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Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, causing both water scarcity and severe rainfall unpredictability, and posing threats to sustainable development, biodiversity, and access to water and sanitation. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for comprehensive water resource monitoring under diverse meteorological conditions. An extension of the SEN2DWATER dataset is proposed to enhance its capabilities for water basin segmentation. Through the integration of temporally and spatially aligned radar information from Sentinel-1 data with the existing multispectral Sentinel-2 data, a novel multisource and multitemporal dataset is generated. Benchmarking the enhanced dataset involves the application of indices such as the Soil Water Index (SWI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), along with an unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) classifier (k-means clustering). Promising results are obtained and potential future developments and applications arising from this research are also explored.

A novel prize-winner algorithm designed for a path following problem within the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) field is presented in this paper. The proposed approach exploits the advantages offered by the pure pursuing algorithm to set up an intuitive and simple control framework. A path fora quad-rotor UAV is obtained by using downward facing camera images implementing an Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS) approach. Numerical simulations in MATLAB together with the MathWorks Virtual Reality (VR) toolbox demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The code is released as open-source making it possible to go through any part of the system and to replicate the obtained results., Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures, conference

We propose a supervised learning framework for computing solutions of multi-parametric Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) that arise in Model Predictive Control. Our approach also quantifies sub-optimality for the computed solutions. Inspired by Branch-and-Bound techniques, the key idea is to train a Neural Network/Random Forest, which for a given parameter, predicts a strategy consisting of (1) a set of Linear Programs (LPs) such that their feasible sets form a partition of the feasible set of the MILP and (2) a candidate integer solution. For control computation and sub-optimality quantification, we solve a set of LPs online in parallel. We demonstrate our approach for a motion planning example and compare against various commercial and open-source mixed-integer programming solvers., Comment: First two authors contributed equally

No abstract available

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

No abstract available

No abstract available

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

No abstract available

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

No abstract available

The paper, after an initial introduction to the theme of Unfair Trading Practices in the agrifood chain contracts, highlights the existing link between certain unfair commercial practices in the sector and food wastes; in fact, besides being detrimental to the agricultural or food producer, a few of such practices can contribute to the formation of food waste, like the cancellation of the order of perishable products without notice or with particularly short notice, or the provision of a guarantee for the purchaser that all unsold goods will be deducted from the purchase price and that the costs of removal will be borne by the selling parties. Le document, après une première introduction au thème des pratiques commerciales déloyales dans les contrats de la chaîne agroalimentaire, met en évidence le lien existant entre certaines pratiques commerciales déloyales du secteur et les déchets alimentaires ; en effet, outre le fait qu'elles portent préjudice au producteur agricole ou alimentaire, quelques-unes de ces pratiques peuvent contribuer à la formation de déchets alimentaires, comme l'annulation de la commande de produits périssables sans préavis ou avec un préavis particulièrement court, ou la fourniture d'une garantie pour l'acheteur que tous les invendus seront déduits du prix d'achat et que les coûts d'enlèvement seront supportés par les parties vendeuses.

No abstract available

Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During the development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular endpoints, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury in animal models, clinical renal diseases, and renal transplantation and the potential role of galectin-3 for treatment in kidney disease. (Cardionephrology), non disponibile (Cardionephrology)

Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During the development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular endpoints, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury in animal models, clinical renal diseases, and renal transplantation and the potential role of galectin-3 for treatment in kidney disease. (Cardionephrology), non disponibile (Cardionephrology)

Vitamin D represents the precursor of calcitriol, crucial for bone and mineral metabolism. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the detection of vitamin D receptor (VDR) both in the heart and vessels have focused the interest on potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D. Although several experimental data showed the protective role of vitamin D, on the other hand vitamin D “overdose” can contribute to heart and vascular calcification. Meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) underlined the association of vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but no significant improvements on cardiovascular outcomes are provided by the supplementation of vitamin D. The following review provides an update on pathophysiology of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) discussing on the association with cardiovascular risk factors and disease and on the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. (Cardionephrology), non disponibile (Cardionephrology)

Il volume contiene venti saggi scritti da altrettanti specialisti italiani, francesi e tedeschi sull'Ordine religioso dei Templari. Sono presenti alcune novità assolute in rapporto alla legislazione (manoscritto 44 A 13 della Biblioteca Corsiniana di Roma dell'Accademia dei Lincei) e in riferimento alla liturgia, con l'analisi di un recente codice conservato nella Biblioteca Capitolare di Modena, utilizzato in una "domus" nel corso del XIII secolo. L'Ordine religioso è stato inserito nel contesto del Mediterraneo al tempo dei "passagia", o pellegrinaggi armati (la parola crociata non esiste nelle fonti dei secolo XI-XIII) verso la Terra Santa. Ogni saggio, di chiara e facile lettura, si conclude con una bibliografia utile per chi voglia approfondire le questioni trattate.

Antonio Trabacca, Teresa Vespino, Antonella Di Liddo, Luigi Russo Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. “Eugenio Medea” – “La Nostra Famiglia” – Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults (Developmental Neurology and Neurorehabilitation), Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most frequent causes of child disability in developed countries. Children with CP need lifelong assistance and care. The current prevalence of CP in industrialized countries ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 per 1,000 live births, with one new case every 500 live births. Children with CP have an almost normal life expectancy and mortality is very low. Despite the low mortality rate, 5%–10% of them die during childhood, especially when the severe motor disability is comorbid with epilepsy and severe intellectual disability. Given this life expectancy, children with CP present with a lifelong disability of varying severity and complexity, which requires individualized pathways of care. There are no specific treatments that can remediate the brain damage responsible for the complex clinical–functional dysfunctions typical of CP. There are, however, a number of interventions (eg, neurorehabilitation, functional orthopedic surgery, medication, etc) aimed at limiting the damage secondary to the brain insult and improving these patients’ activity level and participation and, therefore, their quality of life. The extreme variability of clinical aspects and the complexity of affected functions determine a multifaceted skill development in children with CP. There is a need to provide them with long-term care, taking into account medical and social aspects as well as rehabilitation, education, and assistance. This long-term care must be suited according to children’s developmental stage and their physical, psychologic

Vitamin D represents the precursor of calcitriol, crucial for bone and mineral metabolism. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the detection of vitamin D receptor (VDR) both in the heart and vessels have focused the interest on potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D. Although several experimental data showed the protective role of vitamin D, on the other hand vitamin D “overdose” can contribute to heart and vascular calcification. Meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) underlined the association of vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but no significant improvements on cardiovascular outcomes are provided by the supplementation of vitamin D. The following review provides an update on pathophysiology of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) discussing on the association with cardiovascular risk factors and disease and on the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. (Cardionephrology), non disponibile (Cardionephrology)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with systemic inflammation. The latter accelerates comorbidities that are associated with CKD (cardiovascular disease, anemia, infections, cachexia and several other conditions), shortens life span and greatly impairs the quality of life. Recently the attention has been focused intestine and intestinal microbiota as sources of systemic inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota promotes the production of uraemic solute with a biological impact on the progression of kidney failure and vascular diseases. On the other hand, the uraemic status alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the structure of the epithelial barrier, causing the translocation of both microbiota and uraemic toxins into the blood stream. Several approaches have recently been tested, including dietary measures, prebiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents in order to reduce the generation and serum concentration of uraemic toxins., non disponibile

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with systemic inflammation. The latter accelerates comorbidities that are associated with CKD (cardiovascular disease, anemia, infections, cachexia and several other conditions), shortens life span and greatly impairs the quality of life. Recently the attention has been focused intestine and intestinal microbiota as sources of systemic inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota promotes the production of uraemic solute with a biological impact on the progression of kidney failure and vascular diseases. On the other hand, the uraemic status alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the structure of the epithelial barrier, causing the translocation of both microbiota and uraemic toxins into the blood stream. Several approaches have recently been tested, including dietary measures, prebiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents in order to reduce the generation and serum concentration of uraemic toxins., non disponibile

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with systemic inflammation. The latter accelerates comorbidities that are associated with CKD (cardiovascular disease, anemia, infections, cachexia and several other conditions), shortens life span and greatly impairs the quality of life. Recently the attention has been focused intestine and intestinal microbiota as sources of systemic inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota promotes the production of uraemic solute with a biological impact on the progression of kidney failure and vascular diseases. On the other hand, the uraemic status alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the structure of the epithelial barrier, causing the translocation of both microbiota and uraemic toxins into the blood stream. Several approaches have recently been tested, including dietary measures, prebiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents in order to reduce the generation and serum concentration of uraemic toxins., non disponibile

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with systemic inflammation. The latter accelerates comorbidities that are associated with CKD (cardiovascular disease, anemia, infections, cachexia and several other conditions), shortens life span and greatly impairs the quality of life. Recently the attention has been focused intestine and intestinal microbiota as sources of systemic inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota promotes the production of uraemic solute with a biological impact on the progression of kidney failure and vascular diseases. On the other hand, the uraemic status alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the structure of the epithelial barrier, causing the translocation of both microbiota and uraemic toxins into the blood stream. Several approaches have recently been tested, including dietary measures, prebiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents in order to reduce the generation and serum concentration of uraemic toxins., non disponibile

The paper is focused on the measures provided for under new EU regulations in an attempt to address the problems arising for the agricultural producers by the CAP reforms of 2003 and 2013; with these reforms the Community radically modified the framework of its agricultural policy, substantially eliminating the (already reduced) forms of market management and making further substantial cuts in the amount of coupled support in favour of an almost sudden (and improvised) switch to a system of direct payments to farmers, largely decoupled from production, as a means of supporting the income of agricultural producers. As a result, the latter suddenly found themselves exposed and forced to operate not on a European scale but rather in a global market, and what is more without any forms of protection., Se pretende examinar las medidas previstas en el Derecho de la UE verificando cómo y en qué modo se afronta la problemática que la reforma de la PAC del 2003 primero, y del 2013 después, han comportado para los productos agrícolas. Las reformas han modificado radicalmente el cuadro de acciones de PAC, sustancialmente eliminando la forma de gestión del Mercado realizando ulteriores reducciones en el importe de las ayudas acopladas en favor de un improvisado paso a un sistema fundado en pagos directos, en gran parte desacoplados de la producción. Como resultado, los productos agrícolas se han encontrado expuestos a una competencia a escala mundial sin una protección real.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with systemic inflammation. The latter accelerates comorbidities that are associated with CKD (cardiovascular disease, anemia, infections, cachexia and several other conditions), shortens life span and greatly impairs the quality of life. Recently the attention has been focused intestine and intestinal microbiota as sources of systemic inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota promotes the production of uraemic solute with a biological impact on the progression of kidney failure and vascular diseases. On the other hand, the uraemic status alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the structure of the epithelial barrier, causing the translocation of both microbiota and uraemic toxins into the blood stream. Several approaches have recently been tested, including dietary measures, prebiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents in order to reduce the generation and serum concentration of uraemic toxins., non disponibile

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Methods 11 (2014): 175-182, doi:10.1038/nmeth.2773., The quality of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) has improved dramatically in recent years, but high-performing ratiometric indicators are still rare. Here we describe a series of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based calcium biosensors with a reduced number of calcium binding sites per sensor. These ‘Twitch’ sensors are based on the C-terminal domain of Opsanus troponin C. Their FRET responses were optimized by a large-scale functional screen in bacterial colonies, refined by a secondary screen in rat hippocampal neuron cultures. We tested the in vivo performance of the most sensitive variants in the brain and lymph nodes of mice. The sensitivity of the “Twitch” sensors matched that of synthetic calcium dyes and allowed visualization of tonic action potential firing in neurons and high resolution functional tracking of T lymphocytes. Given their ratiometric readout, their brightness, large dynamic range and linear response properties, Twitch sensors represent versatile tools for neuroscience and immunology., 2014-07-05

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Methods 11 (2014): 175-182, doi:10.1038/nmeth.2773., The quality of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) has improved dramatically in recent years, but high-performing ratiometric indicators are still rare. Here we describe a series of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based calcium biosensors with a reduced number of calcium binding sites per sensor. These ‘Twitch’ sensors are based on the C-terminal domain of Opsanus troponin C. Their FRET responses were optimized by a large-scale functional screen in bacterial colonies, refined by a secondary screen in rat hippocampal neuron cultures. We tested the in vivo performance of the most sensitive variants in the brain and lymph nodes of mice. The sensitivity of the “Twitch” sensors matched that of synthetic calcium dyes and allowed visualization of tonic action potential firing in neurons and high resolution functional tracking of T lymphocytes. Given their ratiometric readout, their brightness, large dynamic range and linear response properties, Twitch sensors represent versatile tools for neuroscience and immunology., 2014-07-05

Massimo Sabbatini,1 Gianluca Garofalo,1 Silvio Borrelli,2 Sossio Vitale,1 Massimiliano Torino,1 Domenico Capone,3 Luigi Russo,3 Antonio Pisani,1 Rosa Carrano,1 Riccardo Gallo,1 Stefano Federico11Nephrology, Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 2Department of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, 3Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, ItalyPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nonadherence in a cohort of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and to evaluate prospectively whether more intense clinical surveillance and reduced pill number enhanced adherence.Patients and methods: The study was carried out in 310 stable RTRs in whom adherence, life satisfaction, and transplant care were evaluated by specific questionnaires (time 0). The patients under tacrolimus (TAC; bis in die [BID]) were then shifted to once-daily TAC (D-TAC) to reduce their pill burden (Shift group) and were followed up for 6 months to reevaluate the same parameters. Patients on cyclosporin or still on BID-TAC constituted a time-control group.Results: The prevalence of nonadherence was 23.5% and was associated with previous rejection episodes (P<0.002), and was inversely related to Life Satisfaction Index, anxiety, and low glomerular filtration rate (minimum P<0.03). Nonadherent patients were significantly less satisfied with their medical care and their relationships with the medical staff. A shift from BID-TAC to D-TAC was performed in 121 patients, and the questionnaires were repeated after 3 and 6 months. In the Shift group, a reduction in pill number was observed (P<0.01), associated with improved adherence after 3 and 6 months (+36%, P<0.05 versus basal), with no change in controls. Decreased TAC trough levels after 3 and 6 months (−9%), despite a slight increase in drug dosage (+6.5%), were observed in the Shift group, with no clinical side

Swapnil Gaikwad,1 Avinash Ingle,1 Aniket Gade,1 Mahendra Rai,1 Annarita Falanga,3 Novella Incoronato,2 Luigi Russo,2 Stefania Galdiero,3 Massimilano Galdiero2 1Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India; 2Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, II University of Naples, 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Naples, Italy Abstract: The interaction between silver nanoparticles and viruses is attracting great interest due to the potential antiviral activity of these particles, and is the subject of much research effort in the treatment of infectious diseases. In this work, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a size-dependent interaction with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and with human parainfluenza virus type 3. We show that production of silver nanoparticles from different fungi is feasible, and their antiviral activity is dependent on the production system used. Silver nanoparticles are capable of reducing viral infectivity, probably by blocking interaction of the virus with the cell, which might depend on the size and zeta potential of the silver nanoparticles. Smaller-sized nanoparticles were able to inhibit the infectivity of the viruses analyzed. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, antiviral, herpes simplex virus, parainfluenza virus

Swapnil Gaikwad,1 Avinash Ingle,1 Aniket Gade,1 Mahendra Rai,1 Annarita Falanga,3 Novella Incoronato,2 Luigi Russo,2 Stefania Galdiero,3 Massimilano Galdiero2 1Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India; 2Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, II University of Naples, 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Naples, Italy Abstract: The interaction between silver nanoparticles and viruses is attracting great interest due to the potential antiviral activity of these particles, and is the subject of much research effort in the treatment of infectious diseases. In this work, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a size-dependent interaction with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and with human parainfluenza virus type 3. We show that production of silver nanoparticles from different fungi is feasible, and their antiviral activity is dependent on the production system used. Silver nanoparticles are capable of reducing viral infectivity, probably by blocking interaction of the virus with the cell, which might depend on the size and zeta potential of the silver nanoparticles. Smaller-sized nanoparticles were able to inhibit the infectivity of the viruses analyzed. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, antiviral, herpes simplex virus, parainfluenza virus

Il tema, oggetto di ricerca, riguarda “gli effetti del fallimento sul contratto preliminare di vendita”. Il lavoro risulta essere diviso in ben quattro capitoli (il primo, a carattere introduttivo, sui principi generali dell’art. 72 l.fall.; il secondo su specifici aspetti del rapporto intercorrente tra il contratto preliminare e la dichiarazione di fallimento; il terzo, il rapporto tra il contratto preliminare e la revocatoria fallimentare ed infine il quarto ed ultimo capitolo analizza una fattispecie particolare di preliminare, quale quello avente ad oggetto immobili da costruire,così come disciplinato dall’art. 72 bis l.fall. ). La ricerca è affrontata alla luce di numerosi interventi legislativi che si sono susseguiti nel tempo a colmare una lacuna assai grave del nostro ordinamento, quale la mancanza di tutela del promissario acquirente, quale parte debole del rapporto contrattuale, in pendenza di una procedura concorsuale. Infatti la questione posta dalle esigenze di tutela dell’acquirente e soprattutto del promissario acquirente di immobili, impegna ormai da oltre un decennio il legislatore, che ha elaborato strumenti plurimi di tutela, che non sempre si sono rivelati realmente efficaci, ma che si caratterizzano per una progressione in termini di intensità della tutela apprestata. Sono principalmente tre, infatti, le esigenze di tutela che possono in astratto prospettarsi in caso di fallimento del promittente venditore/ costruttore: una tutela per così dire reale o acquisitiva, che mira a consentire il compimento del programma contrattuale con l’acquisto della proprietà da parte del promissario; una tutela obbligatoria o recuperatoria o restitutoria che salvaguardi quest’ultimo (almeno) dal rischio di perdere le somme versate in anticipo e che costituiscono una forma di finanziamento dell’attività d’impresa; una tutela che potremmo chiamare conservativa, per l’ipotesi in cui il programma contrattuale si sia realizzato in epoca prefallimentare ed il rischio s

Il tema, oggetto di ricerca, riguarda “gli effetti del fallimento sul contratto preliminare di vendita”. Il lavoro risulta essere diviso in ben quattro capitoli (il primo, a carattere introduttivo, sui principi generali dell’art. 72 l.fall.; il secondo su specifici aspetti del rapporto intercorrente tra il contratto preliminare e la dichiarazione di fallimento; il terzo, il rapporto tra il contratto preliminare e la revocatoria fallimentare ed infine il quarto ed ultimo capitolo analizza una fattispecie particolare di preliminare, quale quello avente ad oggetto immobili da costruire,così come disciplinato dall’art. 72 bis l.fall. ). La ricerca è affrontata alla luce di numerosi interventi legislativi che si sono susseguiti nel tempo a colmare una lacuna assai grave del nostro ordinamento, quale la mancanza di tutela del promissario acquirente, quale parte debole del rapporto contrattuale, in pendenza di una procedura concorsuale. Infatti la questione posta dalle esigenze di tutela dell’acquirente e soprattutto del promissario acquirente di immobili, impegna ormai da oltre un decennio il legislatore, che ha elaborato strumenti plurimi di tutela, che non sempre si sono rivelati realmente efficaci, ma che si caratterizzano per una progressione in termini di intensità della tutela apprestata. Sono principalmente tre, infatti, le esigenze di tutela che possono in astratto prospettarsi in caso di fallimento del promittente venditore/ costruttore: una tutela per così dire reale o acquisitiva, che mira a consentire il compimento del programma contrattuale con l’acquisto della proprietà da parte del promissario; una tutela obbligatoria o recuperatoria o restitutoria che salvaguardi quest’ultimo (almeno) dal rischio di perdere le somme versate in anticipo e che costituiscono una forma di finanziamento dell’attività d’impresa; una tutela che potremmo chiamare conservativa, per l’ipotesi in cui il programma contrattuale si sia realizzato in epoca prefallimentare ed il rischio s

Il tema, oggetto di ricerca, riguarda “gli effetti del fallimento sul contratto preliminare di vendita”. Il lavoro risulta essere diviso in ben quattro capitoli (il primo, a carattere introduttivo, sui principi generali dell’art. 72 l.fall.; il secondo su specifici aspetti del rapporto intercorrente tra il contratto preliminare e la dichiarazione di fallimento; il terzo, il rapporto tra il contratto preliminare e la revocatoria fallimentare ed infine il quarto ed ultimo capitolo analizza una fattispecie particolare di preliminare, quale quello avente ad oggetto immobili da costruire,così come disciplinato dall’art. 72 bis l.fall. ). La ricerca è affrontata alla luce di numerosi interventi legislativi che si sono susseguiti nel tempo a colmare una lacuna assai grave del nostro ordinamento, quale la mancanza di tutela del promissario acquirente, quale parte debole del rapporto contrattuale, in pendenza di una procedura concorsuale. Infatti la questione posta dalle esigenze di tutela dell’acquirente e soprattutto del promissario acquirente di immobili, impegna ormai da oltre un decennio il legislatore, che ha elaborato strumenti plurimi di tutela, che non sempre si sono rivelati realmente efficaci, ma che si caratterizzano per una progressione in termini di intensità della tutela apprestata. Sono principalmente tre, infatti, le esigenze di tutela che possono in astratto prospettarsi in caso di fallimento del promittente venditore/ costruttore: una tutela per così dire reale o acquisitiva, che mira a consentire il compimento del programma contrattuale con l’acquisto della proprietà da parte del promissario; una tutela obbligatoria o recuperatoria o restitutoria che salvaguardi quest’ultimo (almeno) dal rischio di perdere le somme versate in anticipo e che costituiscono una forma di finanziamento dell’attività d’impresa; una tutela che potremmo chiamare conservativa, per l’ipotesi in cui il programma contrattuale si sia realizzato in epoca prefallimentare ed il rischio s

Collection : Bibliothèque internationale d'économie politique, Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte