at: https://intranet.usace.army.mil/nwd/nwp/od/pages/home.aspx CENWP-OD-SAF-385-1 CENWP-OD Standing Safety Procedure 385

This thesis explores Indian construction industry safety measures and their benefit to cost ratios. In India, the construction sector is the second largest employer after agriculture. Around 50 million workers work in the construction sector to earn easy money at the end of the day. About 48,000 workers die in India due to occupational accidents every year, and around 38 construction accidents occur every day in India. This thesis analyses the social impacts of safety policies and their employers' financial implications. No such studies have been done previously for the Indian construction market. There have been studies regarding estimating the number of accidents in India, respective safety measures, etc. Implementation of safety policies can reduce the number of casualties up to 20%-30%. The performance of safety policies will benefit the workers, their families, friends, relatives, and society. It is common for Indian construction companies not to invest in construction health & safety measures because it is cheaper for them to pay the costs of compensation for accidents than modernizing their facilities to make them safer. It seems essential to understand the need to invest in safety measures from a societal perspective. Thus, this research is a study about the impacts of safety policies with cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and how the CBA results can be utilized in the decision making for the policymakers, employers, and other stakeholders in the industry. First, a literature review was conducted to better understand the Indian construction industry's problems and probable solutions. Literature was also undertaken to understand the concepts regarding the cost-benefit analysis. Additionally, interviews were conducted to get the required data to perform the cost-benefit analysis and partly answer the research questions. For the research, eight interviews were conducted with people who closely work in the Indian construction industry. Based on the interviews, fiv, Management of Technology (MoT)

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

CENWP-OD Standing Safety Procedure 385-1 SAFETY Portland District Supplement to USACE Hazardous Energy Control Program Portland District Table of Contents 18 January 2020 1.0 Purpose 2.0 Applicability 3.0 References 4.0 Related Procedures 5.0 Definitions 6.0 Emergencies 7.0 Responsibilities 8.0 Training 9.0 Use of Locks and Tags 10.0 Hazardous Energy Control Procedures 11.0 Lockout/Tag out Requiring a Safe Clearance 12.0 Multi-Shift Clearance 13.0 Transfer of a Clearance 14.0 Personal Lockout 15.0 Issuing Individual (II) Clearance 16.0 Interconnect Orders 17.0 Unattended or Remote Stations 18.0 Caution Orders 19.0 Contractors or Non-Project Personnel 20.0 Non-Standard Maintenance 21.0 Abnormal Release and Removal 22.0 Records and Measurements 23.0 Inspection and Program Review 24.0 Attachments / Flow Chart Foreword This Standing Safety Procedure (SAF), Hazardous Energy Control (HEC) Program, is supplemental to, and is authorized by ER 385-1-31, The Control of Hazardous Energy. ER 385-1-31 is the overall governing document for USACE HEC programs and it mandates that Districts will supplement its contents with specific procedures. This SAF is not intended to be the all-encompassing single source document for the HEC Program. This document strives to capture those processes which have been identified to establish consistent procedures and criteria for the safe and reliable control of hazardous energy at Portland District operated facilities. Instances not specifically identified in this document may very well require additional research into those documents identified in paragraph 3.0 of this document and possibly other industry standard publications to include manufacturer maintenance guidance. Current Approved Version 18 Jan 2020). Printed copies are for “Information Only.” The controlled version resides on the CENWP­OD SharePoint portal, Libraries at: https://intranet.usace.army.mil/nwd/nwp/od/pages/home.aspx CENWP-OD-SAF-385-1 CENWP-OD Standing Safety Procedure 385

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

Designs for nuclear power plants increasingly include passive features. A major focus of the design of modern fast reactors is on inherent and passive safety. Inherent and passive safety features are especially important when active systems such as emergency shutdown systems for reactor shutdown are not functioning properly. This publication discusses the past experience in the development of such systems along with the research that is ongoing. It is a comprehensive publication which provides information on the basic design principles for passive shutdown systems and the related operational experience gathered so far, and also reviews the innovative concepts under development and the needs for research and development and qualification tests.

Designs for nuclear power plants increasingly include passive features. A major focus of the design of modern fast reactors is on inherent and passive safety. Inherent and passive safety features are especially important when active systems such as emergency shutdown systems for reactor shutdown are not functioning properly. This publication discusses the past experience in the development of such systems along with the research that is ongoing. It is a comprehensive publication which provides information on the basic design principles for passive shutdown systems and the related operational experience gathered so far, and also reviews the innovative concepts under development and the needs for research and development and qualification tests.

The construction industry has always been regarded as a notorious sector for its high number of casualties and fatalities. Despite the improvements made in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) within this industry, it still accounts for the highest number of occupational injuries compared to any other industries. Based on the mentioned fact, conducting more research on the area of OHS within the construction industry is vital in order to improve the involved workers’ well-being. Although relatively high numbers of studies have centralized on the OHS associated with the construction sector, some crucial gaps still exist that need to be bridged effectively as follows: (1) lack of a comprehensive risk assessment model embodying all the required steps, (2) paucity of a holistic safety risk assessment model that includes all the essential risk parameters towards assessing the OHS of construction workers, and (3) dearth of an OHS risk management framework related to the workers involved in the green building construction projects. All the mentioned shortcomings stated above lead to deteriorating the OHS of workers. Thus, this dissertation aims to solve the mentioned gaps through the exploitation of advanced fuzzy algorithms, through which the uncertainty associated with the statistical-based approaches could be solved. Firstly, a Comprehensive Hybrid Fuzzy-based Occupational Risk Assessment Model (CHFORAM) is developed to systematically identify, analyze, and evaluate the safety risks posing danger to the involved workers using the integration of the Interval-Valued Fuzzy Delphi Method (IVFDM) with the Fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) and the Risk Decision Matrix (RDM). The suitability of CHFORAM developed is verified through its application to the case building maintenance workers. It was observed that the developed CHFORAM could fully identify the critical safety risks posing danger to the maintenance workers, followed by precisely analyzing them using constrained opt

This thesis explores Indian construction industry safety measures and their benefit to cost ratios. In India, the construction sector is the second largest employer after agriculture. Around 50 million workers work in the construction sector to earn easy money at the end of the day. About 48,000 workers die in India due to occupational accidents every year, and around 38 construction accidents occur every day in India. This thesis analyses the social impacts of safety policies and their employers' financial implications. No such studies have been done previously for the Indian construction market. There have been studies regarding estimating the number of accidents in India, respective safety measures, etc. Implementation of safety policies can reduce the number of casualties up to 20%-30%. The performance of safety policies will benefit the workers, their families, friends, relatives, and society. It is common for Indian construction companies not to invest in construction health & safety measures because it is cheaper for them to pay the costs of compensation for accidents than modernizing their facilities to make them safer. It seems essential to understand the need to invest in safety measures from a societal perspective. Thus, this research is a study about the impacts of safety policies with cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and how the CBA results can be utilized in the decision making for the policymakers, employers, and other stakeholders in the industry. First, a literature review was conducted to better understand the Indian construction industry's problems and probable solutions. Literature was also undertaken to understand the concepts regarding the cost-benefit analysis. Additionally, interviews were conducted to get the required data to perform the cost-benefit analysis and partly answer the research questions. For the research, eight interviews were conducted with people who closely work in the Indian construction industry. Based on the interviews, fiv, Management of Technology (MoT)

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou početní kontroly zdravotnického materiálu v peroperačním období. Tato diplomová práce je teoreticko - výzkumného charakteru. Teoretická část se zabývá vzděláváním PA/VS pro perioperační péči, poskytováním perioperační péče, početní kontrolou v perioperační péči, stavebním a technickým uspořádáním operačního sálu a managementu rizik v perioperační péči. Stěžejní kapitolou této diplomové práce je kapitola Početní kontrola materiálu v perioperační péči. Průzkumné šetření bylo realizováno ve zdravotnických zařízeních vybraného regionu, kde byla pozornost soustředěna na správné dodržování početní kontroly veškerého zdravotnického materiálu před, během i po skončení operačního výkonu. Sběr dat byl proveden prostřednictvím zúčastněného pozorování a polostrukturovaných rozhovorů. Hlavním cílem bylo zjistit, zda jsou v jednotlivých zdravotnických zařízeních rozdíly při poskytování bezpečné perioperační péče v oblasti početní kontroly zdravotnického materiálu., This diploma thesis deals with the issue of numerical control of medical material within the perioperative period. This diploma thesis is of theoretical and research character. The theoretical part deals with educating PA/VS for perioperative care, providing perioperative care, with numerical control within perioperative care, construction and technical arrangement of an operating theatre and risk management within perioperative care. The chapter on risk management also includes a subchapter on the Perioperative Safety Protocol. The key chapter of this diploma thesis is the chapter on Numerical Control of Material Within Perioperative Care. The survey was implemented within medical facilities in a chosen region where close attention was paid to the correct compliance to numerical control of all medical material before, during, and after the operation was carried out. The survey was carried out using participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. The main objective was to find out whether there were any differences within individual medical facilities as to providing safe perioperative care within the area of numerical control of medical material., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Hodnocení vedoucího: výborně Hodnocení oponenta: výborně Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Myslíte, že používání stojanu na počítání roušek, přináší také nějakou nevýhodu? 2. Proč není v diplomové práci nikde zmíněno počítání mulových čtverců? Obhajoba diplomové práce s prezentací výborná., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

In recent years, falling from heights (FFH) has been reported as the primary cause of fatalities within the Australian construction industry. While there is substantial literature exploring safety and human error in attempt to decrease the occurrences of accidents through the implementation of organisational and physical hazards related strategies, little attention has been brought towards the impact of psychological distress on the relationship between human error and safety measures. Therefore, this paper is aimed at examining the relationship between safety measures and human error with the objective of identifying the impact of psychological distress among workers working at heights within the construction industry on the relationship. This study found that human error can occur as a result of psychological distress and therefore provides a foundation for future research to explore whether proper implementation of psychological safety measures could decrease the occurrence of human failures and accidents when working at heights.

Intact stability describes a ship's stability in waves to avoid incidents. Operational safety measures are an important aspect of a holistic safety approach for intact stability. The aim of this study is to provide a structure of the relationship between key elements of the intact stability risk concept. Such a structure has implications for risk assessment and risk management. The developed structure is discussed in relation to the proposed second generation intact stability criteria, which highlights how the measures relate to safety. The definitions are also analyzed in relation to seven incidents. Operational decisions and the human element are shown to have strong ties to exposure, vulnerability and recoverability. However, the results herein show that the interdependency between risk and operational decisions differ between the three areas; the effective measures are thus different. The actual exposure, vulnerability and recoverability for a ship is not known nor can it be fully assessed. However, all three aspects of intact stability safety must be considered in a structured manner to reach a cost effective intact stability., QC 20190903

This study provided a systematic approach to study the vehicle bridge interaction for high speed railways. A simulation tool using MATLAB is developed to effectively model the vehicle bridge system using basis of Finite Element Method (FEM) by considering the interactions between the vehicle and bridge. The concept is further extended to development of a versatile model using FEM package, enabling the interactions to be efficiently studied for high speed railways viaduct systems. The application of the proposed method on several viaduct configurations is presented as numerical examples. Furthermore, a design recommendation previously developed is critically studied and review using the proposed method, to identify the suitability of the recommendations on the safety and operational requirement of high speed rail, especially in rapid progress of increasing speed trend. The results of different configurations are studied and presented in this thesis to roundup the techniques proposed. The simulation results indicated the trend in speed increment could lead to peak response that does not occur in normal operation speed under the current typical speed range as well as train length of High Speed Rail. Besides, different type of bridge structure and stiffness could lead to different order of magnitude of response under the same moving train arrangement. The numerical examples also demonstrated that the flaw in previous recommendation on certain bridge span length (L) over train wheel distance (d) ratio (referred as L/d ratio).

This study provided a systematic approach to study the vehicle bridge interaction for high speed railways. A simulation tool using MATLAB is developed to effectively model the vehicle bridge system using basis of Finite Element Method (FEM) by considering the interactions between the vehicle and bridge. The concept is further extended to development of a versatile model using FEM package, enabling the interactions to be efficiently studied for high speed railways viaduct systems. The application of the proposed method on several viaduct configurations is presented as numerical examples. Furthermore, a design recommendation previously developed is critically studied and review using the proposed method, to identify the suitability of the recommendations on the safety and operational requirement of high speed rail, especially in rapid progress of increasing speed trend. The results of different configurations are studied and presented in this thesis to roundup the techniques proposed. The simulation results indicated the trend in speed increment could lead to peak response that does not occur in normal operation speed under the current typical speed range as well as train length of High Speed Rail. Besides, different type of bridge structure and stiffness could lead to different order of magnitude of response under the same moving train arrangement. The numerical examples also demonstrated that the flaw in previous recommendation on certain bridge span length (L) over train wheel distance (d) ratio (referred as L/d ratio).

Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa hos elever är ett växande problem. Svenska skolan ska arbeta med elevers trygghet och att bedriva ett systematiskt kvalitetsarbete mot diskriminering och kränkande behandling. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om pedagoger och elevhälsopersonal på en grundskola i en skånsk kommun upplever att trygghetsinsatserna har en positiv effekt på elevernas hälsa. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie med kvalitativa inslag genomfördes av pedagoger (n=65) på en grundskola i Skåne. Datainsamlingen skedde genom digital enkät som skickades ut via e-post. Insamlad data analyserades i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Kvalitativa svar redovisades i textform. Resultat: Svarsfrekvensen var 34%, en för låg svarsfrekvens för att kunna generalisera resultatet. Av respondenterna kände 73% sig delaktiga i trygghetsarbetet, 91% upplever att trygghet har effekt på elevernas hälsa och 67% uppfattar inga hälsoskillnader mellan kön. Däremot ses några skillnader i vilka insatser som fungerar bäst och sämst i relation till kön. Elevinsatser som involverar socialt utbyte upplevs mest positivt och bestraffningar mest negativt. Det efterfrågas systematik i trygghetsarbetet. Slutsats: Resultatet kopplas till tidigare forskning som både bekräftar och visar på förbättringsområden. Trygghetsplanens förekomst är grundläggande. Efterlyst tydlighet och uppföljning kan vara ett uttryck för områdets storlek och svårigheten att få en helhetsbild av trygghetsarbetet. Olika former av socialt utbyte är det som anses ha effekt på elevernas hälsa och bör därmed prioriteras. Trygghetsarbetet kan gagnas av kollegialt lärande och trygghetsplanens innehåll behövs eventuellt kompletteras. Framgångsfaktorer och förbättringsförslag kan bidra till en tydligare förankring. Den låga svarsfrekvensen ska dock tas i beaktande och eventuella genomföranden av förslag bör stämmas av med personal., Introduction: Mental illness in students a growing problem. The Swedish school has the task of working with students' safety and to conduct systematic quality work against discrimination and offensive treatment. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate whether pedagogues and student health personnel at a primary school in a municipality in Skane felt that the safety efforts have a positive effect on the students' health. Method: A cross-sectional study with qualitative elements was conducted by educators (n = 65) at an elementary school in Skåne. The data collection was done through a digital survey that was sent out via e-mail. The collected data was analyzed in the statistics program SPSS. Qualitative answers were presented in text form. Result: The response rate was 34%, a too low response rate to be able to generalize the result. Of the respondents, 73% felt that they were participant in the safety work, 91% felt that safety had an effect on the students' health and 67% did not experience any health differences between the sexes. However, there are some differences in which efforts work best and worst in relation to gender. Student initiatives that involve social exchange are perceived to be most positive and punishment most negative. There is a demand for systematic security work. Conclusion: The result links to previous research that both confirms and demonstrates areas for improvement. The existence of the security plan is fundamental. Requested clarity and follow-up can be an expression of the area's size and the difficulty of obtaining a comprehensive picture of the safety work. Different forms of social exchange are what are considered to have an effect on the students' health and should therefore be given priority. Security work can benefit from collegial learning and the content of the safety plan may need to be supplemented. Success factors and improvement proposals can contribute to a clearer anchoring. However, the low response rate should be taken int

An increased focus on the development of autonomous safety-critical systems requiresmore attention at ensuring safety of humans and the environment. The mainobjective of this thesis is to explore the state of the art and to identify the safetyrelatedchallenges being addressed for using autonomy in safety-critical systems. Inparticular, the thesis explores the nature of these challenges, the different autonomylevels they address and the type of safety measures as proposed solutions. Above all,we focus on the safety measures by a degree of adaptiveness, time of being activeand their ability of decision making. Collection of this information is performedby conducting a Systematic Literature Review of publications from the past 9 years.The results showed an increase in publications addressing challenges related to theuse of autonomy in safety-critical systems. We managed to identify four high-levelclasses of safety challenges. The results also indicate that the focus of research wason finding solutions for challenges related to full autonomous systems as well assolutions that are independent of the level of autonomy. Furthermore, consideringthe amount of publications, results show that non-learning solutions addressing theidentified safety challenges prevail over learning ones, active over passive solutionsand decisive over supportive solutions.

Optimal selection of safety measures (SMs) is a challenging task for safety managers due to its importance, complexity, and incapability of traditional approaches in considering all the aspects of SMs optimal selection. Sophisticated mathematical models can be used to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches. However, setting the objective functions while considering their priorities as well as possible synergistic effects of the SMs on the hazards are still among the main concerns in the development and application of mathematical models. The present study is aimed at developing a methodology to optimize the SMs selection while addressing the aforementioned challenges and considering both the budget and the risks. To do so, first the Pareto set of the solutions is obtained by NSGA-II technique - a multi-objective genetic algorithm technique - where a lexicographic model is used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto set based on the priority of the objective functions. A pessimistic strategy is used to account for the synergistic effects and the overlaps between the selected SMs. Two mathematical models are developed to represent different policies in optimal SMs selection in a gas wellhead and surface facility. The results show a notable difference between the two policies, indicating the importance of setting proper objective functions in multi-objective optimization problems. The results also show that the methodology is able to effectively satisfy different safety management policies and constraints with no need for much extra information except the cost and impact of SMs on the hazards’ risk, Safety and Security Science

Every year, worldwide, millions of people die and many are hospitalized due to food-borne diseases and illnesses caused by the consumption of contaminated food. Food safety has continued to be a concern for consumers, the food industry, and regulatory agencies. In China, there is almost a constant stream of reports about various food safety issues. Chinese consumers are concerned about the need for healthier and safer food. The development of science has provided more opportunities and possibilities to change the way we live. However, consumers’ overall confidence in Chinese food is not high and they are increasingly skeptical about new food. This research focuses on a new and not yet launched biological food, Lactic Acid Bacteria preserved vacuum-sealed chilled beef (LAB beef), as an example to examine what factors would have a significant correlation with consumers’ trust in this product and to examine if trust is the key factor impacting on consumers’ purchase intention. In order to complete the study objectives, a self-completed social survey was conducted in Shanghai City and Chengdu City, totaling 514 respondents. The analysis methods used included a measure of correlation, Gamma, principal component analysis and structural equation modeling. SPSS, Excel and Amos software were used. One outcome of this research was the finding that a number of socio-demographic factors were not strongly correlated with consumer trust in LAB beef, unlike some previous research that found such relationships with trust in new food technologies. Personal beef consumption habits, consumers’ past purchase experience with current used beef, products, product knowledge and food safety concerns based on their awareness, experience and media exposure were found to be important in establishing trust in LAB beef. The second outcome of this research is the confirmation of the importance of trust in determining consumers’ willingness to buy LAB beef, as well as the confirmation of the media

A reliable and effective traceability system is important to the food industry especially when a foodborne illness outbreak occurs. In particular, fresh fruit and vegetables are highly perishable, fragile, seasonal, diverse products with relatively short shelf life, thereby making their value chain complex and fast-paced. Hence, the traceability system in the fresh produce industry becomes critical in the event of a food crisis where products need to be tracked and traced in a timely manner. The objective of this study was to investigate current traceability systems in the fresh produce industry in New Zealand and also to explore potential improvement in the traceability system along the domestic supply chains. There were four different methods applied in this study: observation of traceability information available on fresh produce products, interviews with industry participants using a questionnaire, survey strategy by means of a questionnaire that was sent to growers, and a pilot study using GS1 technology to examine a modelled traceability system in two supply chains of strawberries. There were 336 fresh produce samples observed for traceability information analysis throughout the supply chain. Four growers, three wholesalers and one retailer from the fresh produce industry participated the face to face interviews. The questionnaire developed in the survey was sent to 578 growers with 40 of them responded and answered. Two pallets of strawberries were selected and GS1 (Global Standards One) barcodes and systems were used in the pilot study to track and trace each strawberry punnet throughout the supply chains. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from produce traceability data samples, interviewed industry stakeholders, surveyed growers, and the pilot study to generate empirical information on traceability systems along fresh produce supply chains in New Zealand. Subsequently, data were analysed using quantitative tools such as frequency distribution

Food poisoning cases involving non-dairy ingredients such as cereal grains have been reported. The addition of cereal grains to dairy products in the dairy industry has increased in recent years. This has the potential to contaminate final products with pathogenic, spoilage and toxic chemical contaminants. In this study, the microbial and chemical risks involved in the addition of cereal grains to dairy products were assessed using semi- quantitative risk assessment method. The results showed that the most critical microbiological hazard in the selected cereal grains is Bacillus cereus due to its ability to form spores and persist in cereal grains. The addition of cereal grains to dairy products with high water activity/moisture content such as liquid breakfast products were found to pose the highest risk. Cyanogenic glycosides (hydrocyanic acid) were found to be the most critical chemical hazard among natural plant toxins in selected cereal grains due to their adverse health effects and abundance in most cereal grains. The addition of cereal grains to dairy products with high solid content was found to pose a very low risk. The results have identified some knowledge gaps in conducting risk assessments and have also provided background information about the microbial and chemical risks involved in the addition of cereal grains to dairy products. The results highlight the importance of effective implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) in the dairy industry.