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Vasos comunicantes entre los grados en Diseño y Bellas Artes de la UCM Laboratorios transdisciplinares: #2 La lectura inspiradora del diseño editorial, la ilustración y el fanzine. Ida y vuelta de lo digital a lo manual es un proyecto de innovación docente desarrollado en la Facultad de Bellas Artes durante el curso 2023-2024 y que trata de vincular los grados de Bellas Artes y Diseño a través de proyectos en común en torno al diseño editorial, la ilustración y el fanzine.

This work compares the effect of using a solar reactor against a conventional electrical furnace to obtain carbon materials by pyrolysis of a lignocellulosic precursor. The solar reactor is directly irradiated and includes modifications to improve the control of the process and the reproducibility of solar experiments. A bagasse of agave creole was selected as the lignocellulosic precursor or biomass to obtain carbon materials at temperatures of 700 °C. Comparing carbons produced by conventional and solar pyrolysis, higher crystallinity and lower hydrophilicity are evident in the former. Moreover, conventional pyrolysis tends to promote a more homogeneous porous structure in comparison to solar pyrolysis. However, within the spectrum of solar carbons produced, the morphology of biomass plays a crucial role in influencing the chemical composition and porosity properties. Specifically, the use of fibers instead of powders to produce carbons through solar pyrolysis results in a more homogeneous porosity, attributed to an enhanced volumetric absorption of solar radiation. This modification leads to a significant improvement in capacitance, increasing from 125 F/g to 175 F/g at 5 mV/s in aqueous electrolytes. The carbons from the solar furnace are reproducible, underlying the potential of the proposed process towards a sustainable alternative. To achieve a theoretical reference, the pyrolysis process was mimic trough Reactive Molecular Dynamics calculations modeling the initial structural conditions of agave biomass with its corresponding lignocellulosic components and considering analogous thermal conditions. The resulting carbon structures at the end of the simulations showed structural properties that are consistent with those observed in the pair distribution functions obtained from XRD and the pore size distribution from physisorption analyses. This combined experimental–theoretical approach offers the potential to elucidate porous carbon structures derived from pyr

A full description of computational details related to molecular dynamics, radial distribution function computation, and Envelope Density assessment, along with experimental results concerning SEM images of group I and group II carbon materials.-- S0.1. Computational Details: S0.1.1. Simulations with Molecular Dynamics. S0.1.2. Radial distribution function computation. S0.1.3. Envelope Density assessment. S0.2. Complementary experimental results

Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in developed countries and, despite the improvements achieved in its treatment options, remains as one of the main causes of cancer-related death. In this review, we first focus on colorectal carcinogenesis and on the genetic and epigenetic alterations involved. In addition, noncoding RNAs have been shown to be important regulators of gene expression. We present a general overview of what is known about these molecules and their role and dysregulation in cancer, with a special focus on the biogenesis, characteristics, and function of microRNAs. These molecules are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases in cancer, including colorectal cancer. For this reason, miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments, or even as therapeutic agents, or as targets by themselves. Thus, this review highlights the importance of miRNAs in the development, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer and summarizes current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer., MICINN, Santander-UCM grant, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, TRUE, pub

Son escasas las cofradías y hermandades que cuentan con un sistema adecuado de documentación de su patrimonio mueble, los inventarios que se realizan suelen contar con poca información y se elaboran por hermanos de la propia cofradía, los cuales cuentan con poca experiencia en este campo. Dada la extensión del patrimonio cofrade, se requiere una planificación de trabajo y el planteamiento de unos objetivos tanto generales como específicos. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado, propone las bases y herramientas necesarias para la gestión del patrimonio y la elaboración de un inventario y una catalogación, tomando como ejemplo el patrimonio de la Hermandad de Viñeros, según los estándares de documentación y registro de las colecciones de museos, así como de otras entidades relacionadas con la gestión del patrimonio., There are few guilds and brotherhoods that have an adequate system of documentation of their movable heritage, the inventories that are carried out usually have little information and are elaborated by brothers of the same guild, which have little experience in this field. Given the extent of the cofrade heritage, at work planning and the approach of both general and specific objectives is required. This Final Project, proposes necessary bases and tools for the management of the patrimony and the elaboration of an inventory and a cataloguing, taking as example the patrimony of the Brotherhood of Vintners, according to the standards of documentation and registration of museum collections, as well as other entities related to heritage management.

Introduction and objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an increasingly used procedure to treat severe aortic stenosis (AS) that should be monitored in the real-world routine clinical practice. We assessed TAVI outcomes (SAPIEN 3) in terms of the patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), clinical endpoints, and resource utilization considering a valid risk score. Methods: This was an observational prospective study including all consecutive patients with severe AS treated with TAVI (Edwards SAPIEN 3, transfemoral access) conducted during the calendar year of 2018. A systematic assessment of the patients’ HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire), clinical endpoints, and resource utilization (length of stay at the hospital/intensive care unit setting) was implemented. Assessment was scheduled before the procedure (baseline), at discharge, and 1, 6, and 12 months after implantation. Multivariate regression models were applied to test outcomes while controlling the patients’ risk (eg, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score). Results: A total of 76 patients (50% female) with a mean age of 82.05 ± 4.76 years, and 55% with intermediate-high risk were included. The rates of successful impantation and cardiac death were 97.37% and 2.63%, respectively, at 1 year. Significant reductions in mean and maximum gradients were achieved and maintained at follow-up. The mean length of stay at the hospital (5.2 6 ± 4.05) and intensive care unit setting (0.22 ± 0.64) was short. Significant improvements (all adjusted P < .05) were detected in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scores, EQ-5D-5L, and the 36-item Short Form (physical component summary). Conclusions: This research highlights how positive clinical outcomes translated into significant improvements in relation to the patients’ HRQoL. Use of resources —generally low— was based on the Society of Thoracic Surge, Introducción y objetivos: El uso del implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation) está aumentando en el tratamiento de la estenosis aórtica grave. Por ello, el uso de TAVI en la vida real debe monitorizarse. Evaluamos los resultados del TAVI en términos de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), resultados clínicos y uso de recursos teniendo en cuenta un marcador de riesgo válido. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo incluyendo todos los pacientes consecutivos con estenosis aórtica grave tratados con TAVI (Edwards SAPIEN 3, acceso transfemoral) en 2018. Se evaluaron de forma sistemática la CVRS (EQ-5D-5L, Short Form-36 Health Survey, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire), los resultados clínicos y el uso de recursos (estancia en planta/unidad de cuidados intensivos). La evaluación se hizo antes de la intervención (basal), al alta y después de 1,6 y 12 meses del implante. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión multivariante para evaluar los resultados mientras se controlaba el riesgo del paciente (por ejemplo, escala de riesgo de la Society of Thoracic Surgeons). Resultados: Se incluyó a 76 pacientes (el 50% mujeres), con una edad media de 82,05 ± 4,76, y el 55% con riesgo intermedio-alto. Hubo un 97,37% de éxito del implante y la tasa de muerte de causa cardiovascular fue del 2,63% al año. Se consiguieron reducciones significativas en los gradientes medios y máximos, y se mantuvieron durante las visitas de seguimiento. Las estancias medias en planta (5,26 ± 4,05 días) y en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (0,22 ± 0,64 días) fueron bajas. Se detectaron mejoras significativas (todo ajustado p < 0,05) en el Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (puntuaciones generales), el EQ-5D-5L y el Short Form-36 (componente físico). Conclusiones: Esta investigación destaca resultados clínicos positivos que se traducen en mejoras significativas en términos de calidad de vida de los pacientes. El uso de recursos, que fue en

By analyzing Wilfrid Sellars’s contributions to dealing with the complexity of what knowledge is and how it is formed – epistemology and ontology – and Thomas Metzinger’s theoretical complement to Sellars’ ontology, I explore how the impasse in contemporary art caused by the aesthetic correlation of subject and object can be overcome by a new paradigm in post-contemporary art. Firstly, I use Sellars’ account of stereoscopic vision and his critique to foundationalist ideas and classic empiricist theories to describe how 20th-century modern and post-modern art practices can be transcended through rejection of the given contemporary realism and naturalist-materialism. This notion has gained particular relevance due to breakthroughs within the fields of neurosciences and computer sciences, as demonstrated in such examples of post-contemporary art as Emanuel Gollob’s Doing Nothing with AI 1.0 (2019). I then expand on the Sellarsian scientific ontological perspective through Thomas Metzinger’s notion of the Phenomenal Self Model (PSM), which provides an approach not found in Sellars’ thought. A return to Sellars is necessary, however, to attend to other forms of post-contemporary art, including Serious Games III: Immersion (2009) by Harun Farocki, which focuses on the formation of human experience through a scientific ontological understanding of the mental as part of nature. The theories of Wilfrid Sellars and Thomas Metzinger enable us to go beyond the drift initiated by Marcel Duchamp at the beginning of the 20th century, by configuring a paradigm for post-contemporary aesthetics that clarifies the current state of the arts and non-correlationist thought.

By analyzing Wilfrid Sellars’s contributions to dealing with the complexity of what knowledge is and how it is formed – epistemology and ontology – and Thomas Metzinger’s theoretical complement to Sellars’ ontology, I explore how the impasse in contemporary art caused by the aesthetic correlation of subject and object can be overcome by a new paradigm in post-contemporary art. Firstly, I use Sellars’ account of stereoscopic vision and his critique to foundationalist ideas and classic empiricist theories to describe how 20th-century modern and post-modern art practices can be transcended through rejection of the given contemporary realism and naturalist-materialism. This notion has gained particular relevance due to breakthroughs within the fields of neurosciences and computer sciences, as demonstrated in such examples of post-contemporary art as Emanuel Gollob’s Doing Nothing with AI 1.0 (2019). I then expand on the Sellarsian scientific ontological perspective through Thomas Metzinger’s notion of the Phenomenal Self Model (PSM), which provides an approach not found in Sellars’ thought. A return to Sellars is necessary, however, to attend to other forms of post-contemporary art, including Serious Games III: Immersion (2009) by Harun Farocki, which focuses on the formation of human experience through a scientific ontological understanding of the mental as part of nature. The theories of Wilfrid Sellars and Thomas Metzinger enable us to go beyond the drift initiated by Marcel Duchamp at the beginning of the 20th century, by configuring a paradigm for post-contemporary aesthetics that clarifies the current state of the arts and non-correlationist thought.

El proyecto surge del deseo de conectar los grados en Diseño y Bellas Artes que se imparten en la facultad de Bellas Artes de la UCM. Identificamos en el alumnado de ambos grados intereses comunes y formas de hacer que por momentos resultan opuestas: enfocadas unas en lo digital, centradas las otras en lo manual, demasiado orientadas unas hacia el proyecto final, trabajadas las otras de forma más circunstancial. No podemos generalizar en ninguno de los casos, aunque quisimos experimentar con la riqueza que supondría para los alumnos y alumnas de ambos grados encontrarse. De ahí nació la idea de laboratorio que trabajamos en esta propuesta de innovación docente. Concebimos el laboratorio como el formato que crea las condiciones para el encuentro y el trabajo colaborativo y conjunto entre ambos grados. Los laboratorios permiten ensayar nuevos modos de hacer, se construyen sobre el hacer colectivo y exigen desplegar y compartir los saberes de cada persona. Contemplamos entonces en este proyecto el laboratorio como un espacio y punto de encuentro para las asignaturas de ambos grados. En este caso hemos diseñado el marco del laboratorio #1 en torno a la gráfica en el cartel y el fanzine. Ambos son contextos de acción creativa que nos permiten trabajar la generación de imágenes usando técnicas manuales y digitales integradas en una investigación basada en la práctica. Hemos buscado además que con el desarrollo de este proyecto se vaya definiendo el diseño de un prototipo de laboratorio que pueda ser replicable en un futuro.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular alterations that affect the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and contiguous structures. A high prevalence of TMD has been reported in university students, and it may also be associated with neck pain and emotional disturbances. The objective is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with TMD in university students. M ethods: An analytical cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The population was university students who have completed in 2021, aged between 18 and 35 years. The Fonseca Simplified Anamnestic Index Questionnaire, DASS-21, Nordic Questionnaire, and general data questionnaire were used. Results: 378 university students were included in the study, 73.6 % had TMD and 59.8 % had cervical pain in the last 7 days. 55.6 %, 71.4 %, and 65.6 % presented stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. A significant association was found between TMD and cervical pain in the last 7 days (RPa=1.28, CI95 % 1.11 to 1.47, p=0.001), with anxiety (RPa=1.24, CI95 % 1.02 to 1.52, p=0.033) and with female sex (RPa=1.18, CI95 % 1.02 to 1.37, p=0.025). On the contrary, no association was found between TTM and the stress and depression variables. Conclusion: 73.6 % of university students had TMD, and it was also shown that cervical pain in the last 7 days and anxiety were associated with TMD. No relationship was found between stress and depression with TMD., Revisión por pares

PR, IFPRI4, DGO, Agricultural production is a risky activity subject to several contingencies that make farming incomes unstable and unpredictable from year to year. Bakst, Sewell, and Wright (2016) report that the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) identifies five types of farming risk: (1) human and personal risk (such as human health), (2) institutional risk (regarding governmental action), (3) financial risk (such as access to capital), (4) price or market risk, and (5) production risk (such as weather and pests). The HIV/AIDS pandemic in African countries in the early 2000s is an example of a human risk that affected agricultural output and labor supply and demand. Land expropriation, land reforms, and unanticipated changes in the agricultural tax system are examples of institutional risk that can depress investment in the agricultural sector. Nonavailability of funds in the formal or informal financial sector or high interest rates reflecting liquidity scarcity at the beginning of the crop season can limit area planted in a year. Uncertain crop prices at harvest time and input prices during the crop calendar can have severe impacts on farm income and become a social problem when affecting many farmers.

El proyecto “Prácticas prototipables para la docencia online desde la Facultad de Bellas Artes: Implementación, desarrollo e intercambio de experiencias” se planteó como continuación del proyecto de innovación educativa que desarrollamos durante el curso 2020-2021 (Proyecto 189). Para ello, en este curso hemos continuado con la activación de las prácticas prototipables producidas por diferentes artistas y, a la vez, hemos invitado a nuevxs artistas para esta edición. Por otro lado, hemos contado con el acompañamiento de algunxs de estxs artistas en las activaciones que hemos ido llevando a cabo en los diferentes contextos en los que se desarrolla la docencia del equipo que forma parte del proyecto.

Epistemología visual: de los dibujos de Santiago Ramón y Cajal a las imágenes en las neurociencias contemporáneas es una contribución a los estudios de epistemología visual en las neurociencias, desde Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta la actualidad. Se centra en la cultura material de las prácticas artísticas y de los saberes de las neurociencias; esto es, los instrumentos, los procedimientos y los recursos narrativos – imágenes y textos- considerados agentes en la producción de conocimiento. Esta investigación se ha basado en el análisis de los agentes involucrados en la construcción de las imágenes neurocientíficas, en diferentes periodos históricos, desde la perspectiva de las culturas visuales, la historia de la ciencia y la investigación basada en prácticas artísticas. Imágenes que se han presentado como objetos centrales en la manufactura y en la difusión del conocimiento científico. La primera parte se centra en la obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, subrayando su dominio y habilidad artística fruto de la formación en artes plásticas recibida durante su infancia y juventud. A través de sus primeros dibujos, litografías, cuadernos de bocetos y fotografías, se sitúa su producción gráfica en relación a sus contemporáneos dentro de un contexto transnacional de producción e investigación. Sus aportaciones científicas se concretaban en formas y composiciones producto de su destreza como científico y artista plástico..., Visual Epistemology: From Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s Drawings to Images in Contemporary Neurosciences is a contribution to the studies on the visual epistemology in the neurosciences, from Santiago Ramón y Cajal, at the end of the 19th century, to the present day. It focuses on the material culture of neurosciences’ practices and knowledge, that is, the instruments, procedures and narrative resources -images and texts -, considered agents in the production of knowledge. This research is based on the analysis of the agents involved in the construction of neuroscientific images, in different historical periods, from the perspective of the visual cultures, the history of science and the research on artistic practices. Images have been presented as central objects in the manufacture and dissemination of scientific knowledge. The first part focuses on the work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, on his mastery, artistic abilities as a result of his training during his childhood and youth. Through the study of his first drawings, lithographs, sketchbooks and photographs, his graphic productionis situated in relation to his contemporaries within a transnational context of production and research. His scientific contributions are embodied in shapes and compositions as products of his skills as a scientific visual artists.The second part deals with the transition between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century of the neuroscientific images and their participation in the changes experienced by the observation regimes and the introduction of imaging devices in modern society from the nineteenth century on. This part operates as an interlude between the first and third part of this thesis, with the aim of demonstrating the changes in the construction and observation of those images involved in the formation of the modern subjectivity, and its uses in medicine and industrial production...

El proyecto “Prácticas prototipables para la docencia online desde la Facultad de Bellas Artes: Implementación, desarrollo e intercambio de experiencias” se planteó como continuación del proyecto de innovación educativa que desarrollamos durante el curso 2020-2021 (Proyecto 189). Para ello, en este curso hemos continuado con la activación de las prácticas prototipables producidas por diferentes artistas y, a la vez, hemos invitado a nuevxs artistas para esta edición. Por otro lado, hemos contado con el acompañamiento de algunxs de estxs artistas en las activaciones que hemos ido llevando a cabo en los diferentes contextos en los que se desarrolla la docencia del equipo que forma parte del proyecto.

Epistemología visual: de los dibujos de Santiago Ramón y Cajal a las imágenes en las neurociencias contemporáneas es una contribución a los estudios de epistemología visual en las neurociencias, desde Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta la actualidad. Se centra en la cultura material de las prácticas artísticas y de los saberes de las neurociencias; esto es, los instrumentos, los procedimientos y los recursos narrativos – imágenes y textos- considerados agentes en la producción de conocimiento. Esta investigación se ha basado en el análisis de los agentes involucrados en la construcción de las imágenes neurocientíficas, en diferentes periodos históricos, desde la perspectiva de las culturas visuales, la historia de la ciencia y la investigación basada en prácticas artísticas. Imágenes que se han presentado como objetos centrales en la manufactura y en la difusión del conocimiento científico. La primera parte se centra en la obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, subrayando su dominio y habilidad artística fruto de la formación en artes plásticas recibida durante su infancia y juventud. A través de sus primeros dibujos, litografías, cuadernos de bocetos y fotografías, se sitúa su producción gráfica en relación a sus contemporáneos dentro de un contexto transnacional de producción e investigación. Sus aportaciones científicas se concretaban en formas y composiciones producto de su destreza como científico y artista plástico..., Visual Epistemology: From Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s Drawings to Images in Contemporary Neurosciences is a contribution to the studies on the visual epistemology in the neurosciences, from Santiago Ramón y Cajal, at the end of the 19th century, to the present day. It focuses on the material culture of neurosciences’ practices and knowledge, that is, the instruments, procedures and narrative resources -images and texts -, considered agents in the production of knowledge. This research is based on the analysis of the agents involved in the construction of neuroscientific images, in different historical periods, from the perspective of the visual cultures, the history of science and the research on artistic practices. Images have been presented as central objects in the manufacture and dissemination of scientific knowledge. The first part focuses on the work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, on his mastery, artistic abilities as a result of his training during his childhood and youth. Through the study of his first drawings, lithographs, sketchbooks and photographs, his graphic productionis situated in relation to his contemporaries within a transnational context of production and research. His scientific contributions are embodied in shapes and compositions as products of his skills as a scientific visual artists.The second part deals with the transition between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century of the neuroscientific images and their participation in the changes experienced by the observation regimes and the introduction of imaging devices in modern society from the nineteenth century on. This part operates as an interlude between the first and third part of this thesis, with the aim of demonstrating the changes in the construction and observation of those images involved in the formation of the modern subjectivity, and its uses in medicine and industrial production...

MADCOVID-CSIC is an outreach project aimed at young people concentrating on the most interesting aspects about the pandemic. These ranged from contagion to emotional impact. It is financed by the Recovery Fund and belongs to the Social Forum of the PTI+ Global Health., Objectives: • Disseminate, inform and promote knowledge about the pandemic among young people. • Promote greater awareness of young people about the risks of COVID-19. • Encourage young people to be the link of information and dissemination with their immediate family and friends. • Help young people emotionally manage the pandemic., Methods: First we sent a questionnaire to the teacher in order to determine the topics that interest the most: disease,contagion, vaccine, duration of the pandemic, misinformation, fake news and emotional management. The content of the talks is adapted to priorities. Then, an assessment of the experience is made between speakers and teachers to detect changes in behavior and perception of the pandemic among the students., Results and conclusions: To date, more than 25 talks have been given in educational centers, 11 of them in collaboration with secondary schools associated with the CSIC’s Science dissemination Project “Ciencia en el Barrio”, orientated to socially and vulnerable neighborhood in Madrid and the surrounded metropolitan area. In the talks, emotional management is treated preferentially, through collaboration with a cabinet of psychologists that is receiving great interest from teachers and students. They learn to recognize and name emotions, normalizing them and discarding emotional garbage, favoring more emotionally proactive, tolerant and healthy attitudes.

Conventional agriculture is based on a production system dependent on a high use of synthetic inputs and today faces difficulties in maintaining acceptable levels in agricultural production due tothe increasein costs and environmental pollution. A sustainable alternative to this problem is the use ofplant growth-promoting bacteria, being a potential alternative when using them as biofertilizers. The objective of the work was to evaluate strains of Bacillus(Bacillus subtilisand Bacillus amyloquefaciens) native to the Lagunera region, testing their potential as biofertilizersin the cultivation of forage cornand evaluating the yield of dry matter. In the treatments, bacteria were applied individually, in combination with each other and with 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer, the variables evaluated were: leaf area, leaf weight, green corncobweight, cane weight, green corncob diameter, green corncob length, dry matter yield, root volume displacement, fresh root weight and dry root weight.Dry matter yieldin Bacillustreatmentsdid not show statistically significantdifferencescompared tothechemical control, but bacterial treatments were numerically better. In the same way, an increase in root mass was observed in these treatments, so theiruse is considered as a viable alternative to replace chemical fertilizer., La agricultura convencional se fundamenta en un sistema de producción dependiente de alto uso de insumos sintéticos y hoy enfrenta dificultades para mantener niveles aceptables en la producción agrícola debido al aumento de los costos y contaminación ambiental. Una alternativa sustentable es el uso de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, siendo una alternativa potencial al usarlas como biofertilizantes. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar cepas de Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus amyloquefaciens nativas de la región lagunera, probando su potencial como biofertilizante en el cultivo de maíz forrajero y evaluando rendimiento de materia seca. En los tratamientos se aplicaron bacterias de manera individual, en combinación entre ellas y con 50% de la dosis de fertilizante químico recomendado, las variables evaluadas fueron: área foliar, peso de hojas, peso del elote, peso de la caña, diámetro del elote, largo del elote, rendimiento de materia seca, desplazamiento de volumen de raíz, peso fresco de raíz y peso seco de raíz. El rendimiento de materia seca en los tratamientos con Bacillus no resultaron con diferencia estadística significativa comparado con el testigo químico, pero los tratamientos con bacterias resultaron mejores numéricamente. De la misma manera, se observó un aumento en la masa radicular en estos tratamientos, por lo que se considera su uso como una alternativa viable para sustituir el fertilizante químico.

The objective of this study was to produce organic fodder based on corn and Yorimón beanas an alternative to conventional fodders in the Lagunera Region.The experiment was conducted in the spring-summer cycle from April to August 2017. In each useful plot, three cornplantsand three Yorimón beanplants were harvested, which were finely chopped and mixed to form a balanced compound of which one kilogramwas used for bromatological analyses. A randomizedblock design with four repetitions was used. In the CPof organic and inorganic fodders, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05) and the values found were within the optimal values for cows in production. CP correlated positively with TDNand NEL(p<0.01). The quality of the fodder combined between corn and Yorimón beanshowed that it is an alternative to conventional fodders, El objetivo de este estudio fue producir forraje orgánico a base de maíz y frijol Yorimón como alternativa a los forrajes convencionales en la Región Lagunera. El experimento se realizó en el ciclo de primavera-verano de abril a agosto de 2017. En cada parcela útil se cosecharon tres plantas de maíz y tres de frijol, las cuales fueron finamente picadas y mezcladas para formar un compuesto balanceado del cual se utilizó un kilo para los análisis bromatológicos. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. En PC de los forrajes orgánicos e inorgánicos, no se observaron diferencias significativas (p> 0.05) y los valores encontrados estuvieron dentro de los valores óptimos para vacas en producción. PC correlacionó positivamente con la TND y ENL (p< 0.01). La calidad del forraje combinado entre maíz y frijol Yorimón mostró que es una alternativa a los forrajes convencionales.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; DCA, MTID, Farm size and land allocation are important factors in explaining lagging agricultural productivity in developing countries. This paper examines the effect of land market imperfections on land allocation across farmers and aggregate agricultural productivity. We develop a theoretical framework to model the optimal size distribution of farms and assess to what extent market imperfections can explain non-optimal land allocation and output inefficiency. We measure these distortions for the case of Guatemala using agricultural census microdata. We find that due to land market imperfections aggregate output is 19% below its efficient level for both maize and beans and 31% below for coffee, which are three major crops produced nationwide. We also observe that areas with higher distortions show higher land price dispersion and less active rental markets. The degree of land market distortions across areas co-variate to some extent with road accessibility, ethnicity, and education.

[EN] The first part of the text focuses on the analysis of Sky Hook (Study for a Ballon Building) (1978), a project by Gordon Matta-Clark about the construction of a respectful architecture with a planet submitted to overexploitation. For this, I examine the floating structures that were devised in the USSR throughout the 20s of the last century. Utopian projects that Peter Fend, as assistant of Matta-Clark, investigated for the formalization of Sky Hook. In the second part I expose the link between Sky Hook and the work A Thermodynamic Imaginary (2018) byTomás Saraceno exposed at the MAAT of Lisbon in 2018. Saraceno proposes solutions to prevent the exploitation of fossil resources from different proposals of aircraft within the optics of the Anthropocene. Saraceno continues Matta-Clark’s approach from the perspecti- ve of what he has coined as Aerocene, [ES] La primera parte del texto se centra en el análisis del proyecto Sky Hook (Study for a Ballon Building) (1978) de Gordon Matta-Clark, un proyecto en torno a la construcción de una arquitectura respetuosa con un planeta sometido a la sobreexplotación. Para ello, examino las estructuras flotantes que se idearon en la URSS a lo largo de los años veinte del siglo pasado. Proyectos utópicos que Peter Fend, como ayudante de Matta-Clark, investigó para la formalización de Sky Hook. En la segunda parte expongo el vínculo entre Sky Hook y la obra A Thermodynamic Imaginary (2018) deTomás Saraceno expuesta en el MAAT de Lisboa en 2018. Saraceno plantea soluciones para prevenir la explotación de recursos fósiles a partir de diferentes propuestas de aeronaves dentro de la óptica del Antropoceno. Saraceno continúa los planteamientos de Matta-Clark desde la perspectiva de lo que ha denominado como Aeroceno

La videoinstalación, Post-Contingent Coherence, es el resultado la investigación artística basada en el interés en torno a la confluencia entre neurociencias y arte, atendiendo a lo que atañe a la percepción en personas con afecciones neuronales extrañas. En este proyecto, la anosognosia es el centro de investigación, una patología fundamentada en la negación de otras manifestaciones que afectan al paciente. En este proyecto, la percepción tiene un papel fundamental a la hora de comprender diferentes realidades que se solapan en el tiempo y en el espacio, provenientes de la misma persona.

La idea de “marxismo cultural” tan extendida entre los colectivos de derecha alternativa adopta la forma de un mito oscuro y confuso que funciona como una teoría de la conspiración. El artículo ofrece, en su primera parte, un recorrido por la génesis, estructura y sentido del mito, colocando el foco de atención en el engañoso vínculo entre marxismo y filosofías posmodernas, esencial para que la teoría de la conspiración resulte operativa. La segunda parte investiga el recorrido y alcance del fenómeno a través de los social media: apropiacionismo visual, memes y propaganda antimarxista componen el ideario simbólico de la ultraderecha populista

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; PBI, MTID; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data), Smallholder farmers play a critical role in supporting food security in developing countries. Monitoring crop phenology and disturbances to crop growth is critical in strengthening farmers’ ability to manage production risks. This study assesses the feasibility of using crowdsourced near-surface remote sensing imagery to monitor winter wheat phenology and identify damage events in northwest India. In particular, we demonstrate how streams of pictures of individual smallholder fields, taken using inexpensive smartphones, can be used to quantify important phenological stages in agricultural crops, specifically the wheat heading phase and how it can be used to detect lodging events, a major cause of crop damage globally. Near-surface remote sensing offers granular visual field data, providing detailed information on the timing of key developmental phases of winter wheat and crop growth disturbances that are not registered by common satellite remote sensing vegetation indices or national crop cut surveys. This illustrates the potential of near-surface remote sensing as a scalable platform for collecting high-resolution plot-specific data that can be used in supporting crop modeling, extension and insurance schemes to increase resilience to production risk and enhance food security in smallholder agricultural systems.

La exposición individual Soliloquium es el resultado de una investigación artística centrada en los estudios sobre la percepción de personas afectadas por la patología de la prosopagnosia, tema de interés en plataformas como Ars Electronica o el propio MUSAC, museo con repercusión internacional. Incluye un video en tres pantallas, proyectando diálogos que expresan tres realidades simultáneas. La instalación también presenta la serie escultórica en vidrio "A Special Form of Darkness", dibujos originales de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, la serie escultórica "PHNMNLG", una conversación con la comisaria Montserrat Rodríguez Garzo y "Transparency", una intervención en vinilo esmerilado. Las esculturas de vidrio transparente, corresponden a representaciones objetuales de los dibujos de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, precursor de las neurociencias modernas. La transparencia de los objetos alude a la filosofía de Thomas Metzinger: la experiencia de percibir la realidad sin ser conscientes de los procesos que intervienen en la formación de esta, así como a la apariencia de las neuronas sin la intervención de los métodos de tinción usados por Cajal para ver las neuronas de manera individual.

Epistemología visual: de los dibujos de Santiago Ramón y Cajal a las imágenes en las neurociencias contemporáneas es una contribución a los estudios de epistemología visual en las neurociencias, desde Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta la actualidad. Se centra en la cultura material de las prácticas artísticas y de los saberes de las neurociencias; esto es, los instrumentos, los procedimientos y los recursos narrativos – imágenes y textos- considerados agentes en la producción de conocimiento. Esta investigación se ha basado en el análisis de los agentes involucrados en la construcción de las imágenes neurocientíficas, en diferentes periodos históricos, desde la perspectiva de las culturas visuales, la historia de la ciencia y la investigación basada en prácticas artísticas. Imágenes que se han presentado como objetos centrales en la manufactura y en la difusión del conocimiento científico. La primera parte se centra en la obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, subrayando su dominio y habilidad artística fruto de la formación en artes plásticas recibida durante su infancia y juventud. A través de sus primeros dibujos, litografías, cuadernos de bocetos y fotografías, se sitúa su producción gráfica en relación a sus contemporáneos dentro de un contexto transnacional de producción e investigación. Sus aportaciones científicas se concretaban en formas y composiciones producto de su destreza como científico y artista plástico...

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

Epistemología visual: de los dibujos de Santiago Ramón y Cajal a las imágenes en las neurociencias contemporáneas es una contribución a los estudios de epistemología visual en las neurociencias, desde Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta la actualidad. Se centra en la cultura material de las prácticas artísticas y de los saberes de las neurociencias; esto es, los instrumentos, los procedimientos y los recursos narrativos – imágenes y textos- considerados agentes en la producción de conocimiento. Esta investigación se ha basado en el análisis de los agentes involucrados en la construcción de las imágenes neurocientíficas, en diferentes periodos históricos, desde la perspectiva de las culturas visuales, la historia de la ciencia y la investigación basada en prácticas artísticas. Imágenes que se han presentado como objetos centrales en la manufactura y en la difusión del conocimiento científico. La primera parte se centra en la obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal, subrayando su dominio y habilidad artística fruto de la formación en artes plásticas recibida durante su infancia y juventud. A través de sus primeros dibujos, litografías, cuadernos de bocetos y fotografías, se sitúa su producción gráfica en relación a sus contemporáneos dentro de un contexto transnacional de producción e investigación. Sus aportaciones científicas se concretaban en formas y composiciones producto de su destreza como científico y artista plástico...

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

Este proyecto indaga y comparte una serie de prácticas prototipables que, desde la investigación artística, sirven de herramientas para ser replicadas en los contextos virtuales de docencia e investigación, tanto dentro como fuera de la academia.

Este proyecto indaga y comparte una serie de prácticas prototipables que, desde la investigación artística, sirven de herramientas para ser replicadas en los contextos virtuales de docencia e investigación, tanto dentro como fuera de la academia.

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

This document presents the results of the research on the impact of the organizational bureaucratic culture in the service processes and the levels of attention towards local tour operators, by public tourism promotion agencies. It was sought to provide a response to the value of the work culture in the administrative organization of these organizations under the Weberian bureaucratic model, considering that the validity of said model is questioned in an area as dynamic as the provision of tourist services, where the demand for response to market needs, they exceed the limits of administrative bureaucratic action. It starts from the premise that bureaucratic work, in the field of tourism, is a paradigm of inefficiency, since the market operates in a culture of competitiveness and moves away from a bureaucratic (Weberian) culture., Este documento apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre o impacto da cultura burocrática organizacional nos processos de atendimento e nos níveis de atenção aos operadores turísticos locais, pelos órgãos públicos de promoção do turismo. Procurou-se dar uma resposta à valorização da cultura do trabalho na organização administrativa destas organizações sob o modelo burocrático weberiano, visto que a validade deste modelo é questionada numa área tão dinâmica como a prestação de serviços turísticos, onde a procura de resposta à s necessidades do mercado, eles excedem os limites da ação burocrática administrativa. Parte-se da premissa de que o trabalho burocrático, no campo do turismo, é um paradigma da ineficiência, uma vez que o mercado opera em uma cultura de competitividade e se distancia de uma cultura burocrática (weberiana)., Este documento expone el resultado de la investigación sobre el impacto de la cultura burocrática organizacional en los procesos de servicio y los niveles de atención hacia operadores turísticos locales, por parte de organismos públicos de promoción turística. Se buscó brindar respuesta al valor de la cultura de trabajo en la organización administrativa de dichos organismos bajo el modelo burocrático weberiano, atendiendo que la vigencia de dicho modelo es cuestionada en un ámbito tan dinámico como la prestación de servicios turísticos, donde la exigencia de respuesta a las necesidades del mercado, superan los límites de la actuación burocrática administrativa. Se parte de la premisa de que el trabajo burocrático, en el ámbito de turismo, es un paradigma de ineficiencia dado que el mercado opera en una cultura de competitividad y se aleja de una cultura burocrática (weberiana).

Non-PR, 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance, MTID, Si bien los niveles de productividad agrícola por trabajador y por hectárea se han incrementado en los últimos 50 años, la región aún muestra niveles inferiores a los alcanzados por los países desarrollados. Incluso, las diferencias de productividad al interior de Latinoamérica son muy significativas. La incorporación de maquinaria y tecnología moderna, junto con gestión eficiente, podrían generar alternativas viables para aumentar la producción agrícola en la región. A pesar de su relevancia, los estudios sobre la incorporación de maquinaria a las actividades rurales son particularmente escasos y muchas de sus aristas continúan aún entre las sombras. Por ello, el objetivo del presente documento es hacer una reseña de la evidencia disponible acerca de la situación actual de la mecanización agrícola en América Latina a fin de atraer mayor atención a la misma. En la actualidad, el valor marginal de la incorporación de maquinaria en América Latina aún sigue siendo superior al aporte de la mayor parte del globo, lo que indica el retraso relativo de la región en este aspecto. Incluso las brechas de dotación de maquinaria al interior de la región siguen siendo significativas. En particular, se observa que los países con menor cantidad de hectáreas por explotación poseen un menor acervo de maquinaria por trabajador, lo que pone en evidencia el hecho de que el tamaño de la finca afecta la capacidad de los agricultores a acceder a tecnologías agrícolas modernas.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

Objective: to determine the degree of autonomy of the elderly after 100 days of confinement due to COVID-19 in Peru. Materials and methods: analytical cross-sectional study, the population consisted of 71 older adults between 60 and 100 years of age after 100 days of compulsory confinement. A virtual survey was conducted through social networks from July 1 to July 31, 2020 using the Barthel index. For the statistical analysis, the data was emptied into the Microsoft Excel program and, later, the statistical software SPSS® Statistics, Version 25 was used. The results were presented in tables with frequencies and percentages. Results: the personal autonomy of the elderly decreased slightly except in the displacement activity; 84.5% of the participants reported musculoskeletal pain during confinement and 66.2% of these, moderate pain. Conclusions: social confinement leads to a decrease in physical activity, negatively impacting the personal autonomy of the elderly., Objetivo: determinar el grado de autonomía del adulto mayor después de los 100 días de confinamiento por COVID-19 en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico, la población estuvo conformada por 71 adultos mayores comprendidos entre 60 y 100 años después de los 100 días de confinamiento obligatorio. Se realizó una encuesta virtual a través de las redes sociales del 1 de al 31 de julio del 2020 utilizando el índice de Barthel. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó el vaciado de datos al programa Microsoft Excel y, se utilizó posteriormente, el programa estadístico informático SPSS® Statistics, Versión 25. Resultados: los resultados se presentaron en tablas con frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: La autonomía personal del adulto mayor disminuyó ligeramente salvo en la actividad de desplazamiento; el 84.5% de los participantes reportó dolor musculoesquelético durante el confinamiento y el 66.2% de estos, dolor moderado. Conclusiones: el confinamiento social conlleva a una disminución de la actividad física impactando negativamente en la autonomía personal del adulto mayor.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

This essay presents a perspective on the possibilities of developing a cultural tourism strategy for the city of Mexicali, in the border state of Baja California, Mexico; a territory adjacent to Southern California. This application derives from the border situation that this city has with the United States, and that has shaped its social and economic relations throughout its history. The aim is to outline the idea that an adequate development of local identity can be the trigger to configure the strategy in question; since this city has been a terminal of migrant flows that, mainly from the interior of Mexico, have adopted this city as a seat. The current economic changes open the possibility for cultural tourism to be a development option for this city., Este ensaio descreve uma perspectiva sobre as possibilidades de desenvolver uma estratégia de turismo cultural para a cidade de Mexicali, no estado fronteiriço de Baja California, México; um território adjacente ao sul da Califórnia. Esse aplicativo deriva da situação de fronteira que essa cidade tem com os Estados Unidos e que moldou suas relações sociais e econômicas ao longo de sua história. O objetivo é delinear a ideia de que um desenvolvimento adequado da identidade local pode ser o gatilho para configurar a estratégia em questão; uma vez que esta cidade é um terminal de fluxos migrantes que, principalmente do interior do México, adotaram a cidade como sede. As atuais mudanças econômicas abrem a possibilidade do turismo cultural ser uma opção de desenvolvimento para esta cidade., El presente ensayo describe una perspectiva sobre las posibilidades de desarrollar una estrategia de turismo cultural para la ciudad de Mexicali, en el estado fronterizo de Baja California, México; un territorio colindante con el Sur de California. Esta postulación se deriva de la coyuntura fronteriza que esta ciudad tiene con los Estados Unidos, y que le ha configurado sus relaciones sociales y económicas a lo largo de su historia. Se pretende esbozar la idea de que un adecuado desarrollo de identidad local puede ser el detonante para configurar la estrategia en cuestión; toda vez que dicha ciudad ha sido terminal de flujos migrantes que, procedentes del interior de México, principalmente, han adoptado por asiento esta ciudad. Los actuales cambios económicos abren la posibilidad para que el turismo cultural sea una opción de desarrollo para esta ciudad.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies, MTID, Farm size and land allocation are important factors in explaining lagging agricultural productivity in developing countries. This paper examines the effect of land market imperfections on land allocation across farmers and aggregate agricultural productivity. We develop a theoretical framework to model the optimal size distribution of farms and assess to what extent market imperfections can explain non-optimal land allocation and output in-efficiency. We measure these distortions for the case of Guatemala using agricultural census microdata. We find that due to land market imperfections aggregate output is 19% below its efficient level for both maize and beans and 31% below for coffee, which are three major crops produced nationwide. The regions with higher distortions show a higher dispersion in land prices and less active rental markets. We also find that the degree of land market distortions across locations co-variate with road accessibility and ethnicity and, in a lower extent, with education.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; PBI; CRP2; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; DCA; Capacity Strengthening, MTID; PIM, CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Farmers in India are increasingly exposed to climate change and natural disasters, causing extreme hardship. Anticipating the possibility of such calamities, farmers underinvest in productivity-enhancing technologies. Policymakers hence seek ways to improve farmers’ resilience, and delivery of risk management strategies, including crop insurance, has become a major objective on policy agendas. Existing insurance products, however, face several challenges. On one hand, traditional indemnity insurance products suffer high transaction costs and moral hazard (Hazell, et al. 1986). On the other hand, index-based insurance, which could overcome such concerns by relying on indices that are easily measurable and outside the farmer’s control, suffer low demand due to basis risk, lack of trust, and poor product ownership (Cole et al. 2013). The study was conducted in Haryana and Punjab, two states in northwest India. These two states are the second and third largest wheat producing states in India and the largest contributors to the central pool of food grains used to provide welfare entitlements to India’s poor. Farmers in these states also have higher agricultural incomes and larger landholding sizes compared to the rest of India (Government of India 2016). However, in the last decade, yield-growth has stagnated and farmers have struggled with depleted water tables and poor soil fertility (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare 2015–2016).

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; CRP2; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; IFPRIOA, MTID; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), A substantial literature has analyzed the challenges around weather index insurance, yet an important design issue has been generally overlooked. Most index insurance products have so far been characterized by a one-size-fits-all payout structure, intended for a representative farmer, at the cost of ignoring considerable heterogeneity in risk profiles. This paper provides unique evidence on the ways in which heterogeneity in farmers’ risk exposure affects their demand for insurance. We analyze a set of flexible insurance products against excess rainfall and exploit the substantial variation in insurance portfolios demanded by farmers. We explore the relevance of alternative sources of heterogeneity by extending a simple expected utility decision model and relying on structural estimation to test their significance. We find important aspects of farmer heterogeneity directly affecting their demand for insurance. We quantify the benefits of a flexible scheme by comparing farmer welfare to that achieved under alternative counterfactual insurance options.

PBI; Open Access; CRP2, MTID; PIM, CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data); CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), This is a processed dataset of approximately 20,000 near-surface remote sensing images acquired using inexpensive smartphones within the context of a picture-based insurance (PBI) initiative of 1,685 smallholder farmers fields in northwest India. Monitoring crop growth and disturbances is critical in strengthening farmers’ ability to manage production risks. The data presented monitors winter wheat growth and includes meta-data, either manually or automatically derived, to quantify 5 crop greenness, phenology and damage events as well as management practices. Our dataset offers granular visual field data, with processed images and detailed meta-data that provide information on the timing of key developmental phases of winter wheat and crop growth disturbances which are not registered by common satellite remote sensing vegetation indices or national crop cut surveys. The purpose of this high-resolution dataset is to provide a rich source of inputs in supporting of crop modeling and production risk assessment in support of food security in smallholder agricultural systems. We, therefore, foresee that these data will find applications in crop modeling, remote sensing validation and machine learning-based crop assessment.

[EN] A paradoxical image of Iranian cinema history can be seen in Lalezar Street, an avenuefull of cinemas that the Islamic Revolution turned into a street of burnt buildings. Now, there is a street with a different type of light. This light is spread from the electronic and lamp shops which are currently placed there. To understand this image, I travel through the Iranian cinema history and its relation to the population subjectivity., [ES] Con una historia tan compleja como la del cine iraní, resulta paradójico que todo haya quedado concentrado en una imagen: la de la calle Lalezar, una avenida plagada de cines que la revolución convirtió en una calle de salas quemadas. Esto dio paso a otra luz, la de las tiendas de electrónica e iluminación que ahora habitan dicho espacio. Para poder entender esta imagen, propongo un repaso por la historia de la cinematografía en Irán y su relación con la subjetividad de su sociedad.